暑假作業(yè)08閱讀理解

完成時間：月日天氣：作業(yè)08閱讀理解一、為什么要擴(kuò)充詞匯量詞匯是語言的基本單位，沒有詞匯，就沒有理解，更談不上意義的表達(dá)。當(dāng)然，這里的詞匯不僅僅是指一個單詞，它包括單詞和由單詞組成的固定短語、習(xí)慣用語、諺語、俗語、流行用語等，但有時一些詞匯的意思在不同的語境中意思迥異。因此，生詞的含義只有在閱讀中，即上下文語境中才能完全展現(xiàn)出來，并易于被識記、理解和掌握。換句話說，是上下文給某個詞以特定含義，而這個特定含義有時是詞典無法提供的。多讀是擴(kuò)大詞匯量的好方法，不僅要讀不同體裁的文章，而且要多讀不同題材的文章，才能有效擴(kuò)大詞匯量，讓備考更高效。怎樣擴(kuò)充詞匯量(一)利用詞綴法記單詞 (二)利用詞根記單詞(三)利用逆序歸類記單詞 (四)利用一詞多用記單詞(五)利用熟詞僻義記單詞 (六)利用易錯比較記單詞(七)“4角度”區(qū)分完形填空易錯詞匯1．比較形近詞和義近詞，如：live;living;alive;lively。2．比對高頻易混短語的意義，如carryout;carryon等。(八)利用語境記憶詞匯 (九)通過閱讀記憶詞匯(十)積極應(yīng)用加強(qiáng)記憶做到“詞不離句，句不離文”。這樣，我們在不知不覺中就能鞏固自己的詞匯。做到“詞不離句，句不離文”。這樣，我們在不知不覺中就能鞏固自己的詞匯一江蘇昆山發(fā)生爆炸事故題材體裁難度詞匯建議用時實(shí)際用時正確率新聞熱點(diǎn)記敘文★★★★1776分鐘AnexplosionfromafactoryinKunshankilledatleast69peopleandmorethan120peoplegothurt.ChinasuffereditsworstindustrialaccidentinayearonSaturday.TheaccidenthappenedinKunshancity,JiangsuProvinceinChina.AndtheblastwasfromZhongrongMetalProductspany,whomakescarwheelsfortheU.S.TheKunshangovernmenttoldus264workersweretherewhentheexplosionhappenedand44diedimmediately.“Weheardareallyloudblastatabout7a.m.thismorningsowerushedoutofourrooms,”saidZhouXu,a26yearoldworkeratthatpany.Anotherworkersaid,“Firsttheambulancecameandthenmanywivesrushedtothefactorytoseeiftheirhusbandswereokay.”Now,ShanghaigovernmentissendingdoctorstoKunshantosavetheinjured.Andthedoctorsaidthenumberofthedeadmayincrease.Chinesegovernmentislookingintothecauseofthedisaster.AndPresidentXiattachesgreatimportancetoit.Hesaid,“Thosefoundresponsiblemustbepunished”.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1.Howmanypeoplediedintheindustrialaccident?A.69. B.120. C.189. D.Morethan69.()2.Wheredidthisaccidenthappen?A.KunshangcityinHunanprovince. B.KunshangcityinJiangsuprovince.C.ShanghaicityinChina.D.KunshanginShanghaicity.()3.WhoisZhonXu?A.TheleaderinZhongrongMetalProductspany.B.AworkerinZhongrongMetalProductspany.C.SomeoneworksforKungshanggovernment.D.Thewifeofoneoftheinjured.()4.Whathappenedwhentheaccidenthappen?A.Workersrushedoutoftheirrooms。B.Ambulancecame.C.Wivesrushedtothefactorytomakesurethesafetyoftheirhusband。D.Alloftheabove.()5.Wecanknowfromthedoctorthat________.A.therewillbemoredeadsB.therewillbelessdeadsC.manyinjuredcanbesavedD.doctorscan’tdoanythingfortheinjured【語篇導(dǎo)讀】江蘇昆山中榮金屬制品發(fā)生爆炸，爆炸已致使至少65人死亡，120多人受傷。 【答案解析】1.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一句話…killedatleast69people…可知，事故已致使至少69人死亡。本題答題關(guān)鍵在于atleast,與D選項(xiàng)的morethan意思一致，故選D。2.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第2段TheaccidenthappenedinKunshancity,JiangsuProvinceinChina可知，答案選B。3.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第2段…saidZhouXu,a26yearoldworkersatthatpany可知，答案選B。4.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第2段兩個工人說的話可知，A,B,C選項(xiàng)均是事故后發(fā)生的事情，故選D。5.A 推理判斷題。從文章第3段thenumberofthedeadmayincrease可知，死亡人數(shù)可能會增長，本題答題關(guān)鍵在于increase“增加”，與A選項(xiàng)more相符，故選A。【生詞】explosion/?k'spl???n/n.爆炸例句：Theexplosiongaveforthatremendoussound.爆炸發(fā)出巨大的聲響。industrial/?n'd?str??l/adj.工業(yè)的例句：Englandisanadvancedindustrialcountry.英國是一個發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國家。blast/blɑ?st/n.爆炸例句：Thebombblastkilledseveralharmlesspassersby.炸彈爆炸使幾個無辜行人受傷。theinjured/?nd?r?d/傷員例句：Ambulancesrushedtheinjuredtohospital.救護(hù)車把受傷的人火速送到醫(yī)院。disaster/d?'zɑ?st?/n.災(zāi)禍例句：Thedisastercausedhimtowaverinhisfaith.這件災(zāi)難使他對信仰發(fā)生了動搖?！鹃L難句分析】1.ChinasuffereditsworstindustrialaccidentinayearonSaturday.中國在周六遭遇了今年最嚴(yán)重的工業(yè)事故。句中suffer意為“遭遇”。2.AndtheblastwasfromZhongrongMetalProductspany,whomakescarwheelsfortheU.S.爆炸發(fā)生在中榮金屬制品，這所公司是為英國制作汽車輪胎的。此句是一個定語從句，從句whomakescarwheelsfortheU.S是對ZhongrongMetalProductspany的補(bǔ)充說明。3.Chinesegovernmentislookingintothecauseofthedisaster.AndPresidentXiattachesgreatimportancetoit.Hesaid,“Thosefoundresponsiblemustbepunished”.中國政府正在就事故的起因展開調(diào)查。習(xí)主席高度重視本次事故。他說：“事故的相關(guān)責(zé)任人一定要受到懲罰”。句中l(wèi)ookinto意為“展開調(diào)查”；attachegreatimportanceto意為“高度重視某事”。二美國接其伊波拉病毒患者回國治療題材體裁難度詞匯建議用時實(shí)際用時正確率新聞熱點(diǎn)記敘文★★★★2106分鐘 Peoplewillhaveasenseoffearwhentheyhearabout“Ebolavirus”.Ebolavirusisakindofhorribledisease.Itmaycausedeath,andwhat’sworse?Itishighlyinfectious.Ifapersonhasthisvirus,heorshewillpassittoothersaroundthem.Sofar,therehasnotbeenanyeffectivetreatmenttokillthisvirus.Theonlywaytoavoiditistoisolatethepatientsfromthepublic. Hereisapieceofsurprisingnewsthatcanfortbothpatientsandthepublic.ThereisanAmericandoctorcalledKentBrantly,infectedwiththeEbolavirus.HeisoneofthetwoseriouslyillAmericans.HeissupposedtobeisolatedinWestAfricawherehecaughtEbolavirus.Butnow,aidsofficialssayaplaneistakingDr.KenttotheU.S.HewillreceivetreatmentsinAtlanta'sEmoryUniversityHospital.Andlater,thesecondpatientwillalsobethere. ItwillbethefirsttimethatAmericanbringanyoneinfectedwiththatdiseasebackintothecountry.AndU.S.officialsarefullofconfidence.Theyaresurethatthepatientscanbetreatedandthepublicwillnotworrysomuchaboutthatviruslikebefore.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1.Howdopeoplefeelwhentheyhearabout“Ebolavirus”? A.Happy. B.Afraid. C.Surprised. D.Excited.()2.WhatdoestheunderlinesentenceinParagraph2mean? A.Itisverysafe. B.Itcanbecuredeasily. C.Itcanbepassedaroundeasilytoothers. D.Itishardtobecured.()3.WhyisEbolavirushorrible?A.Becauseittakespeoplelotsofmoney.B.Becausepeoplewillneverbehealthyagainiftheycatchthisvirus.C.Becauseitcanmakepeopledieandthisviruscanbespreadeasily.D.Becauseanyonewiththisviruswilldie.()4.WhoisKentBrantly? A.HeisanAmericandoctorinfectedwithEbolavirus. B.HeisanAfricandoctorinfectedwithEbolavirus. C.HeisanAmericandoctorlookingfortreatmentsofEbolavirus. D.Heisanaidsofficial.()5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout? A.Ebolavirusishorrible. B.ManypeoplearesufferingEbolavirus. C.PeopleareafraidofEbolavirus. D.TheU.S.isbringingitsEbolaviruspatientsbacktothecountrytoreceivetreatments.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 一聽到伊波拉病毒，人人自危。然而，美國將接其伊波拉病毒患者回國治療。這將使人們對這一病毒的治療重獲信心?！敬鸢附馕觥?.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第1段Peoplewillhaveasenseoffear可知，其中senseoffear意思與B選項(xiàng)的afraid一致，故選B。2.C 詞義猜測題。從文章第2段Ifapersonhasthisvirus,heorshewillpassittoothersaroundthem可知，伊波拉病毒是一種傳染性病毒，故選C.3.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第2段可知，答此題要抓住兩個關(guān)鍵詞，causedeath和highlyinfectious，只有C選項(xiàng)同時滿足這兩個條件。故選C。4.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第3段HereisanAmericandoctorcalledKentBrantly,infectedwiththeEbolavirus可知，故選A。5.D 主旨大意題。雖然文章開頭介紹伊波拉病毒，但這只是為下面的新聞事件做鋪墊。文章的重心在第4和第5段，向讀者介紹一則可喜的新聞，即美國將接其伊波拉病毒患者回國治療。故選D?！旧~】virus/'va??r?s/n.病毒例句：Thefluvirusinfectedalmosttheentireclass.全班幾乎人人都染上了流行性感冒病毒。effective/?'fekt?v/adj.有效的例句：Ithinkyou'llhavetotakeeffectivesteps.我認(rèn)為你得采取有效措施。treatment/'tr??tm?nt/n.治療例句：Hewillnotsitdownundersuchtreatment.我不應(yīng)再忍受好如此的禮遇。infect/?n'fekt/v.傳染，感染例句：Lethernotinfectthewholeflock.絕不能讓她帶壞一幫子人。isolate/'a?s?le?t/v.隔離例句：Thepatientshouldisolatefromhischild.這個病人必須立刻和他的孩子隔離?！鹃L難句分析】1.Sofar,therehasnotbeenanyeffectivetreatmenttokillthisvirus.Theonlywaytoavoiditistoisolatethepatientsfromthepublic.迄今為止，還沒有殺死這種病毒的有效治療方法。唯一防止這種病毒的方法就是將其患者隔離。句中sofar意為“迄今為止”，其所在句子的謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時。2.ItwillbethefirsttimethatAmericanbringanyoneinfectedwiththatdiseasebackintothecountry.這是美國第一次將其伊波拉病毒患者接回國。此句為定語從句，從句hatAmericanbringanyoneinfectedwiththatdiseasebackintothecountry修飾先行詞time.三云南發(fā)生6.3級地震題材體裁難度詞匯建議用時實(shí)際用時正確率新聞記敘文★★★★2206分鐘AstrongearthquakeinthemountainsofsouthwestChinaonSundaydestroyed12,000houses,buriedroadsandkilledatleast367people.Themagnitude6.1quakehappenedat4:30p.montheborderbetweenYunnanandSichuanprovinces.MaLiya,alocal,saidthestreetslookedlikea“battlefieldafterbombardment”aftertheearthquake.Peoplerushedout,housesweredestroyed,androads,electricityandmunicationswereallcutoff.Governmentsattachgreatimportancetothisdisaster.Theyaresparingnoefforttohelpthepeoplethere.Morethan2,500armieshavebeensenttothearea.TheRedCrossSocietyofChinahaveprovidedmanyquilts,jacketsandtentsforthosepeoplewhoweremadehomelessbythequake.WhileRedCrossbranchesinHongKong,MacauandneighboringSichuanprovincehavealsosentlotsofusefulthingsthere.Rescueteamsarethere.“Therearecountlesspeoplewaitingtoberescuedandrescueteamswereclearingtheroadswiththeirhands"saidMaoLihui,avolunteerononeoftherescueteams.TheWhiteHouseisalsoreadytohelp.ChinesestatebroadcasterCCTVsaiditwasthestrongestquakefor14yearsinthere.In1970,amagnitude7.7quakeinYunnankilledatleast15,000people.AquakeinSichuanin2008killedalmost70,000people.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1.Wheredidtheearthquakehappen?A.InthemountainsofnorthwestChina.B.OntheborderbetweenYunnanandSichuanprovinces.C.InLijiang,YunnanProvince.D.InWengchuan,SichuanProvince.()2.WhatdidMaLiyasuggestwhenshesaidthestreetslookedlikea"battlefieldafterbombardment?A.Therewasawarinthestreet.B.Thestreetwasveryquiet.C.Thestreetwasinahorridmess.D.Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreet.()3.Whatdidn’tpeopledoaftertheearthquake?A.Governmentsentarmiesthere.B.TheRedCrosstooklotsofthingsthere.C.WhileRedCrossbranchesinHongKong,MacauandneighboringSichuanprovinceofferedmanythings.D.TheWhiteHousewasthereforhelp.()4.Accordingtothepassage,thereisn’tanyearthquakeinChinain_________.A.1970 B.1990 C.2008 D.2014()5.Whichisthethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Astrong

earthquakehitChina’sYunnanProvinceB.China’sstrongestearthquakeC.ThestrongestearthquakeintheworldD.PeopleweremadehomelessbyaearthquakeinChina【語篇導(dǎo)讀】中國云南發(fā)生6.1級地震，中國政府正在竭力展開救援工作?！敬鸢附馕觥?.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第2段第一句話可知。A選項(xiàng)是誤導(dǎo)項(xiàng)，從文章第1段AstrongearthquakeinthemountainsofsouthwestChina…可知，地震發(fā)生在中國西南部，而不是西北部，故選B。2.C 推理判斷題。從文章第2段Peoplerushedout,housesweredestroyed,androads,electricityandmunicationswereallcutoff可知，瑪利亞是想表達(dá)地震后街上一片狼藉。故選C。3.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第3段最后一句話可知，白宮隨時準(zhǔn)備給予幫助，但是還未參與救援工作，bereadyto是“隨時樂意做……，準(zhǔn)備做……”的意思，故選D。4.B 推理判斷題。本題需要讀者針對細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行判斷。文章在第1段提到中國今年發(fā)生了地震，最后一段又提到1970和2008年均有發(fā)生地震，故排除選項(xiàng)A,C,D,故選B。5.A主旨大意題。文章第1段介紹了云南發(fā)生地震，第2段講述地震現(xiàn)場情況，第3段講述救援工作，故A選項(xiàng)是最佳題目，D選項(xiàng)過于片面。故選A。【生詞】magnitude/'m?gn?tu?d/n.震級例句：hequakeregisteredamagnitudeof7.8.據(jù)記錄，震級達(dá)7.8級。quilt/kw?lt/n.棉被例句：Heboughtaheavyquiltforthewinter.他買了一床厚被子過冬。rescue/'reskju?/n.援救例句：Therescueoperationlastedthreedays.救援活動持續(xù)了三天。branche/brɑ?nt?/n.分部例句：Thebranchwasstickingupoutofthewater.樹枝直挺挺地伸出水面。Chinesestatebroadcaster/br??dka?st?/中國國家電視臺例句：ChinesestatetelevisionCCTVbroadcastWen'sspeechinCambridgebutabruptlycutawayfromthecoveragewhentheprotesthappened.中國中央電視臺播放了溫總理在劍橋大學(xué)的演講但是很唐突的刪除了抗議發(fā)生的那一段.【長難句分析】1.Governmentsattachgreatimportancetothisdisaster.Theyaresparingnoefforttohelpthepeoplethere.政府高度重視此次災(zāi)難。他們正在不遺余力地展開救援工作。句中attachgreatimportanceto意為“高度重視......”;sparenoeffortto意為“不遺余力做......”2.TheRedCrossSocietyofChinatookquilts,jacketsandtentsforthosepeoplewhoweremadehomelessbythequake.中國紅十字會給在地震中失去家園的人們帶去棉被，衣服和帳篷。句是一個定語從句，whoweremadehomelessbythequake做先行詞who的定語。3.Therearecountlesspeoplewaitingtoberescuedandrescueteamswereclearingtheroadswiththeirhands"saidMaoLihui,avolunteerononeoftherescueteams.一支救援隊(duì)伍的志愿者說：“需要幫助的人們無法計(jì)數(shù)，救援隊(duì)伍正在用他們的雙手清理道路?！本渲衱aitingtoberescued是一個伴隨狀語，是對people的補(bǔ)充說明。四孫梅艷培訓(xùn)將去沙特阿拉伯工作的護(hù)士題材體裁難度詞匯建議用時實(shí)際用時正確率人物記敘文★★★2465分鐘Livinginaforeigncountryisnotsoeasy,especiallyforthoseworkingoversea.Peoplemaymeetmanydifficultiesasthingsinanothercountryarequitedifferentfromthoseintheirowncountries.Theymayhavemoneyproblem,cultureproblem,transportationproblem,foodproblem,andlanguageproblemsandsoon. SunMeiyanisa33yearoldChinesenurse.ShemajoredinforeignnursingcareandshetookathreemonthlanguagecourseattheWeihaitrainingcenter.Thensheworkedinanoverseashospital,theAlmanaGeneralHospital.Withthisworkingexperience,wheninterviewersfromSaudiGermanHospitalcametoWeihaitohirenurses,theychoseSunwithouthesitation.Shewentthereandworkedasanurseforsevenyears.NowsheistrainingChinesenurseswhowanttoworkinSaudiArabiaattheShandongInternationalNurseTrainingCenterinWeihai,Shandongprovince. Suesharesknowledgeonlocallawsandculturewithherstudents."ThankstothesevenyearworkingexperienceinSaudiArabia,Iunderstandthecountry'slaws,cultureandlifestyleverywell,"Sunsaid.Ontheotherhand,aslanguageisthebiggestobstacletoforeignemployment,Sunalwaystellsherstudentstopaymoreattentiontolanguage.ShetellsthemthatbesidesEnglish,nurseswhowanttoworkinSaudiArabianeedtolearnsomeArabic.What’smore?InSaudiArabia,anurse'simageisasimportantasherprofessionalskills,soSuninstructsherstudentstowashandirontheiruniformeveryday.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1.HowmanydifficultiesdoesthewritermentioninParagraph2?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.()2.TherightorderofSun’sworkis___________.① workasanurseinAlmanaGeneralHospital② takeathreemonthlanguagetrainingcourse③ trainnurseswhowanttoworkinSaudiArabiainShandongprovince④ workinAlmanaGeneralHospitalA.②④①③ B.①③②④ C.②①④③ D.④③①②()3.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?Workingoverseaisgood. B.Don’tworkoversea.C.SueistrainingthenurseswhowanttoworkinSaudiArabia.D.SuethinksiteasytoworkinSaudiArabia.()4.WhatlanguagesshouldthenurseslearninordertoworkinSaudiArabia?A.EnglishandFrench. B.FrenchandArabic.C.GermanyandArabic. D.EnglishandArabic.()5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Sunmajoredinforeignnursingcare.B.SunworkedinSaudiArabiaforsevenyears.C.Culturedifferenceisthebiggestproblemtoforeignemployment.D.NurseimageisasimportantastheirprofessionalskillsinSaudiArabia.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】出國工作并不是件易事，海歸護(hù)士孫梅艷將其在沙特阿拉伯工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳授給想要出國工作的護(hù)士門?！敬鸢附馕觥?.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第2段可知，出國工作主要有五點(diǎn)難處，分別是moneyproblem,cultureproblem,transportationproblem,foodproblem,和languageproblems，故選D。2.A 文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。從文章第3段可知，孫梅艷先是參加了語言培訓(xùn)課程，再進(jìn)入外企醫(yī)院工作，隨后去到沙特阿拉伯當(dāng)護(hù)士，現(xiàn)在已回到山東負(fù)責(zé)培訓(xùn)想要出國工作的護(hù)士，故選A。3.C 推理判斷題。文章最后一段，孫梅艷向想要去沙特阿拉伯工作的護(hù)士門傳授了自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及在外工作的注意事項(xiàng)，故選C。4.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段besidesEnglish,nursewhowanttoworkinSaudiArabianeedtolearnsomeArabic可知，去阿拉伯工作要學(xué)習(xí)英語和阿拉伯語兩種語言，故選D。5.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第3段Shemajoredinforeignnursingcare可知A選項(xiàng)正確；從文章Shewentthereandworkedasanurseforsevenyears可知，B選項(xiàng)正確；從最后一段anurse'simageisasimportantasherprofessionalskills可知，D選項(xiàng)正確；而從最后一段aslanguageisthebiggestobstacletoforeignemployment可知語言是出國工作的最大障礙，而非文化，故C選項(xiàng)錯誤，故選C。【生詞】transportation/tr?nsp?r'te??n/n.交通運(yùn)輸例句：Thetrainisasafemeansoftransportation.火車是一種安全可靠的交通工具。hesitation/hez?'te???n/n.猶豫例句：Sheansweredwithoutamoment'shesitation.她毫不遲疑立即回答。SaudiArabia/sa?di?'re?bi?/ 沙特阿拉伯例句：TheU.S.isarmingSaudiArabia.美國正在讓沙特阿拉伯備戰(zhàn)。obstacle/'ɑbst?kl/n.障礙例句：Herparents'oppositionisanobstacletohermarriage.她父母的反對是她結(jié)婚的障礙instruct/?n'str?kt/v.教導(dǎo)例句：MyjobistoinstructherinEnglish.我的工作是教她英語。【長難句分析】1.Peoplemaymeetmanydifficultiesasthingsinanothercountryarequitedifferentfromthoseintheirowncountry.由于很多國外的東西與國內(nèi)的東西差別很大，所以人們?nèi)サ絿饪赡軙龅皆S多困難。此句是一個原因狀語從句，asthingsinanothercountryarequitedifferentfromthoseintheirowncountry作原因狀語。2.Withthisworkingexperience,wheninterviewersfromSaudiGermanHospitalcametoWeihaitohirenurses,theychoseSunwithouthesitation.正因?yàn)橛辛诉@個工作經(jīng)歷，當(dāng)沙特德國合資醫(yī)院的面試官來威海招聘護(hù)士時，他們毫不猶豫地選了孫梅艷。此句是一個伴隨狀語從句，withthisworkingexperience作伴隨狀語。3.InSaudiArabia,anurse'simageisasimportantasherprofessionalskills,soSuninstructsherstudentstowashandirontheiruniformeveryday.在沙特阿拉伯，護(hù)士的形象和她們的專業(yè)知識一樣重要，所以孫梅艷教導(dǎo)她的學(xué)生要每天清洗和燙制服。句中as...as表示“和...一樣”。五世界男女人口比例失衡題材體裁難度詞匯建議用時實(shí)際用時正確率文化說明文★★★2425分鐘 Boysorgirls?Thatistoday’ssensitiveandhottopicallovertheworld. AccordingtoChina’scensus,118babyboyswerebornforevery100girlsin2010.Becauseofthisratio,manymeninChinawillfailtomarryawife.ThisserioussocialproblemisduetoChinesetraditionalopiniontowardsboysandgirls. Chinesefavorboysmuchmorethangirls.Theythinkthatmancandomorehardlaboroutsideandtheyareabletoearnmoremoney,whilewomenaresupposedtostayathome,doinghousework.Theotherreasonisthatboyscarryonthefamilynamewhentheygetmarried,whilegirlsdonotcarryonthebloodlinewhichisofgreatimportancetoChinesefamily.So,inthecountryside,manybabygirlsarekilledbeforetheyaregivenbirth. ThesameissueisalsogettingpopularinAmerica.Iftheywereonlyallowedtohaveonechild,moreAmericanswouldpreferitbeaboyratherthanagirl,anewsurveyfinds.TheGalluppollingagencytellusinthesurvey,fortypercentsaidtheywouldpickaboy,28percentsaidtheywouldwantagirl,andtherestdidn'tcarethebaby’sgenderortheywerenotsure. There’snowaytoknowhowmanysexselectiveabortionarethereintheworldeveryyear.Allweknowisthatwearelosingthegenderbalanceandsomemeasuresshouldbetaken.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1.AccordingtoChina'scensus_______________________.A.in2010,thenumberofbabyboysisthesamewiththatofbabygirlsB.in2010,therearemorebabyboysthanbabygirlsC.in2010,therearelessbabyboysthanbabygirlsD.in2010,therearemorebabygirlsthanbabyboys()2.WhydoChineselikeboysmuchmorethangirls?A.Becausemencandomorelaboroutside.B.Becausemencanearnmoremoney.C.Becausemencancarrythefamilyname.D.Alloftheabove.()3.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatdoesGalluppollingagencyimply?A.Americansdon’tcarebaby’ssex.B.PeopleinChinalikebabyboysbetter.C.PeopleinAmericanlikebabyboysbetter.D.Peopleintheworldlikebabyboysbetter.()4.Inthesurvey,howmanypeopledon’tcarethebaby’sgenderorarenotsure?A.28%. B.40%. C.Morethan50%. D.32%.()5.What’stheauthor’sattitudeaboutsexselectiveabortion?A.Don’tagree. B.Support. C.Remainneutral. D.Wedon’tknow.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】重男輕女現(xiàn)象不僅在中國存在，據(jù)報道，美國人也更喜歡生男孩?！敬鸢附馕觥?.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第2段118babyboyswerebornforevery100girlsin2010可知，中國2010年，男嬰出生人數(shù)比女嬰多，故選B。2.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第3段可知，中國人重男輕女原因有三個，男人可以干更重的勞力活，男人賺錢比女人多，男人可以傳承家族血統(tǒng)，故選D。3.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第4段Iftheywereonlyallowedtohaveonechild,moreAmericanswouldpreferitbeaboyratherthanagirl可知，美國人也更喜歡男孩，故選C。4.D 推理判斷題。從第4段第可知，28%的人想生女孩，40%的人想生男孩，剩下的不在乎孩子的性別或不知道自己的想法，故可算出剩下32%的人，故選D。5.A 推理判斷題。從最后一段Allweknowisthatwearelosingthegenderbalanceandsomemeasuresshouldbetaken可知，作者希望采取一些措施來解決男女比例失調(diào)問題，故他對選擇性墮胎這一做法并不贊成，故選A?！旧~】census/'sens?s/n.人口普查例句：Thiscountryhasjustcarriedoutacensus.這個國家剛剛進(jìn)行過人口普查。ratio/'re????/n.比例例句：Theratioofstudentstoteachersis35:1.學(xué)生和老師的比率是三十五比一。bloodline/'bl?dla?n/n.血統(tǒng)例句：Beingkingisabloodline,notajobintheCEOsenseoftheword.當(dāng)國王其實(shí)只事關(guān)血統(tǒng)，這可和做CEO截然不同。gender/'d?end?/n.性別例句：What'sthegenderofthenewbornbaby?新生兒是男孩還是女孩?abortion/?'b???n/n.墮胎例句：Theyarediscussingthemoralityofabortion.他們正在討論墮胎的道德性。【長難句分析】ThisserioussocialproblemisduetoChinesetraditionalopiniontowardsboysandgirls.這個嚴(yán)重的社會問題是由中國人對男孩女孩的傳統(tǒng)看法導(dǎo)致的。句中bedueto意為“由于......”Theotherreasonisthatboyscarryonthefamilynamewhentheygetmarried,whilegirlsdonotcarryonthebloodlinewhichisofgreatimportancetoChinesefamily.另外一個原因是，男人結(jié)婚后可以傳承家族姓氏和血統(tǒng)，而女人卻不能。家族血統(tǒng)對于中國家庭來說是至關(guān)重要的。句中while意為“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折；beofgreatimportance=important。Allweknowisthatwearelosingthegenderbalanceandsomemeasuresshouldbetaken.我們所知道的是人口性別比例失衡，我們應(yīng)該采取一些行動。此句是一個由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。一（2023·江蘇·無錫外國語學(xué)校一模）In2018,Sciencemagazineaskedsomeyoungscientistswhatschoolsshouldteachstudents.Mostsaidstudentsshouldspendlesstimerememberingfactsandhavemorespaceforcreativeactivities.AstheInternetgrowsmorepowerful,studentscangetknowledgeeasily.Whyshouldtheyberequiredtocarrysomuchofitaroundintheirheads?Civilizations(文明)developthroughforgettinglifeskillsthatwereoncenecessary.IntheAgriculturalAge,afarmercouldaffordtoforgethuntingskills.Whensocietiesindustrialized,theknowledgeoffarmingcouldbesafetoforget.Nowadays,smartmachineshelpustogetmosthumanknowledge.Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.Doesitmatter?Researchershaverealizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen.Forone,humanbeingshavebiases(偏見),andsmartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases.Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective(客觀的),butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.Anotherproblemrelatestotheease(容易)ofgettinginformation.Whentherewerenoputers,effortswererequiredtogetknowledgefromotherpeople,orgotothelibrary.Weknowwhatknowledgeliesinotherbrainsorbooks,andwhatliesinourheads.Buttoday,theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly.Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief—theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence(智慧),wecaneasilygettosmartmemorynetworkswhereinformationisstored.Butdependencyonanetworksuggestspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily.Thecollapseofanyofthenetworksofrelationsourhealthdependsupon,suchasfoodandenergy,wouldproduceterribleresults.Withoutfoodwegethungry;withoutenergywefeelcold.Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.Weforgetoldwaystofreeuptimeandspacefornewskills.Aslongastheolderformsofknowledgearestoredsomewhereinournetworks,andcanbefoundwhenweneedthem,perhapsthey’renotreallyforgotten.Still,astimegoeson,weslowlybutunquestionablybeestrangerstofuturepeople.1．Smartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiasesbecause________.A．theygooffcourseintestingandscoring B．wecontrolthetrainingprocessonthemC．weofferthemtoomuchinformation D．theyoverusetheprovidedanswers2．TheeaseofgettinginformationfromtheInternet________.A．freesusfrommakingeffortstolearnnewskills B．preventscivilizationsfrombeinglostatahighspeedC．misleadsusintothinkingwealreadyknewtheknowledge D．separatesthefactswehavefromthoseinthesmartmachines3．Accordingtothispassage,thefollowingaretrueexcept________.A．MostyoungscientistsrepliedtoSciencethatstudentsshouldhavemorecreativeactivities.B．Nowadays,withsmartmachines,peoplenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.C．Theuseofsmartmachinescausessomeproblemstopeople. D．Itisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.4．Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto________.A．questionaboutthestandardsofinformationstorage B．discussourproblemsofmunicationwithmachinesC．stresstheimportanceofimprovingourrememberingability D．remindusoftheriskofdependingonmachinestoremember1．B

2．C

3．B

4．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要論述了用機(jī)器記信息可能會產(chǎn)生的不良影響。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的后兩句“…butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.”可知由于人類是有偏見的，而人控制機(jī)器培訓(xùn)的過程，所以智能機(jī)器可能會增加我們的偏見。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段后兩句“Buttoday,theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly.Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief—theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.”可知從網(wǎng)上輕松獲取信息讓我們誤以為自己已經(jīng)知道了這些知識。故選C。3．判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.Doesitmatter?”和接下來的論述，尤其是第三段的第一句“Researchershaverealizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen.”以及第五段最后一句“Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.”可知即使有了智能機(jī)器，人類也還需要自己去記很多東西，不然會帶來很多問題，所以選項(xiàng)B表述錯誤。故選B。4．判斷推理題。通讀全文，尤其是第五段的前兩句“Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence(智慧),wecaneasilygettosmartmemorynetworkswhereinformationisstored.Butdependencyonanetworksuggestspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily.”可知文章主要論述了人類過于依賴智能機(jī)器記信息所產(chǎn)生的問題，可推斷出作者寫這篇文章旨在提醒人們依賴機(jī)器記信息所帶來的風(fēng)險。故選D。二（2023·江蘇·無錫外國語學(xué)校一模）AteamofUSpsychologist(心理學(xué)家)havefoundthattalkingtoanotherpersonfortenminutesadayhelpswithmemory.“Socializingisjustasusefulasmoretraditionalkindsofmental(腦力的)exercisesinboostingmemoryandintellectualperformance,”O(jiān)scarYbarra,apsychologistattheUniversityofMichiganInstituteforSocialResearch,saidinastatement.Inoneinvestigation(調(diào)查),theyanalyzeddataon3610people,aged24to96.Theyfindthatthehighertheirlevelofsocialinteraction(交流),thebettertheircognitive(認(rèn)知的)functioning.Socialinteractionincludesgettingtogetherorhavingphonechatswithrelatives,friendsandneighbors.Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersconductedlaboratorytestson76collegestudents,aged18to21,toevaluate(評估)howsocialinteractionsandmentalexercisesinfluencedtheresultsofmemoryandintellectualperformancetests.Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups:thesocialinteractiongrouphadadiscussionofasocialissuefor10minutesbeforetakingthetests;thementalactivitiesgrouppletedthreetasks(includingareadingprehensionexerciseandacrosswordpuzzle)beforethetests;andacontrolgroupwatcheda10minutefilmoftheSeinfeldtelevisionshow.“Wefoundthatshorttermsocialinteractionlastingforjust10minutesimprovedthestudents’intellectualperformanceasmuchasworkingonsocalled‘mental’activitiesforthesameamountoftime,”Ybarrasaid.ThestudywasexpectedtobepublishedintheFebruaryissueofthejournalPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boosting”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Improving. B．Reducing. C．Preventing. D．Training.2．Theresearchersconductedlaboratorytestson76collegestudentsto________.A．judgetheinfluenceofsocialinteractiononmemoryandintelligence B．findoutwhatisrealsocialinteractionC．learnhowmuchtimeisneededforsocialinteraction D．showthefuncti