淺析中西方飲食文化差異及其由來 定稿

福州大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文PAGE18PAGE13ContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\uChineseAbstract 2EnglishAbstract 31.Introduction 32.LiteratureReview 53.DifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternFoodCulture 63.1DifferenceinFocusBetweenChineseandtheWestern 63.2DifferencesinFoodStructureBetweenChineseandtheWestern 73.3DifferencesinFoodProcessingFormsBetweenChineseandtheWestern 73.4DifferencesinDiningBehaviorsBetweenChineseandtheWestern 83.5Summary 84.TheReasonofChineseandWesternFoodCultureDifference 85.1AgricultureStructure 95.2ReligiousBelief 95.3CulturesandValues 105.Conclusion 11References 13淺析中西方飲食文化的差異及其由來摘要隨著中國近年來社會經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展，人們不再以滿足溫飽作為生活的主要追求，而是更多地追求飲食的多樣化和差異性。人們的飲食行為變得更加豐富多彩。同時，隨著全球化進程地推進，中西方的飲食文化不斷地進行著交流和融合。本文通過列舉中西方飲食文化在加工形式、飲食觀念、飲食結(jié)構(gòu)、飲食行為等方面的差異，從中西方天然的農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、宗教信仰、文化及價值觀、歷史地理等角度分析造成這些差異的原因。以期讀者可以更好地明晰中西方飲食文化的差異及由來，可以更深入地了解中西方文化的差異。中西方文明不斷向前邁進。它們有時是平行線，有時是相交線。而飲食作為生存最基本的方式，必然是文明的載體。因此，充分認(rèn)識飲食文化的差異性及其由來，是增強文明間相互認(rèn)識的一個重要方式，或者說是打開中西方交流的重要窗口。關(guān)鍵詞：飲食文化；差異性；原因AComparativeStudyoftheDifferencesBetweenChineseandwesternFoodCulturesandtheReasonsBehindAbstractWith

the

continuous

social

development

of

China

in

recent

years,

people

are

no

longersatisfied

with

food

and

clothing

as

the

main

pursuit

of

life,but

more

to

pursue

the

diversityofdiet.

People’s

eating

behavior

has

become

more

colorful.

At

the

same

time,

with

theadvancementof

globalization,

the

Chinese

and

western

food

culture

are

constantlycommunicating

and

integrating

with

each

other.After

enumerating

the

differences

between

Chinese

and

western

food

cultures

in

processing

forms,

dietary

concepts,

dietary

structure

and

dietary

behaviors,

this

paper

analyzes

the

reasonsfor

these

differences

from

the

perspectives

of

natural

agricultural

structure,

religious

belief,culture

and

values,

and

historical

geography.

It’s

aimed

that

readers

can

better

understand

thedifferences

of

Chinese

and

western

food

culture

and

its

origin,

can

understand

the

differencesbetween

Chinese

and

western

culture

more

deeply.Chinese

and

western

civilizations

are

moving

forward.

In

this

process,

sometimes

they

areparallel

lines,

sometimes

they

are

intersecting

lines.

Diet,

as

the

most

basic

way

of

survival,

isinevitable

to

be

be

the

carrier

of

civilization.

Therefore,

a

better

understanding

of

the

differences

in

food

culture

and

its

origin

is

an

important

way

to

enhance

mutual

understanding

betweencivilizations,

or

to

open

an

important

window

of

communication

between

China

and

the

West.Keywords:foodculture;difference;reasonsIntroductionThedevelopmentoffoodculturehasexperiencedtwosteps,firstofall,peopleneedtomeettheneedsofthesurvivalinthisstage.Atthisstage,peoplehavetorunalldayforwaterandfoodbecauseoflowproductivity.Secondly,aftergettingfoodandwater,peoplewillproduceavarietyofactivitiesintheprocessofeatingfood(熊瑩,2013).Forexample,whilepeoplemadeuseofrawmaterialandconsumedthefood,therehadalwaysbeenaseriesofculturalandphilosophyactivities.Inaword,foodcultureincludesthesumofalltheeatinganddrinkingbehaviors.Therearetwocategories:foodacquisitionandfoodconsumption.ThedietarycultureinthisarticlemainlyreferstothedietarycultureoftheChinesenationandthedietarycultureofWesterncountries,especiallycountriessuchasBritain,America,andFrance.“Foodculturereferstothematerialandspiritualwealthwhichcreatedandaccumulatedbytheprocessoffoodculturalproductionandaccumulation”(伽羽中,2018:149).FoodcultureisoneofthecarriersofChineseandwesternculture,whichhasrichculturalconnotationanddistinctnationalcharacteristics.Thefoodculturaldifferencescomefromthesenationalfeaturesdifferences.TherearealonghistoryofChineseFoodculture.AsamainpartofChinesepeople’slife,foodculturehasalwaysoccupiedanimportantposition.Atthesametime,foodculturehasalsoplayedanimportantroleinthewesternworld.Thedifferencesinpeople’sproductionandlifestylehavecausedhugedifferencesinEasternandWesternfoodculture.Inthedictionary,diethastwoconceptswhichare“l(fā)iquidfoodsolidfood”and“eatanddrink”.Chinesefoodculturemeansthatduringthelong-termdevelopmentofChineseculture,Chinesepeopleaccumulatespiritualwealthandmaterialwealth.Itisthepracticeoftheproductionandconsumptionofdietaryproducts.Similarly,westernfoodcultureisthesumofthematerialandspiritualwealthwhichiscreatedandaccumulatedbywesternersintheprocessoflong-termproductionandconsumptionoffoodanddrink(王娜,2013).StudyingthedifferenceoffoodcultureanditsorigincanhelpreadersunderstandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternfoodculture,andunderstandthereasonsforthesedifferences.KnowingthedifferenceoffoodcultureanditsoriginishelpfultodeepenthemutualunderstandingamongdifferentcivilizationsanditiseasiertocommunicatefluentlybetweenChinaandwesterncountries,anditisconducivetothespreadofChineseculturetotheworld.FoodcultureisanimportantcarriertoexpressChineseculture.“In2000,therewere30millionoverseasChinesepeopleandabout160,000Chineserestaurantsaroundtheworld,whichisdistributedinEurope,Australia,theUnitedStatesandothercountries.”(戴躍儂,陸涓,2012:77).Therefore,ChinesefoodcultureisanimportantwindowforforeignerstounderstandChina.ItisnonewsthatforeignersknowChinafromitscuisinesincelongtimeago.Forexample,theylearnedChinesefrontierofficialsinlateQingdynastyfromthecuisinewhichwerecalledZuoZongtang’schickenandchopsue.Foralongtime,though,Chinahasfewimpactontheworld,yetthespreadofChineserestaurantsandcuisineseemstohavetornapartathinveilbetweenChineseandwesterncivilizations.Civilizationsareconstantlyinteractingwitheachotherlikethis.LiteratureReviewLotsofscholarsareconcernedaboutdifferentfocuses,diningtools,dinningbehaviorsonfoodculture.Scholarswidelycarriedonresearchesaboutup-mentionedtopics.Forexample,in2019,RenChuangpointedoutthatChinesepeoplepaymoreattentiontotasteoffoodthannutrition.Chinesecuisineattractpeople’seyesbecauseofitsuniqueflavour.Inwesternfoodculture,peoplearemoreconcernedaboutthenutritionoffoodratherthanthecolor,aromaandtaste(任闖,2019).In2017,YuanZhiyingthinkstheuseofchopsticksismoresuitableforthecharacteristicsofChinesefood,whichisusuallymadeintosmallshapessuchascubes,andslices.Inthewesterncountries,theirwidelyuseofknifeandforkdependsonitsdietstructure.Themeatfoodisverytough,anditisnoteasytomakeitintoasmallshape(元志英,2017),theyneedtouseknifeandforktocutthemeatwheneating,andthestaplefoodisusuallyabigpieceofbread,peopleoftenhavetheirbreadwithhands.In2007,JiangYanindicatesthatmanywesternpeoplemaketheirlivingbyfishingandgathering,supplementedbyplants,becausetheylivewithfishing,huntingandgathering.Theyusuallyeatmeatandfish(蔣艷,2007).InChina,agricultureisparticularlydevelopedduetoitsuniquemonsoonclimateandfertilesoilbesidelargeriver.Therefore,therawmaterialsofChinesecuisineareplantsandfreshvegetables.Manylearnerstrytotakeagriculture,value,andreligiousfactorsintoconsiderationtounderstandthereasonsforfoodculturedifference.Thefirstfactorisconcernedaboutgeographyandagriculture,thefollowingarecultureandvalueelements.In,2013,YinYahuipointsoutthatChinesefoodhasbeendominatedbygrainssinceQindynasty.Thedietarycustomsofthewesternpeoplestemfromthenomadicandseafaringlife,whichhasbeenbasedonthefishingandhuntingsinceancienttimes,somostwesternersliketoeatmeat(伊亞輝,2013).In2017,ZhuFengbingpointedoutthattheChinesepeoplehavealwayslovedpeaceandvaluedpeace,therefore,peopleusuallyaroundandeattogether.Westernershasadventurousandenterprisingspiritwhicheventuallyformedtheirindependentnationalcharacter.Astheresult,westernpeopleimplementtheindividualserving(朱風(fēng)兵,2017).In2013,WangNapointedoutthatmanyChineseBuddhismfollowerswhobelieveinthedoctrineof“nokilling”,somostofthemarevegetarian.Ontheotherhand,Christianityiswidelybelievedinwesterncountries.TheChristianitydoctrinedon’tforbidtheirpeopletoeatmeatexpectfasting(王娜,2013).Recently,therearemanystudiestalkingaboutthefooddifferencesbetweenChinaandwesterncountries.Mostofthemonlytalkaboutthedifferencesoffoodcultureorthereasonswithoutcombingtwofactstogether.Manyfactorsarefrequentlymentionedbymoststudies.Forexample,someofthemostbasicfactorsinthestudyofthereasonsofChinaandthewesternculturaldifferenceincludenature,geography,humanityandthebasicfactorsinthestudyoffoodculturedifferencesincludedietarybehavior,processforms,dietaryconceptandthestructureofdietary.However,fewofthemunifythesedifferencesandthecausesofthesedifferencesseriouslyandcarefully,whichmakespeoplefeelsomesenseoffragmentationduringtheprocessoflearningChinaandthewesterncountries’culturaldifferences.DifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternFoodCulture3.1DifferenceinFocusBetweenChineseandtheWesternTheprocessofmakingChinesecuisineisverycomplicatedbecauseofexcessivepursuitofdeliciousfood,Intheprocessofconstantlypursuing“gourmetfood”,Chinahasproducedmanystylesofcookingandsophisticatedcookingtechniques.However,itgraduallyoverlookedthebalancedbetweendietandnutrition.ThisshowsthattheChinesepeople’sperceptionoffoodismoreemotional(管一博,2011).Chinesepeoplealwaysregard“beauty”astheirpursuit,itisjustlikewhattheycalltheirfood“beautyfood”inChineseculture,thepursuitof“taste”isoftengreaterthanthepursuitof“nutrition”.Whenpeoplearetastingdishes,theyoftensaythatthisdishis“delicious”andthatdishis“notdelicious”.Therefore,Chinesepeoplealwaystrytomaketheircuisineperfectlytosatisfytheirobsessedpursuitofthecolor,fragrance,andtasteoffood.However,iftheywereaskedwhatis“tasty”andhow“tasty”itis,itisclearlythattheycan’tsurelyfigureoutwhatkindofflavourareshownontheirdishes.Therefore,theChinesearepursuinganunspeakableartisticconception.Thatistosay,itisstilldifficulttocoverallitsmeaningsbyusingthecolor,fragrance,taste,shape,andutensilsthatpeoplecommonlycall.Generallyspeaking,westernpeopleholdarationaldiet.Westernersparticularlycareabouthowmanycalories,vitamins,proteintheyneedtotakein.Westernerstendtoeatupthefoodontheirplatebecauseofitsnutrition.Modernwesternscientificcivilizationhasagreatinfluenceoneatingconventions.Westerndevelopedscienceadvocatestoanalyzetheproportionofvariouselementswhichwascontainedinfooddetailedly.Whenwesternersthinkaboutdiet,theyfirsttalkaboutnutritionandhowmuchenergythatcanproduce.Aslongasithasagoodeffectonthebody,othersideeffectswillnotbeenoughtobeconcerned.NutritionisthestartingpointandfocusofWesterners’treatmentoffood.Thisconceptiscompatiblewiththeentirewesternphilosophicalsystem.Therefore,reasonandscientificityarethemainfeatureofwesternphilosophy.Inotherwords,Westernerspayattentiontotheintrinsicvalueoffood,andtheydon’tcaretoomuchaboutthetastesandformsandcuisinestyle.3.2DifferencesinFoodStructureBetweenChineseandtheWesternChinahasvastlandandvastresources,anddiverseclimaticconditionswithalonghistory.SincetheQindynasty,theChinesehavebeenmainlyeatinggrainwithalittlemeat.Accordingtotheinvestigationofwesternbotanists,vegetableshavealwaysoccupiedanimportantpositionintheChinesediet.TodaytheChinalandhaveplantedmorethan600kindsofvegetables,whichissixtimesmorethanthatofWesterners.Besides,withthegrowingofpopularity,havingvegetablehasbecameaeconomicwayofliving,meatfoodcanonlybeseenonpowerfulfamilies’dinningtable(Kolesnykova,2012).Therefore,inChinesepeople’sdinningtable,variouskindsoffreshvegetablesarecommon.ThisisthereasonwhyChinesehavebeencalled“vegetarian”sinceancienttimes.Chinesepeopleprefertocookhotfoodthancoolfood,andthestaplefoodarealwayshot;theyalsothinkthatoncethedishesbecomecold,theylosetheiroriginalflavor,whichiswhattheyalwaysadvocate:“Onehotdishbetterthanthreefreshdishes”(王佳,2011).Westernershavelongbeenconsideredtobecarnivores.Mostofthemgetusedtoeatingmeatfood,includebeef,mutton,pork.Atthesametime,theylovecoldfood,andtherearealwayssaladsandcoldmealsonthetable.Inaddition,westernerstendtoeatrawvegetables,suchascucumbers,tomatoesandvegetables,becausetheybelievethatheatingdirectlydamagesthenutrientscontainedinvegetables.3.3DifferencesinFoodProcessingFormsBetweenChineseandtheWesternIntermsoffoodprocessingmethods,Chinesepeoplehavealwaysregardedcookingasanart,andhavecreatedmanycookingmethods,suchassteaming,cooking,braising,stewing,roasting,exploding,roasting,frying,mixing,braising(熊欣,2013).Also,thereareavarietyofinitialprocessingwaysofrawmaterialsmethodssuchasslices,blocks,sticks,dices,rolls,segments,end,andjuice.Theproducingstylesarealsodiversified.Atthesametime,iftheproductionmethodhasslightdifference,thefinalcuisineproductswillbetotallydifferent.Butwesternpeoplepayalmostalltheattentiontowhethertheingredientsofthefoodaresufficientfornutritionalstandards,andtheyshowlittlecareaboutthetype,styleandcraftwaysofthefood.Theentirecookingprocessismadeaccordingtothescientificstandards(ZhangShiyang,2018).Themainingredientandseasoningsarerequiredtobeveryaccuratetothegrams,thecookingtimeisrequiredtobeaccuratetoseconds,andtheinitialprocessingofrawmaterialsisonlyafewsimpleways,suchasslices,pieces.Astothewayofcooking,thereareonlyafewcuisinestyle,suchasfrying,roasting.Intermsoffood,whenwesternersintroducetheirownfoodcharacteristics,theywillemphasizethattheypaymoreattentiontoreasonablecollocationandhavedevelopedfoodindustry,suchascannedfood,fastfoodandsoon(袁林,2018).thiskindoffoodsavestimeandisnutritious,butthetasteisalwaysasdryasachip.3.4DifferencesinDiningBehaviorsBetweenChineseandtheWesternInChina,peopleoftenliketogettogethertocreatealivelyatmosphere.theyalwayspreparequantitiesofdisheswhichtastedelicious,theroundtablewillbechosenasthebanquettable.Chinesepeoplealwayssitatthetableandeatthefoodwhichispreparedonthesameplate,andwineisanimportantdrinktocreateabanquetatmosphere.Sometimesinordertoshowrespect,Chinesepeopleliketotoastandservedishestoeachother.Whenwesternerseat,theyfocusmoreonthemeal-sharingsystem.Theyliketoenjoyitaloneandquietlytoenjoythefoodthemselves.Atwesternbanquets,westernersgatheraroundalongtabletoeattheirownfood.Everyone’sfoodwasdistributedinadvance.Therearebeef,lamb,andporkdishespreparingbyhostandtheownerdoesnotdeliberatelyservedishesforguests(龐瑛,2011).Chinesepeopleliketousethetraditionaleightimmortalstableinthefamilybanquet.BecauseChinaisthenorthhemispherecountrywhichisrespectfornorth,theirhouseliesinnorthandfacesouth,theseatfacingthedoorcanseethenorthsky.Therefore,theseatfacingthedoorisupperseat,theimportantguestsoftensitsonthatseatwhilethetwosidesfortheinferiorpeople,thebackdoorforthelowgradeseat.Whiledinning,theelderlyandseniorpeoplesitatthetopofthetabletoshowtheirrespecttotheyoungmemberofthefamily.Westernersbelievethatrightsareequal.Theyoftensitaroundacommontable,withmenandwomenoneitherside.Menareaskedtopullthechairforthewomanontheirrighttoshowrespectforthewoman.3.5SummaryInaword,thedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternfoodcultureismanifestedinvariousaspects.Intermsofdietarystructure,vegetablesaremorelikelytobeseenonChinesepeople’srecipe;Westernersareusedtoeatingmeat.Intheaspectofdiet,Chinesepeoplearemoreemotionalaboutfood,whilewesternersaremorerationalaboutfood.Fromtheperspectiveoffoodprocessingforms,theChinesehavecreatedavarietyofdishesandcuisinemethodstomaketheirfoodwithbettertasteandaroma.Westernersgenerallyuseasimplerwaytohandlefoodmaterialtokeeptheirfoodwithoriginalflavourandnutrition.Asfortheangleofdinningbehavior,Chinesepeople’sperformanceatdinnerisquitedifferentfromwesterners.Chineseimplementsyssitiasystem,theygatheraroundandcreatealivelyatmosphere,whilewesternersaregettingusedtodinningwithaquietersituationwithindividualservingsystem.TheReasonofChineseandWesternFoodCultureDifference4.1AgricultureStructure Climateresourcesareoneofthemostimportantcomponentsofnaturalresources,whichprovidepeoplewithlight,heat,air,waterandotherenergyandmaterials.ThedifferencesinclimateresourcesbetweenChinaandthewesternworldleadtodifferentconditionsforagriculture,anddifferentcropsandlivestockandpoultry,sothecompositionoffoodstructurebetweenChinaandthewestisverydisparate.ChinaislocatedintheeasternpartoftheEurasiancontinentandthewesterncoastofthePacific.ThemonsoonclimateisusuallyseenandtherearefourdistinctiveseasonsinChina.Therefore,theplantationindustryoccupiesadominantpositionintheagriculturalstructure,andtheproportionofforestryandfishingindustriesisverysmall.WheatandcornismainlyplantedinthenorthofQinlin-Huaiheline,whilericeiswidelyplantedinthesouth(朱風(fēng)兵,2014).Asaresult,Chinesepeople’sstaplefoodisriceandpasta.ThisagriculturalstructurehascultivatedChinesepeople’svegetariandietpreferences.TheeastandwestoftheUnitedStatesareclosetothesea,andthewarmandwetaircurrentsbringabundantprecipitationtomostofthelandintheUnitedStates,whichissuitableforthegrowthofgrass.ThewesternpartofEuropeisdominatedbywesterlywinds(Net1),whichareprevailingalltheyearround,withheavyrainfallanddenserainyweather,whichissuitableforthegrowthofsucculentherbage,especiallysuitableforthedevelopmentofanimalhusbandry.TheeasternpartofEuropehasatemperatecontinentalclimate,withinsufficientheatforwheatandpasture.Asaresult,theanimalhusbandryinthewesternishighlydeveloped.Itiseconomictogetmeatfoodratherthanwheatorrice,untilnow,westerners’staplefoodismeat.4.2ReligiousBeliefThethreemainreligions“Confucianism”,“Ru”and“Taoism”havealwaysbeenthemainstreamideologyinancientChina,andthedoctrinesandthoughtsadvocatedbythesethreereligionshaveplayedacrucialroleinguidingthefoodstructureofChinesepeople(元志英,2017).BuddhistandTaoistpractitionerstendtoavoideatingmeat.Itistabooforthesefaithfulbelievertoeatmeatorfish.Onthecontrary,thetruthisthatwhentheBuddhismwasfirstintroducedintoChinaatthebeginning,Buddhistsareallowedtoeatmeat.UntilNorthernandSoutherndynastiesemperor,Wuadvocatesvegetarianism,andbannedBuddhismmonkseatinganimalproducts.Hebelievedthatamonkwithfaithcouldnoteatmeat.Afterthat,Buddhistmonksgraduallyacceptedthiskindofpointofview.ThebelieversareverydevouttowardBuddha.Whentheyseethatthemonksnolongereatmeat,theynaturallythinkthateatingmeatisevil,sotheywillfollowtheexampleofmonksandpromotevegetarianism.Overtime,people’seatinghabitsgraduallyturnedtovegetarianism.Taoismadvocatesharmonybetweenmanandnatureandattachesgreatimportancetohealthpreservation.Fromtheperspectiveofhealthpreservation,theybelievethatmeatisnotconducivetohealthpreservationandiscontrarytothewayofhealthpreservation.SothefollowersofTaoismgraduallygaveupeatingmeat.Confucianismistomanagetheworldwithbenevolenceandrighteousness(焦體霞,2013),theyalwaysbeartheheartofbenevolenceanddon’tkillanimalsatwillwhichalsochangedthedietstructureofChinesepeopletosomeextent.Christianityhasaconventionwhichrequirespeoplekeepawayfrommeatandwine.Sinceforthtofifthcentury,Christianitygraduallyestablishedtheabstinencesystem.Generallyspeaking,peoplecan’teatanythingduringabstinenceperiodincludinganimalproductandanymeat,suchaspork,milk,fish,etc.Womenandworkerscanbefreefromabstinence.Therefore,thepurposeofChristianfastingdon’tconsiderthatmeatproductswillharmthehealthofthebody,buttoachievetheeffectofpracticeChristianandcherishingfoodthroughabstinence.Later,bythe15thcentury,manyplacesalloweddairyproductstobeeatenduringabstinence.Bythe16thcentury,richpeoplecouldevenpaytoexemptfromabstinence.Finally,in1960,fastingwasofficiallyabolished(周惠民,2016).Asamatteroffact,inthewesterndiet,meat,eggandmilkfishareneverbanned,onlyatacertaintimetoachievetheeffectofthepracticeofabstinence.Therefore,westernpeopleneverfeeltabootowardfoodwhichareproducedbyanimalmeat.4.3CulturesandValuesChina’straditionalculturebeganintheYellowRivervalley,whenallthewisemenofthepre-Qindynastywhoarguedwitheachotherandtrytofindanidealsocialsystemtomakethesocietyharmony.Therefore,theChinesevaluefocusonpeace.Thereisanoldsaying,“harmonyinthehomeleadstoprosperityineverything.”Therefore,Chinesepeoplepayspecialattentiontothemaintenanceoffamilyrelations,sothereisasayingthat“thecountryisthebigfamily,thefamilyisasmallunit,thebettercountriesmakethebetterfamily”.Sincemostbanquetsareattendedbyfamilymembers,ithasbecomeanimportantmeanstomaintainfamilyrelations.Asaresult,thebanquetgenerallypresentsakindofnoisyatmosphere,manypeopletoasttoeachothertoshowrespect.Familymembersaregenerallycomposedofpeoplewhoisindifferentpositions.Asaresult,Chinesepeopleoftenclassifydifferentpositionsaccordingtotheirstatus.“Sensibilityandrationalitycoverawiderangeofcontents.Inthefirstchapter,wedefinesensibilityasperceptualdesireandperceptualability.”(陳鶴琳,2003:29).duetotheinfluenceofpragmatism,theChinesepeoplehavebeenpursuingrealityforalongtime,andaseriesofinventionsinancientChinaaredevotedtopracticaluses.Theyrelativelylackofscientificspirit.IntheMingdynasty,WangYangmingoncestaredatbambooforthreedaysuntilhecollapsed,butfailedtolearnanythingaboutit.ItcanbeseenthattheancientChinesepeoplelackedscientificmeanstoexploretheworldandoftenperceivedtheworldinaperceptualway.Intheaspectofdiet,theChinesepeoplehopetoreconciledeliciousfoodfromtheperceptualperspective,whichresultsinthevarietyofChinesedishesandthecomplexcookingmethods.ThenarrowsenseofwesterncultureonlyreferstoEuropeanculture.Greekcivilizationisoneoftheoldestcivilizationsintheworld.ItscultureissourcefromtheAegeanseainthenorthernMediterraneanwithUniqueclimateandgeography.Greek’suniquemethodofproductionanduniquecivilizationwereformedbecauseofitsUniqueclimateandgeography.Inthesenseofculturalorigin,thebirthplaceofwesterncivilizationistheMediterraneanregionofancientGreece.TheMediterraneanisnotrichinnaturalresources,andifpeopledonotmakeeffortstoexplorenature,theirlifewillbeverytightanddifficult.Therefore,inordertoobtainresourcesfromnatureasmuchaspossible,westerncivilizationhasauniquespiritofadventure.Inordertoacquiremoreresourcesfromthenature,peoplehavebeencontinuallyexploringthelivingmethodswhichpromotethebirthofnaturalscience.westernerspaidspecialattentiontothedevelopmentofrationalthinking,whichbecameatypicalfeatureofwesternculture.Intheprocessofexploringnature,Reasonistoconductcalmanalysisthinking,andrigorouslogicalreasoningandtrytoactinaccordancewiththelawsofnature.Intheprocessofunderstandingnature,peoplealsoconstantlyknowthemselves.Anothermaincharacteristicofwesterncultureistotakeindividualassocialstandard,theytakeself-centeredasanimportantprinciple,andpayattentiontopersonaldignity.Thereisacleardivisionofinterestsamongallpeople,everyonehashisownlivingspace,theyusuallydon’tliketointerveneotherpeople’slife,Westerncultureisstillakindof“sinculture”,itfollowstheChristianoriginalsintheory,itbelievesthatthehumannatureistoseekadvantagesandavoidtheevilofhumannature.Christianityteachesthatmanisbornsinful.Thisseemstocontradictthehuman-centeredview,butinfactthereisnoparadox.Theformercallsforenterpriseandadventure,whilethelattercallsforlearningtorespectnatureandnottobearrogantly.5.ConclusionTosumup,inthelonghistoryofdevelopmentofthefoodculture,thereareenormousdifferencesexitingbetweenChineseandwesternculturesystem.TheChinesepeopleregardpeaceasanimportantthing,whileWesternersvalueadventureandfreedom.Asaresult,Chinesepeoplegatheraroundandimplementgroupeddiningsystem,whilewesternerscarryoutindividualservingsystem.Inaddition,becausetherearegreatdifferencesinreligiousthoughtsandnaturalgeographicalfeatures.WesternersliketoeatmeatwhileChineseprefertoeatgrainsandvegetables.Besides,Chinesepeopleprefertotreatfoodwithsensibilityfeelingswhilewesternerslookuponfoodassomekindofnutrition,whichshowstheirreasonfeelingtowardfood.Thesekindofthoughtsstemfromtheirowncultureandvaluedifferences.Chinesepeoplealwayssay“foodisthefirstnecessityofpeople”,whichillustratesthefoodoccupiesanimportantpositionintheordinarypeople’s