《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（一）》課件-【思政課件】Four Great Inventions

FourGreatInventions四大發(fā)明學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.了解古代的四大發(fā)明2.體會(huì)四大發(fā)明帶給世界的影響第一部分了解古代四大發(fā)明PartOne:UnderstandingthefourGreatinventionsofancienttimesTheinventionofmovable-typeprintingisagreattechnologicalrevolutioninthehistoryofprinting.Themethodofmovabletypeprintingistomaketheyang-weninversemodelofasinglecharacter,thenselectthesinglecharacteraccordingtothemanuscript,arrangeitinthefontplate,inkprinting,andthenremovethemodelafterprinting,andleaveittobeusedagaininthenextprinting.活字印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明是印刷史上一次偉大的技術(shù)革命?；钭钟∷⒌姆椒ㄊ窍戎瞥蓡巫值年?yáng)文反文字模，然后按照稿件把單字挑選出來，排列在字盤內(nèi)，涂墨印刷，印完后再將字模拆出，留待下次排印時(shí)再次使用?；钭钟∷⑿g(shù)司南PapermakingisoneofthefourgreatinventionsofChina.IntheWesternHanDynasty,peoplealreadyknewthebasicmethodofmakingpaper.IntheEasternHanDynasty,theeunuchCAILunsummeduptheexperienceofhispredecessors,improvedthepapermakingprocess,andusedplantfiberssuchasbark,hemphead,ragsandoldfishnetasrawmaterialstomakepaper.Thequalityofpaperwasgreatlyimproved.Thispapermaterialiseasytofind,cheapandeasytopromote.Sincethen,theuseofpaperhasbecomemoreandmorecommon.Papergraduallyreplacedsilkandbecameawidelyusedwritingmaterial,whichalsofacilitatedthecirculationofclassicalbooks.造紙術(shù)，是中國(guó)四大發(fā)明之一。西漢時(shí)期，人們已經(jīng)懂得了造紙的基本方法。東漢時(shí)，宦官蔡倫總結(jié)前人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，改進(jìn)造紙工藝，用樹皮、麻頭、破布、舊魚網(wǎng)等植物纖維為原料造紙，紙的質(zhì)量大大提高。這種紙?jiān)弦渍?，價(jià)格便宜，易于推廣。此后紙的使用日益普遍，紙逐漸取代簡(jiǎn)帛，成為人們廣泛使用的書寫材料，也便利了典籍的流傳?；鹚?，又被稱為黑火藥，由硝酸鉀、木炭和硫磺機(jī)械混合而成。是在適當(dāng)?shù)耐饨缒芰孔饔孟?，自身能進(jìn)行迅速而有規(guī)律的燃燒，同時(shí)生成大量高溫燃?xì)獾奈镔|(zhì)。Gunpowder,alsoknownasblackpowder,isamechanicalmixtureofpotassiumnitrate,charcoal,andsulfur.Undertheactionofappropriateexternalenergy,itcancarryoutrapidandregularcombustionandgeneratealargenumberofhigh-tempe