2024屆河南省許昌市禹州高級中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期11月月考英語及答案

禹州高中菁華校區(qū)第二次階段性考試英語試卷第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheBestUSNationalParksYou’veNeverHeardofDryTortugasNationalParkLocated70mileswestofKeyWest,thisgroupofsevenislandsisagreatdestinationtoenjoysomeofFlorida’snature.Theislandsarecomposedofcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andsand,andtheyarefamousforthebirdsandsealife.TouristscanalsoenjoyFortJefferson,whichdatesbacktothe19thcentury.TheodoreRooseveltNationalParkTheodoreRooseveltNationalParkisdividedintotwounits,anorthernunitandasouthernunit.Betweenthetwosections,thisparkgivestouriststheopportunitytoexperiencesomeofNorthDakota’suniquescenery,includingtheBadlands,canyons(峽谷)andmore.Thehikingtrails(小徑)allowtouriststoseesomeofthiscountry’snaturalwondersandamazingwildlife.IsleRoyaleNationalParkIsleRoyaleisoneofthespecialparksintheUS.Theislandisonlyaccessiblebyboat.Oncethere,youcanenjoytheuniquewildernessthathasbeenprotectedinaspecialway.Theislandhasabeautifulcoastthatcanbeexploredbyboat.Youcanalsoexploretheislandbyhikingitsmanytrails.Anotheruniquefeatureoftheislandistheshipsthathavebeendestroyedatsea.GuadalupeMountainsNationalParkGuadalupeMountainsNationalParkextendsfromthelowdeserttothehighmountains.Touriststothisparkcanenjoyover80milesoftrailsthroughoutthepark,whichtravelthroughcanyons,woodlands,springs,mountainouswildernessandmore.ItisalsohometotheSaltBasinDunes,whichareanamazingwindsweptlandscape.21.WhatcantouristsdoinTheodoreRooseveltNationalPark?A.WalkalongthehikingtrailsC.EnjoytheSaltBasinDunes.B.Admirecoralreefs.D.SeeFortJefferson.22.HowcantouristsreachIsleRoyaleNationalPark?A.Bytrain.B.Bycar.C.Bywater.D.Byair.23.Whichofthefollowingfeaturesthewindsweptlandscape?A.IsleRoyaleNationalPark.B.DryTortugasNationalPark.C.TheodoreRooseveltNationalPark.D.GuadalupeMountainsNationalPark.BIenjoythrowingstuffaway.I’dlovetogofullminimalism(極簡主義),butmywifeandtwoteenagekidsdonotsharemydreamofahousewithalmostnothinginit.Ihavetried.Whenthekidswerelittle,Itaughtthemmytwofavoritegames—“DoWeNeedIt?”and“PutItinItsPlace”—andmadethemplayeveryfewmonths.Theirenthusiasmnevermatchedmine.IfI’mgoingtobehonest,myowntidyingskillsarenotasgreatasI’dlike.My“discardedpileisneverquitethetrashmountainIwantbecauseImakeupexcusesforwhythingsareuseful.Iconsiderthisunhealthy.Iwanttobebetteratmovingon.So,thistimeIfoundhelp—theclassicsforpeoplelikeme:TheLife-ChangingMagicofTidyingUp,byMagicKondo.Kondo’scommitmenttohercraftisastonishing.Herphilosophyisonlytokeepthingsyoulove.CanIgofullKondo?Iwilltry.Onecentralideaistocleanbycategory.Youstartbycollectingallclothesandgatheringthemtogetherforconsideration.Itmakesyourethinkhowyouorganize.Next,holdeachitemandaskifitbringsyoujoy.Thiswayyou’rechoosingwhattokeep.Andthat’showIfindmyselfwithallmyclothesonmybedroomfloor.MywifewalksbyandgivesmealookthatsaysI’mnuts.She’sprobablynotwrong.Somewherenearthebottomofthischaosismyspecialjacket.Imovethroughthepile:pants,shirts,suitsandshoes.Thenmylastcategory:jackets.Ihaven’twornitinabout30years.Somehow,ithassurvived.Now,hasitstimecome?Iholditinmyhand.ThereisatearjustbelowthecollarthatwidensasIholdit.It’sliterallyfallingapart.WillIeverwearitagain?Notachance.Doesitfeelgoodtowear?Doesitbringmejoy?Actually,yes.Atthismoment,mydaughterwalksin.Sheasksaboutthejacket.Itellherthestory.ShethinksIshouldkeepit.It’scoolanduniqueandfullofmemories.Sheisarguingthatnostalgia(懷念)istheveryreason.I’mnotentirelyconvincedbymydaughter’sarguments.Ibelieveinlookingahead,notbackward.Nevertheless,sometimesit’shardtoletgo.SoIgentlyplacethejacketonthe“keep”pile.24.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sfamilymembersfromParagraph1?A.Theycan’ttoleratewhattheauthorinsistson.B.Theyarelesspassionateaboutfullminimalism.C.Theyarestronglyopposedtofullminimalism.D.Theycompletelysupportwhattheauthordoes.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”probablymeaninParagraph2?A.abandonedB.disposableC.organizedD.classified26.WhatdrivestheauthortoreadTheLife-ChangingMagicofTidyingUp?A.Tolearnhowtocategorize.B.Todevelopapassionforminimalism.C.Topersuadehisfamilymembers.D.Toimprovehistidyingskills.27.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofcategorizingskills.B.ThechangesbroughtbyminimalismC.Theauthor’seffortstogominimalismD.AninspirationgotfromthebookCWhenrainsfellintheAtacamaDesertforthefirsttimeincenturies,scientistshadexpectedtoseelifeblossom(繁盛).Instead,almosteverythingdied.TheshockingdiscoverywaspublishedinthejournalScientificReports.FoundinnorthernChile,thedrycoreoftheAtacamaDeserthadn’texperiencedrainforthepast500years.Butthreeyearsago,rainstartedtofallonceagainintheregion.AchangingclimateinthePacificOceanresultedinthedesert’sdrycoreexperiencingrainonMarch25andAugust9,2015,anditrainedagainonJune7,2017.Therewasnoevidenceofraininthisregionforthepast500years,althoughclimatemodelssuggesteditshouldoccureverycentury.Theinternationalteamofscientistswhostudiedtheregionwerehopingfordesertsspringingtolife.“Instead,welearnedthecontrary,aswefoundthatraininthedrycoreoftheAtacamaDesertcausedamassiveextinctionofmostnativemicrobe(微生物)speciesthere,”saidstudyco-authorAlbertoFairén.Beforetherainfell,thisregionoftheAtacamahadbeenhometo16differentancientmicrobespecies.Butaftertherainfell,justtwotofourspecieswerestillfoundtobesurvivingintheresultantpoolofwater.Thecauseoftheextinctionevent,believedtohavebeenabout85percentoflifeinthesoil,wascausedbythesuddeninfluxofwater.Inparticular,thesemicrobeswereadaptedtosurviveinextremedryness.Theywereunabletoadaptquicklyenoughtotheunexpectedrainfall.Butit’snotallbadnews..Theteamalsofoundnitrates(硝酸鹽)intheAtacamaDesertthatwereindicativeofalengthydryperiod,whilealsoactingasfoodforthemicrobes.Andwe’verecentlyfoundnitratesonMars,whichcouldbeindicatingasimilarprocessthere.28.HowdidthescientistsfindtheirdiscoveryaccordingtoAlbertoFairén?A.Satisfying.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“influx”inparagraph4mean?A.Shortage.B.Need.C.Arrival.30.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?B.Astonishing.C.Amusing.D.Comforting.D.Test.A.Theresultantpoolofwaterwasawildlifehabitat.B.Theteamplanstoturnthedesertintoagreenland.CScientistshaveobservedlotsofmicrobesonMars.D.Thefindingbroughtsomehopetorelevantstudies.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.UnexpectedRainfallsHitaDesertBadlyB.AScienceMagazineIncreasedinPopularityC.ScientistsUnlockedtheSecretbehindDroughtD.ABreakthroughOccurredinSpaceExplorationDInthelate1990s,ascientistnamedMarkBlumbergstoodinalabattheUniversityoflowawatchingafewsleepingnewlybornrats.Hefoundthatthebabyratskeptmakingsmall,sharpmovementsintheirsleep,andthattheirclosedeyesmovedfromsidetosideinaphenomenonknownasrapideyemovement(REM).Blumbergknewthattheratswerefine,becauseheknewpeopledothesameduringREMsleep.Andscientistshavelonghadanexplanationforthetwitches(抽動)andREM:Theyaredreamingabouttheirwakinglife.However,ashedugdeeper,hewonderedwhyadultratsspendonlyabouttwohoursofeachnightinREMsleep,whilebabyratsspendanunusualamountoftimeinREM,oftensleepingforsixteenhoursadayanddreamingforeight.“Ifdreamsarehintsofwakinglife,adultratswhohavemoreexperiencesshouldspendmoretimeinREMsleep.Whydobabyrats,whoseeyesarestillshut,spendsomuchtimeinREMsleepwhentheyhavetoolittletodreamabout?”hewondered.“Whydotheireyes,theirlegs,tailsandwhiskersmovehundredsofthousandsoftimesduringtheirsleep?”Intheend,Blumbergconcludedthatitmightbetheotherwayaround—perhapsthemovementsweresendingsignalstothebraintohelpitlearnaboutthebody.“Youwouldn’tthinkthatthebodyissomethingabrainneedstolearn,”hewroteinapaper.“Butwearen’tbornwithmapsofourbodies.Wecan’tbe,becauseourbodieschangebytheday.Butinwakinglife,wecannotmoveonlyasinglemuscle.Eventhesimplestactofswallowing(吞咽)employsmorethanthirtypairsofnervesandmusclesworkingtogether.Oursmallandsharpmovementsinsleep,bycontrast,areexactandprecise:Theyinvolvemusclesoneatatime.Inotherwords,suchmovementsallowthemusclesandnervestoformone-to-oneconnectionsthatotherwisewouldbeimpossible.It’saprocessthat’smostimportantforthebraintolearnaboutthebodyaswegrow,sufferinjuriesandlearnnewskills.32.WhatwasthepreviousexplanationforREM?A.Itwasjustanoutwardsignofdreams.B.Itshowedthedifficultyinsleeping.C.Itwasanindicatorofterribledreams.D.Itonlyoccuredtosleepingbabyrats.33.Whatcanbeleanedfromparagraph2?A.BabyratshavetospendallnightinREMsleepB.REMsleepjustaccountsforpartofthesleepingtime.C.Itisunnecessaryforbabyratstosleep16hoursaday.D.ItisnotenoughforadultstohavetwohoursofREMsleep.34.WhatisafeatureofthemovementsinREMsleepaccordingtoMarkBlumberg?A.Theyteachthebrainnewskillsandhealinjuries.B.Muscleshavetoworktogethertostartthemovements.C.Eachofthemjustinvolvesamuscleandanerveatatime.D.Theyarelessexactandprecisethanourdailymovements.35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheimportanceofREMsleep.B.ThelatestdiscoveriesaboutdreamingC.Therelationshipbetweendreamsandwakinglife.D.Adifferentexplanationforthetwitchesduringsleep.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。FiveWaystoFeelMoreEnergizedHerearefivetriedandtruewaystofeelmoreenergizednaturally.36Whileitseemsobviousthatyouaretired,youneedtosleepmore.However,stayinguplateisextremelycommonintheUS.Infact,morethanathirdofAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.It’srecommendedthatadultsaged18—60getatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight.Stayhydrated(補(bǔ)水).Beingdehydratedcanmakeyoufeelsleepy.37.Drinkingwaterissoimportantthatyoumaywanttoinvestinasmartwaterbottletoremindyoutokeepdrinking.Limitsugarandsticktohealthyfood.Whenyoufeeltired,yourfirstreactionistoreachforasweetsnackordrink.Sugaryfoodsleadtoanincreaseinbloodsugarthatcausesyourbodytoreleasealargeamountofinsulin(胰島素).38.It’smuchbettertoturntohealthyfoodlikewholegrainbiscuitstokeepyourenergyup.Getmovingeveryday.Youmaythinkthatexercisingisthelastthingyouwanttodowhenyouaretired.39That’sbecauseexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanhelpyoufighttiredness.Insteadofsittingduringyourlunch,takeawalkoutdoors.Takeapowernap(小睡).Ifyouneedit,takeaquickpowernap.Napscanbebigproductivityboostersanddonothavetotakealongtime.Takinga20-minutenapcanhelpyougettheenergyyouneedfortherestoftheday.40.A.Adjustyourbedtime.B.Getupearlyeverymorning.C.Thatway,yourmoodgraduallylightens.D.Theresultisthatyoufeelevenmoretired.E.However,itcanactuallybethebestthingyoucando.F.Soturnoffthecomputerandrestyourbodyandmind.G.Itiscriticaltodrinkmorewater,especiallyinsummer.第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中遠(yuǎn)出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thisweek,IwillhikealongtheAppalachianTrailalonetolookforwhatcanbehardtofindinthecity:solitude(獨處).InthecitiesandmountainsisthesecretIfindthattheFormanypeople,theideaofbeingaloneinmountainscanbesocialanimals.Butbeinginthewildwithoutothersdoesn’tmeanbeing41Icanfindplacestobealone,butitismuchhardertofindtruesolitude.The42between43comforts.44.It’sunderstandablebecauseweare,46.Infactitcanbequitethe4547:Lifeistherealready.Therearethebirdcallsintheairandfrogscrossingthetrail.Andthereismore.Whenyoucometoa(n)48wherethesunlightmakesittotheforestfloor,youcansometimescatchahintofsomething.Idon’tknowwhattocallit.Wordssongoftheworld’sownpresence.49.Butitfeelssomethinglikearootora(n)50Ifthatmomentisjustbetweenyouandthewildworld,thenyouarewhatHenryDavidThoreaumeantwhenhesaid,“Ineverfoundthe5153indeed.Thatiswhenyou.canthatwassocompanionableas52solitude.”So,asthegreatJohnMuirspendaweekinthewildtowashyour54it:“KeepclosetoNature’sheartonceinawhile,andclimbamountainor55clean.”41.A.mountain42.A.connection43.A.foodB.cityC.airD.seaB.agreementB.friendshipB.amusingB.byaccidentB.aloneC.differenceC.musicD.argumentD.wildernessD.excitingD.bymistakeD.brave44.A.discomforting45.A.bychoice46.A.happy47.A.opposite48.A.apartment49.A.failC.relaxingC.bynatureC.patientC.beautifulC.farmB.falseD.sameB.officeD.clearingD.winB.spreadB.unvoicedB.sadC.matterC.popularC.lucky50.A.sweetD.odd51.A.angryD.frightenedD.understandD.rain52.A.refuse53.A.pondB.forgetC.forgiveC.hunterC.acceptedC.recordB.companionB.deniedB.body54.A.putD.assessedD.spirit55.A.land第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Gulao,awatertowninChina’sJiangmenCity,wasbuiltontidalflats(潮坪地貌)wherefarmersandfishermenpushedthedirtaround56(form)ponds.Inthisarea,landpartswereoftenconnectedbywoodenbridges.57eco-culturaltourismresortbyLUOStudio.ThepressreleasestatesthatitNow,itisbeingturnedinto“maintainstheformofthebasiclocalwatersystem,andparent-childrecreation,andfishingactivities.”58(successful)integratesnatureeducation,“Duringthefishingcivilizationperiod,roadsoftransportation,”statesLUOStudio.“Bridgesneededtobewalkable,whilealsoboatstopassthrough,sotraditionalbridgeconstructiontechniquesinChinaadoptedarches(拱形)tocreatespace.”Archedbridges,sometimes61(call)moonbridges,arehighenoughinthemiddleforboatstogetunder.Butthese62(model)oftenhaverisingstairsupeachsidenottoextendveryfarintothesurroundingfields.LUOStudiohasdesignedthiscoveredarchbridgeoutofwood,63isevidentlycommoninthearea.Theinitialintentionistostrengthenthebridgestructure,64keepthewooddry.Thisprojectalsoinherits(繼承)the59(construct)poorly,sowatersystemsbecamekeyroutes60(ensure)morespaceforconstructionwisdomofancientcoveredbridges.Thecoveredpassageenhancestheoverallstructural(stable)andprotectsthearchedwoodenstructurefromexposuretosunandrain.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）65第一節(jié)（滿分15分）66.假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Allen計劃來你的家鄉(xiāng)旅游，發(fā)郵件向你詢問有關(guān)景點情況。請你回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.推薦景點；2.說明理由；3.表達(dá)期待。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearAllen,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分）67.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。LiketheChristmasbefore,wedidn’tsendChristmascards;wecalledmyfamilyinCanada.GinnyandItalkedtomymom.Wespoketomyunclesandaunts.Ihadn’tseenanyoftheminsevenyearsandGinnyhadn’tmetthemyet,butshehopedtooneday.Thosecallswerecompleted,butIcouldn’trelax.Istillhadonemorecalltomake,andIwasafraid.Ipacedupanddowninsidetheroom.Iwastedtimeatmycomputer.IneededtocallbutIcouldn’t.Fiveyearsago,Ireceivedane-mailfrommybrother.Atthattime,Ibadbeenoutofworkforseveralmonths.Mylifewasverystressful.Mybrother’se-mailwasnothingterriblebutitmademeangry.Iwroteback.AsItyped,myangergrew.Monthsoffrustration(沮喪)flowedintomyunkindresponse.Isaidthingsthatwerenotnice,butIsentthee-mailwithouthesitation.Morethoughtsoccurredtome.Iwroteaseconde-mail.Iscreamedabuseatmybrotherintheemails.Ididn’tcareifIeverbeardfromhimagain.ThenextdayIreceivedanothere-mailfromhim.Ididn’treadit.Ijustdeletedit,andthenIblockedhise-mailaddress.Forfiveyears,hetriedtogetthroughtomebutIignoredhim.Ihadlivedwiththisterribleguilt.Ithoughtaboutcontactinghim,butwasashamedofmyselfforwhatI’dsaid.Itwastimetofixit.Ipickedupthephoneandsteppedoutside.Iwantedprivacy.Ginnydidn’tknowIwascallingmybrother.Itookadeepbreath,blewoutacloudofmybreathintothecoldDecemberair,anddialed(撥號)hisnumber.Evenafterfiveyears,Istillknewitbyheart.Aphonerang3,700milesawayinNovaScotia.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Therewasnoanswer,soIleftavoicemessage.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThenaweekafterIcalled,Ireceivedane-mail._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________禹州高中菁華校區(qū)第二次階段性考試英語試卷答案解析【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了美國的四個國家公園。【21題詳解】TheodoreRooseveltNationalPark一節(jié)“Thehikingtrails(小徑)allowtouriststoseesomeofthiscountry’snaturalwondersandamazingwildlife.(徒步旅行可以讓游客看到這個國家的一些自然奇觀和令人驚嘆的野生動物。)”可知，游客在TheodoreRooseveltNationalPark可以體驗這里的遠(yuǎn)足線路。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)IsleRoyaleNationalPark一節(jié)“Theislandisonlyaccessiblebyboat.(這個島只能乘船到達(dá))”可知，游客只能通過水路到達(dá)IsleRoyaleNationalPark。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GuadalupeMountainsNationalPark一節(jié)“ItisalsohometotheSaltBasinDunes,whichareanamazingwindsweptlandscape.(它也是鹽盆地沙丘的所在地，這是一個令人驚嘆的風(fēng)吹景觀)”可知，GuadalupeMountainsNationalPark有獨特的風(fēng)蝕地貌。故選D?！敬鸢浮?4.B【24題詳解】25.A26.D27.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Ienjoythrowingstuffaway.I’dlovetogofullminimalism(極簡主義),butmywifeandtwokidsdonotsharemydreamofahousewithalmostnothinginit.Ihavetried.Whenthekidswerelittle,Itaughtthemmyfavoritegames—“DoWeNeedIt?”and“PutItinItsPlace”—andmadethemplayeverymonth.Theirenthusiasmnevermatchedmine.(我喜歡扔掉東西。我喜歡完全的極簡主義，但是我的妻子和兩個孩子并不像我——“我們需要它嗎？”和“把它放在它的位置”讓他們每個月都玩。他們的熱情永遠(yuǎn)比不上我。)可以推知，作者的家人對完全極簡主義不太感興趣。故選B?！?5IfI’mgoingtobehonest,myowntidyingskillsarenotasgreatasI’dlike.My“discarded”pile...useful.Iconsiderthisunhealthy.Iwanttobebetteratmovingon.(為這樣不健康。我想更好地繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。)可劃線部分的“discarded意為“廢棄的，andoned的；B.disposable一次性的；C.organized有組織的；D.classified分類的。故選A。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段IfI’mgoingtobehonest,...useful.Iconsiderthisunhealthy.Iwanttobebetteratmovingon.(說實話，我自己的整理技能并沒有我想要的那么好。我的“廢棄”堆從來都不是我想要的)和第三段第一句So,thistimeIfoundhelp—theclassicsforpeoplelikeme:TheLife—ChangingMagicofTidyingUp,byMarieKondo.Kondo’scommitmenttohercraftisastonishing.(所以，這次我找到了幫助——為像我這樣的人準(zhǔn)備的經(jīng)典書籍：)可知，作者之所以讀TheLife–ChangingMagicofTidyingUp這本書是為了提高他自己的整理技能。故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出作者喜歡完全的極簡主義風(fēng)格，并且努力讓家人也融入其中；第努力。故選C?！敬鸢浮?8.B29.C30.D31.A【解析】AtacamaDesert沙漠的核心區(qū)域500科學(xué)家們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雨水并未讓這片不毛之地?zé)òl(fā)生機(jī)，相反，給那里的微生物帶來了滅頂之災(zāi)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenrainsfellintheAtacamaDesertforthefirsttimeincenturies,scientistshadexpectedtoseelifeblossom(繁盛).Instead,almosteverythingdied.TheshockingdiscoverywaspublishedinthejournalScientificReports.()以及第三段“Theinternationalteamofscientistswhostudiedtheregionwerehopingfordesertsspringingtolife.“Instead,welearnedthecontrary,aswefoundthatraininthedrycoreoftheAtacamaDesertcausedamassiveextinctionofmostnativemicrobe(微生物)speciesthere,saidstudyco-authorAlbertoFairén.(研究該地區(qū)的國際科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊希望沙漠能夠生物物種的大規(guī)模滅絕，該研究的合著者阿爾貝托·費爾卡曼說。)可知，科學(xué)家們對他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)感到很吃驚。故選B?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前“Butaftertherainfell,justtwotofourspecieswerestillfoundtobesurvivingintheresultantpoolofwater.(但在降雨之后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)只有兩到四個物種在由此形成的水池中幸存下來。)”及畫線詞后“Inparticular,thesemicrobeswereadaptedtosurviveinextremedryness.Theywereunabletoadaptquicklyenoughtotheunexpectedrainfall.(足夠快地適應(yīng)突如其來的降雨)可推斷，滅絕事件的原因是是由突然涌入的水引起的，畫線詞與Arrival的意思最接近。故選C?！?0“Andwe’verecentlyfoundnitratesonMars,whichcouldbeindicatingasimilarprocessthere.(我們最近在火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)了硝酸鹽，這可能表明火星上也有類似的過程。)”可推斷，在這片沙漠里發(fā)現(xiàn)了硝酸鹽，為相關(guān)科研帶來了些許希望。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenrainsfellintheAtacamaDesertforthefirsttimeincenturies,scientistshadexpectedtoseelifeblossom(繁盛).Instead,almosteverythingdied.TheshockingdiscoverywaspublishedinthejournalScientificReports.()AtacamaDesert沙漠的核心區(qū)域500帶來了滅頂之災(zāi)。故選A?！敬鸢浮?2.A33.B34.C35.DMarkBlumberg抽動及眼球快速轉(zhuǎn)動的不同見解：這些不是做夢的表征，而是在幫助大腦了解身體的各個部位。32.ATheyaredreamingabouttheirwakinglife.”可知，在這之前的解釋是：REM是做夢的表征。33.B推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中所給了總睡眠時間與REM睡眠時間之差可推斷，REM睡眠時間只占總睡眠時間的一部分。“Andscientistshavelonghadanexplanationforthetwitches(抽動)andREM：34.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“oursmallandsharpmovementsinsleep,bycontrast,areexactandprecise:Theyinvolvemusclesoneatatime.可知，這種抽動只牽涉到單一的肌肉與神經(jīng)之間的鏈接。35.D主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是第四段“Intheend,Blumbergconcludedthatitmightbetheotherwayaround—perhapsthemovementsweresendingsignalstothebraintohelpitlearnaboutthebody.”可知，本文主要是介紹了MarkBlumberg在二十世紀(jì)九十年代末，對動物在睡眠時的身體抽動及眼球快速轉(zhuǎn)動的不同見解?！敬鸢浮?6.A37.G38.D39.E40.F【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種保持精力充沛的小妙招?！?6題詳解】設(shè)空處概括本段內(nèi)容，為本段小標(biāo)題，設(shè)空處與下文四個段的首句句式保持一致，即應(yīng)是祈使句。根據(jù)后文“However,stayinguplateisextremelycommonintheUS.Infact,morethanathirdofAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.It’srecommendedthatadultsaged18—60getatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight.(然而，熬夜在美國是非常普遍的。事實上，超過三分之一的美國人睡眠不足。建議18-60歲的成年人每晚至少睡7個小時。)”可知，應(yīng)該調(diào)整自己的睡眠時間，保證足夠的睡眠。A項：Adjustyourbedtime(調(diào)整就寢時間)概括本段內(nèi)容，合乎句意。故選A。【37“Drinkingwaterissoimportantthatyoumaywanttoinvestinasmartwaterbottletoremindyoutokeepdrinking.(喝水是如此重要，你可能想要投資一個智能水瓶來提醒你繼續(xù)喝水。)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為多喝水的重要性，GItiscriticaltodrinkmorewate,especiallyinsummer(多喝水是很重要的，尤其是在夏天)引出后句，話題一致。故選G【38題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Sugaryfoodsleadtoanincreaseinbloodsugarthatcausesyourbodytoreleasealargeamountofinsulin(胰島素)()放大量胰島素的后果，D項：Theresultisthatyoufeelevenmoretired(結(jié)果是你會覺得更累)承接上句，合乎句意。故選D。【39題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Youmaythinkthatexercisingisthelastthingyouwanttodowhenyouaretired.(你可能認(rèn)為當(dāng)你累的時候，鍛煉是你最不想做的事情。)“That’sbecauseexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanhelpyoufighttiredness.Insteadofsittingduringyourlunch,takeawalkoutdoors.(這是因為運動可以釋放荷爾蒙，幫助你對抗疲勞。午餐時不要坐著，到戶外走走吧。)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)指出應(yīng)該進(jìn)行運動來對抗疲勞，且和上句形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，E項：However,itcanactuallybethebestthingyoucando(然而，這實際上可能是你能做的最好的事情)合乎句意，it指代上文的exercising。故選E。【40題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Takinga20-minutenapcanhelpyougettheenergyyouneedfortherestoftheday.(小睡20分鐘可以幫助你獲得一天剩余時間所需的能量)可知，應(yīng)該進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)男菹?，F(xiàn)Soturnoffthecomputerandrestyourbodyandmind(所以關(guān)掉電腦，讓你的身心得到休息)和上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，合乎句意。故選F。【完型填空】41-45BCDAC導(dǎo)語：本文是一篇散文。作者在文中表達(dá)了對野外獨處的向往與感受。41.B根據(jù)空后“Icanfindplacestobealone,butitismuchhardertofindtruesolitude.The____betweencitiesandmountainsis...”可知，作者認(rèn)為在城市(city)里很難找到真正獨處的感覺。46-50BADAB51-55CDBAD42.C43.D44.A他認(rèn)為，城市與山林之間的區(qū)別(difference)在于：荒野(wilderness)可撫慰人心。見上題解析?！癐t’sunderstandablebecauseweare...socialanimals.里就會感到不自在(discomforting)。45.C46.B作者認(rèn)為這是可以理解的，因為本性上講(bynature)人是社會性動物。根據(jù)空后“Lifeistherealready.Therearethebirdcallsintheairandfrogscrossingthetrail.可知，作者認(rèn)為一個人在野外并不意味著孤單一人(alone)。而是相反(opposite)：那里有蟲鳥為伴。47.A48.D見上題解析。根據(jù)上文“Andthereismore.”及空后“wherethesunlightmakesittotheforestfloor...”可知，作者要談的是林間那空靈斑駁的空地(clearing)。49.A50.B51.C52.D根據(jù)空前“Idon’tknowwhattocallit.”可知，那種感覺無法用(fail)文字來表達(dá)。我們只能用心去體味大自然中無聲的(unvoiced)歌。如果此刻只有你和荒野在一起那才是真正的幸運(lucky)。因為，只有那一刻你才能理解(understand)HenryDavidThoreau好的陪伴(companion)”53.B54.A55.D見上題解析?；蚴窍馢ohnMuir說(put)(spirit)”見上題解析?！菊Z法填空】56.toform62.models63.which57.an/the64.and58.successfully65.stability59.wereconstructed60.ensuring61.called【