筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)（綜合）模擬試卷2（共112題）

筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)（綜合）模擬試卷2（共7套）（共112題）筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)（綜合）模擬試卷第1套一、英譯漢(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)1、Theself-drivingcarisn’tasfaroffasyoumightthink.Whatonceexistedonlyintherealmofsciencefictionisnowrovingaround—albeitinanextremelylimitedfashion—inNevada,Florida,California,andMichigan.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：自動(dòng)駕駛汽車并不像大家想的那么遙遠(yuǎn)。這種以前只出現(xiàn)在科幻小說里的東西現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開始四處游走于內(nèi)華達(dá)州、佛羅里達(dá)州、加利福尼亞州和密歇根州，盡管活動(dòng)非常有限。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析2、Wirelesstechnologyhasquickenedthedevelopmentofmessagingsoftware,openingthemarkettoalotofdevicesforwebaccess.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：無線技術(shù)已經(jīng)加快了通訊軟件的發(fā)展，這為很多網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問設(shè)備開放了市場。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析3、Intelannouncedplanstoreleaseacompletelywire-freepersonalcomputerbytheendoftheyear—nopowercord,nomonitorcable,nothing.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：英特爾公司也宣布將在年底以前推出一款完全不需要任何電線的個(gè)人電腦，既不需要電源線，也不需要顯示器連接線，什么都不需要。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析4、AnIsraelicompanysaysithasdevelopedtechnologythatcanchargeamobilephoneinafewsecondsandanelectriccarinminutes,advancesthatcouldtransformtwooftheworld’smostdynamicconsumerindustries.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：以色列一家公司開發(fā)出一種新技術(shù)，可在幾秒鐘內(nèi)完成手機(jī)充電，給電動(dòng)汽車充電僅需幾分鐘。這些技術(shù)進(jìn)步可能改變世界上最具活力的兩大消費(fèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析5、AsforthepeoplewhoseeyesstillfindthegreatreasonsbehindthetechnologyofdualSIMphonevague,youcanfindfivereasonsinthistextthatmightshedlightonyoutorealizewhyit’simportanttohaveone.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：對于那些仍舊無法看出雙卡手機(jī)這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)帶來什么好處的人們，這篇文章為你提供五條理由，幫助你認(rèn)識(shí)為什么擁有一款雙卡手機(jī)很重要。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析6、Withnowaytoconfirmwhetherthose"friends"arewhotheyrepresentthemselvestobe,andwithmanysecurityholes,instantmessagingseemstobetakingabackseatinInternetcommunication.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：由于無法確認(rèn)那些“朋友”是否如他們自己描述，加之眾多安全漏洞，即時(shí)通訊似乎在英特網(wǎng)交流中已退居次席了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析7、WillRobotsTakeOverHumans’Jobs?Willarobotbedrivingyourtaxiin10years?Probably.Willarobothavetakenyourjobin10years?Possibly.AccordingtonewdatafromthePewResearchCenter,techiesaresplitaboutjusthowimportantrobotsandartificialintelligencewillbetotheeconomyandtoeverydaylifeintheyear2025.Around52%ofthe1,896peoplepolledforastudytitled"2014FutureoftheInternet"—includingtechnologyindustryresearchscientists,businessleadersandtechnologydevelopers—believethatroboticswillnottakeawaymorejobsthanitcreatesby2025,meaningthatincreasedrelianceonthetechnologywillactuallybeanetpositivetotheeconomyandthejobmarket.Theother48%,though,thinkthatrobotswilldisplacehugenumbersofwhiteandbluecollarworkersinthenext10years,whichwouldnotonlyleavepeopleunemployedbutwhichcoulddisruptsocialorder."Non-skilledjobslackingin’humancontribution’willbereplacedbyautomationwhentheeconomiesarefavorable.Atthehardwarestore,theguywhousedtocutkeyshasbeenreplacedbyarobot,"saidRobertCannon,Internetlawandpolicyexpert."Thisbegsthequestion:Whatcanthehumancontribute?Theshortansweristhatifthejobisonewherethatquestioncannotbeansweredpositively,thatjobisnotlikelytoexist."Thosewhothinkthattheincreaseinroboticswillbeanetnegativealsopointoutthatthedisplacementoflower-incomeworkersbynon-humanlaborwillvastlywidenthealreadygrowingincomegap,astheownersofbusinesseswillseeprofitmarginsincreasebybeingabletolayofftheirbluecollarworkers.StoweBoydpointedoutafewwaystherobotscouldinteractwithhumanseverydayoutsideofwork.Forone,hesaid,youcanforgetabouttheteenagepizzadeliveryboy—hewillsoonbereplacedbyadeliveryrobot.Moresalaciously,Boydseesafutureforrobotsinthebedroom."Roboticsexpartnerswillbeacommonplace,althoughthesourceofscorn,thewaythatcriticstodaybemoanselfies’asanindicatorofallthat’swrongwiththeworld,"hesaid.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：機(jī)器人會(huì)讓人類失業(yè)嗎?10年后，機(jī)器人會(huì)開出租車載人嗎?很可能。10年后，機(jī)器人會(huì)取代你的工作嗎?有可能。皮尤研究中心(PewResearchCenter)的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，機(jī)器人和人工智能對2025年經(jīng)濟(jì)和日常生活有多重要，技術(shù)人員對此意見不一。1，896名群眾投票參與了一項(xiàng)名為“2014互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的未來”的研究，其中包括科技行業(yè)的研究人員、商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖和技術(shù)開發(fā)人員。約52％的人相信，到2025年，機(jī)器人為人類創(chuàng)造的崗位肯定比它奪去的工作多，這就意味著對科技越來越依賴實(shí)際上對經(jīng)濟(jì)和就業(yè)市場是一大利好。然而，另外48％的人則認(rèn)為，在未來10年里，機(jī)器人將取代大量的白領(lǐng)和藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人，這不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們失業(yè)，而且會(huì)擾亂社會(huì)秩序?！霸诮?jīng)濟(jì)形勢良好的情況下，非技術(shù)類工作‘因缺失人的貢獻(xiàn)因素’將被自動(dòng)化技術(shù)取代。五金店里以前由人配鑰匙的工作已經(jīng)被機(jī)器人所取代?！被ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)法律與政策專家羅伯特-坎農(nóng)表示，“問題是：人類可以貢獻(xiàn)什么?簡單回答就是，在某項(xiàng)工作中，如果體現(xiàn)不出人的積極貢獻(xiàn)，那么該工作就不可能存在下去?！蹦切┱J(rèn)為運(yùn)用機(jī)器人技術(shù)越來越多只會(huì)帶來負(fù)面效果的人也指出，由非人類的勞動(dòng)力代替低收入工人，會(huì)使得已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大的貧富差距愈演愈烈，因?yàn)楣纠习鍟?huì)從解雇藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人中看到利潤率的增加。斯托-博伊德指出，除了工作之外，機(jī)器人每天還能以其他幾種方式與人類互動(dòng)。首先，他表示，你將再也見不到送披薩外賣的小伙子了——他很快會(huì)被外賣機(jī)器人取代。博伊德甚至認(rèn)為，更色情的一面是，未來機(jī)器人將進(jìn)入人類的臥室。他說道：“機(jī)器人性伴侶將是司空見慣的事，雖然這會(huì)遭人鄙視，但正如當(dāng)今批評(píng)家們所哀嘆的，‘自拍’正是世界變得不正常的指示器?！敝R(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析8、Hawking:ManMustLeavePlanetEarthMankindwillneedtoventurefarbeyondplanetEarthtoensurethelong-termsurvivalofourspecies,accordingtotheworld’sbestknownscientist,ProfessorStephenHawking.HewasspeakingaheadofthepresentationofBritain’shighestscientificaward,theRoyalSociety’sCopleyMedal,previouslygrantedtoCharlesDarwin,MichaelFaraday,andAlbeitEinstein.HetoldBBCRadio4’sTodayprogrammethatscientistsstillhave"somewaytogo"toreachhispredictioninhisbestsellingABriefHistoryofTimethatmankindwouldoneday"knowthemindofGod"byunderstandingthecompletesetoflawswhichgoverntheuniverse.Thissetoflaws,whichwillprobablyrelyontheorythatrequiresmorethanthreedimensionsofspaceandoneoftime,couldbeuncoveredwithin20years,mainlybecausenextyearthegiantLHCatomsmasherwillgointooperationinthenuclearphysicslaboratoryinGenevatoprovidenewinformationforthatquestbysimulatingconditionsnotseensincethebirthoftheuniverseaswellmakingantimatterinaspecialfactory.ProfHawkingsaidthatthisknowledgemaybevitaltothehumanrace’scontinuedexistence."Thelong-termsurvivalofthehumanraceisatriskaslongasitisconfinedtoasingleplanet,"hesaid."Soonerorlater,disasterssuchasanasteroidcollisionornuclearwarcouldwipeusallout.Butoncewespreadoutintospaceandestablishindependentcolonies,ourfutureshouldbesafe."Thereisn’tanywhereliketheEarthinthesolarsystem,sowewouldhavetogotoanotherstar."標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：霍金：人類必須離開地球世界上最著名的科學(xué)家斯蒂芬-霍金教授說，為確保能夠長期延續(xù)下去，人類很有必要遠(yuǎn)離地球去探險(xiǎn)?；艚鹗窃谟始覍W(xué)會(huì)授予他英國科學(xué)界最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)‘科普利獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆罢f這番話的。達(dá)爾文、法拉第和愛因斯坦也曾得過此榮譽(yù)。他在英國廣播公司第四臺(tái)“今日”節(jié)目中說，科學(xué)家們要實(shí)現(xiàn)他在暢銷書《時(shí)間簡史》中的預(yù)言“尚需時(shí)日”。他預(yù)言，人類總有一天會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到支配宇宙的整套規(guī)律，從而“了解上帝的想法”。認(rèn)識(shí)這套規(guī)律也許要依靠突破三維空間加一維時(shí)間的理論。這套規(guī)律可能會(huì)在20年內(nèi)揭曉，主要因?yàn)槊髂暝O(shè)在日內(nèi)瓦的核物理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室將運(yùn)行大型強(qiáng)子對撞機(jī)，通過模擬自宇宙誕生以來從沒見過的環(huán)境以及在特殊工廠制造反物質(zhì)來為這一探索提供新的信息。霍金教授說，這種信息也許正是人類繼續(xù)存活下去的關(guān)鍵。他說：“只要將人類限制在一個(gè)星球上，人類的長期延續(xù)就處在危險(xiǎn)中。遲早，小行星撞擊地球和核戰(zhàn)爭等威脅會(huì)將我們消滅殆盡。但是，一旦我們向太空擴(kuò)展并建立自給自足的聚居地，我們的未來應(yīng)該是安全的。太陽系沒有一個(gè)類似于地球的地方，因此我們必須尋找另外一顆恒星?！敝R(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析二、漢譯英(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)9、中國加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿探索，突破一批關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，填補(bǔ)了多項(xiàng)重大產(chǎn)品和裝備的空白。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Chinastrengthened/boostedbasicresearchandresearchinfrontierareas,madebreakthroughsinanumberofcoreandkeytechnologies,andfilledingapsinmanyimportantproductsandequipment.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析10、我國創(chuàng)新型建設(shè)取得新成就，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)、高速鐵路等實(shí)現(xiàn)重大突破。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：China/Wemademoreinnovativebreakthroughs(Innovativebreakthroughsweremade)indevelopingmannedspaceflightandthelunarexplorationprogram,buildingamanneddeep-seasubmersible,launchingtheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem,developingsupercomputers,andconstructing/buildinghigh-speedrailways.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析11、全社會(huì)研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重由五年前的1．4％提高到現(xiàn)在的1．97％，企業(yè)研發(fā)活動(dòng)支出占比超過74％。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：China’sR&Dspending(expenditureonresearchanddevelopment)accountedfor1.97%oftheGDPintheyear,upfrom1.4%fiveyearsago,andover74%ofthisspendingwasmadebycompanies/enterprises.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析12、科學(xué)家們知道他們的工作是永遠(yuǎn)無止境的，即使是最完美的理論可能是錯(cuò)誤的。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Scientistsknowthattheirworkisneverfinished/perfect,andeventhebesttheorycanturnout/provetobewrong.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析13、這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了不過三個(gè)月，所以要對它的成績作出評(píng)價(jià)為時(shí)尚早。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Theresearchprojecthasonlybeenunderway(beenconducted)forthreemonths,soit’s(still)tooearlytoevaluateitssuccess/assessit.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析14、居里夫人生于波蘭華沙，后入法國籍，是近代有名的化學(xué)家和物理學(xué)家，一生得過兩次諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：MadameCurie,borninWarsaw,PolandandlaternaturalizedasaFrenchcitizen(latergainedFrenchnationality/citizenship),wasafamous/renownedphysicianandchemistofthemoderneraandwashonoredwithtwoNobelPrizes(atwo-timeNobelPrizewinner).知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析15、利用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的行業(yè)機(jī)械和制造業(yè)是首批利用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的行業(yè)之一。如今，全球的工廠中有數(shù)十億臺(tái)無線設(shè)備和感應(yīng)器已經(jīng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)。工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在許多方面讓日常運(yùn)營更加“智能化”。為了打造“智能”的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，許多公司在生產(chǎn)流程和系統(tǒng)中采用了基于感應(yīng)器的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)有提高生產(chǎn)速度和生產(chǎn)效率、擴(kuò)大利潤的潛力。比起實(shí)體商店，網(wǎng)店購物的便捷是個(gè)巨大的優(yōu)勢。正因如此，亞馬遜(Amazon)等電子商務(wù)巨頭正在以驚人的速度不斷增長。但是隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，實(shí)體零售商如今有機(jī)會(huì)以實(shí)時(shí)跟蹤存貨和顧客的特性，從而在競爭中能平起平坐。通過移動(dòng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，實(shí)體零售商得以營造更加個(gè)性化的購物體驗(yàn)，這讓他們重獲新生。如今，這些商店能夠收集顧客的地址、人口信息和購買記錄，進(jìn)而改善購物體驗(yàn)。在實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的幫助下，銷售助理可以迅速為顧客提出個(gè)性化的推薦和提議，增加銷售的成功率。此外，零售商開始用射頻識(shí)別標(biāo)簽來識(shí)別店內(nèi)的商品。射頻識(shí)別標(biāo)簽與條形碼的原理類似，但它們可用于無線環(huán)境中。使用這種標(biāo)簽，實(shí)體店就能有效地追蹤庫存，并持續(xù)更新商品信息。銷售助理也能夠立刻給出建議，這讓實(shí)體店在與網(wǎng)店的競爭中擁有了優(yōu)勢。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Sectors/IndustriesMakingUseofIoTMachineryandmanufacturingwereamongthefirstindustriesthatmadeuseofInternetofThings(IoT)technology,withfactoriesaroundtheworldhavinginstalledbillionsofIoT-linkedwirelessdevicesandsensors.Incountlessways,industrialnetworksaremakingroutineoperations"smarter/moreintelligent".Inordertocreatean"intelligent"productionsystem,manycompanieshaveappliedsensor-basedIoTtechnologyto/intotheirproductionprocessesandsystems,asIoTispotentiallycapableofincreasingproductionspeed,efficiencyandprofits.Comparedwithphysicalstores,convenientonlineshoppinghasanobviousedge,whichaccountsfortheamazinggrowthofe-businessgiantslikeAmazon.ThankstotheimprovementstoIoTtechnology,physicalstoreretailers’canbenefitfromthereal-timetrackingofbothstockandcustomerssoastostayevenwiththeircompetition.MobileIoTtechnologyhasgivenphysicalstoresanewleaseon/oflifebecauseithasenabledthemtoofferamorepersonalizedshoppingexperience.Nowstorescancollectthecustomer’saddress,personaldata,andshoppingrecordstoimprovetheirshoppingexperience.Withthehelpof/Usingreal-timedata,salesagentsandshopassistantscanquicklymaketailor-madesuggestionsforcustomers,thusincreasingtheprobabilityofasuccessfulsale.Aswell,retailersarebeginningtouseradiofrequencyidentificationlabelstoidentifythemerchandiseinashop.TheworkingprincipleofRFTDlabelsissimilartothatofbarcodes,buttheformercanworkinawireless(WLAN)environment.Thankstothese(such)labels,brick-and-mortarstorescaneffectivelytrackandupdatetheinformationabouttheirstock.Aswell,shopassistantscanmakesuggestionsonthespot,thusgainingadvantagesinthecompetitionwithonlinesellers.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析16、新的科技革命新的科技革命，給各國人民帶來了難得的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，也帶來了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。一個(gè)國家，一個(gè)民族，如果不緊緊跟上科技進(jìn)步的時(shí)代潮流，不結(jié)合本國發(fā)展的實(shí)際努力提高科學(xué)技術(shù)水平，就會(huì)落后，就會(huì)陷入極為被動(dòng)的境地。要迎接科學(xué)技術(shù)突飛猛進(jìn)和知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速興起的挑戰(zhàn)，最重要的是堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新。創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)民族的靈魂，是一個(gè)國家興旺發(fā)達(dá)的不竭動(dòng)力。創(chuàng)新的關(guān)鍵在人才，人才的成長靠教育。教育水平提高了，科技進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展才有后勁。科學(xué)技術(shù)實(shí)力和國民教育水平，始終是衡量綜合國力和社會(huì)文明程度的重要標(biāo)志，也是每個(gè)國家走向繁榮昌盛的兩個(gè)不可缺少的飛輪。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：TheNewScientificandTechnologicalRevolutionThenewscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionhaspresentedpeopleofallcountrieswithpreciousdevelopmentopportunitiesandseriouschallenges.Acountryornationwouldlagbehindandlanditselfinanextremelypassivepositionunlessitcloselykeepsabreastofscientificandtechnologicalprogressandupgradesitsscientificandtechnologicallevelinthelightofitsnationaldevelopment.Tomeetthechallengeofrapidscientificandtechnologicaladvancesandthefast-risinginformationeconomy,wemustcreateandinnovate.(Onlycreativityandinnovationcanhelpacountrytomeetthechallengesarisingfromadvancesinscienceandemergenceoftheknowledgeeconomy.)Creativityisthesoulofanationandaninexhaustiblesourceofacountry’sprosperity.Thekeytocreationandinnovationliesintalentedpeople/experts/specialists,whosedevelopmentdependsoneducation.Onlyawell-developededucationalsystemcansustainscientificandtechnologicalprogressandeconomicdevelopment.Scientificandtechnologicalstrengthandtheeducationallevelofanationhavealwaysbeenanimportantyardstickformeasuringtheoverallstrengthandcivilizationofasociety.Likeindispensablewheels,theypropelacountrytoprosperity.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)（綜合）模擬試卷第2套一、英譯漢(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)1、Thosesamepoliticiansaredrivenbyanintenttousethecountry’sresourcestomaximumfinancialbenefit,whatevertheymaybe,howevertreasuredandiconic.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這些同樣的政客也受到驅(qū)動(dòng)，想要?jiǎng)佑帽緡Y源，使其商業(yè)利益最大化——不管這些資源是什么，也不管它們是何等珍貴或是帶有地區(qū)標(biāo)志性。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析2、ThechallengeforChinaandotheremergingmarketsishowtomeetthatdemandwithoutdestroyingboththeoilbudgetsandthequalityoftheair.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：中國及其他新興市場所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是如何在滿足需求的同時(shí)，避免過多石油支出，避免污染空氣。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析3、GM’shydrogenfuelcarinChinaunderscoresadrivetowardgoinggreen,companyCEORickWagonersays.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：通用汽車總裁RickWagoner稱，通用在中國市場推出的氫燃料汽車反映了通用公司走環(huán)保路線的趨勢。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析4、Airpollutionisnotapopularsubject,whichiswhylittlenoticehasbeentakenofanEUjudgmentagainsttheUKonthesubject.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：空氣污染不是一個(gè)流行的議題，這就是為什么最近歐盟針對英國空氣污染的一項(xiàng)裁定案并未引起人們多少關(guān)注。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析5、Theymaypaylipservicetorespectingourheritageandenvironment.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：他們可能只是動(dòng)動(dòng)嘴皮子說尊重我們的歷史遺產(chǎn)和環(huán)境。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析6、Carbonmonoxidedoesn’tnormallycauseproblemsinawell-ventilatedareawherethegasisspread,butifitbuildsupinenclosedorpoorly-ventilatedspaces,itcausespoisoningwhenthefumesareinhaled.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：如果通風(fēng)狀況良好，一氧化碳能迅速散開，通常不會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重問題；但如果環(huán)境封閉，流通性差，一氧化碳積累起來，人們吸入積聚的煙塵就會(huì)中毒。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析7、PollutionandEcocrisisTheproblemofpollutionisalsoofgreatsocialconcern.Continuedpopulationincrease,accompaniedbyariseintheleveloflivingstandards,notonlythreatenstoexhaustAmericanresourcesbutpollutestheenvironmenttosuchanextentthatproductioninthethicklysettledareaisimpossiblewithoutdamagingthehealthofthelocalresidents.Smog,onceanurbanannoyance,isnowrecognizedasahealthrisk,andtheautomobilehasbeenpinpointedastheprincipalculprit.Heavyindustrieshavebeenblamedforriver,soil,air,noiseandvisualpollutions.DDTandotherchemicalremedieshavebeendoingmoreecologicalharmthanthegoodthattheymayhavebroughtalong.Severaldecadesago,Americansdumpedrawsewageintoriversandmanyindustrialplantsarenowstilldumpingchemicalpollutantsintolakes,riversandoceans.Oceansusedtobeandarestillbeingconsideredtobeareserveofseafood.Today,aftertheoceanshavebecomethehomeofallpollutants,thisuseoftheoceansisbeingreducedatanalarmingrate.Theworstpollutionthreatisconcentratedinandnearlargecities.Therethepeople-madepollutantsincreasinglysurpasstheabilityofairandwatertodilutethecontaminantstosafelevels.Thenaturalecologicalcycledependsonplants,whichabsorbsomepollutantsandreleaseoxygentotheair.Butnearlargecities,naturalvegetationbecomesscarce,andintroducedtrees,ornamentalshrubsandgardensarefarfromadequateinabsorbingmotorvehicleandindustrialairpollutants.Finally,somepollutants,mostnotablyatomicwaste,maycontinuetocontaminateair,land,andwaterforthousandsofyears.Therefore,ecocrisis—ecocatastropheorecocide—hasbeenforsometimeoneofthemajorconcernsofnotonlytheecoactivistsandenvironmentalists,butofmanyscientistsofotherfieldsandthegovernmentauthoritiesofmanycountriesaswell.Lastbutnotleast,thereisthequestionofwhetherthepeoplewilleventuallybeabletosolvealltheseproblems.TheAmericancontinentisawealthylandinhabitedbymanyableandwell-educatedpeople.Theretoday,peoplehaveoriginatedalife-stylewhichisknowntotheworldasbeingcharacteristicofasocietyofconsumption—alife-stylebasedontheprodigaluseofmaterialgoods.Theyareusingupmanytimestheirshareoftheearth’sresourcesatarateunparalleledinhistory.AndIamsorrytosaythatthislife-styleofAmericanhasbeencopiedbythepeopleofmanydevelopedcountries,leadingtothegreatestproblemofthemodernworldasawhole.SoImustask:AretheAmericansaptenoughtocooperatewithotherpeoplestopreventoverpopulation,resourceexhaustion,thecatastropheofpollutionandthewantonwasteofwealth-problemswhicharebasictothesolutionofmanyoutstandingeconomic,socialandpoliticalproblems?Onlytimewilltell.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：污染和生態(tài)危機(jī)污染問題也受到了社會(huì)的極大關(guān)注。人口在持續(xù)增長，生活水平在提高，這不僅威脅到美國資源的枯竭，而且還污染環(huán)境到了極嚴(yán)重的地步：人口密集區(qū)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦慕】狄殉蔀椴豢烧{(diào)和的矛盾。煙霧，原先不過是城市居民的一件煩心事，現(xiàn)在被公認(rèn)為危害健康的頭號(hào)大敵。機(jī)動(dòng)車輛已被視為造成煙霧的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。重工業(yè)因污染河流、土壤、空氣、產(chǎn)生噪音和影響可見度等方面而備受指責(zé)。滴滴涕(DDT)及其他化學(xué)藥劑對生態(tài)的影響是弊大于利。幾十年前，美國人把未經(jīng)處理的污水倒入河流，而許多工廠如今仍在把化學(xué)污染物傾入湖泊、江河和海洋。人們一向認(rèn)為海洋是海產(chǎn)品的寶庫。今天，海洋已成為一切污染物的集中地之后，海產(chǎn)品正以驚人速度縮減。大城市及其周邊是污染最嚴(yán)重的地方。在那里，人為污染物的擴(kuò)散越來越超過空氣和水將污染物分解稀釋到安全水平的能力。自然界生態(tài)循環(huán)依賴于植物；植物吸收一些污染物，把氧氣釋放到空氣中。但鄰近大城市的地區(qū)，天然植被日漸稀少，而移植的樹木、觀賞灌木及花園又遠(yuǎn)不足以吸收機(jī)動(dòng)車輛和工業(yè)產(chǎn)生的空氣污染物。最終，有些污染物，尤其是原子能廢料，可能會(huì)繼續(xù)污染空氣、土地和水源達(dá)幾千年之久。因此，生態(tài)危機(jī)——也稱為生態(tài)災(zāi)難或生態(tài)滅絕——一段時(shí)期以來不僅是生態(tài)活動(dòng)家和環(huán)保主義者關(guān)注的主要問題，而且引起了其他領(lǐng)域許多科學(xué)家和許多國家政府當(dāng)局的重視。最后，問題是，人們最終是否能解決所有這些問題?美國大陸是一塊富裕的土地，居住著許多能干的、受過良好教育的人。如今，在那里人們開創(chuàng)了一種以消費(fèi)社會(huì)為特色而聞名全球的生活方式，即一種揮霍物質(zhì)財(cái)富為基礎(chǔ)的生活方式。美國人正以前所未有的速度耗費(fèi)著超過他們份額不知多少倍的地球資源。我遺憾地說，美國人的這種生活方式，已被許多發(fā)達(dá)國家的人民所仿效，導(dǎo)致了當(dāng)前整個(gè)世界的最嚴(yán)重的問題。因此我不得不問：美國人是否善于與別國人民合作來防止人口過剩、資源枯竭、污染災(zāi)難和恣意浪費(fèi)人類財(cái)富的行為?這一系列問題正是解決許多懸而未決的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和政治問題的基礎(chǔ)。我們將拭目以待。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析8、AirPollutionandtheImportanceofTreesAirpollutionisnotapopularsubject,whichiswhylittlenoticehasbeentakenofanEUjudgmentagainsttheUKonthesubject,butitdeservesfullattention:itshowshowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentandourhealth.LondonhastheworstairqualityofanycapitalcityinEuropeandthereare12otherareasofBritainwithseriousairpollutionproblemslargelycausedbyvehicles.Aftersmokingitisthebiggestthreattohealth.Despitethis,thegovernmentplanstodelayintroducingmandatorycutstopollutantlevelsasrequiredbytheEuropeanCommission,andfaceslargefinesasaresult.IamfortunatetoliveinoneofthefewplacesinBritainwheretheairqualityissogoodrarelichenssurvivestillandthelightiscrystalclear;wheneverIvisitLondon,withinminutesmyeyesbecomeirritatedandmythroatsore,andIfeelpoisoned,whichofcourseIam,anditisextraordinarythatmillionsofpeopleinBritainandmostworldcitiesarebeingdamagedtosuchanextentthattheirlifeexpectancyisbeingreduceddaily.Theofficialconcernisoftheimpactofthesepollutantsonpublichealth,butmyconcernextendstoincludetheeffectonthebirds,insectsandmammalswhichshareourcitiestoo.Theyaresosmall,andsosuffersomuchmore.Itseemsthat,inordertocomplywiththelaw,thegovernmentisconsideringintroducinganationalzonesystemfromwhichtheworstpollutingvehicleswillbebanned.Itwillhelp,butcouldleadtothetrafficbeingdivertedtopollutethecountrysideinstead.Whydotheynotconsiderbanningpollutingvehiclesaltogether?Itwouldbesomucheasieraswellascleaner—butthenbusinesscirclewouldbeupset,andthatwouldneverdo.Wouldit?Itisrefreshingtohearofaquietbutverysignificantreportbyexpertswhichwillconfirmtheimportanceoftreesandforestsforthemaintenanceofessentialeco-systems,forfloodmanagement,reductionofcarbonemissions,wildlifebenefitsandpublicenjoyment.Thefindings,tobepublishedtoday,willassert,Ibelieve,thatthisfreebutimmenselyvaluableresourcehasbeenignoredandunderestimatedfortoolong,andthatthenumberofforestedareasinEnglandshouldbeincreasedby50percentoverthenextfewdecades,aswellasbeingheldintrustforthepeopleofBritainratherthanbeingsoldoffforprofitasonceintendedbygovernment.Itisgoodnews.However,themoneyissueonceagainwilldeterminetheoutcomeofthereport.Itisironicthatjustasthereiscriticismledbypoliticiansandthemediaaboutbankerstryingtomakeprofitoutofmarketmanipulation,thosesamepoliticiansaredrivenbyanintenttouseBritishresourcestomaximumfinancialbenefit,whatevertheymaybe,howevertreasuredandiconic.Theymaypaylipservicetorespectingourheritageandenvironment,butgiventhechoicebetweenmakingmoneybyfellingtimberingreatquantitiesandinvestingincaringforanddevelopingourwoodlands,profitusuallywillbethepreferredchoiceofaction.Itmaynotbeillegalasitisinthecaseofthebankers’activities,butformeitisjustasunethicalaswellasbeingveryshort-sighted.ThereportonEngland’sforestsdeservesfullattentionbutitwillbeovershadowedbybusinesstycoons’determinationtoreapagreaterprofit.Whatacontrastofvalueswehave.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：空氣污染及樹木的重要性空氣污染不是一個(gè)流行的議題。這就是為什么最近歐盟對英國的一項(xiàng)裁定案并未引起人們多少關(guān)注。但是這事值得我們關(guān)注：事關(guān)我們對環(huán)境和健康的重視程度。歐洲國家首都中，倫敦空氣質(zhì)量最差。由于交通原因，英國還有12個(gè)地方的空氣污染也非常嚴(yán)重?？諝馕廴疽咽抢^吸煙之后人類健康第二大殺手。盡管如此，英國政府還是未能遵循歐盟委員會(huì)的強(qiáng)制要求，并且計(jì)劃延遲引入污染等級(jí)強(qiáng)制削減計(jì)劃，最終面臨巨額罰款。我很幸運(yùn)：我住在英國少數(shù)幾個(gè)污染并不嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)，這里空氣質(zhì)量尚佳、稀有菌類依舊可見、日間光線通透明亮。每每造訪倫敦，雙眼數(shù)分鐘內(nèi)即感不適、喉嚨酸痛，有種被囚禁的感覺，事實(shí)上我也的確被囚禁了。英國及世界其他城市中數(shù)百萬居民受到空氣污染的威脅，他們的預(yù)期壽命日朘月減。政府擔(dān)憂污染物會(huì)對公眾健康產(chǎn)生不良影響。但更多的擔(dān)憂集中在空氣污染對和我們居住在一起的鳥類、昆蟲和哺乳動(dòng)物的影響。他們?nèi)绱粟A弱，卻比人類承受更多。為遵循法律條款，政府似乎正在考慮引進(jìn)全國區(qū)域系統(tǒng)——區(qū)域內(nèi)對環(huán)境污染最為嚴(yán)重的機(jī)動(dòng)車輛禁止行駛。這可能起點(diǎn)作用，但也可能導(dǎo)致車流涌向鄉(xiāng)村，造成當(dāng)?shù)乜諝馕廴?。為什么不考慮全面禁止排污嚴(yán)重的車輛行駛呢?這樣就方便又清潔——可能商企界會(huì)為此不安，所以這做法永遠(yuǎn)無法實(shí)施。這做法可行嗎?一則低調(diào)發(fā)布但卻意義重大的專家報(bào)告讓人為之欣慰。報(bào)告確認(rèn)了植樹造林對于維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、抗洪減排、野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)及大眾游憩等方面的重要性。我相信今天就要發(fā)布的報(bào)告結(jié)論將佐證人們長久以來忽視或低估了這種免費(fèi)且價(jià)值巨大的資源，并將佐證森林面積應(yīng)在接下來的數(shù)十年中增加百分之五十。為了民眾，政府應(yīng)保護(hù)森林，而非像之前的做法——砍伐樹木獲利。這不啻于一則鼓舞人心的好消息。然而，資金問題將再一次決定該報(bào)告的最終結(jié)果。諷刺的是，正如政客和媒體對銀行試圖通過市場操控獲利的行為大肆批判一樣，這些政客本身也想著動(dòng)用本國資源，使其商業(yè)利益最大化——不管這些資源是什么，也不管它們是如何的珍貴或是帶有地區(qū)標(biāo)志性。他們可能動(dòng)動(dòng)嘴皮子說尊重我們的歷史遺產(chǎn)和環(huán)境，但是在伐樹獲利和注資于發(fā)展林木之間，利益總是放在優(yōu)先考慮的位置。銀行家的行為或許不犯法，但是就我看來，其行為無德且短視。這份英國森林調(diào)查報(bào)告值得我們注意，但是與商界大佬決意追求利潤的背景相形見絀。我們和他們的價(jià)值觀差異可謂天壤之別!知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析二、漢譯英(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)9、環(huán)境污染足以引起民眾的憂慮，但人們正采取一系列積極有效的對應(yīng)措施。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Environmentalpollution/contaminationisgreatcauseforpublicconcern,butpeopleareadoptingaseriesofeffectivemeasurestodealwith/copewiththeproblem.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析10、一些發(fā)展中國家正致力于發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，大規(guī)模利用太陽能、風(fēng)能等可再生清潔能源，普及發(fā)展生態(tài)交通、生態(tài)建筑和環(huán)保建材。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Somedevelopingcountries/economiesarecommittedto(pledgethemselvesto)arecyclingeconomy,exploiting/tappingsolarpower,windenergyandotherrenewableenergiesandpromotingeco-traffic,ecologicalconstructionandenvironment-friendlybuildingmaterials.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析11、科學(xué)技術(shù)在促進(jìn)人類進(jìn)步的同時(shí)，也逐漸將人類推向了環(huán)境惡化的深淵，它到底是福還是禍呢?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Thoughsciencepromoteshumanprogress(ispushingforward/advancingthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies),italsopusheshumanbeingstotheabyssofenvironmentaldeterioration—isitablessingoracurse?知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析12、我們要下決心解決好關(guān)系群眾切身利益的大氣、水、土壤等突出環(huán)境污染問題，改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量，維護(hù)人民健康。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Weshould/mustresolve(makeupourminds)tosolvetheproblemsofseriousair,waterandsoilpollutionthataffectthepeople’svitalinterests/wellbeing;improveenvironmentalquality,andprotect/safeguardpeople’shealth.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析13、中國將使二氧化碳排放比十年前年下降60％一65％，非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)(primaryenergyconsumption)比重達(dá)到20％左右。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Chinawillcut/reducecarbonemissionsby60%-65%comparedto/withtenyearsagoandincreasetheshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoabout20%.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析14、這家野生動(dòng)物園內(nèi)匯集著許多珍稀動(dòng)物和瀕危動(dòng)物，其中就有中國特產(chǎn)的大熊貓和金絲猴(snub-nosedmonkey)等。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Thewildlifepark/safarihasmanyrareandendangeredanimals,includinggiantpandasandsnub-nosedmonkeysnativetoChina(,whichlive/existonlyinChina).知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析15、環(huán)境保護(hù)霧霾天氣范圍擴(kuò)大，環(huán)境污染矛盾突出，是大自然向粗放發(fā)展方式亮起的紅燈。必須加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)，下決心用硬措施完成硬任務(wù)。我們要出重拳強(qiáng)化污染防治。以霧霾頻發(fā)的特大城市和區(qū)域?yàn)橹攸c(diǎn)，以細(xì)顆粒物和可吸入顆粒物治理為突破口，抓住產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、能源效率、尾氣排放和揚(yáng)塵等關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，健全政府、企業(yè)、公眾共同參與新機(jī)制，實(shí)行區(qū)域聯(lián)防聯(lián)控，深入實(shí)施大氣污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。今年要淘汰燃煤小鍋爐5萬臺(tái)。實(shí)施清潔水行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，加強(qiáng)飲用水源保護(hù)，推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)流域污染治理。實(shí)施土壤修復(fù)工程。推動(dòng)能源生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)方式變革。加大節(jié)能減排力度，控制能源消費(fèi)總量，今年能源消耗強(qiáng)度要降低3．9％以上。要提高非化石能源發(fā)電比重，發(fā)展智能電網(wǎng)，鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展風(fēng)能、太陽能，開工一批水電、核電項(xiàng)目。加強(qiáng)天然氣、頁巖氣勘探開采與應(yīng)用。強(qiáng)化節(jié)水、節(jié)材和資源綜合利用。加快開發(fā)應(yīng)用節(jié)能環(huán)保技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品，把節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)打造成生機(jī)勃勃的朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：EnvironmentalProtectionThehazethathasbeenhangingovermoreareasofChinaforlongerperiods,andtheproblemsofenvironmentalpollutionarebecomingmajorconcerns;theyarearedlightfromNaturewarningagainsttheextensiveeconomicgrowthmodel.Therefore,wemustforcefully/betterprotecttheecologicalenvironmentandbedeterminedtotakeresolutemeasurestoaccomplishthisdemandingmission.Toughmeasureswillbeadoptedtobetterpreventandcontrolpollution.Wewillfullyimplementtheplanforpreventingandcontrollingairpollution,withthefocusonmegacitiesandregionswithfrequentoccurrenceofsmog.WewillstartbyreducingPM10andPM2.5emissions,andfocusonthefollowingkeyareas:improvingtheindustrialstructure,raisingenergyefficiency,reducingvehicleexhaustemissions,andpreventingandmonitoringwind-bornedust.Wewillimprovethenewmechanisminvolvinggovernment,enterprisesandthegeneralpublic,coordinatepreventionandcontroleffortsinaffectedregions,andfullyimplementtheactionplanforpreventingandcontrollingairpollution.Specifically,50,000smallcoal-firedfurnacesshallbephasedoutthisyear.Wewillputinplaceanactionplanforcleanwaterbyvigorouslyprotectingthesourcesofdrinkingwater,andmovingaheadwiththetreatmentofpollutioninmajorrivervalleys.Wewillalsorestorepollutedland.Chinawillreform(themodesof)energyproductionandconsumption.Chinawillenhanceenergysavingsandlimitemissionstocontrolthetotalvolumeofenergyconsumption,soastoreduceenergyconsumptionbyover3.9%thisyear.Wewillincreasetheproportionofnon-fossil-fuel-generatedelectricity;developsmartelectricgrids;encouragethedevelopmentofwindandsolarpower,andlaunchanumberofhydroelectric-powerandnuclearpowerprojects.Wewillincreaseexploration,developmentandapplicationofnaturalgasandshalegas.Employingcleanmethodsofproduction,greenandlow-carbontechnologiesandarecyclingeconomywillbetterenableustocopewithachangingclimate.Conservingwaterandmaterialsandtheoverallbetteruseofresourcesshallbeourgoal.Wewillspeedupthedevelopmentanduseofenergy-efficientandenvironmentallyfriendlytechnologiesandproductsandturntheenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustriesintodynamicsunriseindustries.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析16、環(huán)境惡化人類有史以來不斷改變自然環(huán)境，以改善自己的生活方式。人類借助技術(shù)工具改變了地球的許多自然特征。他將林地和草原改造成為農(nóng)田，使江河變成湖泊和水庫，用于灌溉或用于水力發(fā)電。人類還通過給沼澤地排水、鑿石劈山、修建公路和鐵路等方式，改變了地球的面貌。然而，人類改變自然環(huán)境并不總是帶來有益的結(jié)果。今天，空氣和水的污染給地球的健康造成越來越嚴(yán)重的危害。每天機(jī)動(dòng)車輛的排氣管排出成千上萬噸廢氣。工廠釋放的煙霧污染了工業(yè)區(qū)和周圍鄉(xiāng)村的空氣。水污染同樣有害，海洋的整個(gè)生態(tài)平衡正在受到破壞，工業(yè)廢水已使許多河流的生物死亡?，F(xiàn)在，環(huán)境保護(hù)比以往任何時(shí)候都更為緊迫。我們知道，對環(huán)境的大規(guī)模破壞已經(jīng)帶來負(fù)面影響，甚至咄咄逼人地威脅到人類的生存。對這些問題漠不關(guān)心將意味著自我毀滅。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：TheDeteriorationoftheEnvironmentThroughouthistory/Throughtheages,man/mankind/humanityhasbeenconsistentlychangingnature(haschangedhisphysicalenvironment)inordertoimprovehiswayoflife.Withthetools/instrumentsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.Hehastransformedwoodlands/forestsandprairiesintofarmsandmadelakesandreservoirsoutofriversforirrigationpurposesorhydroelectricpower(forirrigationandpowergeneration).