人教版高中英語教案Unit Five The Power of Nature

UnitFiveThePowerofNature

Thethemeofthisunitisdisastersthatarecausedbynatureforces.Itexamineshow

peoplefeelindangeroussituationandthewaysinwhichhumansprotectthemselvesfrom

naturaldisasters.

Whatisvolcano?

Imaginewearingaconcretebodysuitallofthetime.Afterawhile,you'dfeel

extremelyhotbecauseofthetremendouspressureyou'dfeelonyourbody.Ifyouthink

aboutit,themantle（地幔）wearsahuge,heavybodysuitthatisaboutseventykilometers

thick,It'snottoohardtobelieve,then,thatthereisextremepressureandheatinthe

mantle.Thehightemperatureandthepushandthepullforcescausesomeofthemantleto

melt.Thismoltenrockisknownasmagma（巖漿）.

Avolcanoisavent（排氣孑L）intheearthfromwhichmoltenrock（magma）andgas

erupt.Themoltenrockthateruptsfromthevolcano（lava巖漿熔巖）formsahillor

mountainaroundthevent.Allvolcaniceruptionsarenotalike.Someeruptionsarequiet,

withlavaflowingslowlyfromavent.Othereruptionsareveryviolent,withlavaandother

materialsbeinghurled（拋投換B）hundredsofmilesintotheair.Gasesfromwithinthe

earth5sinterior（內(nèi)部的）mixwithhugequantitiesofdustandashandriseintoairasgreat

darkcloudsthatcanbeseenfrommanykilometersaway.Somedark-coloredlavaisthin

andrunny,andtendstoflow.

Topic:volcano,craterlakes,cyclones,floods

Vocabulary:diagram（圖解圖表），volcano,erupt,eruption,ash,hurricane,

questionnaire（問卷調(diào)查問卷），alongside（在.…旁邊），equipment,appoint,database,

evaluate（評估評價），wave,fountain（噴泉源泉），absolutely,suit,helmet,boot,

potential,actual,candidate,bungalow（平房小屋），typhoon,thunderstorm（雷暴）,

precious,novelist,fog,document,rainbow,uncomfortable,balcony,unconscious,shoot,

shot,tremble,sweat,anxious,anxiety,panic（驚慌），diverse（多種多樣的不同的）,bathe,

appreciation,guarantee,bumtotheground（全部燒毀），makeone'sway（摸索前進(jìn)前

往）,glancethrough（匆匆看一遍）varyfromto（由.…到.…不等）

Function:

Emotions情感（joy,fear,anxiety,surprise）

IbecamesoexcitedthatIhadneverfeltsohappyas

I'mlookingforwardtoDoesn'tthatlooklovely!

Youdidagoodjob.Perfect!

Ican'twaitWhat'shappening?

What'shappened?Whafsthatnoise?

I'mfrightened.Iwastrembling

Iwasneversofrightened...Iwassoanxious

Ifeltverynervous.Oh,mygoodness.

Where'sthe...?Oh,no!

Grammar:-ingform

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:

Getstudentstoknowaboutdisastersthatarecausedbynaturalforces.

Havestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsaboutnaturaldisasters

andletthemlearneffectivewaystomasterthem.

Enablestudentstoexpresstheiremotionssuchasjoy,fear,anxietyandsurprise.

Letstudentsgetabetterunderstandingofthegrammaritem:the-ingform.

Developstudents5listening,speaking,readingandwritingability.

ThefirstperiodWarming-up,Pre-reading,ReadingandComprehending

Knowledgeandskills:

1.Toknowthemeaningsofthefollowingwordsandphrases:diagram（圖解圖表）,

volcano,erupt,eruption,ash,hurricane,questionnaire（問卷調(diào)查問卷），alongside（在.…

旁邊），equipment,appoint,database,evaluate（評估評價），wave,fountain（噴泉源泉），

absolutely,suit,helmet,boot,potential,actual,candidate,bungalow（平房小屋），typhoon,

thunderstorm（雷暴），precious,novelist,fog,document,rainbow,uncomfortable,balcony,

unconscious,shoot,shot,tremble,sweat,anxious,anxiety,panic（驚慌）,diverse（多種多

樣的不同的）,bathe,appreciation,guarantee,burntotheground（全部燒毀）,makeone^

way（摸索前進(jìn)前往）,glancethrough（匆匆看一遍）,varyfromto（由….到.…不等）,

makeaneffort（努力）,becoveredwith/by,hurricane（颶風(fēng)）

2.Tolearnaboutsomedisastersthatarecausedbynaturalforces,howpeoplefeelin

dangerousandthewaysinwhichhumansprotectthemselvesfromnaturaldisasters.

3.Tolearnhowtheinformationisorganized.

4.Todevelopthestudents5readingabilitybyskimmingandscanningthepassage.

5.Todevelopthestudents'speakingabilitybytalkingaboutnaturalforces.

Emotion,attitudeandvalue:

1.Tostimulatestudents5lovetonature.

2.Todevelopstudents'senseofcooperativelearning.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:

1.Toenablethestudentstolearnaboutthepowerofnatureandtodeveloptheir

readingability.

2.Toenablethestudentstotalkaboutnaturalforces.

Step1Warmingup

1.Warmingupbylookingandtalking

（Showstudentssomepicturesandletthemknowaboutthepowerofnature）.

Threetypesofvolcanoes:alivevolcano,dormantvolcano,extinctvolcano.

2.WarmingupbylearningsomethingaboutVolcano.

Step2Pre-reading

1.Canyouimagineclimbingintoalivevolcanoinordertomeasurethetemperatureof

theboilingrockinside?

2.Encouragestudentstotalkaboutvolcanoesbylookinganddiscussing.

3.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空一’

TheTraveltounusualplacesandworkalongsidepeoplefromalloverthe

writer'sworld.

jobHelpprotectordinarypeoplefromoneofthemostpowerfulforceson

earth:thevolcano.

CollectinformationforadatabaseaboutMountKilauea.

Helpotherscientiststopredictwherelavawillflownextandhowfast.

ThefirstThedayoftheMybedbeganshakingandIheardastrange

experienceeruptionsound.

Mybedroombecameasbrightasday.

Redhotlavafountainedhundredsofmetersinto

theair.

ThedayaftertheTwootherscientistsandIweredrivenupthe

eruptionmountainanddroppedascloseaspossibletothe

craterthathadbeenformedduringtheeruption.

Weslowlymadeourwaytotheedgeofthecrater

andlookeddownintothered,boilingcenter.

Step3Readingandcomprehending

1.Fast-reading:

Askstudentstoskimthepassagesoastogetthekeywordsandgeneralideaofeach

paragraphandanswerthequestion:

Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

2.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions:

1)Whyisthevolcanologist'sjobimportant?

2)WhyisthelavathatflowsonMountKilaueamoredangerousthantheactual

eruption?

3)Whywasitdifficultforthewritertowalktowardstheedgeofthecrater?

4)Whatdoesthewriterfindimpressiveaboutvolcanoesevenafterstudyingthemfor

manyyears?

5)Whatdidtheauthorthinkitwaswhenaneruptionoccurred?

6)Whydidthescientistslooklikespacemen?

3.Askstudentstoscanfordetailedinformationanddiscussthefollowingquestion

withtheirpartnersandbepreparedtoreporttotheclass.

Havinglearntalittlemoreabouttheworkofavolcanologist,doyouthinkitisan

occupationyouwouldenjoy?(Givesomeexamples)

Step4Languagestudy

Dealwithanylanguageproblemifanywordsorsentencesstudentsmightnot

understandtohelpthestudentstohaveabetterunderstandingofthetext.

Step5Listening,readingaloudandunderlining

Askstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothe

pronunciationofeachwordandthepausewithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutall

theusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothe

notebookafterclassashomework.

Step6Structureanalyzing

Afterreading,askstudentstodiscussthetextstructure.

(Thispassageisafirst-personaccountofavolcanologist'sexperiences.The

volcanologistdescribedhisexcitingjobandwrotedownhisfirstsightofaneruption.The

firstparagraphintroducesthetopicandthethemeofthetext.Therestofthetextpresents

theinformationinchronological(編年史的)order.Afeatureofanaccountofa

volcanologist'sexperiencesistheabundanceoftimeexpressions.Theiastsentenceofthe

reportfunctionsasaconclusion.Inaddition,eachsectionbeginswithatopicsentence.)

Step7Retelling

Askstudentstotalkaboutthevolcanologist'sexperiencesintheirownwords.Give

themsomekeywordsandexpressions.Thenletthemtrytoretellthepassage.

Step8Homework

1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.

2.Trytofindmorepicturesshowingnaturalforcesandtalkaboutthem.

Step9Reflectionafterteaching

Thesecondperiod:Reading

Step1Leadin

Step2Fastreading:

ReadthepassageAnExcitingJobasquicklyasyoucanandtrytogetthemainideaof

thepassage.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.AneruptionoccurredinHawaii.

B.Avolcanologist'sjobisexciting.

C.Avolcanologisfsexcitingjobandhisfirstsightofaneruption.

D.Asightofaneruptionishorrible.

Step2Detailedreading

1.Readthefirstandthesecondparagraphsandfinishthefollowingtasks.

1)Whyisavolcanologist'sjobimportant?

2)Thewriterdoesn'tmindtheoccasionaldangerofhisjobbecause.

A.Hetravelstounusualplacesandmeetsinterestingpeoplefromallovertheworld.

B.Helikesthedifferentwaysofworking.

C.Hethinkshisjobthemostimportant.

D.Heisexcitedaboutdangerandfeelsalive.

3)Asaresultofthevolcanologist'sjob,.

A.otherscientistspredicttheprogressoflavafromthevolcano.

B.manypeoplehavebeenwarnedtoleavetheirhomes.

C.theeruptioncauseslessdamage.

D.theeruptionmaybepreventedfrombreakingout.

2.Readthethirdandtheforthparagraphsandfinishthefollowingtask.

1)Whatmadethewriterrealizethataneruptionoccurred?

2)Whatdoesthewritermeanbyusing“l(fā)ucky“inthesentence“Iwasluckyenoughto

haveamuchcloserlookatit”？

A.Hefeltmuchsaferonthetopwhiletheothertwoscientistsclimbedintothecrater.

B.Itwashisfirstsightofaneruption.

C.Itwasthefirsttimeforhimtowatchthecrater.

D.BothBandC.

3.Readthelastparagraphandprepare1-2questionstoaskyourpartneraboutit.

Step4Searchingreading

1.Analyzethesentence.

Havingcollectedandevaluatetheinformation,Ihelpedotherscientiststopredict

wherethelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast.

2.Whichsentenceinthetestcanbereplacedbythefollowingone?

ThereasonwhyIdon'tmindthatmyjobissometimesdangerousisthatdangercanbe

excitingandmakemefullofenergy.

3.Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.

“Potential“means:A.possibilityB.opportunity

4.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.

Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswell

astheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.

Step5Discussion

Havinglearnedalittlemoreabouttheworkofavolcanologist,whatqualitiesdoyou

thinkavolcanologistshouldhave?Whatqualitydoyouthinkisthemostimportant?And

giveyourreason.Doyouliketobeavolcanologist?

Step6Homework

1.Formoreinformationaboutnaturalforces,youmayreferto:http://baike.Baidu,

com.

2.FinishtheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsonPage36.

ThesecondperiodLanguagestudy

Knowledgeandskills:

1.Getthestudentstolearntousethefollowingimportantnewwordsandphrases

freely:absolutely,makeone'sway,alongside,appoint,wave,suit,potential,actual.

2.Getstudentstounderstandandusethefollowingimportantandusefulsentence

patterns:

1)Havingcollectedandevaluatetheinformation,Ihopeotherscientiststopredict

wherelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast.

2)Iwasabouttogobacksleepwhensuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.

3)Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy,but

thisbeingnyfirstexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:

1.Importantnewwordsandexpressions:absolutely,makeone'sway,alongside,

appoint,wave,suit,potential,actual.

2.Importantandusefulsentencepatterns:

1)beabouttodo...when

2)the-ingformusedastheadverbialinasentence

3Somedifficultandlongsentencesinthetext.

Step1Revision

1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.

2.Asksomestudentstosaysomethingaboutthepowerofnature.

Step2Readingandfinding

GetstudentstoreadthroughWarmingUp,Pre-reading,Reading,Comprehendingand

Learningaboutlanguagetounderlineallthenewwordsandusefulexpressionsor

collocationsintheseparts.Readthemaloudandcopythemdownintheexercisebook.

Step3Practiceforusefulwordsandexpressions

1.TurntoPage36.GothroughtheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulwordsand

expressionswithstudentsandmakesuretheyknowwhattodo.

2.Givethemseveralminutestofinishtheexercises.Theyfirstdothemindividually,

andthendiscussandcheckthemwiththeirpartners.

3.Checktheanswerswiththewholeclassandexplaintheproblemstheymeetwhere

necessary.

Step4Languagestudy

1.consider:考慮，其后接名詞/代詞/動名詞或者從句/疑問詞+不定式（t。

be）

consider+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語,consider+賓語從句.

WeareconsideringgoingtoHainanfortheSpringFestival.

Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem.

Doyouconsiderthatwecanfinishtheprojectaheadoftime?

Theyconsideredtheplanasreasonable.

Iconsiderhertohavedonewonderfullyinthefinalexam.

Michealisconsidered（tobe）expertincomputerscience.

Weconsiderthatthedefendant（被告）isnotguilty.

2.-logy學(xué)論-ist.…學(xué)家

volcanology火山學(xué)論oceanology海洋學(xué)論climatology氣象學(xué)論

3.alongside:在.…旁邊，沿著.…的邊.

Thepolicecarpulledupalongside.那輛警車在旁邊停下。

Theboatpulledupalongsidethedock（石馬頭）.

4.equipment:裝備設(shè)備用具apieceofequipment一件設(shè)備

Thecompleteequipmentofthenewhospitalwilltakeayear.

把這家醫(yī)院的設(shè)備配齊要花一年時間.

Weneverdoubtedhisequipmentforthisimportantposition.

我們對他擔(dān)任這一要職的能力從未懷疑過.

相關(guān)短語：equip….for….（為了.…而裝備,使.…有準(zhǔn)備），equiponeself/sb./sth.

Withsth.（用裝備），beequippedtodosth.（為了做..而裝備）,beequipped

with..…（配備著….）.

Ourlaboratoryiswellequipped.

Hisworkexperienceequippedhimtodealwithallkindsofpeople.

他的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)使他能與個中國移動人打交道.

Thesoldiersareequippedwiththemodernweapons.

5.appoint:任命/委派/約會.

相關(guān)短語：appoint+n.+（as/tobe）（任命某人為beappointedas/tobe+n.（某

人被任命為….）,appointsb.todosth.（指定某人做），appointsb.tosp.（委派某人去

某地任職）,appointtimeforsth.（確定…的時間）,appointaplaceforsth.（確定...的地

點(diǎn)），make/have/fixanappointmentwithsb.（與.…某人預(yù)約），keep/breakan

appointment（守約/違約）,byappointment（按約定，按事先約定的時間）

Theyappointedhim（tobe）manager.

Heappointedtheschoolhouseastheplaceforthemeeting.他制定校舍為開會地點(diǎn).

TheymadeanappointmentfortheseconddayofMay.他們在五月二號有個約會.

TheDirectoronlyseesstudentsbyappointment.系主任只按規(guī)定的時間約見學(xué)生.

6.evaluate:評估評價評估報告

estimate:指由個人做出的主觀估價.assess:引申為通過估價以便更好地利用.

Evaluate:指使判斷絕對準(zhǔn)確，但多用于對人物的某方面的評價，很少用于評價某物

的市場價值.value:側(cè)重于指一般人對某物的價值或價格所做的估計(jì).

Let'sevaluatetheevidence.

Iattemptedanhonestevaluationofmyown.我試圖如實(shí)評價我自己的一生.

Thepoliceestimatedthenumberofdemonstratorsatabout5,000.

警方估計(jì)示威者的人數(shù)為五千左右.

Thevalueofthispropertywasassessedatonemilliondollars.

財產(chǎn)的價值估計(jì)為一百萬美元.

Ourresearchattemptstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthedifferentdrugs.

我們的研究試圖對不同的藥物的療效進(jìn)行評估.

Ivaluethisnecklaceat$5,000.我估計(jì)這條項(xiàng)鏈的價值五千美元.

7.bumsth.Tosth.把某物燒成某種狀態(tài).

相關(guān)短語:bumtodeath（燒死）,burnoff（燒掉）,burndown（建筑物等被燒毀）,bum

up（燒旺燒壞）,burnout（燒毀累壞）

Hehasnoplacetoliveinbecausehishousehasbeenburnttotheground.

Youhaveburntthetoasttocinder.你把面包片燒焦7.

Don'tleavethegasonyoumightbumthehousedown.

Thehouseburntdowninhalfanhour.

Allthewoodhasbeenburntup.

Thehotelwascompletelyburntout.該旅館毀于大火.

Ifhedoesn'tstopworkingsohard,hewillbumhimselfout.

8.beaboutto...when岡”要..這時（when=andthen）

was（were）doingwhen正在.…突然..;

Not（hardly）had+主語+donewhen剛一（還沒）..就….；

was（were）onthepointofdoingwhen….正要.…就在這時

Theywerejustabouttogiveupthequestion,whensuddenlytheyfoundtheanswer.

HardlyhadIfallenasleepwhenthetelephonerang.我剛一睡著，電話就響T.

Wewerereadingintheroomwhensomeonecamein.

9.adapt:改變以適應(yīng)新條件；adjust:調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)整，是適應(yīng)；fit:多用于大小合適;

suit:多用于指“合乎要求口味性格情況”等；match:指“大小色調(diào)形狀性質(zhì)等

相配或相稱”

Youshouldadaptyourselftothenewenvironment.

你應(yīng)該調(diào)整自己以適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境.

Youcan'tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyes.

你把望遠(yuǎn)鏡調(diào)節(jié)到適合你的目光之后，你才能看得見.

Theshoesfittedmewell.這雙鞋很適合我.

Nodishsuitsalltaste.眾口難調(diào).

Aredjacketdoesn'tmatchgreentrousers.紅夾克和綠褲子不搭配.

10.makeone，sway（to/towards）:向某地走去makeone5sway:有出息.

Shehesitated,butmadeherwayforward.她猶豫了一會兒，但向前走去.

Shehastilylefttheroom,andmadeherwaytoherbed.

她迅速離開房間，朝她床邊走去.

Ifyouwanttomakeyourwayinyourworld,youmustlearntoworkhardwhileyou

arestillyoung.

你若想要有出息，趁年輕的時候要學(xué)會發(fā)奮.

相關(guān)短語：feelone'sway（摸索前進(jìn)）,pushone'sway（擠過）,findone、way（設(shè)法到

達(dá)）,goone5sway（走自己的路我行我素）,fightone5sway（奮勇前進(jìn)）,windone'sway

（蜿蜒前進(jìn)），loseone'sway（迷路），ontheway,intheway,noway（絕不），bytheway

11.potential:可能性潛力潛能；潛在的可能的

Shehasactingpotential,butsheneedstraining.

Theproducthasevenmorepotentialinexportmarkets.

這種產(chǎn)品在出口市場上甚至?xí)懈蟮匿N售潛力。

Step5Usingwordsandexpressions

1.TurntoPage70.AskstudentstodoexercisesinUsingWordsandExpressionsinthe

workbook.Thefollowingproceduresmaybefollowed.

2.請根據(jù)課文中注釋或首字母提示，用本單元所學(xué)的詞的正確形式填空.

1）HowcanIexpressmy（感激）foryourselfishhelp?

2）MissGreen（揮手）andcarriedhersuitcasetoherfather'scar.

3）AsfarasIamconcerned,yourdaughter'sidealis（絕對地）independence.

4）Thegirlwas（'I京'I荒）whensherealizedshecouldn'tfindthewaybacktothe

hotel.

5）Thestory（使興奮）thelittleboyverymuch.

6）Onhotdaysweoftengo（洗澡）intheriver.

7）Itwaswet,colddayandthechildrenwereb.

8）It'smanyyearssinceMountVesuviuslaste.

9）Hedrewfanimalswithtwoheadsandlargewings.

10）I'matogethometoopenmypresents.

11）Theyhadtoctomorrow'sfootballmatchbecauseofthebadweather.

12）Theprofessorwilletheperformanceofeachstudentinhisclass.

13）Tommywantedtobuythisbusinesss,buthiswifedidn'tlikeit.

14）Ifeelsoluckytohaveafriendjustlikeyouandyourfriendshipismostpto

me.

15)Thetrafficpolicedemandthatthetruckdriverstophistuckathe

restaurant.

(Suggestedanswers:appreciation;waved;absolute;panicked;excited;bathing;bored;

erupted;fantastic;anxious;cancel;suit;evaluate;precious;alongside)

Step6Homework

1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.DoExercise3intheexercisebook.

2.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsbyheart.

Reflectionafterclass:

PeriodThreeGrammar:the——ingForm

Knowledgeandskills:

1.Getthestudentstoknowthedifferenceformsandusagesofthepresentparticiple.

2.Enablethestudentstousethepresentparticipleastheadverbialcorrectlyand

probably.

Teachingdifficultandimportantpoints:

1.Getthestudentstomasterthestructureandusageofthe—ingform.

2.Enablethestudentstolearnhowtousethe—ingformcorrectly.

Step1Revision

1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.

2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.

Step2Warmingup

Askstudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructuresand

themeaningofthe—ingform.

1.the—ingformastheadverbial

1)BecauseIwasfeelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.(=Feelingtired)

2)WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=Walking)

3)Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Turning)

4)ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.(=Knowing)

5)Istoodthere,andwaitedforher.(=waiting)

2.havingdone

1)AfterIhadfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.(=Havingfinished)

2)Becausethebookhadbeenwritteninhaste,ithassomefaults.(=Havingbeen

written)

(注意：1-The-ingformcanbeusedastheadverbialinasentencetogiveinformation

abouttime,reasonorresult.2.Thestructure“havingdone^^isusedtorefertoanaction

thattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbytheverbinthesameclause.)

Step3Summingup

語法基礎(chǔ)：

l.V—ing形式作狀語的基本用法.V—ing形式用作狀語修飾動詞，其動作執(zhí)行者

與句子主語之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系.在句子中表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步

行為，方式或伴隨情況等.V—ing形式做時間，原因，條件，讓步狀語時多位于句首;

做結(jié)果，伴隨,情況狀語時常常位于句末，相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的狀語從句.

1）Crossing/Whenhecrossedtheroad,hewasrunoverbyacar.（時間）

2）Being/Sincehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.（原因）

3）Hisfatherdied,leaving/andlefthimalotofmoney.（結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于—1K并列謂

語）

4）Working/Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.（條件）

5）Knowing/Althoughtheyknowallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.（讓步）

6）Helayonthegrass,staring/andstaredattheskyforalongtime.（表行為方式,伴

隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)）

2.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語的標(biāo)志

1）be的現(xiàn)在分詞短語常常表示原因（構(gòu)成being+adj./n.）

Beingsoexcited,manyofuscouldnotgotosleepthatnight.

BeingPartymembers,weshouldtaketheleadineverything..

2）含有“知道”“忘記”等心理活動的現(xiàn)在分詞短語一般表示原因.類似的詞語有:

noticing,thinking,earning,sensing等.

Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.

3）由連系動詞組成的分詞短語（包括分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)），一般表示原因.

Feelingtired,Ilaydownonthegrass.

4）句子動詞含有“必須”“不得不”等意思時，作狀語的現(xiàn)在分成（或獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）一

般表示原因.

Therainhavingruinedmyhat,Ihadtobuyanewone.

3.V—ing分詞的一般式的動作和后面的動作使同時進(jìn)行的動作，完成式的動作是

先于后面句子動詞的動作發(fā)生.

Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.

4.V—ing分詞的語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞的主動是表示動作由句子主語發(fā)出，而被動時表

示主語承受該動作.

Beingnoticedbysomanypeople,shefeltnervous,notknowingwhattodo.

Nothavingbeenwashedinthecorrectway,thecoathasfaded.

5.V—ing分詞的否定形式，由not/never加V—ing分詞構(gòu)成

Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.

6.V—ing形式作狀語時應(yīng)注意的問題

1）V—ing形式作狀語于過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別.（主動與進(jìn)行/被動與完成）

Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofdeadbodiesandweapons.（主動關(guān)

系，作伴隨狀語）

Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic.（被動和完成關(guān)系，表示原因）

2）V—ing分詞（短語）作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致.如果不一致,

必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語.

Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you'llfindthattheyhavemuchin

common.

Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtopolicemanforhelp.

Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherone.

3）但有些分詞短語可以作獨(dú)立成分，用來解釋整個句子，不受句子主語的限制.

常見的分詞短語有：generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,supposing（假設(shè)），judging

from（從.…判斷）,talkingof（談到）,speakingof（談到）

Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.

Judgingfromhisaccount,hemustbefromthenorth.

Step4Practice

高考題再現(xiàn)：

一.單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.

A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause

2.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu,

Qinghaiprovinceaftertheearthquake.

A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent

3.Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tomissanypoint.

A.nottryingB.tryingnotC.totrynotD.nottotry

4.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficsmoothly.

A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running

5.Amyjoinedapaintinggroupbutdidn'tseemto,sosheleft.

A.showoffB.goupC.fitinD.comeover

6.theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsof

victory.

A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Being

thrown

7.Thereareplentyofjobsinthewesternpartofthecountry.

A.presentB.availableC.preciousD.convenient

8.thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.

A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized

9.Theglassdoorshavetakenplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,inthe

naturallightduringtheday.

A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet

10.Mymotheralwaysgetsabitifwedon'tarrivewhenwesaywewill.

A.anxiousB.ashamedC.weakD.patient

11.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.

A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover

12.Theflowerssweetinthebotanicalgardenattractedthevisitorstothe

beautyofnature.

A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt

13.Willthosethechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster'soffice?

A.teachingB.teachC.whoteachesD.whoteaching

14.themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.

A.ThepresidentwillattendB.Thepresidenttoattend

C.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident'sattending

15.——Whydidyougobacktotheshop?

——Ileftmyfriendthere.

A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits

16.Don5tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.

A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun

17.Acoowillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.

A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked

18.Whendifferentculture,weoftenpayattentiontothedifferenceswithout

noticingthemanysimilarities.

A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared

19.Moreandmorepeoplearesigningupforyogaclassesnowadays,advantage

ofthehealthandrelaxationbene