機(jī)考2020A大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(下)

機(jī)考2020A大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（下）

我的成績(jī)83分，考試時(shí)間：2020年04月17日21:15:29-21:22:08,已做1次。［查看考

試記錄］

閱讀理解題

Spending50minuteswithacellphoneclosetoyourearisenought

ochangebraincellactivityinthepartofthebrainclosesttotheant

enna（天線）.Butwhetherthatcausesanyharmisnotclear,scientists

attheNationalInstituteofHealthsaidataconferencelastmonth,ad

dingthatthestudywillnotlikelysettleconcernsofalinkbetweence

IIphonesandbraincancer."Whatweshowedisglucose（葡萄糖）met

abolism（代謝）（asignofbrainactivity）increasesinthebraininpeopl

ewhowereexposedtoacellphoneintheareaclosesttotheantenn

a,"saidDr.NoraVolkowoftheNIH,whosestudywaspublishedint

heJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.Thestudywasmeant

toexaminehowthebrainreactstoelectromagneticfieldscausedby

wirelessphonesignals.

Volkowsaidshewassurprisedthattheweakelectromagneticradiation

（電磁輻射）fromcellphonescouldaffectbrainactivity,butshesaidt

hefindingsdonotshedanylightonwhethercellphonescausecance

r.”Thisstudydoesnotinanywayindicatethat.Whatthestudydoes

istoshowthehumanbrainissensitivetoelectromagneticradiationf

romcellphoneexposures."Useofthedeviceshasincreaseddramatic

allysincetheywereintroducedintheearly1980s,withabout5billion

cellphonesnowinuseworldwide.

Somestudieshavelinkedcellphoneexposuretoanincreasedriskof

braincancers,butalargestudybytheWorldHealthOrganizationdid

notofferaclearanswertothis.Volkow,steamstudied47peoplew

hohadtheirbrainexaminedwhileacellphonewasturnedonfor50

minutesandanotherwhilethephonewasturnedoff.Whiletherewa

snocompletechangeinbrainmetabolism,theyfounda7percentin

creaseinbrainmetabolismintheregionclosesttothecellphoneant

ennawhenthephonewason.

Expertssaidtheresultswereinteresting,buturgedthattheybeunder

stoodwithgreatcare."Althoughthebiologicalsignificance,ifany,of

increasedglucosemetabolismfromtoomuchcellphoneexposureis

unknown,theresultsrequirefurtherinvestigation,KHenryLaioftheU

DiversityofWashingtonintheU.S.andDr.LennartHardellofUniversi

tyHospitalinSweden,wroteinanarticleinJAMA."Muchhastobe

donetofurtherinvestigateandunderstandtheseeffects/*theywrote.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

（2分）

A.Cellphoneuseisdangerous.

B.Cellphoneusecausescancer.

C.Thehumanbrainisanelectromagneticfield.

D.Thereareabout5billioncellphoneusersintheworldrightnow.

我的答案：D

得分：2分

2、

DoctorVolkowwasastonishedbecause

（2分）

A.herresearchhasshedlightonherunderstandingofcellphone

B.shefoundthatcellphoneexposureisharmfultohumanbrain

C.shefoundthatusingacellphoneforaboutminutescouldinfluenceorc

hangebrainactivity

D.humanbrainisnotresponsivetoelectromagneticradiation

我的答案：C

得分：2分

3、

Accordingtothepassage,cellphoneswerelaunched

（2分）

A.inthelate1970s

B.between1980and1985

C.inthelate1980s

D.intheearly1990s

我的答案：B

得分：2分

4、

Whatdoestheword"that"standforinthesecondparagraph?

（2分）

A.Brainactivity.

B.Herresearchfinding.

C.Thefactthatcellphoneusemaycausecancer.

D.Herresearchprogress.

我的答案：C

得分：2分

Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?（2分）

A.CellPhoneRadiation:IsItHarmful?

B.CellPhoneRadiation:IsItUseful?

C.CellPhoneRadiation:IsItHealthy?

D.CellPhoneRadiation:IsItWeak?

我的答案：A

得分：2分

Almosttwoyearsago,Istoodonabalcony,joinedhandswithmythr

eemostintimatefriendsandlistenedtooneofthemtellastoryabo

utfourgirlswithdifferentbackgroundsandtalentswholefthomean

dwenttocollegeatamythicalplacecalledHappyValley.

Afterweleftourfriend'sapartmentthatlastnightofourfreshmany

ear,weendeduponthelawn,playingfrisbeeat3a.m.andsittingo

nthedormitorystepstalkingforhours.

Alisa,Karen,GabrielleandIhadspentthatdaytogetherjustbeingfre

shmen—goingtothesandwichshopforthelastlunchofthesemester,

tryingoneachother'sclothes,watchingmoviesandactinglikewew

ouldneverseeeachotheragain.

ThreeMonthsisaLongTime

Forfreshmen,andespeciallyforus,sayinggoodbyeattheendofthe

firstyearcanfeellikesayinggoodbyeforever.

Threemonthscanseemlikealongtimewhenyouareleavingfriends

andacquaintanceswhomyouhaveonlyknownforayear.Yourfresh

manyearmomentsareirreplaceable.

Myadvicetoanyfreshmenreadingthisistocherishthosemoments.

Youmaygrowcompletelyapartfromthepeopleyouspentyourfirst

yearwith,oryoumayfindyourselffortunatelycomparingthemtosib

lingsattheendofyourjunioryearasIdid.

Evenifyouhavealmostforgottenyourfreshmanyearroommatestwo

yearslater,andbarelyrecognizethemwhenyouencountertheminf

rontofthegymnasium,youcanneverreplacethatyearandthebran

d-newfeelingthatyourfirstyearofcollegebrings.

Alotwillchangeafteryourfreshmanyear.Youwillmeetnewpeople

anddonewthings.Youwilldoalotmoregrowingup.

Atthebeginningofoursenioryear,Karentookherhometownboyfri

endKevinonatourofcampusanddowntown."That'swherewegre

wup,"shetoldhim,motioningtowardAthertonHall,wherethefour

ofusspentourfirsttwoyearsatPennState.

Welearnedmoreoutsidetheclassroomthanwelearnedinsideit.Tha

tdormiswherewelearnedanddiscussedthelessonsofourfreshma

nandsophomoreyears.IthinktheprincipallessonIlearnedwasthe

definitionoftruefriendship.AndIhaveneverhadnorwilleverhave

betterteachersthanAlisa,KarenandGabrielle.

ThatlessoncanbestbesummarizedbysomethingAlisaandKarentol

dmewhenIwasupsetattheendoflastsemesterandneededash

ouldertocryon.Theysaidnomatterhowfarwedriftapartorwho

elsewebecomefriendswithaftercollege,wewillalwaysinclinetore

calleachotherfirstwheneverwethinkofcollege.

Icouldn,tagreemore.

ThestoryAlisatoldonthatbalconyisfarfromover.Isometimeswo

nderifthefollowingishowitwillend:

"...andthosefourlittlegirlsgrewupandrealizedtheirdreams.Theyf

oundthemselvesalloverthecountry,fromfarms,tocities,tothesub

urbs,doingeverythingtheywantedtodo-acomputertechnician,a

physician,anattorney,andanarchitect—withthecompanionsthey

wantedinhusbands,childrenandpets.

Andoccasionallytheywouldmakeitbacktoreunionsatthatmythical

valleyandseetheiroldfriends,laughingaboutthegoodtimes.They

hadsucceededinforgettinganyofthebadtimes.

Andtheylivedhappilyeverafter."

6、

Inwhatyearofcollegeistheauthoratthetimeofthearticle?（2分）

A.Senior

B.Sophomore

C.Junior

D.Freshman

我的答案：C

得分：2分

7、

WhatdidthefourgirlsNOTdotogetherthelastdayoftheirfreshman

year?

（2分）

A.Eatlunch.

BaTakeatouraroundthecampus.

C.Tryonclothing.

D.Watchmovies.

我的答案：B

得分：2分

&

Whatistheauthor'sviewofcollegefreshmen?

（2分）

A.Theyareverymature.

B.Theyareveryimmature.

C.Theyareveryconfused

D?Theyarechangingandgrowing.

我的答案：D

得分：2分

9、

Whatkindsofcareersdidtheauthorhopeherclassmateswouldhave?

（2分）

A.Excitingandentertainingcareers.

B.Careersthatrequireeducation.

C.Careersthatcanmakethemrich.

D.Careerswithsparetimeforotheractivities.

我的答案：B

得分：0分

10、

Whichofthefollowingwillthegirlsprobablyrememberbest?

（2分）

A.Thebadtimes.

B.Thegoodtimes.

C.Thefinalexaminations.

D.Alltheabove.

我的答案：B

得分：2分

Parties,drinking,eating—oh,andworking—allhelppassthetime,but

deepdownthere'ssomethingyou'rereallyeagertofind,butyouc

an,tquiteputyourfingeron.Whatyouhavebeenlookingfor,myfr

iend,isthechancetothrowyourselfintotheworldofUniversitySoci

eties,anddiscoverthehugerangeofactivitieswhichthriveinacityli

keOxford.

Whetheryouwanttopursueanexistinginterestordevelopnewones,

yourfirstmoveshouldbetocheckoutthebewilderinglylargearray

ofclubsattheOUSUFreshers'Fair.WithyourFreshers'Fairticket,

youcangetyourhandsonabrand-neweditionofthecomprehensive

guidetoallthingsatOxford.IfyoumisstheFair,don/tdespair:you

canseewhatsocietiesareofferedintheOxfordDirectory,ahandbo

okissuedtoyouinFreshers,Week.Takeawhiletobrowsethrough

—ifsyouronemajorchancetofindoutaboutwhatgoesoninthe

University.

Thedegreetowhichpeoplegetinvolvedinsocietiesvariesagreatd

eal.Sometotallyimmersethemselvesinaclub,hardlyspeakingtoan

yonewhoisn'tmemberofthatgroupforthenextthreeyearsandri

singtobecomealeaderoftheorganization.Othersprefertotakea

moreeclecticapproach,beingmembersofseveralsocietiesandtaking

partinwhicheveroftheireventsseeminteresting.Manypeople,perh

apsfoolishly,completelyignoreUniversitysocietiesandjusthangout

withmatesincollege.

Societiesofferagreatchancetomeetpeoplefromoutsidecollege,w

hich,especiallyforartsstudents,issomethingitissometimesdifficult

todo.Butdon'tforgetthatmostcollegeshavetheirownflourishin

gsocieties,whichyoumaybeabletojoininyourcollegeduringFris

hers'Week.Musicanddramaareoftenpopularanditisveryeasyt

ogetsomematestogetherandstartsomethingup.Ifyouhaveambi

tionstoopenupyournewShakespearianRapSocietytothewholeU

Diversity,youcanregisteritwiththeUniversityProctors,whogiveout

start-upgrantsandloans,amongotherbenefits.

Oneofthedownsides,especiallywithlargersocieties,isthehacking

whichtakesplace."Hack"isthenegativetermappliedtothoseseek

ingadvancement(usuallytoPresident)inwhateverCluborSociety,a

ndsomeclubssuchastheOxfordUnionortheGuildSocietytendto

attractthosewiththesparkofambitionmorethanothers.Whenstu

dentssuddenlyremembertheirblankCVswhicharesupposedtosecu

rethemahighlypaidjoboncetheygraduate,hackeryisalmostinevit

able.Donotbeafraid,though:thevastmajorityofstudentstendto

avoidsuchself-seekingbehaviorandgetonwithlife.

Withover300registeredsocietiestherereallyissomethingforeveryo

ne.Apartfromtheobviouspoliticalpartiesandsportsclubsthereare

groupsforallthemainreligions;societiesinterestedinthesocietya

ndcultureofcountriesfromChinatoBulgaria,andUKregionsfromS

cotlandtoEssex;charitiesforthoseinterestedinvoluntarywork,litera

ture,music,dramaandsci-fi;andafairnumberofstrangegroupssue

hastheLMHPuddingSociety,theOxfordStuntFactoryandthePoo

hSticksSociety.Youwon'tgetbored.

AttheFreshers'Fair,afreshmancanlearn

（2分）

A.howtopursueanexistinginterest

B?howtocheckoutthelargearrayofclubsandsocieties

C.howtodevelopsomenewinterests

D.howtothrowoneselfintotheworldofUniversitySocieties

我的答案：B

12、

Ifastudenttakesaneclecticapproachofclubsandsocieties,wecansay

thatthe

（2分）

A.joinsseveralsocietiesandlekespartininterestingevents

B.hangsoutwithmembersofjustonecluborsociety

C.completelyignoresUniversitySocieties

D.issureofbecomealeaderinatleastonegroup

我的答案：A

得分：2分

Theeasierwaytomakenewfriendsis____.

（2分）

A.toattendtheFreshers'Fair

B?tojoinsomeclubsandsocieties

C.tostartanewsociety

D.toenjoymusicanddrama

我的答案：B

得分：2分

14、

Accordingtothepassage,“tohack“means____.

（2分）

A.toenteracomputersystemandmakechangeswithoutpermission

B.toseekadvancementineverycluborsocietyapersonjoins

C.togetinvolvedinsocieties

D.todisplayone'sambition

我的答案：B

得分：2分

15、

Somestudentstrytohackintheclubsbecause

（2分）

A.theyhavetheambitionofbecomingthePresidentoftheclub

B.theywanttogetgrantsandloansandotherbenefitsfromtheUniversityPro

ctors

C.theywouldhaveagreatchancetomeetpeoplefromoutsidecollege

D.theywouldbuildtheirCVswhichmayhelppromotetheirfuturecareers

我的答案：D

得分：2分

ThenuclearpoweremergencyataJapaneseatomicpowerplantlast

Marchcouldleadtoamajorre-examinationinEuropeancountriestha

tarealreadybuildingsuchplantsorareconsideringashiftfromfossi

I（化石）fuelstonuclearenergytofightclimatechange.Withtheterri

bleaccident25yearsagoinChernobyl（切爾諾貝利）beginningtofade

inEuropeanmemories,governmentsacrossEuropehavegrownmore

opentousingmorenuclearpower.Enthusiasmfornuclearpowerisp

articularlystronginEasternEurope,whichwantstomoveawayfrom

dependenceonRussianoilandnaturalgas,andonheavilypollutingc

oal-firedpowerplants.Easterngovernmentshavebegunimprovingexi

stingnuclearplantsorarebuildingorplanningnewones.ButasJapan

struggledtodealwithhernuclearcrisis,discussionaboutthegoodan

dthebadofnuclearpowerbecameheated.

InGermany,nuclearpowerhasbeenarepeatedlyarguedandwidelyfe

Itissuefordecades.Upto70percentofGermansopposenuclearpo

wer.Recently,about40,000peopleturnedouttoformahumanchain

nearanuclearplanttoprotestgovernmentpoliciesonnuclearpower,

“TheaccidentinJapancouldleadtoamajorrethinkinEurope,"said

HenrikPaulitzoftheInternationalDoctorsforthePreventionofNucle

arWar."Governmentshavenotbeenquiteopenaboutthesafetylev

elsofthenuclearpowerplants.”

Chancellor（總理）AngelaMerkelheadsacenter-rightunitygovernment

thatsupportstheuseofnuclearpower.Hergovernmentrecentlyma

deadisputeddecisiontoextendthelifeofthecountryzs17nuclear

powerplantsbyanaverageof12years.Shewillnowfacemorepress

uretochangethatpolicy.Shecalledanemergencymeetingwithher

seniorministers."Weknowhowsafeourplantsareandthatwedo

notfaceathreatfromsuchaseriousearthquakeorviolenttidalwav

e,"Mr.Merkelsaidafterthemeeting."Wewilllearnwhatwecanfr

omtheeventsinJapan.”

16、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutEuropeisTR

UE?

（2分）

A.ItisdependentonRussiaforgasandoil.

B.Ithasputanendtofossilfuels.

C.Ithadamajornuclearaccidentthisyear.

D.Itislikelythattheywouldrethinktheirnuclearpowerpolicies.

我的答案：A

得分：0分

17、

Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingstatementsaboutEastern

EuropearetrueEXCEPT_.

（2分）

A.theyareeagertobuildnewnuclearpowerplants

B.theyhavetotallyforgottentheChernobylaccident25yearsago

C.theyhaveimprovedtheirnuclearpowerplants

D.theywantenergyindependence

我的答案：B

得分：2分

18、

Inthesecondparagraph,theauthormainlydiscusses_.

（2分）

A.thenuclearaccidentinJapanlastMarch

B.nuclearpowerpoliciesinGermany

C.Germanattitudetowardsnuclearpower

D.ThesafetylevelsofnuclearpowerplantsinGermany

我的答案：C

得分：2分

19、

Theword“heads“inthethirdparagraphcanbebestreplacedby

（2分）

A.leads

B.tops

C.mind

D.arms

我的答案：A

得分：2分

20、

Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?（2分）

A.Japan*sNuclearCrisisCausesFearinEurope

B.TheChernobylDisasterHelpsEuropeBetterUnderstandNuclearPowerEnergy

C.GermanGovernmentSupportsNuclearPowerEnergy.

D.GermanyHasLearntaLessonFromJapan.

我的答案：A

得分：2分

詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)題

21、Hethinkstheyarehonestbut___heisnotcompletelysure.（1分）

A,anyhow

B.somehow

C.anyway

D.somewhat

我的答案：A

得分：0分

22.

Hehasnevertraveledtoaforeigncountry,.?（1分）

A?doeshe

B.doesn'the

C.hashe

D.hasnzthe

我的答案：A

得分：0分

23、

Thenext__confrontingtheworkersistheincreaseofwages.（1分）

A.item

B.idea

C.issue

D.iron

我的答案：C

得分：1分

24、

Therearesomanykindsofcomputersintheshop.Ireallydon'tknow

_tochoose.（1分）

A.what

B.which

C?how

D.where

我的答案：C

得分：0分

25、

bythetimeigraduatefromcollegeienglishfor16years.（1分）

A.learn

B.willhavelearned

C.willlearn

D.learned

我的答案：B

得分：1分

26.

Hehasmade__inhisstudyofEnglish.（1分）

A.aprogress

B.progresses

C.theprogress

D.progress

我的答案：D

得分：1分

27、

Infact9Chinaisoneofthe13thirstiestcountriesithastheworld'sthir

dlargestwatersupply.（1分）

A.until

B.if

C?though

D.because

我的答案：C

得分：1分

28、

It__thatthekidshadspentthewholedayplayingvideogames.（1分）

A.turnedout

B.turneddown

C.turnedon

D.turnedoff

我的答案：A

得分：1分

29、

Allthefollowingareschoolrulesexcept.（1分）

A.Don'tfight

B.Nosmoking

C.Don'ttalkloudly

D.Nophotos

我的答案：D

得分：1分

30、Inadditionto___careofher3-year-oldson,shehastaken3onlinecou

rses.（1分）

A.take

B.took

C,havetaken

D.taking

我的答案：C

得分：o分

31、

Hehasfivedifferentbooks.Oneisred,isblueandaregreen.

（1分）

A.another;theother

B.theother;others

C.others;theothers

D,another;theothers

我的答案：D

得分：1分

32.

Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?（1分）

A.whatwillTomdo

B.whatdidTomdo

C.whatTomwilldo

D.WhatTomdid

我的答案：C

得分：1分

33.

Helenhastwosistersandabrother.Herbrotherisworking,buther

sistersarestillatschool.（1分）

A.neither

B.either

C.all

D.both

我的答案：D

得分：1分

34、

It___ustohearthatyouwereleaving.Whynottellusearlier.（1.分）

A.amused

B.ambushed

C.amended

D.amazed

我的答案：C

得分：0分

35、Nowadaysmany___arebeginningtoconsiderchoosingacareer.（1分）

A.freshmen

B.sophomores

C.juniors

D.seniors

我的答案：B

得分：0分

36、

Heisseriouslyillandhasbeentransferredto___care.（1分）

A?intensive

B.instructive

C.impressive

D.initiative

我的答案：A

得分：1分

37.

Tomissuchaniceguy.Hewillnot__amomenttoofferhelp.（1分）

A.intend

B.recommend

C.investigate

D.hesitate

我的答案：D

得分：1分

38、

TheteachermadeusEnglishexercisesallthetime.（1分）

A.do

B.did

C.doing

D.todo

我的答案：D

得分：0分

39、

thesun___bythetimeigothomefromtheparty.（1分）

A.rises

B.rose

C.hadrisen

D.willrise

我的答案：A

40、Pleasethehamandgreenonionsfinely,thenathemt

othebread.（1分）

A.cutup

B.cutinto

C.cutin

D.cutoff

我的答案：A

得分：1分

41、

Thiskindofcomputerisconsideredthebestthathasbeenmadeinour

country.（1分）

A.sogood

B.sofar

C.sowhat

D.solong

我的答案：B

得分：1分

42、

Pleasetakethemedicinethreetimesaday,itwon'tworkwell.（1分）

A.or

B.and

C.but

D.so

我的答案：A

得分：1分

43、

Thefactoriesintheareaallworkonatwo-shift__.（1分）

A.background

B.bond

C?basis

D.bow

我的答案：C

得分：1分

44、Theplane__arriveat8:30p.m.hasbeendelayed.（1分）

A.objectto

B.lookforwardto

C.dueto

D.usedto

我的答案：C

得分：1分

45、

Didheeventually__findinganewapartmentclosertothecampus?（1分）

A.succeedin

B.successof

C.successfulon

D.successionat

我的答案：A

得分：1分

46、

TheInternetenablesusto___theworldwithoutleavinghome.（1分）

A.explode

B.explore

C-export

D.exercise

我的答案：C

得分：o分

47、

EveryoneinourvillagelikeHarrybecausehealwaystalkstoothers?

（1分）

A.friendly

B.lovely

C.politely

D.slowly

我的答案：C

得分：1分

48、Thestudents___impatientlyinseatsduringthelongspeechbytheDean.

（1分）

A.turned

B.changed

C.shifted

D.looked

我的答案：C

得分：1分

49、

Diana,togetherwithherfriends,ChineseinChina.（1分）

A.study

B.havestudied

C.studies

D.arestudying

我的答案：B

得分：0分

50.

Thechildrenreveled___thesimplepleasuresofcountrylife.（1分）

A.with

B.on

C.in

D.at

我的答案：A

得分：o分

完形填空題

TheroleofwomeninBritainhaschangedalotinthiscentury,51inthelasttwentyyear

s.Themainchangehasbeen52givingwomengreaterequalitywithmen.Uptotheb

eginningofthiscentury,womenseemtohavehad53rights.Theycouldnotvoteandwe

rekeptathome.54,asfarasweknow,mostwomenwerehappywiththissituation.

Today,womeninBritaincertainly55morerightsthantheyusedto.Theywere56thevote

in1919.In1970alawwaspassedtogivethemanequa57ofwealthinthecaseofd

ivorce,andtheEqualPayActgavethemtherightofequalpaywithmenforworkof

equalvalueinthesameyear.

Yet58thesechanges,therearestillgreatdifferenceinstatusbetweenmenand

women.Manyemployersseemto59theEqualPayAct,andtheaverageworking

womenis60toearnonlyabouthalfwhichamanearnsforthesamejob.61a

survey,atpresent,onlyone-thirdofthecountry'sworkersare62women.Thiss

mallpercentageispartly63ashortageofnurseries.Iftherewere64nurseries,tw

iceasmanywomen65goouttowork.

（15分）

51、

Acertainly

目especially

Capparently

-1

□practically

towards

Bagainst

Cupon

□through

53、

AX

IAIfew

@less

0some

Dmany

54、

^Besides

BTherefore

CHowever

DThen

55、

/lack

國(guó)enjoy

□

Coccupy

Dtake

56、

given

Bdeprived

Cdenied

□approved

Bvalue

I_I

Cnumber

Dshare

58、

Abecauseof

Binsteadof

cnspiteof

aresultof

59、

^support

0favour

cgnore

Ddoubt

60、

IAIlikely

Bwilling

[ready

Dabout

AApartform

^Accordingto

CBecauseof

Dinadditionto

62、

'bymistake

Bbyaccident

Cinturn

Jinfact

63、

Ainvolvedin

LJ

^stemmedfrom

[relatedto

□resultedin

64、

IAIefficient

Badvanced

Cdelicate

Denough

65、

mightwell

Bhadbetter

Caregoingto

Dareaboutto

我的答案：

51>B52、A53、B54、C55、B56、A57、D58、C

59C60、A61、B62、D63、B64、D65、A

得分：51、1分52、1分53、1分54、1分55、1分56、1分

57、1