江蘇省無(wú)錫市普通高中2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題含解析

PAGE36-江蘇省無(wú)錫市一般中學(xué)2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）留意:本試卷分第一卷(選擇題)和其次卷(非選擇題)兩部分。答案全部做在答題卡上?？偡譃?20分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一卷(選擇題，共85分)第一部分聽(tīng)力測(cè)試(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分20分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwant?A.Coffee.B.Juice.C.Tea2.Howdoesthemangoshoppingnow?A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Bycar.3.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Afilm.B.Anactor.C.Theman'ssister.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahospital5.Whatdoesthewomanplantodotomorrowmorning?A.Stayinbed.B.Dosomewashing.C.Cookbreakfastherself.其次節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘:聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Driverandpassenger.C.Husbandandwife.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.TelephoneTom.B.Listentosomemusic.C.Attendaconcert.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatisthegirllongingtodo?A.Travelalone.B.Stayoutlateonweekdays.C.Havemorepocketmoney.9.Howoldmightthegirlbe?A.15.B.17.C.I1.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Beforeclass.B.Inclass.C.Afterclass.11.Whattroubledoestheboyhave?A.Heisconfusedaboutpartofwhatthey'velearnttoday.B.Heunderstandsnothingofwhatthey'velearnttoday.C.HehasdifficultyunderstandingChapter3ofthetextbook.12.Howdoesthewomandealwiththeboy'strouble?A.Explainthepuzzletohiminclass.B.Askhimtogotoherofficethatafternoon.C.Asktheboytorefertothetextbookfirstonhisown.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whereisthewomangoingnow?A.Toanartmuseum.B.ToaChineserestaurant.C.Toanundergroundstation.14.Whydoesthewomancometothecity?A.Onbusiness.B.Forshopping.C.Fortravelling.15.Whydoesthemanrecommendtherestauranttothewoman?A.Becausetheservicethereisgood.BBecausethefoodthereistasty.C.Becausethepricethereislow.16.Whichisthebestmeansoftransporttotherestaurantaccordingtotheman?A.Thebus.B.Thetaxi.C.Theunderground.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatmakesfattymealsmorepopularwithchildren?A.Freetoys.B.Fastfood.C.Specialdiscounts.18.Whatmiddaysnacksareoverweightchildrenadvisedtoeat?A.Chocolatebars.B.Sweetcookies.C.Applepies.19.Whatisthemostimportantthingingettingchildrentoexercise?A.Forcingthemtoexerciseeveryday.B.Makingexercisefunforthem.C.Teachingthemtohaveastrongwill.20.Howmanysuggestionsdoestheauthorprovideforoverweightchildren?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.其次部分:英語(yǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分)第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題:每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)請(qǐng)細(xì)致閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B.C.D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1.Thegreatestgiftsinlifearenotpurchased,but_____throughhardworkanddetermination.A.acquired B.arranged C.adored D.allocated【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：生活中最寶貴的禮物不是買(mǎi)來(lái)的，而是通過(guò)努力和決心獲得的。A.acquired獲得；B.arranged支配；C.adored喜愛(ài)；D.allocated安排。連詞but（但是）表轉(zhuǎn)折，可以推斷生活中最寶貴的禮物是通過(guò)努力和決心獲得的，動(dòng)詞acquired（獲得）符合句意，故選A。2.______thepathofacountyistherightoneisamattertobedecidedbyitspeople.A.That B.What C.Whether D.Why【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：一個(gè)縣城的道路是否是正確的路，由它的人民確定。分析句子可知，“______thepathofacountyistherightone”是名詞性從句中的主語(yǔ)從句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否”，whether/if(是否)符合句意，因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether，故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】名詞性從句，從屬連接詞選用的基本原則：缺主語(yǔ)時(shí)用：who/what/which缺賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用：who/whom/what/which缺定語(yǔ)時(shí)用：what/which/whose缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用：when/where/why/how不缺成分用：that/whether/if(that沒(méi)有意思；whether/if翻譯成“是否”，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether)例如本題，句意：一個(gè)縣城的道路是否是正確的路，由它的人民確定。分析句子可知，“______thepathofacountyistherightone”是名詞性從句中的主語(yǔ)從句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否”，whether/if(是否)符合句意，因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether，故選C。3.ThousandsoffireshavebrokenoutinBrazil,_____muchoftherainforest.A.havingendangered B.endangers C.endangered D.endangering【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：巴西發(fā)生了數(shù)千起火災(zāi)，危及大部分雨林。動(dòng)詞“endanger”（危害）和主句主語(yǔ)“Thousandsoffires”是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，表主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在形式，做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意料之中的結(jié)果。故選D。4.Whenabirdspotsahunter,_____justflyingaway,itcallsoutinalarmandwarnsotherbirds.A.regardlessof B.otherthan C.insteadof D.ratherthan【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查介詞詞組辨析。句意：當(dāng)一只鳥(niǎo)發(fā)覺(jué)了一個(gè)獵人，不是飛走，而是會(huì)發(fā)出警報(bào)，警告其他的鳥(niǎo)。A.regardlessof不管，不顧；B.otherthan不同于；C.insteadof代替；D.ratherthan而不是。依據(jù)空格后一句“itcallsoutinalarmandwarnsotherbirds.”（它就會(huì)發(fā)出警報(bào)，警告其他的鳥(niǎo)。），可推斷鳥(niǎo)兒沒(méi)有飛走，“insteadof”（是……而不是……）符合句意，故選C。5.Chinahas_____effortstopromote“redtourism"featuringvisitstositeswithsignificanceofrevolutionaryhistory.A.takenup B.steppedup C.broughtup D.madeup【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：中國(guó)加大了“紅色旅游”的宣揚(yáng)力度，主要是參觀具有革命歷史意義的景點(diǎn)。A.takenup著手做……；B.steppedup提高（強(qiáng)度等）；C.broughtup撫養(yǎng)；D.madeup組成。依據(jù)空格后面“topromote”（目的去宣揚(yáng)），可以推斷是提高、加大efforts（努力）去宣揚(yáng)，steppedup提高（強(qiáng)度等）符合句意，故選B。6.AtthewebsiteWordSpy,fappy,____isshortforfatandhappy,isdefinedasoverweightandhappywithone'slife.A.where B.when C.what D.which【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在WordSpy網(wǎng)站上，“fappy”是肥胖和歡樂(lè)的簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)，定義為超重和對(duì)自己的生活感到歡樂(lè)。分析句子可知，“____isshortforfatandhappy”是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞是“fappy”，指物，故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句兩個(gè)最大特點(diǎn)：1）有先行詞：名詞/代詞/句子。2）缺少成分：（缺少成分須要補(bǔ)上如下相應(yīng)代詞或副詞）1.主語(yǔ)：that（先行詞是人或物），who（先行詞是人），which（先行詞是物/事情）2.賓語(yǔ)：that（先行詞是人或物），who（先行詞是人），whom（先行詞是人），which（先行詞是物/事情）3.狀語(yǔ)：where（先行詞是地點(diǎn)），when（先行詞是時(shí)間），why（先行詞是reason緣由）4.定語(yǔ)：whose（先行詞是人或物）5.非限制性定從有逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，假如先行詞是事情/物，從句缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which，不能用that例如本題，句意：在WordSpy網(wǎng)站上，“fappy”是肥胖和歡樂(lè)的簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)，定義為超重和對(duì)自己的生活感到歡樂(lè)。分析句子可知，“____isshortforfatandhappy”是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞是“fappy”，故選D。7.TaiwaneseactorGodfreyGao_____aneveningvarietyshowwhenhesuddenlycollapsed,whichsaddenedthousandsofhisfans.A.hadfilmed B.wasfilming C.hadbeenfilmed D.wasfilmed【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：臺(tái)灣演員GodfreyGao在拍攝晚間綜藝節(jié)目時(shí)突然倒下，這讓他的粉絲們很難過(guò)。分析句子可知，when意為“這時(shí)”或“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，這種用法的when分句一般位于句末：sb.bedoingsth.when，由從句中運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】when意為“這時(shí)”或“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，這種用法的when分句一般位于句末:1)sb.wasdoingsth.when;（某人正在做某事這時(shí)……）2)sb.wasabouttodo/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when;（某人將要做某事這時(shí)……）3)sb.had(just)donesth.when（某人做完某事這時(shí)……）例如本題，句意：臺(tái)灣演員GodfreyGao在拍攝晚間綜藝節(jié)目時(shí)突然倒下，這讓他的粉絲們很難過(guò)。分析句子可知，when意為“這時(shí)”或“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，這種用法的when分句一般位于句末：sb.wasdoingsth.when，可知，這里應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選B。8.CreditsinAdvancedPlacementclassescangreatlyhelpstudentsgain______tocompetitiveschools.A.privilege B.distinction C.currency D.admission【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：進(jìn)階課程的學(xué)分可以極大地幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)入有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的學(xué)校。A.privilege特權(quán)；B.distinction差別；C.currency貨幣；D.admission進(jìn)入。分析句子可知，學(xué)分幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)入更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的學(xué)校，“admission”（進(jìn)入）符合句意，故選D。9.Alcoholisclassifiedasadowner,and_____itislegal,itcandamagetheliverifconsumedinlargequantities.A.because B.unless C.although D.until【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：酒精被歸類(lèi)為冷靜劑，盡管它是合法的，但假如大量飲用會(huì)損害肝臟。A.because因?yàn)?；B.unless除非；C.although盡管；D.until直到……為止。依據(jù)空格后文“itislegal,itcandamagetheliverifconsumedinlargequantities.”（它是合法的，假如大量飲用會(huì)損害肝臟。）可知，有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，“although”（盡管）符合句意，故選C。10.Itseemsthatnothingcan______fromhermindthememoryofthewar.PoorAnna!A.cure B.claim C.erase D.ease【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：——好像沒(méi)有什么能從她的腦海中抹去那場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)的記憶?！蓱z的安娜！A.cure治愈；B.claim聲稱(chēng)；C.erase抹去，擦掉；D.ease減輕。依據(jù)“PoorAnna!”（可憐的安娜?。?，可推斷，Anna還沒(méi)有遺忘可怕的斗爭(zhēng)，“erase”（抹去）符合句意，故選C。11.Thecombinationofeconomicandcareeropportunitiesandsponsorshipforstudyingabroadis_____liesbehindthereversalofChina'sbraindrain.A.that B.what C.where D.why【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：經(jīng)濟(jì)和職業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的結(jié)合以及出國(guó)留學(xué)的資助是中國(guó)人才流失逆轉(zhuǎn)的緣由。分析句子可知，“Thecombinationofeconomicandcareeropportunitiesandsponsorshipforstudyingabroad”是主語(yǔ)，“_____liesbehindthereversalofChina'sbraindrain.”是名詞性從句總的表語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)從句缺少主語(yǔ)指緣由，應(yīng)填what，故選B。12.Ifweteachtoday'schildrenwithyesterday's_____teachingmethod,we'llrobthemoftomorrow.A.confidential B.commercial C.conventional D.conditional【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：假如我們用昨天的傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法來(lái)教化今日的孩子，我們就會(huì)剝奪他們的明天。A.confidential機(jī)密的；B.commercial商業(yè)的；C.conventional傳統(tǒng)的；D.conditional有條件的?！皌eachingmethod”（教學(xué)方法）是名詞，要用形容詞來(lái)修飾，依據(jù)空格前“yesterday's”（昨天的）這里引申為過(guò)去的，可推斷“conventional”（傳統(tǒng)的）符合句意，故選C。13.FrozenIIwasonshowonNovember22nd，2024.HaditnotbeenforthefactthatI_____tiredout,Iwouldhavegonetoseeitthatnight.A.was B.were C.am D.hadbeen【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意：《冰雪奇緣2》于2024年11月22日上映。要不是我累壞了，那天晚上我就去看了?！皌hatI_____tiredout”是對(duì)前面名詞“fact”（事實(shí)）客觀事實(shí)內(nèi)容說(shuō)明，依據(jù)第一句“FrozenIIwasonshowonNovember22nd，2024.”可知是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是單數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)“I”，故選A。14.HowfantastichisspokenEnglishis!He_____abroadforseveralyears.A.maystay B.musthavestayed C.canstay D.musthavebeenstaying【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone用法。句意：他的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)多棒?。∷_定在國(guó)外呆了好幾年了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone用法是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推想，依據(jù)前一句“HowfantastichisspokenEnglishis!”可知是確定性推想，用musthavedone，表示他確定在國(guó)外待過(guò)幾年。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”用法總結(jié)1.couldhavedone可以表示“過(guò)去原來(lái)能夠做某事而事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做”。2.musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的狀況的確定推想，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。3.may/mighthavedone表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的狀況的推想，語(yǔ)氣稍弱。4.should/oughttohavedone表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事而事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做”，其否定形式表示“本不該做某事而事實(shí)上做了”，通常含有責(zé)怪的意思。5.needn’thavedone表示“本不必做某事而事實(shí)上做了”。例如本題，句意：他的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)多棒啊！他確定在國(guó)外呆了好幾年了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone用法是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推想，依據(jù)前一句“HowfantastichisspokenEnglishis!”可知是確定推想，用musthavedone，再依據(jù)“forseveralyears.”可知，在國(guó)外待過(guò)幾年，應(yīng)用“stay”（短暫地待在……），故選B。15.Iamwormoutafterworkingsolong.Me,too.It'stimeto_____.A.callitaday B.pullmyleg C.flyoffthehandle D.killthefattedcalf【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。句意：——工作了這么久，我累壞了?！乙彩?，該收工了。A.callitaday收工；B.pullmyleg戲弄；C.flyoffthehandle大發(fā)雷霆；D.killthefattedcalf設(shè)宴歡迎。依據(jù)第一句“Iamwornoutafterworkingsolong.”和其次句“Me,too.”可知，兩個(gè)人工作那么久都累壞了，該收工休息了，“callitaday”（收工）符合句意，故選A。其次節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分20分)請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MoststoriesofkindnessdonotbeginwithaMarvelmoviesuperstar.Mine___16___.ItwasatagardenpartyfortheACLU.Iwas___17___mygrandmothertotheevent.WhenRobertDowneyarrived,inagorgeouscream-coloredsuit,mygrandmothershrugged,farmoreinterestedthanin___18___herpaperplatewithcheese.Hewasn'tCaryGrantorGregoryPeck.Whatdidshe___19___?Afterthespeeches___20___withthanks,westooduptomakeourexit.Butassherose,mygrandmother___21___andfellintothewheelchairramp(坡道)thatprovidedthedisabledwith___22___tothestage.Thewheelchairrampshad___23___edges,whichslicedherlegrightopen.Thebloodwas___24___.Iputmyhead______25______mykneesbecauseIthoughtIwasgoingtofaint(昏倒).______26______，somebodytookcontrolofthesituation.ThatpersonwasRobertDowney.Heorderedsomeonetocalla(n)______27______.Hetookoffhisgorgeoussuit,______28______hissleeves,andgrabbedmygrandmother'sleg.Thenhetookthesuit,whichI'd______29______he'dtakenoffonlytogetit______30______andhetieditaroundherwound.Iwatchedthesuitturnredwithher______31______，Heknewhowtospeaktoher,______32______her,andmostcriticallyplaytohervanity(虛榮心).Hetoldherhowbeautifulherlegswere.Hestayedwithheruntiltheambulancecame.Believeitornot,Ihurriedintotheambulancewithoutaword.Iwastoo______33______andtooshytothankhim.Weallhavethingswewishwe'dsaid,momentswe'dliketorevisitandre-experience.Rarelydowegetthatchanceto______34______thosetimeswhenwordscompletely______35______us.16.A.is B.does C.has D.will17.A.driving B.sending C.accompanying D.inviting18.A.packing B.piling C.providing D.equipping19.A.care B.need C.like D.ignore20.A.started B.paused C.closed D.concluded21.A.tripped B.shook C.jumped D.dashed22.A.admission B.access C.way D.path23.A.sharp B.vague C.abrupt D.flat24.A.amazing B.thrilling C.shocking D.relieving25.A.in B.over C.off D.between26.A.Naturally B.Undoubtedly C.Eventually D.Luckily27.A.doctor B.organizer C.ambulance D.taxi28.A.liftedup B.broughtup C.rolledup D.putup29.A.assumed B.hoped C.assured D.confirmed30.A.intheway B.outoftheway C.ontheway D.bytheway31.A.wound B.scar C.stain D.blood32.A.amuse B.please C.distract D.disappoint33.A.embarrassed B.dizzy C.ambiguous D.arbitrary34.A.catchupwith B.makeupfor C.putupwith D.makeuseof35.A.forgot B.escaped C.lost D.failed【答案】16.B17.C18.B19.A20.D21.A22.B23.A24.C25.D26.D27.C28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述作者陪奶奶參與聚會(huì)時(shí)，奶奶意外摔倒，劃破了腿出了好多血，電影明星RobertDowney剛好幫奶奶包扎并叫來(lái)救援車(chē)，作者當(dāng)時(shí)太羞澀而沒(méi)有向RobertDowney道謝?！?6題詳解】考查助動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：大多數(shù)關(guān)于善舉的故事都不是從一位宏大的電影巨星起先的，但我的故事是從一位宏大的電影巨星起先的。A.is是；B.does代替實(shí)意動(dòng)詞避開(kāi)重復(fù)；C.has有；D.will將要。依據(jù)前一句“MoststoriesofkindnessdonotbeginwithaMarvelmoviesuperstar.”（大多數(shù)關(guān)于善舉的故事都不是從一位宏大的電影巨星起先的）可知，這里“Mine”是指“Mystory”，再依據(jù)其次段中的“somebodytookcontrolofthesituation.ThatpersonwasRobertDowney.”（有人限制了局面，那個(gè)人就是RobertDowney。），可知奶奶出現(xiàn)意外后，電影明星RobertDowney幫助了她，所以可推斷作者的故事是從電影明星起先的，這里避開(kāi)和前一句中的“begin”（起先）重復(fù)，用助動(dòng)詞“does”，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我陪我奶奶去參與活動(dòng)。A.driving開(kāi)車(chē)；B.sending發(fā)送；C.accompanying陪伴；D.inviting邀請(qǐng)。依據(jù)空格后文“WhenRobertDowneyarrivedmygrandmothershrugged,farmoreinterestedthanin___3___herpaperplatewithcheese.Hewasn'tCaryGrantorGregoryPeck.Whatdidshe___4___?”（RobertDowney到的時(shí)候我奶奶聳聳肩，比起往紙盤(pán)里堆奶酪來(lái)，她對(duì)RobertDowney更感愛(ài)好。他不是CaryGrant或者GregoryPeck。她在乎他什么呢？）可知，作者的奶奶參與這個(gè)活動(dòng)是來(lái)看影星RobertDowney，作者對(duì)這個(gè)影星并不感愛(ài)好，所以只是陪奶奶來(lái)，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)RobertDowney穿著華麗的奶油色西裝來(lái)時(shí)，祖母聳了聳肩，比起往紙盤(pán)里堆奶酪來(lái)，她對(duì)RobertDowney更感愛(ài)好。A.packing打包；B.piling堆放；C.providing供應(yīng)；D.equipping配備。依據(jù)空格后“herpaperplatewithcheese.”可知，往紙盤(pán)子里放奶油，“pile”（堆放）符合句意，故選B。【19題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她在乎他什么？A.care在乎，關(guān)切；B.need須要；C.like喜愛(ài)；D.ignore忽視。依據(jù)前一句“Hewasn'tCaryGrantorGregoryPeck.”（他不是CaryGrant或者GregoryPeck），可知，在作者看來(lái)RobertDowney并不是什么大明星，奶奶究竟在乎他什么呢？“care”(在乎，關(guān)注)符合句意，故選A。【20題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：演講結(jié)束后，我們站起來(lái)退場(chǎng)。A.started起先；B.paused停頓；C.closed關(guān)閉；D.concluded結(jié)束。依據(jù)空格后文“westooduptomakeourexit.”（我們站起來(lái)退場(chǎng)。）可知，演講結(jié)束了，“conclude”(結(jié)束)符合文意，故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)奶奶站起來(lái)的時(shí)候，她絆倒了，掉進(jìn)了輪椅坡道，這個(gè)坡道為殘疾人供應(yīng)了進(jìn)入舞臺(tái)的通道。A.tripped絆倒；B.shook搖擺；C.jumped跳動(dòng)；D.dashed沖。依據(jù)空格后文“fellintothewheelchairramp”，可知，奶奶絆倒了才掉進(jìn)坡道，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)奶奶站起來(lái)的時(shí)候，她絆倒了，掉進(jìn)了輪椅坡道，這個(gè)坡道為殘疾人供應(yīng)了進(jìn)入舞臺(tái)的通道。A.admission承認(rèn)，坦白；B.access通道；C.way方法，道路；D.path道路。依據(jù)空格前文“thewheelchairramp”（輪椅坡道），可以推斷這個(gè)坡道是通向舞臺(tái)的通道，“access”（通道）符合句意，故選B。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：輪椅坡道的邊緣很銳利，把她的腿劃破了。A.sharp銳利的；B.vague模糊的；C.abrupt突然的；D.flat平坦的。依據(jù)空格后文“whichslicedherlegrightopen.”（邊緣把她的腿劃了個(gè)口子），可知邊緣很銳利，故選A。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：血很?chē)樔?。A.amazing令人驚異的；B.thrilling讓人興奮的；C.shocking可怕的；D.relieving緩和的。依據(jù)下一句中的“IthoughtIwasgoingtofaint”（我以為我會(huì)暈倒），可知，作者差點(diǎn)被嚇暈倒，說(shuō)明血很?chē)樔?，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我把頭放在兩膝之間，因?yàn)槲蚁胛铱煲獣灥沽恕.in在……里面；B.over在……上方；C.off從……落下；D.between在兩者之間。依據(jù)空格后文“myknees”，可知是兩個(gè)膝蓋，“between”（兩者之間）符合句意，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，有人限制了局面。A.Naturally自然地；B.Undoubtedly毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地；C.Eventually最終地；D.Luckily幸運(yùn)地。依據(jù)空格前文“whichslicedherlegrightopenIthoughtIwasgoingtofaint”（邊緣把她的腿劃了個(gè)口子……我想我快要暈倒了）和空格后文“somebodytookcontrolofthesituation.”（有人限制了局面。）可知，在作者奶奶腿受傷流血，作者嚇得快要暈倒時(shí)，萬(wàn)幸的是有人限制了這糟糕的局面，“Luckily”（幸運(yùn)地）符合句意，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他讓人叫救援車(chē)。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.organizer組織者；C.ambulance救援車(chē)；D.taxi出租車(chē)。依據(jù)這一段最終一句“Hestayedwithheruntiltheambulancecame.”（他始終陪著她直到救援車(chē)來(lái)。）可知，他讓人叫來(lái)救援車(chē)，這里是詞義重現(xiàn)用法，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他脫下華麗的西裝，卷起袖子，抓住了我奶奶的腿。A.liftedup抬起來(lái)；B.broughtup撫養(yǎng)；C.rolledup卷起來(lái)；D.putup舉起。依據(jù)空格后文“grabbedmygrandmother'sleg.Thenhetookthesuitandhetieditaroundherwound.”(抓住我奶奶的腿，然后他拿了西裝綁在她的傷口上。)可知，他應(yīng)當(dāng)是卷起袖子，然后做后續(xù)這些動(dòng)作，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他拿起西裝，我以為他脫下西裝只是把它放旁邊不礙事，他把它綁在她的傷口上。A.assumed以為，假定；B.hoped希望；C.assured確保；D.confirmed確定。依據(jù)空格下文“hetieditaroundherwound”（他把它綁在她的傷口上）可知，這只是作者以為他會(huì)有把脫下的西裝放在一邊，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查介詞詞組辨析。句意：然后他拿起西裝，我以為他脫下西裝只是把它放旁邊不礙事，他把它綁在她的傷口上。A.intheway攔住路；B.outoftheway不礙事；C.ontheway路上；D.bytheway順便問(wèn)一下。依據(jù)這一段中的“Hetookoffhisgorgeoussuit,____13____hissleeves,andgrabbedmygrandmother'sleg.（他脫下華麗的西裝，卷起袖子，抓住了我祖母的腿。）可以推斷，作者看到RobertDowney這樣做，以為他脫下西裝只是把它放旁邊不礙事，故選B?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看著那套衣服被她的血染紅了。A.wound傷口；B.scar疤痕；C.stain瑕疵；D.blood血液。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thewheelchairrampshad___8___edges,whichslicedherlegrightopen.Thebloodwas___9___.”（輪椅坡道的邊緣很銳利，把她的腿劃破了。血很?chē)樔?。）和空格前文“Thenhetookthesuithetieditaroundherwound.Iwatchedthesuitturnred”(然后他拿起西裝……他把它綁在她的傷口。我看著西裝變紅了……)，可知是奶奶腿上流的血把西裝染紅了，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他知道如何和她說(shuō)話，轉(zhuǎn)移她的留意力，而且——最重要的是——迎合她的虛榮心。A.amuse逗樂(lè)；B.please使?jié)M足；C.distract，轉(zhuǎn)移（留意力）；D.disappoint使悲觀。依據(jù)下一句“Hetoldherhowbeautifulherlegswere”（他告知她，她的腿是多么的漂亮），可知，他沒(méi)有說(shuō)傷口和流血而是贊美她的腿美，是在轉(zhuǎn)移她的留意力，故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形詞詞義辨析。句意：我太尷尬又羞澀以至于不知怎么謝他。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.dizzy頭昏的；C.ambiguous模糊不清的；D.arbitrary隨意的。依據(jù)其次段中的“Iputmyhead____10____mykneesbecauseIthoughtIwasgoingtofaint.____11____，somebodytookcontrolofthesituation.ThatpersonwasRobertDowney.”（我把頭放在兩膝之間，因?yàn)槲蚁胛铱煲獣灥沽?。幸運(yùn)的是，有人限制了局面。那個(gè)人就是RobertDowney。）可知，當(dāng)時(shí)作者差點(diǎn)嚇暈倒，沒(méi)能幫助自己的奶奶，感到很尷尬，故選A。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們很少有機(jī)會(huì)去彌補(bǔ)那些時(shí)間,因?yàn)槲覀儾恢f(shuō)什么。A.catchupwith追上；B.makeupfor彌補(bǔ)；C.putupwith容忍；D.makeuseof利用。依據(jù)前文“Iwastoo____18____andtooshytothankhim.Weallhavethingswewishwe'dsaid,momentswe'dliketorevisitandre-experience.”（我太尷尬又羞澀以至于不知怎么謝他。有些話我們都希望我們當(dāng)時(shí)說(shuō)過(guò)，有些時(shí)刻我們想重溫柔重新體驗(yàn)。）可知，作者希望當(dāng)時(shí)能感謝RobertDowney，但事實(shí)上作者沒(méi)能找到機(jī)會(huì)彌補(bǔ)，“makeupfor”（彌補(bǔ)）符合句意，故選B。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們很少有機(jī)會(huì)去彌補(bǔ)那些時(shí)間，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我們不知說(shuō)什么。A.forgot遺忘；B.escaped逃脫；C.lost丟失；D.failed使……悲觀；失敗?！皐henwordscompletely____20____us.”是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是“thosetimes”指的是這段中的“Iwastoo____18____andtooshytothankhim.”（我太尷尬又羞澀以至于不知怎么謝他。），可知，那時(shí)，我們不知說(shuō)什么，“failsb”（使……悲觀），“wordsfailme”(話語(yǔ)讓我悲觀，既指不知如何表達(dá)）符合句意，故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】完形填空題型特點(diǎn)之一是詞義重現(xiàn)：同義詞、近義詞、反義詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。例如第12小題，句意：他讓人叫救援車(chē)。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.organizer組織者；C.ambulance救援車(chē)；D.taxi出租車(chē)。依據(jù)這一段最終一句“Hestayedwithheruntiltheambulancecame.”（他始終陪著她直到救援車(chē)來(lái)。）可知，他讓人叫來(lái)救援車(chē)，這里是詞義重現(xiàn)用法，故選C。第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題:每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)請(qǐng)細(xì)致閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AEurope’smostbeautifulplacesEuropeisanamazinglyvariedplace.Theoldcontinent'shistoriccitiesanditsMediterraneanbeachesdrawmanyofitsvisitors,butthebestdestinationsaresometimesitsmoreremotecorners,knownmainlytolocalsandafewbravetravelers.LakeInari,FinlandHighabovetheArcticCircleandclosetoFinland'sborderwithRussia,LakeInariisayearroundparadise.Dark,snowywintersmakeitidealforcatchingaglimpseoftheauroraborealis.Itstree-linedbanksglowaburntorangeduringautumnandinsummer,youcanswiminitschillyshallows.ThecenteroflocalSamiculture,it'sasremoteandtraditionalasFinlandgets.Unst,ShetlandIsles,ScotlandThemostnortherlyoccupiedislandoftheBritishIles,Unstisawild,ruggedplacewhereseascrashintothedramaticMuckleFluggaseastacks.Thelaterareaharborforgannets(塘鵒)duringbreedingseason,withbirdwatchersalsotreatedtothesightofsearchingskuas(賊鷗).YorkshireDales,EnglandItsnarrowlaneslinedwithdrystonewallscryouttocyclistsseekingmarvelousadventureswhileitsmoodyhillcontinuallyattractwalkers,nomattertheweatherGeologicalwonderssuchasthelimestonespectaclesofMalhamCoveandGordaleScarmakeitperhapsthemostbeautifulpartoftheBritishIslesLoireValley,FranceChateaudeChambordandChateaudeChenonceauarethemostfamous,filledwithclassicviewingtowers,formalgardensandboatinglakes.Throwinatourofitsgraperies,wheresomeoftheworld'sfinestwinesareproduced,anditsglamourisimpossibletoignore.36.Accordingtothepassage,thebestdestinationsinEuropeare_____.A.historiccitiesandMediterraneanbeachesB.knowntopeoplearoundtheworldC.familiartoonlyahandfulofpeopleD.similartoeachotherwithnoobviousdifferences37.Ifyouareacyclistinterestedinadventures,you'dbetterchoose______.A.Unst,ShetlandIsles,Scotland B.YorkshireDales,EnglandC.LoireValley.France D.LakeInari,Finland【答案】36.C37.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹歐洲最漂亮的幾個(gè)旅游地，這些地方較偏遠(yuǎn)，只有當(dāng)?shù)厝撕蛶讉€(gè)英勇的旅行者才知道。【36題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Europeisanamazinglyvariedplacebutthebestdestinationsaresometimesitsmoreremotecorners,knownmainlytolocalsandafewbravetravelers.”(歐洲是個(gè)擁有各種各樣景點(diǎn)的地方……但最好的目的地有時(shí)是更偏遠(yuǎn)的角落，只有當(dāng)?shù)厝撕蛶讉€(gè)英勇的旅行者才知道。)可知，歐洲最好的旅游目的地只有少數(shù)人熟識(shí)。文章中“afew”呼應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C中的“ahandfulof”；文章中的“knownmainlyto”和選項(xiàng)C中的“familiartoonly”呼應(yīng)，故選C?！?7題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段YorkshireDales,England部分的“Itsnarrowlaneslinedwithdrystonewallscryouttocyclistsseekingmarvelousadventures”(狹窄的小巷兩旁是干石墻，呼喊那些尋求奇異探險(xiǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的騎自行車(chē)的人。)，可知，假如你是騎自行車(chē)的人并對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)感愛(ài)好，你最好選擇英格蘭的YorkshireDales。文章中的“cyclistsseekingmarvelousadventures”和問(wèn)題中的“acyclistinterestedinadventures”相呼應(yīng)，故選B。BAwidely-usedgasthatiscurrentlyproducedfromfossilfuelscaninsteadbemadebyanartificialleafthatusesonlysunlight,carbondioxideandwater,andwhichcouldeventuallybeusedtodevelopasustainableliquidfuelalternativetopetrol.Thecarbon-neutral(碳中和)devicesetsanewstandardinthefieldofsolarfuels,afterresearchersattheUniversityofCambridgedemonstratedthatitcandirectlyproducethegascalledsyngas(合成氣)inasustainableandsimpleway.Ratherthanrunningonfossilfuels,theartificialleafispoweredbysunlight,althoughitstillworksefficientlyoncloudyandovercastdays.Andunlikethecurrentindustrialprocessesforproducingsyngas,theleafdoesnotreleaseanyadditionalcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.TheresultsarereportedinthejournalNatureMaterials.Syngasiscurrentlymadefromamixtureofhydrogenandcarbonmonoxide(氧化碳)，andisusedtoproducearangeofproducts,suchasfuels,medicines,plasticsandfertilizers.“Youmaynothaveheardofsyngasitselfbuteveryday,youconsumeproductsthatwerecreatedusingit.Beingabletoproduceitsustainablywouldbeacriticalstepinclosingtheglobalcarboncycleandestablishingasustainablechemicalandfuelindustry,"saidseniorauthorProfessorErwinReisnerfromCambridge'sDepartmentofChemistry,whohasspentsevenyearsworkingtowardsthisgoal.ThedeviceReisnerandhiscolleaguesproducedisinspiredbyphotosynthesisthenaturalprocessbywhichplantsusetheenergyfromsunlighttoturncarbondioxideintofood.Ontheartificialleaf,twolightabsorbers,similartothemoleculesinplantsthatharvestsunlight,arecombinedwithacatalyst(催化劑)madefromthenaturallyabundantelementcobalt(鈷).Whenthedeviceisdippedinwater,onelightabsorberusesthecatalysttoproduceoxygen.Theothercarriesoutthechemicalreactionthatreducescarbondioxideandwaterintocarbonmonoxideandhydrogen,formingthesyngasmixture.Asanaddedbonus,theresearchersdiscoveredthattheirlightabsorbersworkevenunderthelowlevelsofsunlightonarainyorovercastday.“Thismeansyouarenotlimitedtousingthistechnologyjustinwarmcountriesoronlyoperatingtheprocessduringthesummermonths,”saidPhDstudentVirgilAndrei,firstauthorofthepaper.“Youcoulduseitfromdawnuntildusk,anywhereintheworld.”38.Withtheartificialleaf,wecan_____.A.producesyngasinasustainableandsimplewayB.preventcarbondioxidefrombeingreleaseintotheatmosphereC.makeproductslikemedicines,plasticsandfertilizersoutoffossilfuelsD.harvestabundantsunlightthroughpetrolandclosetheglobalcarboncycle39.Forthesyngasmixturetobeformed,wemightaswell_____.A.getridofonelightabsorberB.blockthecontactwithsunlightC.provideaspecialcatalystD.keeptheartificialleaffarawayfromwater40.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatPhDstudentVirgilAndreisaid?A.Syngashasalreadybeeninwidespreadusearoundtheworld.B.Theartificialleafispoweredbyfossilfuelsratherthansunlight.C.Theartificialleafdoesn'tdependtoomuchontheweatherorlocation.D.Syngasiscurrentlymadefromamixtureofhydrogenandcarbonmonoxide.【答案】38.A39.C40.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明，目前由化石燃料生產(chǎn)的廣泛運(yùn)用的氣體可以由只運(yùn)用陽(yáng)光、二氧化碳和水的人造葉子制成，最終可用于開(kāi)發(fā)一種可持續(xù)的液體燃料替代汽油?！?8題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Awidely-usedgasthatiscurrentlyproducedfromfossilfuelscaninsteadbemadebyanartificialleafthatusesonlysunlight,carbondioxideandwater,andwhichcouldeventuallybeusedtodevelopasustainableliquidfuelalternativetopetrol.”（目前由化石燃料生產(chǎn)的廣泛運(yùn)用的氣體可以由只運(yùn)用陽(yáng)光、二氧化碳和水的人造葉子制成，最終可用于開(kāi)發(fā)一種可持續(xù)的液體燃料替代汽油。）和其次段“Thecarbon-neutral(碳中和)devicesetsanewstandardinthefieldofsolarfuels,afterresearchersattheUniversityofCambridgedemonstratedthatitcandirectlyproducethegascalledsyngas(合成氣)inasustainableandsimpleway.”（在劍橋高校的探討人員證明白碳中性裝置能夠以可持續(xù)和簡(jiǎn)潔的方式干脆產(chǎn)生所謂的合成氣之后，碳中性裝置在太陽(yáng)能燃料領(lǐng)域樹(shù)立了一個(gè)新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。），可知，其次段中的“Thecarbon-neutral(碳中和)device”指的是第一段中的“artificialleaf”，運(yùn)用人造葉子，我們可以用一種可持續(xù)和簡(jiǎn)潔的方式生產(chǎn)合成氣。故選A?！?9題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Ontheartificialleaf,twolightabsorbers,similartothemoleculesinplantsthatharvestsunlight,arecombinedwithacatalyst(催化劑)Whenthedeviceisdippedinwater,onelightabsorberusesthecatalysttoproduceoxygen.Theothercarriesoutthechemicalreactionthatreducescarbondioxideandwaterintocarbonmonoxideandhydrogen,formingthesyngasmixture.”(在人造葉子上，類(lèi)似于植物中收集陽(yáng)光分子兩個(gè)光汲取體，與催化劑結(jié)合在一起………當(dāng)裝置浸入水中時(shí)，一個(gè)光吸體運(yùn)用催化劑產(chǎn)生氧氣。另一種則進(jìn)行化學(xué)反應(yīng)，將二氧化碳和水還原成一氧化碳和氫氣，形成合成氣混合物。)，可知，要形成合成氣混合物，我們不妨供應(yīng)一種特別的催化劑，故選C。【40題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段““Thismeansyouarenotlimitedtousingthistechnologyjustinwarmcountriesoronlyoperatingtheprocessduringthesummermonths,”saidPhDstudentVirgilAndrei,firstauthorofthepaper.“Youcoulduseitfromdawnuntildusk,anywhereintheworld.””（博士探討生VirgilAndrei——該論文的第一作者說(shuō)：“這意味著你不僅可以在暖和的國(guó)家或在夏季運(yùn)用這項(xiàng)人造葉子技術(shù)，你可以在世界上任何地方，從黎明到黃昏運(yùn)用它?！保┛芍?，我們從VirgilAndrei博士的話中了解到，人造葉子不依靠于天氣或地理位置。故選C。CForsomepeople,highereducationisnotjustagoalinlife,butalsoanexpectation.IntheUnitedStates,ifyourparentsattendedacollegeoruniversity,thereisagoodchancethatyouwill,too.Evenifyourparentsdidnotgotocollege,youstillhaveagoodchanceofcompletinghighereducationifyourfamilyiswealthy.Butyourchancesarereducedifyoucomefromaneedyfamilyacommunitywithlimitededucationalresourcesoryousimplyhavenoonetofollowasanexample.Helpingthoseinneedisoneofthemainideasbehindastrategyofbehavioralsciencecallednudgetheoryornudging.Nudgingisawayofchangingpeople'sbehaviorthroughindirectsuggestionandbysupportingpositiveactions.AgrowingnumberofU.S.collegesanduniversitieslooktonudgingaswaytosupportpoor,minorityandfirst-generationstudents.Theyalsoareusingittoincreaseoverallgraduationrates.Twocommonformsofnudgingareemailstostudentsandtextmessagestotheirmobilephones.Schoolsandothereducationalorganizationskeepincontactwithstudentsthisway,offeringadviceandhelpwhenneeded.However,AlejandraAcostaahighereducationpolicyexp