專(zhuān)題40 閱讀理解之推理判斷題（練案）解析版

1/40高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單專(zhuān)題40閱讀理解之推理判斷題（練案）解析版（高考考情+思維導(dǎo)圖+真題演練+名校模擬）目錄一、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題高考考情P1二、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題思維導(dǎo)圖P2三、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題真題演練（片段式）10例P3四、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題名校模擬（片段式）10例P6五、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題名校模擬（21篇）P8【名校模擬一：態(tài)度推斷題】P8【名校模擬二：預(yù)測(cè)下段題】P13【名校模擬三：文體推斷題】P18【名校模擬四：文章出處題】P22【名校模擬五：寫(xiě)作意圖題】P26【名校模擬六：活動(dòng)評(píng)價(jià)題】P30【名校模擬七：寫(xiě)作手法題】P35一、閱讀理解推理判斷題高考考情2022-2024高考閱讀理解考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)卷別細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題推理判斷題主旨大意題2024新課標(biāo)I卷91412024新課標(biāo)II卷91412023新課標(biāo)I卷61712023新課標(biāo)II卷61712022新課標(biāo)I卷82412022新課標(biāo)II卷82412024全國(guó)甲卷71612023全國(guó)甲卷81512023全國(guó)乙卷51812022全國(guó)甲卷81332022全國(guó)乙卷10131二、閱讀理解推理判斷題思維導(dǎo)圖三、閱讀理解推理判斷題真題演練（片段式）【真題演練01】(2022新課標(biāo)I卷第24題)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.24.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我們大多數(shù)人一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費(fèi)的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但隨著時(shí)間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買(mǎi)了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通過(guò)講述芝麻菜的故事來(lái)表明我們有時(shí)會(huì)無(wú)意間浪費(fèi)食物。故選B?！菊骖}演練02】(2022新課標(biāo)I卷第28題)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.28.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況)”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。故選D。【真題演練03】(2022新課標(biāo)I卷第31題)WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.31.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂(lè)趣)”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“諾丁山路徑”的負(fù)責(zé)人林恩?劉易斯說(shuō):我們很高興能參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它將通過(guò)共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來(lái))”可知，該項(xiàng)目的反響很好。故選A?！菊骖}演練04】(2022新課標(biāo)II卷第28題)Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.28.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在過(guò)去的七年里，大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信，公共服務(wù)活動(dòng)也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來(lái)說(shuō)服人們?cè)陂_(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)放下手機(jī)。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，無(wú)論以何種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎都在惡化。）可知，大多數(shù)州使用了各種各樣的方法說(shuō)服司機(jī)們?cè)陂_(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候放下手機(jī)，可是情況卻越來(lái)越糟糕。所以各種方法是無(wú)效的。A選項(xiàng)ineffective意為“無(wú)效的”，與此相符。故選A。【真題演練05】(2022新課標(biāo)II卷第35題)Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings. B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch. D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.35.C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.(但這項(xiàng)研究的規(guī)模很小，需要在更大的人群中重復(fù)進(jìn)行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生最大的影響。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建議進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。故選C?！菊骖}演練06】(2022全國(guó)甲卷第35題)Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.35.A推理判斷題根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句...beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)城市新舊并存是非常有魅力的。根據(jù)下文中Anthony的觀點(diǎn)...afoundationbuiltonancientcultureswithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony認(rèn)為澳大利亞是一個(gè)建立在古老文化基礎(chǔ)上并同時(shí)充滿(mǎn)活力的年輕國(guó)家，作者認(rèn)同其觀點(diǎn)。【真題演練07】(2022全國(guó)乙卷第25題)Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.25.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他們和一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒(méi)有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。)”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D。【真題演練08】(2022全國(guó)乙卷第35題)Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.35.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B?！菊骖}演練09】(2021新課標(biāo)I卷第33題)Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.33.B。推理判斷題。第二段首句“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介紹情商的概念。由此推斷出提到的“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”是對(duì)這一概念的解釋?！菊骖}演練10】(2021新課標(biāo)I卷第33題)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.34.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“theauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可定位到第三段。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”可知，作者認(rèn)為情商普及利大于弊。又根據(jù)“Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization...”和“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者對(duì)于情商普及是贊成的。四、閱讀理解推理判斷題名校模擬（片段式）【名校模擬01】Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄),anddeath.Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.1.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform1.A。作者一是想讀者說(shuō)明這份報(bào)紙上指登載負(fù)面新聞，如兇殺行賄受賄、死亡等，二是字里行間留出作者的抱怨情緒，故選A。【名校模擬02】Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.2.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?A.Positive B.Critical C.Satisfied D.Indifferent2.A。從文中最后一段不難看出，作者覺(jué)得現(xiàn)在的世界有太多的悲傷，有時(shí)候甚至可以把人逼瘋，所以作者對(duì)現(xiàn)在的世界是持一種批判的態(tài)度?！久ＤM03】Thetheoriesofmodernpsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedsofourchildren.Childrenarenotjustsmalladults;theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedassuch.Well,youmaysay,thisisasitshouldbe,andagoodidea.Butthinkfurther.Whathappens?“Education”becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers,butofpsychologists.Whathappensthen?3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthetheoriesofmodernpsychology?A.UninterestedB.TolerantC.Satisfied D.Critical3.D。由最后一段的句子Frequentlythemodernmethodsaresocomplicatedthattheyfailtobeunderstoodbytheteachers,letalonethechildren;可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代的方式太復(fù)雜，以至于他們無(wú)法被老師理解，更不用說(shuō)孩子們。因此推斷作者對(duì)于現(xiàn)代教育方式持批判的態(tài)度?！久ＤM04】Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasbecomesmaller.It’snowa“globalvillage”wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyincreasedbyforeignlanguageskills.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhigh-techcommunicationsequipment?A.Critical B.Prejudiced C.Indifferent. D.Positive4.D。根據(jù)文章第一段中And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationequipmentisgreatlyimprovedbyforeignlanguageskills.可以推測(cè)作者對(duì)高科技交流設(shè)備是持積極態(tài)度?！久ＤM05】(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ·D片段)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport，theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案及解析】5.A。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。依據(jù)“忠于措辭法”。本段含有beneficial，positive，helped等褒義措辭，由此可推知，作者對(duì)情商普及化是支持的。故選A?！久ＤM06】Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.Itbringsusbalance.Afteralongtimeofpracticeyoga,younolongerjustpracticeityouliveit.Yogabecomespartofyourphysicallife.Yourbodygrowsstronger,moretoned,andmoreflexibleasyoumovefromoneasanaorposetoanother…Yogabecomespartofyourmentallife.Yogateachesyoutofocusonbreathingwhileyouholdtheposes.Thisattentiontobreathiscalming;itdissolvesstressandanxiety...6.Whatwillbetalkedaboutifthispassagecontinues?A.Yogabecomingpartofyourspirituallife.B.Yogabecomingpopularallovertheworld.C.Thedisadvantagesofyoga. D.Encouragingpeopletodoyoga.6.A。Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.文章第一句點(diǎn)名瑜伽三大好處；第二三段分別提及body,mind，最后一段應(yīng)該談?wù)搒pirit?！久ＤM07】Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.7.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theadvantageofwindpower. B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.7.D。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Today，thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.”可以推斷下一步就要涉及風(fēng)能在全世界的開(kāi)發(fā)利用趨勢(shì)，即“Theglobaltrend(趨勢(shì))towardsproducingpowerfromwind.”。因此D項(xiàng)正確?！久ＤM08】“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.8.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwaves B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportance D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem8.B。作者在文章開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題讓讀者思考,或者簡(jiǎn)單介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物,往往都是為了引出主題(todrawthereaders’attentiontothetopic/toserveasanintroductiontothediscussion)。【名校模擬09】Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.The

researcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandis

mostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthe

nearfuture.9.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook. C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.9.D。推理判斷題。解析：本段關(guān)鍵字technology所以介紹科技類(lèi)文章比較可能選自雜志，因此選擇D.Amagazine.（當(dāng)然本文綜合全文更好。）【名校模擬10】Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.10.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics10.A。推理判斷題。Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.讓孩子們學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己，所以選擇Ahelpstudentsseetheirownstrengths（長(zhǎng)處，優(yōu)點(diǎn)。） 五、閱讀理解推理判斷題名校模擬（21篇）【名校模擬一：態(tài)度推斷題】（2024·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）AsmallstudypublishedWednesdaydocumentssignificantlyrestoredhearinginfiveofsixkidstreatedinChina.“Hearinglossishardtorecover.That’swhywewerealwaystryingtodevelopatherapy(療法),”saidZheng-YiChen,aseniorauthorofthestudy.Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%ofcases.Allthechildrenintheexperimentshaveaconditionthataccountsfor2%to8%ofinherited(遺傳的)deafness.It’scausedbymutations(變異)inageneresponsibleforaninnerearproteincalledotoferlin,whichhelpshaircellstransmitsoundtothebrain.ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.Theyobservedthechildrenforaboutsixmonthsandcapturedpatients’progressinvideos.Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.ThePhiladelphiahospitalreportedthattheirpatient,AissamDam,isnowabletohearhisfather’svoiceandcarsontheroad.Dr.JohnGermiller,wholedtheresearchinPhiladelphiasaid,“Hishearingisimprovedfromastateofcompletedeafnesswithnosoundatalltothelevelofmildhearingloss.”ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．TheresultofChen’stherapy. B．Theimpactofgenemutations.C．Thetroubleofcuringhearingloss. D．Theanalysisofchildren’sdeafness.2．Whatdomostparticipantsinthetworesearcheshaveincommon?A．Theyshowedpositiveresponsetothetherapy. B．Theirpowerofspeechwaspartiallyregained.C．Theirimprovementswererecordedbyvideos. D．Theyhadmildhearinglossafterthetreatment.3．WhatisDr.LawrenceLustig’sattitudetowardthetherapy?A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GeneTherapy:AHopefortheDeafB．DeafChildren:AConcernofSocietyC．Chen’sResearch:ABreakthroughinSurgeryD．InheritedDeafness:AChallengeforTreatment【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。這篇短文主要報(bào)道了中國(guó)一項(xiàng)小型研究，其中五個(gè)孩子在接受治療后聽(tīng)力顯著恢復(fù)。這些兒童患有由基因突變導(dǎo)致的遺傳性耳聾，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)手術(shù)向內(nèi)耳輸送了功能正常的基因副本，治療后孩子們能進(jìn)行正常對(duì)話(huà)。盡管仍有許多問(wèn)題待解，如治療效果的持久性等，但這項(xiàng)成果和其他研究一樣，顯示出恢復(fù)聽(tīng)力損失的積極前景。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%ofcases.(全球有3400萬(wàn)兒童患有耳聾或聽(tīng)力損失，高達(dá)60%的病例是由基因引起的。)”可知，第二段主要是對(duì)兒童耳聾情況的分析。故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.(其中一個(gè)視頻顯示，一個(gè)小女孩在治療13周后重復(fù)著父親、母親、祖母、姐姐和“我愛(ài)你”。他們不知道為什么治療對(duì)其中一人無(wú)效。但其他五個(gè)人以前完全失聰，現(xiàn)在可以聽(tīng)到定期的對(duì)話(huà)并與他人交談。)”及第五段“Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.(先前其他研究的結(jié)果也同樣積極。)”可知，這兩項(xiàng)研究的大多數(shù)參與者的共同點(diǎn)是他們對(duì)治療有積極反應(yīng)。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”(哥倫比亞大學(xué)的LawrenceLustig博士說(shuō)：“盡管這些研究中的孩子們最終并沒(méi)有獲得完美的聽(tīng)力，但這些孩子即使是輕微的聽(tīng)力損失恢復(fù)也相當(dāng)驚人?！辈贿^(guò)，他補(bǔ)充道，“還有很多問(wèn)題，比如治療能持續(xù)多久，孩子們的聽(tīng)力是否會(huì)繼續(xù)改善?！?”可知，LawrenceLustig對(duì)這個(gè)療法的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文和第四段“ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.(陳的團(tuán)隊(duì)的治療方法在手術(shù)中將該基因的功能拷貝傳遞到內(nèi)耳。它沒(méi)有造成重大副作用。)”可知，文章主要介紹了通過(guò)基因治療患有由基因突變導(dǎo)致的遺傳性耳聾的兒童。A項(xiàng)“基因治療：聾人的希望”是最合適的標(biāo)題。故選A。

（2024·重慶·三模）Handwritingnotesinclassmightseemoutdatedassmartphonesandotherdigitaltechnologycovereveryaspectoflearningacrossschoolsanduniversities.Butasteadystreamofresearchcontinuestosuggestthattakingnotesthetraditionalwayisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.Andnowscientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeopletakingnotesbycomputerweretypingwithoutthinking.“Itkindofgoesinthroughyourearsandcomesoutthroughyourfingertips,butyoudon’tprocesstheincominginformation,”shesays.Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowriteeverythingdown;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit—prioritizeit,consolidateitandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingontoexistingknowledgecanmakeiteasiertostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.Tounderstandspecificbrainactivitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theresearcherssewedelectrodes(電極)intoahairnetwith256sensorsthatrecordedthebrainactivityof36studentsastheywroteortyped15wordsfromthegamePictionarythatweredisplayedonascreen.Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespreadconnectivityacrossmanybrainregions.Typing,however,ledtominimalactivity,ifany,inthesameareas.Handwritingsetoffconnectionpatternscoveringvisualregions,whichreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層).Thelatterhandlesbodymovementandsensorimotorintegration,whichhelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceatVanderbiltUniversity,says,“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingordrawingit,thisstrengthenstheconceptandhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”5．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewresearch?A．Itisaninitialstudyonnote-taking. B．Itoffersanewnote-takingmethod.C．Itfindstheevidenceforpreviousfinding. D．Itintroduceshowtotakenoteseffectively.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consolidate”probablymeaninparagraph2?A．Integrate. B．Demonstrate. C．Obtain. D．Share.7．Whathappensinthebrainwhentakingnotesbyhand?A．Visualsystemsarelackinginactivities. B．Somebrainareasarehighlyinvolved.C．Sensoryinformationisprocessedrapidly. D．Themotorcortexacceptsvisualinformation.8．WhatisSophiaVinci-Booher’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?A．Approving. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)手寫(xiě)比打字更加有助于記憶和學(xué)習(xí)，解釋了背后的原因是手寫(xiě)筆記需要積極參與和處理信息。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Andnowscientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.(現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家們終于找到了原因)”和第二段“Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeopletakingnotesbycomputerweretypingwithoutthinking.(挪威科技大學(xué)的奧黛麗·范德米爾和魯?shù)隆し兜马f爾的這項(xiàng)新研究是在2014年的一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)研究的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的，該研究表明，用電腦做筆記的人是在不加思考地打字)”可知，新的研究是基于2014年研究的結(jié)果找尋背后的原因。故選C。6．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowriteeverythingdown;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit(但是當(dāng)用手記筆記時(shí)，通常不可能把所有的東西都寫(xiě)下來(lái);學(xué)生們必須積極地關(guān)注傳入的信息，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行處理)”以及后文“itandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.”可知，用手寫(xiě)方式記筆記通常不能記下所有的內(nèi)容。學(xué)生需要對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行消化，然后記下要點(diǎn)。因此consolidate應(yīng)該屬于“處理”信息的過(guò)程，即過(guò)程是：先把信息優(yōu)先排序，然后整合這些信息，并嘗試將其與之前學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故劃線詞意思是“整合”。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespreadconnectivityacrossmanybrainregions.(當(dāng)學(xué)生手寫(xiě)單詞時(shí)，傳感器檢測(cè)到大腦許多區(qū)域的廣泛連接)”可知，當(dāng)用手寫(xiě)方式記筆記時(shí)，大腦多個(gè)區(qū)域相連接并產(chǎn)生活動(dòng)。故選B。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceatVanderbiltUniversity,says,“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingordrawingit,thisstrengthenstheconceptandhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”(范德比爾特大學(xué)教育腦科學(xué)助理教授索菲亞·文西-布爾說(shuō)：“人們可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，當(dāng)他們通過(guò)書(shū)寫(xiě)或繪畫(huà)將某件事具體化時(shí)，這加強(qiáng)了概念，并有助于它留在他們的記憶中。”)”可知，她認(rèn)為此項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)了用手寫(xiě)方式記筆記可以強(qiáng)化所接收的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)增強(qiáng)大腦對(duì)知識(shí)的記憶，即對(duì)新研究是支持態(tài)度。故選A。（2024·河南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）LeoWalshparticipatedinthedesignoftheminivan,akindofvehicle,whichrevolutionizedthewayfamiliestraveled40yearsagotogenerationsofAmericans.AftergraduatingfromVirginiaTechwithadegreeinengineeringin1956.WalshwashiredbyChryslerinDetroit.“ThatwasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI’dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry,”Walshsaid.Theengineerprovedhisabilitywhilemaking$485amonth.“IwastheyoungestchiefengineeratChrysleratthattime,”Walshrecalled.Walshwasapproachedbythemanagerin1976todesignavehicleunlikeanyother.Walsh’steamdidn’twastetime.“Wedesignedaprototype(原型)bycuttingdownthebigvans,”Walshexplained.ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.“Wekeptprov