北京市朝陽區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（原卷版）

2023北京朝陽高二(下)期末英語(考試時間100分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運用(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。WhenIwasinseventhgrade,Ivolunteeredatalocalhospitalduringthesummer.IspentmostofthetimetherewithMr.Gillespie,___1___tohimandhelpingwithanythingthatneededtobedone.He___2___hadanyvisitors,andnobodyseemedtocareabouthiscondition.Hebecameaclosefriendofmine,eventhoughhe___3___withonlyanoccasionalpressonmyhand.Mr.Gillespiewasinaa(昏迷).ThenIleftforaweektovacationwithmyparents,andwhenIcameback,Mr.Gillespiewasgone.Ididn’thavethenervetoaskthenurseswherehewas,for___4___theymighttellmehehaddied.Severalyearslater,Inoticeda___5___faceatthegasstation.Hewasalive!IwentovertoaskhimifitwasMr.Gillespiewhowasinaafiveyearsago.Withanuncertainlookonhisface,herepliedyes.WhenIexplainedwhoIwas,tears___6___inhiseyes,andhegavemethewarmesthugIhadeverreceived.Mr.Gillespiebegantotellmehow,ashe___7___thereinaa,hecouldsensemypresence.Hefirmlybelievedthatitwasmy___8___thathadkepthimalive.Webothcriedforawhile,exchangedahug,andwentourseparateways.AlthoughIhaven’tseenhimsince,hefillsmyheartwithjoyeveryday.IknowthatImadea___9___betweenhislifeanddeath.Moreimportantly,hehasalsomadeanenormousinfluenceinmylife.Iwillneverforgethim.He____10____myhelp.1.A.pointing B.waving C.listening D.talking2.A.just B.never C.sometimes D.always3.A.promised B.admitted C.responded D.operated4.A.anger B.fear C.envy D.sorrow5.A.familiar B.serious C.typical D.magic6.A.wentback B.fellover C.driedout D.welledup7.A.lay B.grew C.waited D.tested8.A.smile B.courage C.advice D.voice9.A.connection B.suggestion C.difference D.decision10.A.represents B.deserves C.guarantees D.strengthens第二節(jié)選詞填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組并用其正確形式填空。HaveanimpactonreliablesubmitrevealberesponsibleforMakeupone’smindbarrierfigureoutenduppetitive11.Youneedadegreetobe________intoday’sjobmarket.12.Weneedmore________informationbeforewecantakeaction.13.Themountainsactedasanatural________tothespreadofthedisease.14.Themoviewewantedtoseewassoldoutsowe________seeingadifferentone.15.Ifyou________something,itisyourdutytodealwithitandmakedecisionsrelatingtoit.16.Thoseinterestedinthepositionshould________theirapplicationstotheStudentUnion.17.AsurveyoftheBritishdiet________thatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.18.WehadaveryproductivemeetingbecauseIfeltwe________alotofproblems.19Technologicalinnovation________thecountry’seconomyquiteconsiderably.20.Summervacationising,butIcan’t________wheretotakemyvacation.第三節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1閣恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。21.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,___________helpsthemkeepfit.（用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空）22.Thatnetwork_________(establish)in2022andhasalreadyworkedsmoothly.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)23.Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)24.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotourists_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)25.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________（range）frombutterfliestoelephants.（用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）26.I________(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI'lltrytofinishitattheweekend.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）27.Unless___________(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.28.Theheadmasterhasmade_________clearthatthemeetingwillnotbeputoff.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)29.Theexperiment_________(conduct)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)30._________(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecityappearsmoresplendid.(所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。APublicspeakingcanbestressful,butsufficientpreparationcanreducethestressofspeakinginfrontofpeople.Hereareafewstepstohelpyoumakeaneffectivepresentation.PrepareSelectandresearchyourtopiccarefully.Widereadingwillhelpyougatherenoughmaterialandfocusyourresearchatthepreparationstage.Developaroughoutlineofwhatyoumightincludethiscanefromanykeypointsyourlecturehastoldyoutoinclude.Organizeyourresearchintoyouroutline.Keepthetimelimitinmind,andmakeanycutsofunnecessaryorirrelevantinformation.WriteadraftofyourspeechItisespeciallyusefulifyouareusingvocabularythatyoumightbefindingdifficulttoremember.Summariseyourwrittenspeechintobriefnotes.Thesewilleventuallybeeyournumberednotecards.Prepareanyvisualthatyouaregoingtousetosupportyourpresentation.Remembervisualaidsshouldbesimpleandeffectiveinsupportingwhateveryouaresaying.PractiseKnowyourstuffconfidenceeswithknowledgeofcontent,Ifyouknowwhatyouaretalkingabout,thenyouwon’tfeelnervousaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.Practicepresentingyourspeechinfrontofamirror,andifyouhaveenoughcourage,askyourtrustedfriendstowatchyou.Themoreyoupractice,themoreconfidentyouwillbe.Askforconstructiveadvice.Askyourfriendsforadviceaboutyourgestures,speedofdelivery,andeventheclarityofyourmessage.PresentGettothepresentationearlyandmeetyouraudienceastheywalkin.Thismightbeagoodwaytocalmyournerves,asyouknowwhoareintheroom.Practicestandingatthefronttogetyourfeelfortheroomandspacebeforeyoubegin.Also,makesureanytechnologythatyouareusinginthepresentationisworking.Relaxifyouarefullyprepared,youwillmakeit!31.Whatcanbeincludedintheoutlineofyourspeech?A.Thereasonyouchoosethetopic.B.Thekeypointsrequiredtotalkabout.C.Thewordsyoufindhardtoremember.D.Thelistofmaterialyoureadonthetopic.32.Howcanyoureducenervousnessinapresentation?A.Knowyourspeechcontentwell.B.Arriveatthepresentationontime.C.TakealltheadvicefromyourfriendsD.Usenotechnologyincaseitgoeswrong.33.Tomakeaneffectivespeech,youneedto__________.A.writedowneverydetailonthenumberednotecardsB.presentasmuchinformationaspossibletoconveyyourideasC.readextensivelytocollectsufficientmaterialrelatedtoyourtopicD.usevividandplexvisualaidstodrawtheattentionofaudienceBMywifeHannahandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Aftermydiagnosis(診斷)withabraincancer,Ilovedtohavesomethinggreenandalivearoundus.AndthenIgotaluckybambooplantinapotfrommyfriendMitch.ItoldHannahIwantedtocarefortheplantmyself.Asaphysician,Iwasusedtoprovidingcare.Sincemydiagnosis,Ihadtorelyonhelpfromotherpeople,leavingmefeelingaimlessandupset.WateringtheplanttaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.Overthenextfewmonths,Irecoveredfromsurgeryandpletedthefirstroundoftreatment.BoththebambooandIwerethriving(繁榮).Then,mysteriously,itbegantoshowsignsofstress.NomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskeptdroppingtothefloor,makingmediscouragedanduneasy.“Ican’tevencareforsimpleplant!”Iyelled.“I’mfailing!”Hannahremindedmethatwe’dseenhouseplantsdiebefore.SheaskedmewhyIwasgettingsoworkedupaboutthisparticularone.“Ifmyluckybamboodies,”Icriedout,“Imightdietoo!”Identifyingwiththeplanthadofferedmefort.Nowthattheplantwasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyfearful.Suddenly,oneday,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.Whenmycancerreturned,itwouldnotbebecauseofanyfailureonmypart—notbecauseIatesugaroccasionallyandcertainlynotbecauseIfailedtokeepthisplantalive.Asmyanxietylessened,Ilearnedfromonlinetipstocareformydyingplant.Imovedthebambootoalargerpot,separatingitsrootstogiveitroomtogrow.Whenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbegantothriveagain.34.Whatmadetheauthorchangehisattitudetowardkeepinghouseplants?A.Herecoveredfromsurgery. B.Hegotaluckybambooplant.C.Hewasdiagnosedwithacancer. D.Helearnedhowtowateraplant.35.Whatwasthemaincausefortheauthor’sanxiety?A.Hisstrugglewithcancer.B.Hisdecisiontocarefortheplant.C.Hisinabilitytolookafterhimself.D.Hisbeliefinlinkinghissurvivaltotheplant’s.36.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Everythingestothosewhowait.BPositivethinkingisacureofanxiety.C.Trustyourselfthatyoucandoitandgetit.D.Youcarrythepassporttoyourownsuccess.CGrowingup,ChelseaWooddreamedofbeingaseabiologistandstudyinglarge,excitinganimalslikesharks.Instead,shelaterfoundherselflookingthroughamicroscopeattheorgansofasnail(蝸牛)andsawthousandsoflittlewhitesausageshapedparasites(寄生蟲).Throughthemicroscope,eachparasitehadtwodarkeyespots,whichmadethemsurprisinglyattractive.“Icouldn’tbelievethatI’dbeenlookingatsnailsforaslongasIhadandmissingallthecoolstuffhappeninginsidethem,”saysWood,nowaparasitologistatUniversityofWashington.NearlyhalfofallknownanimalsonEarthareparasites.Accordingtoonestudy,atenthofthemmayalreadybecertaintoextinctionduetoclimatechange,lossoftheirhosts,andintentionalattemptsofwipingthemout.Butnowitseemsthatfewpeoplecare.Bydefinition,parasitesliveinoronahostandtakesomethingfromthathost.Butnotallparasitescauseharm,andonlyasmallpercentageaffecttheirhosts.Infact,parasitesplayessentialrolesinecosystems,keepingsomepopulationsincheckwhilehelpingtofeedothers.Withoutparasiteskeepingthemincheck,populationsofsomeanimalswouldexplode.Manyparasitesmoveintotheirnexthostbycontrollingthehostthey’rein,whichdrivethathostintoananimal’smouthsothattheanimalcanbefed.Evenhumanhealthwouldn’tentirelybenefitfromwipingoutparasites.Thehumanimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng))evolvedwithagroupofparasites,andwhenwekilledthemoff,ourimmunesystemsbeganattackingourselves.SomepeoplewithCrohn’sdiseasehaveevenpurposelyinfectedthemselveswithintestinal(腸道的)parasiteslivedeservesourattention.Ifyougettounderstandthem,youmayfindthebraveryandattractionofparasites.They’veevolvedclevermeansofsurvival,frombeingafish’stonguetocontrollingthemindofcockroach(蟑螂).However,scientistsaren’teagertosavealltheparasites.Theguineaworm,forinstance,getsahardpassfromeventhemoststubbornconservationists.Itgrowstoadulthoodinsideaperson’sleg,causingharmtoone’shealth.Ultimately,thegoalofpromotingparasiteconservationisn’ttomakeeveryonefallinlovewiththem.Instead,it’stocallarelaxationinourwaragainstallofthem,becausethere’sstillsomuchwedon’tunderstandabouttheirvaluetoecosystemsandmaybeeventopeople.37.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebyreferringtoChelseaWood’sstory?A.Allparasitologistsinitiallyintendedtostudyparasites.B.Parasitesareeasilyignoredparedwithlargeanimals.C.Animalslikesharkshavemoreresearchvaluethanparasites.D.Scientistsstudyparasitesbecauseoftheirattractiveappearance.38.Theauthorusestheexampleunderlinedinparagraph4to__________.A.introduceanapproach B.drawaparisonC.presentanassumption D.illustrateanargument39.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Parasitescansmartlysurvivewithouttheirhosts.B.Conservationistsbelieveallparasitesshouldbeprotected.C.Someparasitesareimportantforthebalanceofourecosystem.D.Parasitescanchangetheirhostsbydirectlymovingontootheranimals.40.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyareparasitesDyingOut?B.WhyShouldWeSpareParasites?C.HowDoParasitesAffectEcosystems?D.HowCanWeCreateaWorldWithoutParasites?DTheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPThasshakeneducatorssinceitsNovemberrelease.NewYorkCitypublicschoolshavebanneditfromtheirnetworksandschooldevices.Thereis,perhapssurprisingly,onesubjectareathatdoesn’tseemthreatened,ItturnsoutChatGPTisquitebadatmaths.“I’mnothearingmathsinstructorsexpressconcernaboutChatGPT,”saidPaulvonHippel,aprofessorattheUniversityofTexaswhostudiesdatascienceandstatistics.“I’mnotsureit’susefulformathsatall,whichfeelsstrangebecausemathswasthefirstusecasefortheartificialintelligencedevices.”ChatGPT’sstrugglewithmathsisinherentinthistypeofAI,knownasalargelanguagemodel.Itscansalargeamountoftextfromacrossthewebanddevelopsamodelthatmightbeextremelyeffectiveforwritinggrammaticallycorrectresponsestoessayrequirement,butnotforsolvingamathsproblem.Inanemail,IaskedDebarghyaDas,asearchengineengineer,whyChatGPTgetssomesimplequestionsrightbutotherspletelywrong.“Maybetherightanalogy(類比)isifyouaskaroomofpeople,whohavenoideawhatmathsisbuthavereadmanyhieroglyphics(象形文字),‘Whatesafter2+2,’theymightsay,‘Usually,weseea4,’That’swhatChatGPTisdoing.”But,headds,“Mathsisn’tjustaseriesofhieroglyphics.It’stheprocessofcalculating.”Itisn’tgreatforpretendingyouknowitthroughamathsclassbecauseyouonlyrecognizethemistakesifyouknowthemaths.Anotherreasonthatmathsinstructorsarelessanxiousaboutthisinnovationisthattheyhavebeenherebefore.Thefieldwasupendedforthefirsttimedecadesagowiththegeneralavailabilityofputersandcalculators.“Mathshashadthebiggestrevolutionbasedonmachineryofanymainstreamsubject,”saidConradWolfram,thestrategicdirectorofWolframResearch.“Intherealworld,sinceputerscamealong,havemaths,scienceandengineeringgottenconceptuallysimpler?No,pletelytheopposite.We’reaskingharderandharderquestions,goingupalevel.”Eventually,AIwillprobablygettothepointwhereitsmathsanswersarenotonlyconfidentbutcorrect.Apurelargelanguagemodelmightnotbeupforthejob,butthetechnologywillimprove.Ingeneral,however,AI,likeputers,willlikelyultimatelybemostusefulforthosewhoalreadyknowafieldwell.Theyknowthequestionstoask,howtoidentifytheshortingsandwhattodowiththeanswer.Atool,inotherwords,isforthosewhoknowthemostmaths,nottheleast.41.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inherent”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Stable. B.Practical. C.Limited. D.Natural.42.WhatcanweknowfromDebarghya’sreply?A.Calculatingrequiressomeknowledgeofhieroglyphics.B.ChatGPTisgoodatsolvingmathematicalquestionsbyanalogy.C.ReadinghieroglyphicspreventsChatGPTsolvingmathsquestions.D.ChatGPT’sresponseisbasedonlanguagemodelsinsteadofcalculations.43.Whatcanbeinferredfrommathsinstructors’calmnessaboutChatGPT?A.ChatGPTisusefultoidentifymathsmistakes.B.Technicalrevolutionmademathseasiertounderstand.C.Newtechnologywillenduppushingtheboundariesofmaths.D.ChatGPThasbeenbannedfromnetworksandschooldevices.44.AsforAI,whichwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Itwillplaythelargestroleforprofessionalsinafield.B.Itwillbeeconfidenttosolveallthemathsproblems.C.Itwillturnthemathsfieldoveragainjustlikeputers.DItwilltakethejobsfromhumansasthetechnologyimproves.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Childrenloveplayingoutdoors,Theyusuallygetmuddy,withnoregardforthecolouroftheirclothing.“Don’tgetdirty!”wasonceaconstantfamilywarning,asparentswatchedtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Theywerehappyrunningthroughfarmer’sfieldsorclimbingtrees.____45____.Accordingtotheexperts,parentsdon’thavetoconcerntoomuchaboutit.Recentresearchshowsthatthedirtoutsidecandevelopresistancetoarangeofillnesses.Certainnaturalmaterials,suchasmud,containsurprisinglypowerfulmicroorganisms(微生物群)whosepositiveimpactonchildren’shealthweareonlybeginningtofullyunderstand____46____.Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayareestablishedaswell.Ourbrainsevolvedinbeautifullandscapes,andthewayweperceivetheworldisparticularlysuitedtowildoutdoorspaces____47____Ithelpsrefreshthebrainandevenreducedepressionandanxiety,OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwithADHD(注意力缺陷多動癥)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20minutewalkinthepark.Beijingclosetograssandtreesseemedtohaveabeneficialeffectontheirminds.____48____Ithelpschildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovementinteract,whichhelpsthemgraduallyunderstandtheexternalenvironmentandtheinternalconnectionsofthingsindifferentways.Ifchildrenplaywithothers,theycanlearnhowtomunicatewithothersanddevelopeffectivestrategiestopromotesocialization.Today,withtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureisrarerthaninthepast.Moreandmoreparentsbegintorecognizetheimportanceofoutdoorplay.____49____Theybelievethatnotonlydoesitmakechildrenemotionallyhappybutitalsohasapowerfuleffectontheirwellbeing.A.Formany,thereissimplynoopportunitytogetmuddy.B.Outdoorplaycabalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.C.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelofstimulation.D.Theymaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.E.Theyremendusingnatureasanaccessiblewayofinteractingwithothers.F.Itwasobviousthatchildren’swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.G.Outdoorplaydoesbettertochildren’sphysicalgrowth,paredwithgettingmuddy.第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第50、51題各2分，第52題3分，第53題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答?！癆nappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”Weallknowthathealthyhabitscanhelpusbuildastrongbody,buthowcanweliveahappylife?Overthepasttwodecades,scientistshaveidentifiedmanytechniquestoraiseourhappiness,butthesemethodscannotworkmagic.“Thingslikepovertyorinjuryareobviouslygoingtoaffectyourwellbeing,”saysLaurieSantos,atYaleUniversity.“Butformanyofus,ourhappinessismuchmoreunderourcontrolthanwethink.”Herfreecourse,TheScienceofWellbeing,exploresevidencebasedwaystoincreasehappiness.Foratasteofwhatthecourseinvolves,considerourtendencytopareourselvesnegativelywiththepeoplearoundus.Byrecognizingwhenthosethoughtshavestartedtoarise,youcanconsciouslyshiftthereferencepointtosomethingmoreneutral(中立的).Withthiskindofthinking,youmaystarttofeelmorecontent.Theuseofgratitudejournals,whereyouregularlycountyourblessing,workonasimilarbasis.Wehaveatendencyfor“hedonicadaptation”,essentiallygettingusedtothegoodthingsinourlifeovertime,andtakingthemforgranted,sotheynolonge