GB/T 44370-2024系統(tǒng)和軟件工程軟件產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求和評(píng)估可用性通用行業(yè)格式用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明

ICS13.180

CCSA25

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T44370—2024/ISO25065:2019

系統(tǒng)和軟件工程軟件產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求和

評(píng)估可用性通用行業(yè)格式用戶(hù)需求

說(shuō)明

Systemsandsoftwareengineering—SoftwareproductQualityRequirements

andEvaluation（SQuaRE）—CommonIndustryFormat（CIF）forUsability—

Userrequirementsspecification

（ISO25065：2019，IDT）

2024?08?23發(fā)布2025?03?01實(shí)施

國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局

國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)發(fā)布

GB/T44370—2024/ISO25065:2019

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義··············································································································1

3.1用戶(hù)需求相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)·······························································································1

3.2交互系統(tǒng)相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)·······························································································3

3.3可用性概念相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)····························································································4

4符合性····················································································································5

5用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明···········································································································5

5.1概述·················································································································5

5.2用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明和利益相關(guān)方需求定義之間的關(guān)系························································5

5.3用戶(hù)需求類(lèi)型·····································································································6

6用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容要素····························································································6

6.1內(nèi)容要素概述·····································································································6

6.2定義用戶(hù)需求的交互系統(tǒng)······················································································7

6.3設(shè)計(jì)約束···········································································································7

6.4用戶(hù)需求適用的使用情境······················································································7

6.5需支持的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)····························································································8

6.6用戶(hù)需求···········································································································8

6.7擬采用的用戶(hù)界面設(shè)計(jì)指南··················································································12

附錄A（資料性）用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容要素示例·································································13

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································16

Ⅰ

GB/T44370—2024/ISO25065:2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件等同采用ISO25065:2019《系統(tǒng)和軟件工程軟件產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求和評(píng)估可用性通用行業(yè)

格式用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明》。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專(zhuān)利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專(zhuān)利的責(zé)任。

本文件由全國(guó)人類(lèi)工效學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC7）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院、廣東美的制冷設(shè)備有限公司、四川虹美智能科技有限公司、

大連海事大學(xué)、中標(biāo)能效科技（北京）有限公司、浙江優(yōu)億醫(yī)療器械股份有限公司、天津建設(shè)發(fā)展集團(tuán)股

份公司、浙江德塔森特?cái)?shù)據(jù)技術(shù)有限公司、國(guó)能信控互聯(lián)技術(shù)有限公司、北京津發(fā)科技股份有限公司、

內(nèi)蒙古電投能源股份有限公司、國(guó)家電投集團(tuán)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院有限公司、上?？颇诫娖饔邢薰?、深圳

市樂(lè)科智控科技有限公司、青島國(guó)創(chuàng)智能家電研究院有限公司、國(guó)投中標(biāo)質(zhì)量基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施研究院有限公

司、中國(guó)民航信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)股份有限公司、中標(biāo)能效科技（青島）有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：冉令華、張欣、趙朝義、呼慧敏、譚華泉、劉皓、劉正捷、楊選衛(wèi)、李金城、趙起超、

林竹、周中雨、孟祥春、曹寶玉、王俊、陳綱、郭彤彤、毛偉、余康、陳闖、王博、張紅旺、張秋霞、宋子濤、

耿帥、施懿杰、尚喆、陳峰峰、葛猛、韋波、范廣明、徐善偉、邴兆振、高君玉、劉玉寧、曲兆奇、王晶晶。

Ⅲ

GB/T44370—2024/ISO25065:2019

引言

以一致的方式定義用戶(hù)需求有助于開(kāi)發(fā)和獲取可用的交互系統(tǒng)。本文件中使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)“用戶(hù)需

求”是指用戶(hù)?系統(tǒng)交互的需求（達(dá)成預(yù)期結(jié)果所需的交互）和與使用相關(guān)的質(zhì)量要求（以有效性、效率

和滿(mǎn)意度表示）。作為交互系統(tǒng)以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)方法的一部分，本文件描述了一組用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明的

內(nèi)容要素。用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明的通用行業(yè)格式旨在幫助以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)定義交互系統(tǒng)的用戶(hù)需求。

ISO/IECTR25060描述了可用性通用行業(yè)格式（CIF），它是系統(tǒng)和軟件產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求和評(píng)估系

列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（ISO/IEC25000~ISO/IEC25099）的一部分。

可用性通用行業(yè)格式（CIF）中的可用性是指ISO9241?11中定義的有效性、效率和滿(mǎn)意度，它被定

義為使用的結(jié)果，而不是一種產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，與ISO/IEC25010中的定義有所不同。

已發(fā)布或擬發(fā)布的CIF標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括以下部分：

——可用性測(cè)試報(bào)告（見(jiàn)ISO/IEC25062）；

——使用情境描述（見(jiàn)ISO/IEC25063）；

——用戶(hù)需要報(bào)告（見(jiàn)ISO/IEC25064）；

——用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明（見(jiàn)本文件）；

——可用性評(píng)估報(bào)告（見(jiàn)ISO/IEC25066）。

CIF屬于ISO/IEC25000“系統(tǒng)和軟件產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求和評(píng)估”（SQuaRE）系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的“擴(kuò)展部分”。

表1給出了“系統(tǒng)和軟件產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求和評(píng)估”（SQuaRE）系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容。

表1“系統(tǒng)和軟件產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求和評(píng)估”（SQuaRE）系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容

SQuaRE架構(gòu)和子項(xiàng)目

ISO/IEC2501×：質(zhì)量模型部分

ISO/IEC2503×：質(zhì)量要求部分ISO/IEC2500×：質(zhì)量管理部分ISO/IEC2504×：質(zhì)量評(píng)估部分

ISO/IEC2502×：質(zhì)量度量部分

ISO/IEC2505×~ISO/IEC2509×：SQuaRE的擴(kuò)展部分：

——ISO/IEC25051~ISO/IEC2505×：就緒可用軟件產(chǎn)品（RUSP）的質(zhì)量要求部分；

——ISO/IEC2506×：可用性通用行業(yè)格式（CIF）部分。

Ⅳ

GB/T44370—2024/ISO25065:2019

圖1CIF文件與以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)（見(jiàn)ISO9241?210）及系統(tǒng)生命周期過(guò)程

（見(jiàn)ISO/IEC/IEEE15288）的關(guān)系

圖1說(shuō)明了CIF文件、ISO9241?210以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)及ISO/IEC/IEEE15288相應(yīng)的系

統(tǒng)生命周期過(guò)程三者間的相互依存關(guān)系。粗體字部分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代表CIF流程的輸出?；顒?dòng)的輸出在圖

中以一組相交的圓來(lái)表示。圓與圓相互重疊，用以表示：

——以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)旨在滿(mǎn)足用戶(hù)需要；

——各活動(dòng)不是彼此孤立的，而是在時(shí)間和范圍上有所重疊；

——每項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的結(jié)果可為一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)其他活動(dòng)提供輸入。

由于每項(xiàng)以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)都可為任何其他活動(dòng)提供輸入，因此該圖中沒(méi)有起點(diǎn)、終點(diǎn)或順

序流程。

ISO9241?210中以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)方法側(cè)重于確保系統(tǒng)是可用的。以人為中心設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)識(shí)別和

溝通所有相關(guān)類(lèi)型的信息來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

注：ISO9241?220將以人為中心設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)擴(kuò)大到以人為中心的質(zhì)量，即可用性、無(wú)障礙、用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)和免于使用傷

害。在整個(gè)生命周期采用以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)能實(shí)現(xiàn)以人為中心的質(zhì)量目標(biāo)。

Ⅴ

GB/T44370—2024/ISO25065:2019

以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)依賴(lài)于最先通過(guò)使用情境分析識(shí)別的用戶(hù)需要。用戶(hù)需要記錄在用戶(hù)需要報(bào)

告（ISO/IEC25064）中。用戶(hù)需要報(bào)告是一種中間交付件，它將包含用戶(hù)、用戶(hù)任務(wù)及組織和物理環(huán)境

信息的使用情境描述（ISO/IEC25063）與用戶(hù)需求聯(lián)系起來(lái)。相應(yīng)地，用戶(hù)需求則記錄在用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)

明中。這些信息作為ISO/IEC/IEEE15288中描述的利益相關(guān)方需求定義過(guò)程的一部分來(lái)進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)。

“設(shè)計(jì)方案”活動(dòng)側(cè)重于設(shè)計(jì)滿(mǎn)足用戶(hù)需求的用戶(hù)交互。該活動(dòng)在ISO/IEC/IEEE15288描述的

體系架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)施和集成過(guò)程中進(jìn)行，并產(chǎn)生“用戶(hù)交互定義”和“用戶(hù)界面定義”。

“評(píng)估結(jié)果”活動(dòng)從項(xiàng)目的起步階段開(kāi)始，用于評(píng)估設(shè)計(jì)概念，以更好地了解用戶(hù)需要。設(shè)計(jì)方案

可在開(kāi)發(fā)交互系統(tǒng)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行多次評(píng)估，輸出各種類(lèi)型的評(píng)估報(bào)告。例如，可輸出ISO/IEC25062中

描述的可用性數(shù)據(jù)，可支持ISO/IEC/IEEE15288中的確認(rèn)過(guò)程，來(lái)確認(rèn)系統(tǒng)是否符合利益相關(guān)方的

需求。

Ⅵ

GB/T44370—2024/ISO25065:2019

系統(tǒng)和軟件工程軟件產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求和

評(píng)估可用性通用行業(yè)格式用戶(hù)需求

說(shuō)明

1范圍

本文件為定義用戶(hù)需求提供了框架和統(tǒng)一的術(shù)語(yǔ)。它為用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明提供了通用行業(yè)格式

（CIF），其中包括內(nèi)容要素以及需求說(shuō)明格式。

注1：用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明是一組用戶(hù)需求的正式文檔，有助于開(kāi)發(fā)和評(píng)估可用的交互系統(tǒng)。

在本文件中，用戶(hù)需求是指：

a）實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期結(jié)果的用戶(hù)?系統(tǒng)交互需求（包括對(duì)系統(tǒng)輸出及其屬性的要求）；

b）與使用相關(guān)的質(zhì)量要求，用以規(guī)定用戶(hù)與交互系統(tǒng)交互結(jié)果的質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則，能作為系統(tǒng)被接受

的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

注2：ISO/IEC25030介紹了質(zhì)量要求的概念。本文件中的與使用相關(guān)的質(zhì)量要求是一種特殊類(lèi)型的質(zhì)量要求。

用戶(hù)需求說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容要素旨在作為ISO9241?2