北京市豐臺區(qū)2023-2024學年高三上學期期末考試英語試題 含解析

豐臺區(qū)2023~2024學年度第一學期期末練習高三英語2024.01本試卷共12頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。筆試(共三部分100分)第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Allmyfriendshadmadethefootballcheerleadingteamexceptme.Mynamewas___1___fromthelist.Istillsatwiththematlunch,stilllaughedattheirjokes,___2___IfeltasifIdidn’tbelong.Ifoughtbacktears,wantingtobestrong.Knowingthatnextyearwouldbringanewroundoftry-outs,Istartedpracticingandwasdeterminedtoseemynameonthelist.However,mydadsuggestedthatIgetinvolvedinaschool-sport-___3___asanyonecouldsignupwithnotry-outs.IhadnoideawhatIwasgettingmyselfinto.Ionly___4___ImightparticipateinituntilImadethecheerleadingteamagain.Onthetrackteam,runningpushedmetoworkharderthanIeverknewIcould.Raceafterrace,Icontinuedtofeelmylungsburningfromthe___5___.IguessedthatIwantedto___6___myselftoseeifIcouldimprovemyrunningtime.Thenextyearwhenspringcamearound,Iwasthrilledtomakethefootballcheerleadingteam,when,incredibly,Ireceivedaletterfromanewcross-countrycoach,___7___metojoinhisrunningteam.Ididn’thaveareasonforchoosingrunningovercheerleading,___8___thefactthatIfollowedmyheart.WhenIcalledthecoachandtoldhimIwouldgiveitatry,Ineverrealizedthatonesimple___9___wouldchangethedirectionofmylife.Withinoneyear,Ibecameoneofthefastestfemalecross-countryrunners.Wecanbewhowewereborntobeorwecanjustfollowthecrowd.AndwhenIchosetobearunner,Ichosetobe_____10_____tomyself.1.A.coming B.missing C.turning D.changing2.A.but B.so C.or D.for3.A.throwing B.cheerleading C.football D.running4.A.recorded B.heard C.figured D.concluded5.A.effort B.diseases C.needs D.interest6.A.accept B.challenge C.express D.treat7.A.sending B.asking C.teaching D.reminding8.A.incaseof B.inspiteof C.ratherthan D.otherthan9.A.decision B.complaint C.evaluation D.expectation10.A.friendly B.tolerant C.true D.respectful【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5.A6.B7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在足球隊落選后，選擇參加無需選拔的跑步隊，在挑戰(zhàn)自我的過程中不斷努力，最終成為了一名優(yōu)秀的越野賽跑選手的故事?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：名單上沒有我的名字。A.coming來；B.missing錯過，思念；C.turning轉(zhuǎn)身；D.changing改變。根據(jù)“Istillsatwiththematlunch,stilllaughedattheirjokes,___2___IfeltasifIdidn’tbelong.”可知，作者的名字沒有出現(xiàn)在足球啦啦隊名單上。這里missing為形容詞，在句中作表語，表示“缺席的；不在的”。故選B?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我仍然和他們一起吃午飯，仍然為他們講的笑話發(fā)笑，但我覺得自己好像不屬于這里。A.but但是；B.so因此；C.or或者；D.for因為。根據(jù)“Istillsatwiththematlunch,stilllaughedattheirjokes,”和“IfeltasifIdidn’tbelong.”可知，兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我父親建議我參加一項學校運動——跑步，因為任何人都可以報名參加，不需要經(jīng)過選拔。A.throwing投擲；B.cheerleading啦啦隊；C.football足球；D.running跑步。根據(jù)下文“Onthetrackteam,runningpushedmetoworkharderthanIeverknewIcould.”可知，作者參加了跑步隊。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是想我可能會參加直到我再次成為啦啦隊員。A.recorded記錄；B.heard聽說；C.figured認為，想；D.concluded推斷。根據(jù)“ImightparticipateinituntilImadethecheerleadingteamagain.”可知，此處表示作者當時的想法。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一場又一場的比賽，我仍然感到我的肺在努力燃燒。A.efforts努力；B.diseases疾病；C.needs需要；D.interest興趣。根據(jù)“Onthetrackteam,runningpushedmetoworkharderthanIeverknewIcould.”可知，作者在跑步隊很努力。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我猜我想挑戰(zhàn)一下自己，看看我是否能提高我的跑步時間。A.accept接受；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.express表達；D.treat對待。根據(jù)“toseeifIcouldimprovemyrunningtime.”可知，作者想挑戰(zhàn)自己。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第二年春天來臨的時候，我興奮地加入了足球啦啦隊，但令人難以置信的是，我收到了一位新的越野教練的來信，邀請我加入他的跑步隊。A.sending發(fā)送；B.asking邀請；C.teaching教；D.reminding提醒。根據(jù)“Ireceivedaletterfromanewcross-countrycoach,”可知，新的越野教練邀請作者加入跑步隊。故選B?！?題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我沒有理由選擇跑步而不是啦啦隊，除了我跟隨自己的心。A.incaseof萬一；B.inspiteof盡管；C.ratherthan而不是；D.otherthan除了。根據(jù)“Ididn’thaveareasonforchoosingrunningovercheerleading,”可知，除了聽從自己的內(nèi)心，作者沒有選擇啦啦隊，而是選擇了跑步。故選D。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我打電話給教練，告訴他我要試一試時，我從未意識到一個簡單的決定會改變我的生活方向。A.decision決定；B.complaint抱怨；C.evaluation評價；D.expectation期待。根據(jù)“wouldchangethedirectionofmylife.”可知，一個簡單的決定改變了作者的生活方向。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我選擇成為一名跑步者時，我選擇做真實的自己。A.friendly友好的；B.tolerant寬容的；C.true真實的；D.respectful有禮貌的。根據(jù)“Wecanbewhowewereborntobeorwecanjustfollowthecrowd.”可知，作者選擇做一個真正的自己，而不是隨波逐流。故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheturtledoveistheUK’sfastest-decliningbirdspecies,accordingtoarecentstudy.Thedata,____11____(record)byalmost1,000volunteers,farmersandcountybirdclubs,showstherearenownearly2,100pairsleft,downfromsome125,000pairsin1970.LossofhabitatsandshootinginsouthernEurope____12____(think)tobedrivingthedecline.Thereishope,however,asthegovernment____13____(work)withlandownerstoallowmorefoodsuppliesinthehabitatsnow.【答案】11.recorded12.arethought13.isworking【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國衰退最快的鳥類物種斑鳩數(shù)量下降的原因，政府正在采取措施保護他們。【11題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：由近1000名志愿者、農(nóng)民和縣鳥類俱樂部記錄的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，現(xiàn)在只剩下近2100對，低于1970年的12.5萬對。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)用非謂語形式在句中作定語，且動詞record與被修飾詞Thedata構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。故填recorded?！?2題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：南歐棲息地的喪失和槍擊事件被認為是造成這種下降的原因。句子陳述一般事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，空處動詞與主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，句子應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，主語LossofhabitatsandshootinginsouthernEurope“南歐棲息地的喪失和槍擊事件”是兩個方面，故be動詞用are。故填arethought?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：然而，還是有希望的，因為現(xiàn)在政府正在與土地所有者合作，允許更多的食物供應(yīng)到棲息地。根據(jù)句中時間狀語now可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時，主語thegovernment為單數(shù)名詞，be動詞用is。故填isworking。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InMaytheCOMAC919,China’sfirstdomesticallydesignedpassengerplane,____14____(successful)completeditsfirstflight,markingamilestoneinChina’sspacehistory.Sofar,Chinahassolved____15____(difficulty)inmorethan100keytechnologiesandappliedformorethan10,000patents.Inthepast,Chinamainlydepended____16____thetechnologiesfromothercountries,butitisapplyingitsowntoday,helpingtopromotethehigh-quality____17____(develop)ofthecountry’seconomy.【答案】14.successfully15.difficulties16.on17.development【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了中國第一架國產(chǎn)客機中國商飛C919成功在5月完成首飛，標志著中國航天史上的一個里程碑。14題詳解】考查副詞。句意：5月，中國第一架國產(chǎn)客機中國商飛C919成功完成首飛，標志著中國航天史上的一個里程碑。分析句子可知，空處修飾動詞completed，應(yīng)用副詞successfully，在句中作狀語。故填successfully。【15題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)解決了100多項關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的困難，申請了1萬多項專利。根據(jù)morethan100keytechnologies可知，此處difficulty指具體困難，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填difficulties?！?6題詳解】考查介詞。句意：過去，中國主要依賴其他國家的技術(shù)，但今天正在應(yīng)用自己的技術(shù)，有助于推動國家經(jīng)濟的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。dependon“依靠，依賴”為固定短語。故填on。【17題詳解】考查名詞。句意：過去，中國主要依賴其他國家的技術(shù)，但今天正在應(yīng)用自己的技術(shù)，有助于推動國家經(jīng)濟的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。分析句子可知，空處在句中作賓語，應(yīng)用名詞development，不可數(shù)名詞。故填development。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AnnaJonesisajournalist,____18____firstbook,Divide-TheRelationshipCrisisBetweenTownandCountry,waslonglistedforthe2022JamesCropperWainwrightPrize.____19____(grow)uponafarmandworkinginthecityhavegivenAnnaarareinsightintorurallife.Annastartedthenon-profitcommunicationsproject“JustFarmers”in2018.Shealsorunsamediaeducationprogramtohelpfarmersfindconfidencetoshare____20____theyhaveexperiencedwiththewiderworld.【答案】18.whose19.Growing20.what【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了安娜·瓊斯的第一本書《城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系危機的劃分》入圍2022年詹姆斯·克羅珀·溫賴特獎。她從小在農(nóng)村長大，使得她對農(nóng)村生活有獨特見解，并創(chuàng)立一些項目來幫助農(nóng)民?！?8題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：安娜·瓊斯是一名記者，她的第一本書《城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系危機的劃分》入圍2022年詹姆斯·克羅珀·溫賴特獎。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且先行詞AnnaJones在從句中作定語，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose?！?9題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：在農(nóng)場長大和在城市工作讓安娜對農(nóng)村生活有了難得的了解。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)用動名詞形式在句中和working一起作并列主語，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Growing?！?0題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：她還開辦了一個媒體教育項目，幫助農(nóng)民找到信心，與更廣泛的世界分享他們的經(jīng)歷。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，且指代事情，應(yīng)用連接代詞what作引導(dǎo)詞。故填what。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AIfyouwouldliketovolunteerabroad,you’vecometotherightplace.Hereareavarietyofvolunteeringopportunities,includingmedical,sports,andwildlifeconservationinAfrica,whichcanhelpgainhands-oninternationalworkexperienceandlearnthingsyou’llnevergetoutofatextbook.MedicalandHealthcareProjectsIfyou’reamedicalstudenthopingtogainsomevaluableexperience,wehavesuitableplacementsforyou.Wehaveprojects,whichcanreallyusetheskillsofqualifiedvolunteers,suchasdoctors,nurses,dentistsandawholerangeofprofessions.Ifyouareunskilled,buthaveaninterestandwouldliketoassistinthisfieldthenyoucanalsohelpinmanyprojectareas.SportsCoachingProjectsOursportsvolunteerprojectsinvolvechildrenofdifferentagesandabilities,orsometimesadultsaswell.Therefore,anyonewithsportscoachingskillswillbeputtoverygooduse,tryingtobringontheAfricansportsstarsofthefuture.You’llbeabletohelporganizesportingactivities,teachnewsportstothechildren,coachthemintheirsportssessionsandevenplayfootballagainstthelocalteam-don’texpecttowin!WildlifeandConservationProjectsWildlifeconservationvolunteeringinAfricacanbehardworkattimesasyouhavetodealwiththehuman-wildlifeconflictsandensurelocalcommunitiesbenefitfromconservation.However,therearesomemajorpositives,generallybasedinsomeofthemostamazingnaturalareas.Theygetyoubehindthescenesofplacesthattouristswilloftenpaylargeamountsofmoneytovisitonholiday.Ifyouhaverelevantconservationexperienceorqualifications,oraspartofyourstudies,thenpleasegetintouch.21.InWildlifeandConservationProjects,youwill______.A.payfortheholidayvisitsB.organizecommunityactivitiesC.providemedicalservicesD.handlethehuman-wildlifeconflicts22.Whatbenefitscanyougetfromthethreeprojects?A.Professionaltrainings.B.Qualificationpromotion.C.Workexperience.D.Historicaladventures.23.Thepassageisintendedto______.A.describelifeinAfricaB.sharetravelingmemoriesC.introducevolunteeringprojectsD.explaintheimportanceofworkingabroad【答案】21.D22.C23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三個非洲的志愿者服務(wù)項目。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章WildlifeandConservationProjects部分“WildlifeconservationvolunteeringinAfricacanbehardworkattimesasyouhavetodealwiththehuman-wildlifeconflictsandensurelocalcommunitiesbenefitfromconservation.(在非洲做野生動物保護志愿者有時是一項艱巨的工作，因為你必須處理人類與野生動物的沖突，并確保當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)從保護中受益)”可知，在野生動物和保護項目中，您將處理人類與野生動物之間的沖突。故選D項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Hereareavarietyofvolunteeringopportunities,includingmedical,sports,andwildlifeconservationinAfrica,whichcanhelpgainhands-oninternationalworkexperienceandlearnthingsyou’llnevergetoutofatextbook.(這里有各種各樣的志愿服務(wù)機會，包括非洲的醫(yī)療、體育和野生動物保護，這有助于獲得實際的國際工作經(jīng)驗，并學到課本上永遠不會學到的東西)”可知，你可以從這三個項目中獲得工作經(jīng)驗。故選C項。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Hereareavarietyofvolunteeringopportunities,includingmedical,sports,andwildlifeconservationinAfrica,whichcanhelpgainhands-oninternationalworkexperienceandlearnthingsyou’llnevergetoutofatextbook.(這里有各種各樣的志愿服務(wù)機會，包括非洲的醫(yī)療、體育和野生動物保護，這有助于獲得實際的國際工作經(jīng)驗，并學到課本上永遠不會學到的東西)”可知，文章主要介紹了三個非洲的志愿者服務(wù)項目。故選C項。BMouthopeninwonderandhorror,LaurentPelletierstaresatthebushcricketthathaslandedinfrontofhimonthepicnictable.“Canweeatit?”heaskshismum.“CanItakeitasatravelcompanion?”Inearly2022,Laurent’sparentsdecidedtoquittheirjobs.Theytooktheirfourchildren,Mia,Léo,Colin,andLaurent,travelledover52,000milesandvisited13countries.Overthemonths,theworldconstantlyunveiled(顯露)itself.Thekidsplayedpat-a-cakewithuniformedschoolchildreninBotswana,andwhileinTanzaniatheytriedAfricantraditionaldanceswithlocalsandstayedonabananafarm.InThailand,theytouchedanelephant,callingoutinsurpriseathowroughitfelt.Rarelydidtheytalkaboutwhytheywereabroadinthefirstplace,withoneexception.WhiletravellingalongadustyMongolianhighwaylastsummer,Laurent,whohadseemedunawareofwhatwastocome,asked,“Whatdoesitmeantobeblind?HowwillIcrossthestreet?WillIbeabletodriveacar?”“It’slikewhenyouhaveyoureyesclosed,”hismothersaid.“Itwon’thappenovernight,butslowly,overyears.”Beingblind,shecontinued,didn’tmeantheendoftheworld.Rather,theworldwouldbedifferent.Nothingwouldpreventthemfromdoingmostthings,includingskiing,swimmingorevenbecomingscientistswhoworkedoncuresfortheirdisease.Laurentnodded,thenwentbacktomakinguphisowngamestopassthetime.Thefourkidswillbecomeblind,likelyinadulthood.Theyhaveadiseasecalledretinitispigmentosa(RP),agroupofrelatedeyedisordersthatcauseprogressiveeyesightloss.Byfar,ithasnoeffectivetreatment,anditwillgraduallytakeawaytheireyesight.However,theirparentsstillwanttheirkidstoleadfulllives,whetherthey’reblindornot.Thetriphasreinforced(增強)whattheybelievealltheseyears-thekidswillfindtheirway.Eachday,theirparentswatchthekidschange,physicallyandemotionally.Laurentgrowstallerandneedsmoreindependence.BothLéoandColinbecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing,unafraidtoengagewithstrangers.“Today,myeyesightisgoodandI’mgoingtomakethemostofit,”saysMia.“Tomorrow,wewillrisetothechallenge.”24.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthefamilyexperienceontheirtrip?A.Theydidthefarmwork.B.Theytookelephantrides.C.Theycompletedzootours.D.Theyenjoyedthefolkdance.25.WhatmadeLaurent’sparentsdecidetoquittheirjobs?A.Theirkids’health.B.Theirworkchallenges.C.Theirfamilydreams.D.Theirpassionfornature.26.Whatdidthetripmainlybringtothekids?A.Strongbodies.BSocialskills.C.Positivemindset.D.Languageability.27.Whatcanwemainlyconcludefromthispassage?A.Travellingistoseekforaninterestinglife.B.Nothingisimpossibletoadeterminedheart.C.One’spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.D.Treasurewhatyouhaveandlivelifetothefullest.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了勞倫特的父母帶著他們的四個成年后會失明的孩子去環(huán)游世界，體現(xiàn)出一種要珍惜現(xiàn)在所擁有的并盡情享受生活的人生態(tài)度。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thekidsplayedpat-a-cakewithuniformedschoolchildreninBotswana,andwhileinTanzaniatheytriedAfricantraditionaldanceswithlocalsandstayedonabananafarm.

(在博茨瓦納，孩子們與穿制服的學童一起玩拍蛋糕游戲，在坦桑尼亞，他們與當?shù)厝艘黄饑L試非洲傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，并住在香蕉農(nóng)場。)”可知，這家人很喜歡民間舞蹈。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inearly2022,Laurent’sparentsdecidedtoquittheirjobs.Theytooktheirfourchildren,Mia,Léo,Colin,andLaurent,travelledover52,000milesandvisited13countries.(2022年初，勞倫特的父母決定辭職。他們帶著他們的四個孩子，Mia、Léo、Colin和Laurent，旅行了52000英里，訪問了13個國家。)”和文章最后一段“Eachday,theirparentswatchthekidschange,physicallyandemotionally.(每天，他們的父母都看著孩子們在身體和情感上發(fā)生變?；?”可知，勞倫特的父母決定辭職是為了帶孩子們?nèi)タ词澜?，是為了讓孩子們身心健康。故選A項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Laurentgrowstallerandneedsmoreindependence.BothLéoandColinbecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing,unafraidtoengagewithstrangers.“Today,myeyesightisgoodandI’mgoingtomakethemostofit,”saysMia.“Tomorrow,wewillrisetothechallenge.”(勞倫特長高了，需要更多的獨立性。Léo和Colin都變得更加自信和外向，不怕與陌生人交往。米婭說：“今天，我的視力很好，我將充分利用它。明天，我們將迎接挑戰(zhàn)?！?”可知，旅行讓孩子們有非常積極的心態(tài)。故選C項?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文及文章第四段“However,theirparentsstillwanttheirkidstoleadfulllives,whetherthey’reblindornot.(然而，他們的父母仍然希望他們的孩子過上充實的生活，無論他們是否失明。)”可知，文章主要講述勞倫特的父母帶著他們的四個成年后會失明的孩子環(huán)游世界，體現(xiàn)出一種要珍惜現(xiàn)在所擁有的并盡情享受生活的人生態(tài)度。故選D項。CTooMuchInformationComputerhackers,inordertogetmoresecretinformation,constantlyimproveatbreakingintocyberdefenses(網(wǎng)絡(luò)防御系統(tǒng))tostealvaluabledocuments.Sosomeresearchersproposeusinganartificial-intelligencealgorithm(算法)tohopelesslyconfusethem,oncetheybreakin,byhidingtherealdealinamountainofmisleadingdocumentsandinformation.Thealgorithm,calledWordEmbedding-basedFakeOnlineRepositoryGenerationEngine(WE-FORGE),createsdecoysofpatentsunderdevelopment.Ifhackerswereafter,say,therecipeforanewdrug,theywouldhavetofindtherelevantneedleinaseaoffalsedocuments.Thiscouldmeancheckingeachrecipeindetail-andperhapsinvestinginafewdead-endones.“Thenameofthegamehereis,‘Makeitharder,”explainsV.SSubrahmanian,itsdeveloper,DartmouthCollegeCyberSecurityresearcher.“Painthosestealingfromyou.”Subrahmaniansayshetackledthisprojectafterreadingthatcompaniesareunawareofnewkindsofcyberattacksforanaverageof312daysaftertheybegin.“Hackershavealmostayeartodecampwithallourdocuments,patentsandintellectualproperty,”hesays.“Theyhavestolenalmosteverything.It’snotjustthecrownjewels-it’sthecrownjewels,andthejewelsofthecleaninglady,andthewatchofthesecretary!”ThedocumentsproducedbyWE-FORGEcouldalsoactashiddentrapstoconfusehackers,saysRachelTobac,CEOofSocialProofSecurity.Thesedocumentsmightalertsecuritywhenaccessed.Companieshavetypicallyusedhuman-createdfalsecopiesforthisstrategy.Butnowthealgorithmisabletodothatforus.Thesystemproducesconvincingtrapsbysearchingthroughadocumentforkeywords.Foreachoneitfinds,itcalculatesalistofrelatedconceptsandreplacestheoriginaltermwithonechosenatrandom.Theprocesscanproducedozensofdocumentsthatcontainnopatentinformationbutstilllookcredible.Subrahmanianandhisteamaskedcomputerscienceandchemistrygraduatestoevaluaterealandfalsepatentsfromtheirrespectivefields.AndthehumansfoundtheWE-FORGE-createddocumentshighlybelievable.WE-FORGEmighteventuallyexpanditsboundary.BothSubrahmanianandTobacthinkthisresearchwillattractcommercialinterest.“Icoulddefinitelyseeanorganizationinvestinginthistypeofproduct”Tobacsays.“Ifthiscreatesbelievabledecoyswithoutreleasingsensitivedetailswithinthosetraps,thenIthinkyou’vegotahugewiththere.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decoys”inParagraph2referto?A.Misleadingdocuments.B.Originalterms.CComputeroperatingsystems.D.Cybersecurities.29.InParagraph3,whatSubrahmaniansaysindicates______.A.thegreedinessofhackersB.thewealthofthecompaniesC.theunreliabilityofthenetworkD.thevarietyofintellectualproperty30.WhatcanwelearnaboutWE-FORGE?A.Itwillsoundalarmuponbeingoperated.B.Itisprofitablefortheusersbyavoidingtheirloss.C.Ithasattractedinvestorsforitsapplicationinmanyfields.D.Itcancomposeirrelevantconceptsinthefalsedocuments.【答案】28.A29.A30.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種人工智能算法(WE-FORGE)，該算法能夠產(chǎn)生黑客盜取文件的偽造文件，將真實文件隱藏在堆積如山的偽造文件中，從而迷惑黑客，避免用戶的損失?！?8題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ifhackerswereafter,say,therecipeforanewdrug,theywouldhavetofindtherelevantneedleinaseaoffalsedocuments.(比如說，如果黑客在尋找一種新藥的配方，他們將不得不在虛假文件中大海撈針)”可知，該算法(WE-FORGE)能夠產(chǎn)生黑客盜取文件的偽造文件，將真實文件隱藏在堆積如山的偽造文件中，混淆視聽，故劃線詞指的是那些誤導(dǎo)黑客的文件。故選A項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Hackershavealmostayeartodecampwithallourdocuments,patentsandintellectualproperty,”hesays.“Theyhavestolenalmosteverything.It’snotjustthecrownjewels-it’sthecrownjewels,andthejewelsofthecleaninglady,andthewatchofthesecretary!”(他說：“黑客有將近一年的時間帶著我們所有的文件、專利和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)潛逃。他們幾乎偷走了所有東西。不僅是皇冠上的珠寶，還有皇冠上的寶石，還有清潔女工的珠寶，以及秘書的手表！”)”可知，Subrahmanian的話表明黑客無所不偷，非常貪婪。故選A項。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThedocumentsproducedbyWE-FORGEcouldalsoactashiddentrapstoconfusehackers,saysRachelTobac,CEOofSocialProofSecurity.Thesedocumentsmightalertsecuritywhenaccessed.Companieshavetypicallyusedhuman-createdfalsecopiesforthisstrategy.Butnowthealgorithmisabletodothatforus.(SocialProofSecurity首席執(zhí)行官RachelTobac表示，WE-FORGE制作的文件也可能成為迷惑黑客的隱藏陷阱。訪問這些文檔時，可能會向安全部門發(fā)出警報。公司通常使用人為創(chuàng)建的虛假副本來實現(xiàn)這一策略。但現(xiàn)在算法能夠為我們做到這一點)”可知，WE-FORGE制作的文件可以迷惑黑客，避免用戶的損失，這對于用戶來說是有益的。故選B項。DThescientistsbehindanewdatabaseofmorethan400extremeweatherattribution(歸因)studieshaveperformedanessentialservice.Thispieceofwork,drawingtogethereverystudyofthistype,oughttocreateagreatersenseofurgencyaroundpolicymakingandcampaigning.Itshowsthatintenseheatwaves,hurricanes,andfloodshaveallbeenmadefarmorelikelybygreenhousegasemissions.Anditspellsoutthealarmingunpredictabilityaswellastheextentofglobalheating’sconsequences.Untiltheearly2000s,whenthefirstattributionstudieswerepublished,itwashardertolinkCO2intheatmospherewithglobalheating’ssensibleeffects.Thankstoagrowingbodyofresearch,nowweknow.Thelastsummer’srecord-breaking“heatdome”(熱穹頂)acrosstheglobewouldhavebeenalmostimpossiblewithouthuman-causedclimatechange.“Beautyistruth,truthbeauty,”wrotethepoetJohnKeatsjustover200yearsago.Whenitcomestoclimate,truthcanfeelclosertoterrorthesedays.Butscientistsarerighttoinsistthattherealitymustbefaced.Indeed,thisistheonlywaytoavoidthemostdisastrousoutcomes.Inanewbook,HothouseEarth,ProfBillMcGuirearguesthatwehavereachedastagewhenminimisingdangersshouldberegardedas“climateappeasement”.Likethehistoricalresponsibilityforcarbonemissions,attitudesandexperiencesinthepresentcrisisareunevenlyandunjustlysharedout.Billionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andaboveallintheglobalsouth,arecaughtupday-to-dayinastruggleforsurvival.Thisdoesn’tmeantheydon’trecogniseglobalheating;subsistence(勉強維持生活)farmersandfishersaremoredirectlyexposedtoenvironmentaldamagethananyoneelse.Butwesterngovernments,businessesandpeoplewhoarerelativelyshelteredfromglobalheating’sworsteffectsshouldrecognisethisastheprivilegethatitis.Withthisyear’sClimateChangeConferencefastapproaching,westerngovernmentsmustfollowthroughontheirpromisesofclimatefinancetoenableagreentransitioninthedevelopingworld.Thepurposeofattributionscienceisnotsimplytowarntheworldaboutwhatishappening,buttoaidpreparationsforwhathasnothappenedyet.Themostalarmingglobaltrend,apartfromstill-risingemissionsthatmeanweareoncoursefor2.5°Cofheating,istheunexpectedspeedwithwhichitisalreadycausingchaos.Givenwhatwenowknowabouttheimpactof1°Cofwarming,itisnoexaggerationtosaythatthistrendisdisastrous.Butalternativesexist,andinsistingonthispointhasneverbeenmoreimportant.Thealarmingfindingsofattributionscientistscangiverisetodesperation-butmustnotbeallowedtoenddeterminationandhope.31.Theattributionstudiesimplythat____.A.policiesaddressingclimateissuesareineffectiveB.itishardtolinkCO2withtheeffectsofglobalheatingC.theextentofglobalheating’sconsequencesisunpredictableD.humansaretoblamefortheincreasedoccurrenceofdisasters32.HowdoesProfBillMcGuirefeelaboutthepresentclimatecrisis?A.Worried. B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic. D.Puzzled.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Theglobalsouthisinurgentneedoffinancialsupport.B.Thespeedingupofglobalwarminghasspelledtrouble.C.Globalheatingaffectswesterncountriestoalargerextent.D.Theefforttoreducegreenhousegasemissionhasworked.34.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tourgethepublictofollowthescience.B.Topersuadethescientiststofurthertheirstudy.C.Toassessthecurrentpolicyontheclimatecrisis.D.Toconfirmthepublic’sconcernforglobalheating.【答案】31.D32.A33.B34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了歸因研究表明極端天氣可能是由溫室氣體排放導(dǎo)致，從而呼吁人們要尊重科學，采取措施，避免更嚴重的后果?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“Itshowsthatintenseheatwaves,hurricanes,andfloodshaveallbeenmadefarmorelikelybygreenhousegasemissions.Anditspellsoutthealarmingunpredictabilityaswellastheextentofglobalheating’sconsequences.(報告顯示，溫室氣體排放大大增加了強烈熱浪、颶風和洪水發(fā)生的可能性。它還詳細說明了令人擔憂的不可預(yù)測性以及全球變暖后果的程度)”和第二段“Untiltheearly2000s,whenthefirstattributionstudieswerepublished,itwashardertolinkCO2intheatmospherewithglobalheating’ssensibleeffects.Thankstoagrowingbodyofresearch,nowweknow.Thelastsummer’srecord-breaking“heatdome”acrosstheglobewouldhavebeenalmostimpossiblewithouthuman-causedclimatechange.(直到21世紀初，當?shù)谝慌鷼w因研究發(fā)表時，很難將大氣中的二氧化碳與全球變暖的明顯影響聯(lián)系起來。多虧了越來越多的研究，現(xiàn)在我們知道了。如果沒有人為造成的氣候變化，去年夏天全球破紀錄的“熱穹頂”幾乎是不可能的)”可知，歸因研究表明，氣候變暖是人類造成的，人類應(yīng)為災(zāi)害的增加負責。故選D項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inanewbook,HothouseEarth,ProfBillMcGuirearguesthatwehavereachedastagewhenminimisingdangersshouldberegardedas“climateappeasement”.(BillMcGuire教授在新書《溫室地球》中認為，我們已經(jīng)到了將危險降至最低視為“氣候綏靖”的階段)”可知，BillMcGuire認為現(xiàn)在人們只是降低危險，但對氣候變暖不加抵制，退讓屈服，從而對當前的氣候危機感到擔憂。故選A項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Themostalarmingglobaltrend,apartfromstill-risingemissionsthatmeanweareoncoursefor2.5°Cofheating,istheunexpectedspeedwithwhichitisalreadycausingchaos.Givenwhatwenowknowabouttheimpactof1°Cofwarming,itisnoexaggerationtosaythatthistrendisdisastrous.(最令人擔憂的全球趨勢是，除了排放量仍在上升，這意味著我們正朝著2.5°C的升溫方向發(fā)展之外，它已經(jīng)以出乎意料的速度造成混亂?？紤]到我們現(xiàn)在所知道的1°C變暖的影響，可以毫不夸張地說，這種趨勢是災(zāi)難性的)”可知，全球變暖的加速帶來了麻煩。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文及文章第一段“Thescientistsbehindanewdatabaseofmorethan400extremeweatherattribution( 歸因 )studieshaveperformedanessentialservice.Thispieceofwork,drawingtogethereverystudyofthistype,oughttocreateagreatersenseofurgencyaroundpolicymakingandcampaigning.Itshowsthatintenseheatwaves,hurricanes,andfloodshaveallbeenmadefarmorelikelybygreenhousegasemissions.Anditspellsoutthealarmingunpredictabilityaswellastheextentofglobalheating’sconsequences.(一個由400多項極端天氣歸因研究組成的新數(shù)據(jù)庫背后的科學家們提供了一項重要服務(wù)。這項工作匯集了每一項此類研究，應(yīng)該會在決策和競選活動中產(chǎn)生更大的緊迫感。這表明，強烈的熱浪、颶風和洪水都更有可能是由溫室氣體排放造成的。它闡明了令人擔憂的不可預(yù)測性以及全球變暖的后果)”可知，文章主要介紹了歸因研究表明極端天氣可能是由溫室氣體排放導(dǎo)致，從而呼吁人們要尊重科學，采取措施，避免更嚴重的后果。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThePowerof”Like“Likeitorloveit,socialmediaisamajorpartoflife.Teensspendmorethanhalfoftheirwakinghoursonline.Andmostofwhattheydoisreadandrespondtopostsbyfriendsandfamily.Clickingonathumbs-uporahearticonisaneasywaytostayintouch.____35____Clicking”like“onapostcanincreasethenumberofpeoplewhoseeit.Ifotherpeoplehavelikedapost,newviewerswillbemorelikelytolikeittoo.Manysocialmediasitessharemoreofthehigher-rankedposts.____36____Accordingtorecentstudies,viewingone’sownpostswithalotoflikesactivatestherewardsystemintheirbrains,especiallyforteens.Positiveresponsestoteens’ownphotos(intheformofmanylikes)tellthemthattheirfriendsappreciatethematerialthey’reposting.____37____Seeingsomeoneelse’spopularphoto,however,doesn’tnecessarilyturniton.Morelikely,itmayaffectbehavioralattitudes.____38____Inone2011study,inwhichteensdoingdrivingtaskinalabtookmoreriskswhentheirfriendswerearound,suggeststhattee