第2講-非謂語動詞(二)

第2講非謂語動詞（二）【基礎(chǔ)題組】1.Thebirdwasluckytomiss_______(shoot).2.Theneedtodowhatmajorityofusaredoingforcesus_______(take)upactivitieswhichwewouldn’totherwise.3.---Whatdidthetwocountrieswanttoavoidascooperativepartnersratherthanenemies?---_______(repeat)themistakeshappeninginhistory.4.Theice-cream,_____(smell)sonice,mustbedoneaccordingtoawonderfulrecipe.5.Asyouknow,theChinesewerethefirstpeople______(use)thecoinasmoney.6.Mr.Hanfounditincreasinglydifficult____(read),forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.7.——Doesyourcarrequire_____(wash),Sir?-----Yes,Irequirethatitbewashedrightnow.8._____(approach)thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.9.ThewayTimthoughtof_______(keep)theclassroomcleanandtidyprovedtobeveryeffective.11.Withadvancedtechnology______(introduce)thisyear,ourfactorycanproducemorethantwiceasmanybicyclesaslastyear.12.TheCopenhagenSummitendsupinabroadagreementingeneralbutwithlotsofdetails______(remain)tobeworkedoutinfuturemonthsoftheyear.13.Fully______(occupy)inpreparingteachingassignmentatschool,shenolongerhastimetoenjoythevariousactivitiesasusual.14.Theplay__________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.15.Hesaidhisideawas____(climb)themountainfromthenorthandthattheycouldarriveaheadoftime.16.WhensheknewIwasgoingtothesupermarket,shegotme______(buy)someapplesforher17.TheTVseries,ALittleReunion,______(adapt)frombest-sellingwriterLuYingong'snovelofthesamename,hasarousedgreatresponse.18.Itremains_____(see)whetherthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicy(政策）canbeputintopractice.19.Thetowngovernmentspentalotofmoney__________(preserve)theoldcastleandotherplacesofhistoricinterest.20.Hemadealotofcarelessmistake,_____(result)inhisfailureinthisdrivingtest.beingshot;totake;Repeating;smelling;touse;toread;washing/tobewashed;Approaching;tokeep;Tomake;introduced;remaining;occupied;tobeproduced;toclimb;tobuy;adapted;tobeseen;preserving;resulting【語法點(diǎn)梳理】【知識梳理1】現(xiàn)在分詞的形式及用法現(xiàn)在分詞主動被動與謂語動詞動作先后關(guān)系例句一般式doingbeingdone同時Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.（主動、同時）Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.（被動、同時）完成式havingdonehavingbeendone之前Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.（主動、之前）Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.（被動、之前）否定式：not+現(xiàn)在分詞批注：動詞分及物和不及物動詞，所以現(xiàn)在分詞的形式也會因?yàn)閯釉~是否是及物動詞而不同，及物動詞有被動語態(tài)，而不及物動詞是沒有被動語態(tài)的。【知識梳理2】現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)作定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前，如果是分詞短語作定語放在名詞后?！纠}精講】例1.Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。例2.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor’sfather.正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。批注：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears=intheyearsthatfollowedthemanspeaking=themanwhoisspeaking 表語：【例題精講】例.Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在這家影院上映的電影很棒。批注：be+doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于be+doing表示進(jìn)行的動作是進(jìn)行時，而表示特征時是系動詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 賓語補(bǔ)足語：以下動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等?！纠}精講】例1.Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能聽見她在隔壁房間唱歌嗎？例2.Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。狀語：1）時間狀語【例題精講】例.(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工廠工作時，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。2）原因狀語【例題精講】例.BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。3）方式狀語，表示伴隨【例題精講】例.Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。4）條件狀語【例題精講】例.(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就會浪費(fèi)寶貴的時間。5）結(jié)果狀語【例題精講】例.Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。6）目的狀語【例題精講】例.Hewentswimmingtheotherday.幾天前他去游泳了。7）讓步狀語【例題精講】例.Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了?！局R梳理3】過去分詞1）過去分詞一般表示被動和完成意義，在句中作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。不及物動詞的過去分詞則只表示完成意義。形式只有done一種。2）過去分詞的句法功能定語：【例題精講】例1.OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。例2.Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會議。批注：有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成。如：boiledwater（開水） fallenleaves（落葉）newlyarrivedgoods（新到的貨） therisensun（升起的太陽）thechangedworld（變了的世界）當(dāng)過去分詞單獨(dú)使用時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。如以上兩個句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句：OurclasswentonatripwhichwasorganizedlastMonday.Thosewhowereelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting. 表語：【例題精講】例1.Thewindowisbroken.窗戶破了。例2.Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。be+過去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)?！纠}精講】例1.Thewindowisbroken.（系表）例2.Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被動）賓語補(bǔ)足語：【例題精講】例1.Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語：例2.Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。 狀語：【例題精講】例1.Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）例2.Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時間）例3.Givenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.如果給予更多的時間，我能做得更好。（表示條件）例4.Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.雖然被告之危險，他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。（表示讓步）【知識梳理4】分詞注意點(diǎn)1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致，有其獨(dú)立的邏輯主語時，就把這個結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠}精講】例1.Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。例2.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。例3.Allbooksreturnedattheendoftheterm,thelibraryassistantwassatisfied.所有的書期末時都還了，圖書管理員很高興。例4.Thefieldploughed,hebegantospreadseed.地耕好了，他開始撒種子。批注：有時也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式例5.Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。2）獨(dú)立成分：有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語時，其形式的選擇不受上下文影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見的有：generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering…/taking…intoconsideration,totellyouthetruth,supposing,given,provided,comparedto/with等。【例題精講】例1.Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.從外表看，他一定是個演員。例2.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般說來，女孩子更細(xì)心。3）have/get特殊用法形式意義havesb.dosth.getsb.todosth.使、讓、叫某人去做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事容忍（否定句）getsb./sth.doingsth.使某人某物開始做havesth.done請別人做使……遭受getsth.done使/讓某事由別人去做（叫/讓某人做某事）【例題精講】例1.Ihad(=got)thatdoorpaintedlastweek.上星期我請人把那扇門做了油漆。例2.Wemusthave(=got)theworkfinishedbyTuesday.我們必須在星期二以前完成此項(xiàng)工作。例3.IhadmylegbrokenwhenIgotoffthebus.下車時我的腿摔斷了。例4.Don’tforgettohavehimcome.別忘了叫他來。例5.Ihaveacarwaitingforme.我讓一部車在等我。例6.Wecan’thavethatsortofthinghappening.我們不能讓那類事情發(fā)生。4）leave(使……處于某種狀態(tài))后接賓語補(bǔ)足語形式意義leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事（不定式表將來）leavesth.tobedone留下某事要被做（不定式表將來）leavesb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事leavesth.undone留下某事未做5）with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)既可看作介詞短語，在句子中作定語；也可看作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中充當(dāng)狀語。它由“with＋賓語＋補(bǔ)語”組成，其中，賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間必須有邏輯一致關(guān)系。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：adv./prep.adj.with+賓語+doing(主動，同時)/beingdone(正在被)done(被動或完成)todo(與賓語有動賓關(guān)系，表示將要發(fā)生的動作)【例題精講】例1.Withsomanyproblemstodealwith,hehastoworkovertimeeveryday.例2.Withhishomeworkfinished,hewentout.【提升題組】1._____(press)thebuttonsimproperlymaycausethemachinetobreakdown.2.Thevillage,______(cover)withthicksnow,looksasifitweredressedinwhiteskirts.3.Heshowedusthatwecanhavefun_____(read)thenovelwritteninEnglish.4.Asasecretary,Mr.Lialwayskeepsthemanagerinformedofwhat'sgoingonathomeandabroad,sohedeserves______(praise).5._____(fail)toreachthemonphone,wesentanemailinstead.6.-TheEnglishexamisnotdifficult,isit?-Yes.EvenTommy________(belong)tothetopstudentsfailedinit.7._______(encourage)bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.8.Whatisworth_______(do)deservestobedonewithgreatefforts.9.____(seat)atthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldprofessors,listeningattentivelytothenewteacher.10.Seeingthehappysceneofstudentsplayingontheplayground,Ican'thelp_____(think)ofmychildhood.11.Whentheteacherwokeupinhospital,shefoundherself______(surround)byherstudentsandwasmovedtotears.12.Toavoid____(go)outwithhim,thegirlmadesomethingup.13.Mr.Tangenjoys______(write)inhissparetime.Hisworkshaveearnedhimmanygoodfri