2023年全國(guó)高等教育自學(xué)考試法理學(xué)試題

全國(guó)2023年7月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)試題課程代碼：00832I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket.(30%)1.Grammariansinsistthatawordbea__________formthatcanfunctioninasentence.()A.smallB.largeC.fixedD.free2.IntheearlieststageofEnglish,thewrittenformofawordshould________thatoftheoralform.()A.agreewithB.disagreewithC.bethesameasD.bedifferentfrom3.____________consistsoftechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareasasinmedicine,mathematics,etc.()A.TerminologyB.JargonC.SlangD.Argot4.Social,economicandpoliticalchangesbringaboutsuchnewwordsasthefollowingsEXCEPT_________.()A.fastfoodB.TVdinnerC.MaojacketsD.Watergate5.RevivingarchaicwordsalsocontributestothegrowthofEnglishvocabulary.Forinstance,“l(fā)oan”,whichwasprevalentinthethirteenthcentury,wasreplacedby“__________”inAmericanEnglish.()A.ownB.letC.rentD.lend6.IfwesaythatOldEnglishwasalanguageof__________endings,MiddleEnglishwasoneofleveledendings.()A.fullB.shortC.longD.paralleled7.Thepluralmorpheme“-s”ispronouncedas/z/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______________.()A.bottlesB.eggsC.zoosD.maps8.Thereis/are_____________freemorphemicword(s)inthefollowingwords:wind,man,reddish,collection.()A.lB.2C.3D.49.ThefollowingwordshaveinflectionalaffixesEXCEPT____________.()A.likesB.dislikeC.likingD.liked10.Themostproductivemeansofword-formationarethefollowingEXCEPT_______________.()A.affixationB.blendingC.compoundingD.conversion11.Prefixesgenerallydonotchangethe__________ofthestem.()A.meaningB.formC.wordclassD.pronunciation12.Theword“dorm”isformedby_________clipping.()A.backB.frontC.phraseD.frontandback13.Theword“reading-lamp”is_______motivated.()A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologically14.Thesynonymouspairof“ask-question”hasthesame___________.()A.motivationB.valueC.functionD.concept15.Inthesentence“Eastorwest,homeisbest”,“home”hasits__________meaningof“family,safety,love”,etc.()A.grammaticalB.connotativeC.stylisticD.collocative16.Semantically,awordwhichisrelatedtootherwordsisrelatedtothemin____________。()A.senseB.spellingC.morphemeD.rootandstem17._____________,thederivedmeanings,nomatterhowmany,aresecondaryincomparison.()A.SynchronicallyB.DiachronicallyC.EtymologicallyD.Onomatopoeically18.Theantonymsusedintheproverb“Speechissilver;silenceisgolden”are____________.()A.speech-silenceB.golden-silverC.speech-silverD.silence-golden19.InShakespeareanline‘Ratsandmiceandsuchsmalldeer’,‘6deer’obviouslydesignates‘a(chǎn)nimal’ingeneral.Therefore‘deer’isatypicalexampleof_________.()A.extensionB.elevationC.narrowingD.degradation20.Observationshowsthatitismuchmorecommonforwordmeaningstochangeindenotationfromneutralto____________thanitisforthemtogotheotherway.()A.importantB.agreeableC.respectiveD.pejorative

21.Amongthefollowingwordsonly“________”expressesthepropertyofelevation.()A.lustB.criticizeC.knightD.silly22.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemainfunctionsofcontext?()A.Eliminationofambiguity.B.Indicationforreferents.C.Understandingofculturalbackground.D.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacontextclue?()A.Definition.B.Example.C.Synonymy.D.Sentencestructure.24.Thesentence“Theballwasattractive”isambiguousdueto_______________.()A.grammaticalstructureB.lexicalcontextC.homonymyD.polysemy25.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecharacteristicsofidioms?()A.Semanticunity.B.Lexicalmanipulation.C.Phoneticunity.D.Structuralvariation.26.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftherhetoriccharacteristicsofidiomsingeneral?()A.Stylisticfeatures.B.Syntacticalfeatures.C.Rhetoricalfeatures.D.Occasionalvariations.27.Theidiom“bedofdust”isa___________asfarasfiguresofspeechareconcerned.()A.simileB.metaphorC.metonymyD.personification28.CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionaryisa(n)_____________dictionary.()A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.encyclopedic29.Whenwechooseadictionary,weshouldnotpayattentiontowhetheritis_____________.()A.monolingualorbilingualB.generalorspecializedC.earlyorlateD.unabridgedorabridged30.ReaderswillusuallyfindinageneraldictionarythefollowingareasofinformationofawordEXCEPT_______________.()A.spellingB.definitionC.pronunciationD.differencewithitssynonymsII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.(15%)31.Thejargonofcriminalsisgenerallyreferredas_____________.32.FromthehistoricaloverviewoftheEnglishvocabulary,thelanguagespokenfrom1150to1500iscalled_____________English.33.Themorphemeisthesmallest_____________unitinthecompositionofwords.34.Theformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorestemsiscalled__________________.35.Unlikeconceptualmeaning,__________________meaningisopen-endedandindeterminate.36.Fromthe_______________pointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.37.Changinginword______________hasneverceasedsincethelanguagecameintobeingandwillcontinueinthefuture.38.Basedonthe______________________context,wecandeterminethemeaningof“dotheflowers”as“arrangetheflowers”.39.Thestylisticfeaturesofidiomsare___________________,slangandliteraryexpressions.40.Theuser-friendlyfeaturesofLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglishareitscleargrammarcodes,____________________andlanguagenotes.III.Definethefollowingterms.(15%)41.freemorphemes42.allomorphs43.affixation44.polysemy45.linguisticcontextIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.(20%)46.Whatisthedifferencebetweenrootandstem?47.Whatiscollocativemeaningofaword?Pleasetake“pretty”and“handsome”asanexampletoillustrateyourpoint.48.Bythecriterionofgrammaticalfunctions,idiomsmaybeclassifiedintofivegroups.Namethefivegroupsandmatchthefollowingexpressionswiththemastheirexamplesrespectively.“whiteelephant”“l(fā)ookinto”“beyondthepale”“toothandnail”“Neverdothingsbyhalves.”49.Whatcontextualcluesdoyouoftenusetohelpyouinguessingthemeaningsofnewwords?Demonstratetheseclueswithexamples.V.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.(20%)50.AnalyzeandcommentonthefollowingTWOsentencestoillustratethedifferencesbetweenblendingandclipping.Theprogramwillbetelecastsimultaneouslytonearly150cities.Itsoundsmuchbetterinstereo.51.Analyzethefollowingdialogueandcommentontherhetoricuseofhomonyminitalicizedfont.A:“WhyisSundaythestrongestday?”B:“Becausealltheothersareweekdays.”溫馨提醒：由于很多試題(重要是主觀題)，其答案并不是唯一的，甚至是開(kāi)放的，一道題的解題思緒是多種多樣的，從實(shí)行素質(zhì)教育的規(guī)定出發(fā)，應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)自考生用多樣的思緒解題。正是由于如此，在評(píng)卷過(guò)程中，往往會(huì)根據(jù)考生的作答情況，對(duì)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，也正因如此，教育部把國(guó)家教育考試靠后的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)仍然列為秘密材料。因此教育部不在網(wǎng)上公布答案，請(qǐng)考生諒解。一、簡(jiǎn)述“文化”名稱的來(lái)源。(1)關(guān)于“文”的解釋：①“文”的本義是“錯(cuò)畫(huà)”，也就是花紋。②“文”的引申義：在人類認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域，“文”引申為后天形成的品德、修養(yǎng)，與表達(dá)先天素質(zhì)的“質(zhì)”相對(duì);在政治領(lǐng)域，“文”引申為“文治教化”，主張運(yùn)用禮樂(lè)教化提高人們的修養(yǎng)而使國(guó)家安定，與訴諸軍事征服他國(guó)的“武功”相對(duì);在天文和人文的區(qū)別上，天文指的是自然現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律，人文指的是社會(huì)現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律。(2)關(guān)于“化”的解釋：“化”的本義是改易，既涉及從無(wú)到有的“造化”，也涉及宇宙生成以后的“演化”和“分化”。(3)“文化”合起來(lái)的解釋：中國(guó)經(jīng)典的“文化”是指人的后天修養(yǎng)與精神、物質(zhì)的發(fā)明。二、為什么說(shuō)中國(guó)文化屬于國(guó)別文化?(1)它有著共同的文化源，各民族共同發(fā)明了上古的青銅文化，各民族共同開(kāi)發(fā)了黃河中下游的中原大地;(2)多元的各民族文化，在歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程中互相交流、互相滲透、互相促進(jìn)，有許多交融和契合的地方，形成了多元一體的格局;(3)漢民族文化在整個(gè)中華文化中起主導(dǎo)作用，是中華文化的主體文化，它在共同體文化的形成和發(fā)展中起到了團(tuán)結(jié)和凝聚各民族文化的作用。三、什么是兩個(gè)文化層面，它們的互相關(guān)系如何?兩個(gè)文化層面指上層文化與底層文化。(1)上層文化：指宮廷文化與上層文人所發(fā)明、擁有的文化。(2)底層文化：指民間文化，即不依賴于統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的廣大人民及其精英人物所發(fā)明、擁有的文化。(3)兩個(gè)文化層面的關(guān)系：兩個(gè)文化層面就其來(lái)源，都是原始文化的傳承，它們雖在后代有所分化，產(chǎn)生了差異甚至對(duì)立，但深究其內(nèi)在的精神又互相關(guān)聯(lián)、互相補(bǔ)充。民族文化與國(guó)別文化都是由這兩個(gè)文化層面聯(lián)合構(gòu)成的。兩個(gè)文化層面缺一不成其為完整的中華文化。中華文化的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)，是兩個(gè)層面文化精華的苦奉。四、為什么說(shuō)文化是一個(gè)歷史概念?(1)文化是一個(gè)歷史概念。文化的歷史傳播：上層文化是以文字典籍為媒體的，而底層文化重要靠口頭傳承。以文化的特質(zhì)變化為前提，用有關(guān)文化的重大事件和典籍事象為界線，文化流變的歷史階段劃分是可以操作的。(2)我們說(shuō)文化是一個(gè)歷史的概念，應(yīng)當(dāng)從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)結(jié)識(shí)：一方面，一切文化事象都在一定的歷史背景下存在、變異、發(fā)展，從而具有某一時(shí)代的特色;另一方面，文化是在歷時(shí)傳承的過(guò)程中積淀并確立了自身的傳統(tǒng)。五、簡(jiǎn)述中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化與中國(guó)古代文化的區(qū)別。中國(guó)古代文化是針對(duì)現(xiàn)代文化而言，它是對(duì)文化的時(shí)代劃分;傳統(tǒng)文化是對(duì)文化的傳承而言的，它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是文化的本源和沿著這個(gè)本源傳承下來(lái)的所有文化遺產(chǎn)，它不局限于古代，而是迄今為止中華民族通過(guò)篩選、淘汰，不斷豐富又不斷增長(zhǎng)的人文精神的總和。六、中國(guó)文化概論課程的性質(zhì)是什么?中國(guó)文化概論課立足于用馬克思主義的文化觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的重要問(wèn)題進(jìn)行介紹和闡釋。在中國(guó)文化領(lǐng)域里，它不僅要關(guān)注一切上層文化的研究成果，也要研究吸取底層民俗文化的諸多成果。它是一門(mén)兼顧歷史的關(guān)于中國(guó)國(guó)別文化的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本理論課程，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化學(xué)的人門(mén)課程。七、簡(jiǎn)述中國(guó)文化概論課程的基本內(nèi)容。(1)有關(guān)文化的一般概念。中國(guó)文化概論在文化的外延問(wèn)題上與大文化的概念一致，但在對(duì)具體問(wèn)題的論述上盡量注意從人文精神的角度出發(fā)。(2)中國(guó)文化賴以存在的地理環(huán)境。本課程所闡述的地理環(huán)