2020-2021學年高一英語譯林版必修第三冊Unit1Reading課時學案

U1Natureinthebalance一．知識點梳理

1.The

human

race

has

done

muchharm.人類已造成很大傷害。

harm（1）n.[U]傷害，損害

do

harm

to

sb/sth=do

sb/sth

harm傷害某人/某物

there

is

no

harm

in

doing

sth=it

does

no

harm

todosth不妨做某事

The

court

case

will

do

serious

harm

to

my

business.=The

court

case

willdo

my

business

serious

harm.這起訴訟案件將嚴重損害我的生意。

There

isnoharmin

givinggifts

to

children,but

they

shouldnot

berewards.=It

does

no

harm

to

give

gifts

to

children，

but

they

should

notbe

rewards.不妨給孩子送些禮物，

但是不應該把它們作為獎賞。

（2）vt.傷害，損害；危害

While

the

sun's

rays

can

age

and

harm

our

skin，

they

also

give

usbeneficial

Vitamin

D.陽光雖然會老化并傷害我們的皮膚，

但也能為我們提供有益的維生素。

Many

people

suspect

that

all

the

rock

salt

used

every

winter

is

harmingthe

environment.許多人覺得每年冬天使用的巖鹽正在危害環(huán)境。聯(lián)想詞

①harmful

adj有害的；

可致傷害的

be

harmful

to...對……有害

Air

pollution

will

get

worse

and

this

will

be

harmful

to

people.空氣污染會加劇，這會對人們造成傷害。

②harmless

adj.無害的；

不會導致?lián)p傷的單句語法填空

1.As

we

all

know，

eating

too

muchsugarcandoharm______children'steeth.

2.It'ssaidthattoomuchsunshineis_____(harm)toone’sskin.

3.You

can

hold

the

snake—it's_______.(harm)

2.The

forest'sdifferentlevelsprovidefoodandshelterforanunbelievable

variety

of

wildlife.雨林的不同層次為種類多到難以置信的野生動物提供了食物和棲身之處。

（1）shelter①n.[U]遮蔽；居所；庇護[C]遮蔽物；庇護處

We

made

a

dash

through

the

rain

to

the

bus

shelter.我們冒雨沖進公共汽車候車亭。

She

encouraged

a

sense

of

community

by

creating

shelters

and

promotingeducation

and

services

for

people

in

need.她通過為有需要的人建立收容所和促進教育及服務來鼓勵社區(qū)意識。

常用搭配

under

the

shelter

of

sth在某物的庇護/遮蔽/掩蔽下

take

shelter

from...躲避……

They

enjoyed

their

picnic

under

the

shelter

of

the

tree.他們在樹蔭下享受野餐。

We

took

shelter

from

the

storm

in

a

barn.我們在谷倉里躲避暴風雨。

②vt.保護；掩蔽；收留vi躲避(風雨或危險)

A

neighbour

sheltered

the

boy

for

seven

days.一個鄰居收留了那個男孩7天。

常用搭配

shelter

from...躲避…

shelter...from...保護….免受……

Trees

shelter

the

housefrom

the

wind.樹為房子擋住了風。

聯(lián)想詞

sheltered

adj.備受呵護的；

免遭惡劣天氣影響的單句語法填空1.Someparentsarejust

tooprotective.Theywanttosheltertheirkids______everykind

of

danger.

2.She

usedanumbrella

to

takeshelter_______the

burningsun.

3.Wesatintheshade，________(shelter)from

the

sun.

4.Mymother，

whohada_______(shelter)

upbringing(撫育)

，

hasfantastic

memories

of

childhood.

5.Hemanagedto

buildalittle

hut

outofdriftwoodtoshelterhimself________badweather.

（2）varietyn.不同種類；變化，多樣性；變種，變體…

This

variety

of

tomato

isparticularly

good.這種番茄特別好。

Apples

come

in

a

great

many

varieties.蘋果的品種繁多。

常用搭配

a(wide/great/large)variety

of各種各樣的；

種類繁多的

Join

us

to

taste

a

variety

of

fresh

local

food

and

drinks.與我們一起品嘗各種新鮮的本地食物和飲料

特別注意

（1）“a

variety

of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，

謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式；

（2）“the

variety

of+復數(shù)名詞”意為“……的品種”，

作主語時，

謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

A

variety

of

flowers

are

on

show

here.各種各樣的花在這里展出。

The

variety

of

his

books

is

astonishing.他的書品種之多讓人驚嘆。

聯(lián)想詞

①various

adj各種各樣的

No

matter

what

you

like

to

do，

there

is

away

to

get

involved

in

variousactivities

on

Earth

Day.不管你喜歡做什么，

都有辦法參與到地球日的各種活動中去。

②vary

v.(彼此)

相異；

變化；

多變

vary

from...to...從……到……之間變化/不等；

……和……不同

The

meaning

of

silence

varies

among

cultural

groups.不同文化的群體對沉默的理解不同。

Ocean

colour

varies

from

green

to

blue，

depending

on

the

type

andconcentration

of

phytoplankton.海洋的顏色在綠色到藍色之間變化，這取決于浮游植物的種類和濃度。

Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.打字模式因人而異。單句語法填空1.The

studentsin

my

classcomefrom

a________（various）ofdifferentbackgrounds.

2.Itissoconvenienttoliveherebecauseyoucanchoose_________(vary)waysofgettingtodifferentattractions.

3.Thedoctorencouragedhimtoincrease

the________(vary)of

thefood

he

eats.

4.There

are_______(vary)kinds

ofthemeparks，

with

adifferent

park

foralmosteverything：food，culture，science，

cartoons，

movies

or

history.

5.CCMorganizesa________ofevents，includingperformancesbythewell-knownLaSalleQuartet，CCM'sPhilharmonicOrchestra，

and_________groupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.(vary)

3.Above

that

is

the

mass

of

leaf

litter

on

the

dark

forest

floor.在那之上是深色的森林地面上的大量落葉。

mass

①n.[C]大量；團塊，堆；一大群

Some

people

may

think

that

a

garden

is

no

more

than

plants，

flowers，patterns

and

masses

of

colour.一些人或許認為花園無非是植物、花朵、布局以及紛繁多樣的色彩。There

were

masses

of

dark

clouds

in

the

sky.天空布滿團團烏云。

易混辨析a

mass

of與the

mass

of的區(qū)別易混短語含義及例句a

mass

of=masses

of意為“許多”，可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。

I’ve

a

mass

of

work

to

do.我有一大堆的工作要做。the

mass

of=the

majority

of意為“大多數(shù)”。Thewarisstronglyopposedbythemassofthepopulation.這場戰(zhàn)爭受到大多數(shù)人的強烈反對。②n.the

masses群眾

If

we

are

to

succeed，we

must

relyon

the

masses.我們?nèi)绻胍晒?，就必須依靠群眾?/p>

③adj.(僅用于名詞前)

大批的；

廣泛的；

大規(guī)模的；

民眾的

Their

latest

product

is

aimed

at

the

mass

market.他們的最新產(chǎn)品瞄準了大眾市場。

Scientists

have

tried

many

ways

to

solve

this

problem

and

in

China，

a

masscampaign

has

been

started

to

help

solve

it.科學家已嘗試了多種方法來解決這個問題，中國就開展了一場大規(guī)模的運動來幫助解決這個問題。

聯(lián)想詞

massive

adj.厚重的；

巨大的

Gisan

exciting

mobile

technology，

which

willgive

a

massive

boost

tosmart

cities

and

vehicles.5G是一項令人興奮的移動技術，

它將極大地推動智能城市和智能交通工具的發(fā)展。

單句語法填空

1.Thetrainsprovidedcheaptravelforthe________(mass).

2.Whereverthesingerswent,________(mass)of

fanswouldwelcomethemattheairport.

3.______massofpeopleareinfavourof

thisplan.

4.Whenthepresident'sflightlanded_______massofpeopleseemedtoappearoutof

thinair.

4.Although

close

to

extinction

in

other

areas，

jaguars

can

still

survivehere.雖然在其他地區(qū)美洲豹近乎滅絕，

但它們?nèi)阅茉谶@里生存。

survive

①vi生存，存活；繼續(xù)存在

For

a

time，

a

few

birds

survived

under

human

care.有一段時間，

一些鳥在人類的呵護下幸存了下來。

Ancient

farming

methods

still

survived

in

the

MiddleEast

at

that

time.

當時在中東，古老的耕作方式依然存在。

常用搭配

survive

on...依靠……生存下來

I

dont

know

how

you

all

manage

to

survive

on

Jeremy's

salary.我真不知道你們只靠杰里米的薪水是怎樣生活的。②v.幸存，幸免于難；艱難渡過；比……活(或存在)的時間長

The

company

managed

to

survive

the

crisis.公司設法度過了危機。

She

survived

her

husband

by

ten

years.丈夫去世后，

她又活了10年。

聯(lián)想詞

①survivor

n.幸存者，

生還者

The

plane

crashed

in

an

area

of

dense

jungle.There

were

no

survivors.

飛機墜落在一個叢林茂密的地區(qū)，無人生還。②survival

n.[U]

幸存[C]

殘余物；

幸存物

Trying

to

help

injured，

displaced

or

sick

creatures

can

be

heartbreaking：survival

is

never

certain.努力救助這些受傷的、無家可歸的或者生病的生靈可能會讓人心碎，因為不是每次它們都可以存活下來。

The

ceremony

is

a

survival

from

pre-Christian

times.這種儀式是從公元前遺留下來的。單句語法填空1.AsfarasIknow，hesurvived_______asmall

bottle

ofwaterinthe

desert.

2.In

the

traffic

accident，

the_______(survive)wereall

badly

injured.

3.Ifcancersare

spotted

early，

there'sahigh

chance

of________(survive).

4.Her

parents

died

in

the

accident，

butshe________(survive).

5.Noteveryonehas

realized

that

wildlife

hasthoughts，feelings，andmost

importantly，

equalrights________(survive)

.5.These

frogs，

in

turn，

feed

on

insects

which

eat

leaves

and

seeds.而這些青蛙則以吃樹葉和種子的昆蟲為食。

in

turn

相應地；轉而；依次；輪流

There

were

cheers

for

each

of

the

women

as

they

spoke

in

turn.女士們依次發(fā)言時，每一位都得到了喝彩。

聯(lián)想拓展

含有turn的其他常見用法

by

turns 輪流地

in

one's

turn 輪到某人

make

a

left/right

turn 向左拐/右拐

take

turns

todosth/(in)doing

sth 輪流做某事

It's

one's

turn

todosth 輪到某人做某事

the

turn

of

the

year/century 新年伊始/世紀之交；

辭舊迎新之際

One

good

turn

deserves

another.善有善報。

I

bought

the

last

ticket

in

my

turn.輪到我的時候，

我買了最后一張票。單句語法填空

1.MyhusbandandIusuallytake______(turn)tocook.

2.Thechangeof

theclimatemakestheearthwarmer.________turn,thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate，too.

3.We

lookedafterthe

little

boy____turns.

6.When

a

jaguar

dies，

a

tiny

army

of

microorganisms

helps

breakdown

its

body

and

return

the

nutrients

to

the

earth.當美洲豹死亡時，一小群微生物幫助分解它的身體，并將營養(yǎng)物質送回土壤。

breakdown使分解(為)

，

使變化(成)

；

消除；

打破；

出故障；

拋錨；失??；崩潰；垮掉

Old-fashioned

phones

matter

when

wireless

networks

breakdown

indisasters.當無線網(wǎng)絡在災難中癱瘓時，

老式的電話就很重要了。

聯(lián)想拓展

break的用法

①n.破裂；間歇；休息；中斷；暫停

take/have

a

break 休息一會兒

without

a

break 連續(xù)不斷地

②v.(broke，

broken)

(使)

破，

裂，

碎；

損壞；

中斷

break

a

record 打破記錄

break

one's

promise 食言

breakaway

from 逃脫；

掙脫

break

in 強行進人；

打斷談話

break

into 強行闖人；

突然開始(笑、唱等)

break

off 折斷；

停頓；

中斷

breakout 爆發(fā)；

突然發(fā)生

breakthrough 突破；

沖破；

克服

breakup 解散；

(學校)

放假；

結束；

粉碎單句語法填空1.Don't

break_______when

heistelling

the

story.

2.As

is

knownto

us，

plastic

bagsaredifficult

to

break_______.

3.Modern

music

has

broken________from18th-century

rules.

4.Last

night

somebody

broke________Mr

White's

house

and

took

away

alotofthings.

5.Scientists

saythey

are

beginningtobreak_________in

the

fightagainstcancer.

6.The

two

friends

hadan

argument

thatbroke________theirfriendshipforever.

7.After

afire

broke_______in

thelab，

alot

of

equipment

was

damaged.

8.Wewerediscussing

ourplans，buthadtobreak__________whenthetelephone

rang.

7.Over

the

past

50

years，

17

percent

of

the

rainforest

has

disappeareddue

to

human

activities

such

as

agriculture

and

cattle

farming.在過去的50年里，由于農(nóng)耕和放牧等人類活動，17%的雨林已經(jīng)消失了。

（1）disappear

vi.不復存在，

滅絕；

消亡；

消失；

失蹤常用搭配

disappear

behind/under/into...消失在……

disappear

from

sight/view從視野中消失

She

watched

him

at

last

disappear

into

the

darkness

and

finally

shutthe

door

behind

her.她望著他最后消失在黑暗中時，

才終于關上了她身后的門。

David

watched

her

car

until

it

di

appeared

from

view.戴維一直望著她的車，直到它從視野中消失。

聯(lián)想詞

①disappearance

n.消失

Afewyearslater，stillattractedtothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowrite

anarticle

aboutthedisappearance

of

the

Aral

Sea.

幾年后，他仍然被這個國家所吸引，回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關于咸海消失的文章。

②appear

vi.出現(xiàn)

③appearance

n.出現(xiàn)；

外表；

容貌單句語法填空

1.Theoldmanshruggedhisshouldersanddisappeared_____thedarkness.

2.Shewasstillwavingasthetraindisappeared______view.

3.The

environmentalistssaidwildgoats’_________(appear)onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthe

betterenvironment.

（2）due

to由于；

因為

Concern

about

the

loss

of

jobs

due

to

automation

is

not

new.由于自動化而產(chǎn)生的對失業(yè)的擔憂并不是什么新鮮事。

易混辨析due

to，

owing

to，

thanks

to與because

of的用法區(qū)別易混詞組用法due

to可作狀語、表語或后置定語，

一般不放在句首。The

sports

meetingwas

put

off

due

to

the

rain.運動會由于下雨而延期了。owing

to多作狀語。Owning

to

his

careless

driving，

he

had

an

accident.由于他的粗心駕駛，他出了事故。thanks

to作狀語，

多用于表達正面意義，

意為“多虧，

幸虧”。Thanks

to

yourhelp，

I

have

nished

the

work.多虧了你的幫助，

我完成了工作。because

of多作狀語，

用來指出原因。He

is

absent

because

of

illness.他因病缺席。

聯(lián)想拓展

due的用法

①adj.應付的，

到期的

Payment

is

due

on

1

October.付款期限為10月1日。②adj.預定的；

預期發(fā)生(到達)

的

be

due

todosth預計/預期做某事Her

baby

is

due

next

month.她的寶寶預計在下個月出生。

The

GDP

growth

rate

for

the

third

quarter

is

due

to

be

released

on

Oct.19.第三季度的GDP增長率將于10月19日公布。

③adj.欠下的；

應給的

Have

they

been

paid

the

money

that

is

due

to

them?他們應得的錢付給他們了嗎?

No

matter

how

ordinary

a

job

is，

it

plays

apart

in

society

and

thereforedeserves

our

due

respect.不管一份工作多么平凡，

它都在社會中發(fā)揮著作用，因此值得我們應有的尊重。

④adj.適當?shù)?/p>

After

due

consideration

it

was

decided

to

send

him

away

to

live

withfoster

parents.經(jīng)過適當考慮之后，

(我)

決定將他送去與養(yǎng)父母生活。

8.As

the

impact

of

human

activities

continues

to

grow

and

the

list

ofspecies

in

danger

of

extinction

becomes

longer，

we

are

left

with

aquestion：canweaffordtodamagethe“l(fā)ungsoftheplanet”?人類活動的影響不斷增加，瀕危物種的名單越來越長，這留給我們一個問題：我們能承擔得起損害“地球之肺”的后果嗎?

damage①vt.損害；破壞

Several

buildings

were

damaged

in

the

earthquake.幾棟建筑在地震中遭到了破壞。

②n.[U]損壞；損失；破壞；[pl.]損害賠償金

The

higher

the

oil

price

is，

the

more

damage

it

will

cause

to

the

globaleconomy.油價越高，

它對全球經(jīng)濟造成的損害就越大。

He

was

ordered

to

pay

damages

totalling&30，

000.他被責令支付總額為3萬英鎊的損害賠償金。

常用搭配

do/cause

damage

to...對……造成損害

If

mothers-to-be

choose

to

drink

alcohol，

it

can

cause

permanentdamage

to

a

baby

brain.如果準媽媽們在孕期喝酒的話，

就會對寶寶的大腦造成永久性的傷害。

They

decided

to

drive

the

cow

away

before

it

did

more

damage.他們決定在這頭牛造成更多損失之前把它趕走。單句語法填空Theaccident

caused

some

damage______my

car，

but

there

is

nothingserious.

2.Smokingseriously_______(damage)your

health.

3.Severalcars_________(damage)inthe

crash

which

happened

lastnight.

4.His

doctor

told

me

that

his

nerves________(damage)andhewasunconscious(昏迷的).

5.Actually，Severedamage_______(do)toourlandisfairlyrecentinthe

historyof

our

evolution(進化)

.

二.句型梳理

1.The

Amazon

River,from

which

the

rainforest

gets

itsname，

is

about

6，

400

kilometres

in

length-around

100

kilometres

longer

than

the

Yangtze

River.

亞馬孫雨林得名于亞馬孫河，該河長度約為6，400千米，約比長江長100千米。

主句"介詞+which”引導的定語從句

“介詞+which”可引導定語從句，

同時在從句中充當時間、原因、方式等狀語。

I’ll

never

forget

the

days

on

which

we

lived

together.我永遠忘不了我們一起生活的日子。

This

is

the

room

in

which

Leo

used

to

live.這就是利奧以前住的那個房間。

The

English

play

in

which

my

students

acted

at

the

New

Year's

party

wasa

great

success.那場在新年晚會上由我的學生表演的英語話劇獲得了巨大的成功。

The

schools

themselves

admit

that

not

all

children

will