第3講十大詞性和八種句子成分課件20242025初升高英語銜接課程

2024-2025初升高

英語銜接第3講十大詞性和八種句子成分一句話搞懂十大詞性Wow,threelittlegirlsarewalkingslowlyintheparkandtheyarehappy.口訣助記:感嘆詞數(shù)詞形容詞名詞動詞副詞介詞冠詞名詞連詞代詞動詞名代動，形副數(shù)，介連冠感十大詞性形容詞動詞一、十大詞類分類名稱縮寫意義重要考點實詞名詞n.命名萬事萬物：分為專有名詞和普通名詞，普通名詞可分為__________和__________可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)、常見不可數(shù)名詞、名詞所有格、抽象名詞的具體化代詞pron.代名詞：__________、__________、__________、__________等各種代詞的用法；it的用法動詞v.表動作或狀態(tài)：包括__________、__________、__________和__________謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致及虛擬語氣；非謂語動詞形容詞adj.修飾__________或__________形容詞變副詞；形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級；動詞、名詞變形容詞；易混形容詞副詞辨析副詞adv.修飾__________、__________、__________或__________數(shù)詞num.表數(shù)量/順序：分為__________和__________基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞不定代詞行為動詞系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞名詞代詞動詞形容詞另外一個副詞整個句子基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞變化規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-sday→days；strength(優(yōu)勢)→strengths；2以s,x,ch,sh結尾的名詞后加-es，注意th結尾直接加-sdish(碟子；飯菜)→dishes；branch(樹枝)→branches3

以-f或-fe結尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esknife(刀)→knives；leaf(葉子)→leaves個別的加-sroof(房頂)→roofs；chef(廚師)→chefs4以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加-esactivity→activities(2021);study(研究）→studies5

以-o結尾的名詞

一般加-sphoto(照片)→photos；bamboo(竹子)→bamboos少數(shù)加-es口訣助記：黑人(negroes)英雄(heroes)愛吃土豆(potatoes)西紅柿(tomatoes)和芒果(mangoes）附錄1:可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)規(guī)則--規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)規(guī)則--不規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞1改變內部元音字母foot→feet；tooth→teeth;man→men；policeman→policemen2單復數(shù)相同sheep→sheep；Chinese(中國人)→Chinese；means(方式)→means；series(系列)→series；3無規(guī)則變化child→children4

合成名詞

將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)passer-by（路人）→passers-by；無主體名詞將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grown-up(成年人)→grown-ups將兩部分都變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)womansinger→women-singers附錄2:名詞所有格用法所有格形式舉例1‘s/s’類:一般表示有生命的名詞所有格，但時間、距離、國家城市等無生命名詞也可以使用。單數(shù)及不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)’s,復數(shù)名詞s’ateacher’sduty一個教師職責;theboss’soffice老板的辦公室;Women’sDay婦女節(jié);Children’sDay兒童節(jié);Teachers’Day教師節(jié);theparents’right父母的權利;yesterday’snewspaper昨天的報紙;twomiles’walk兩英里的路程；China’shistory中國的歷史注意：thedoctor’s=thedoctor’soffice醫(yī)務所；theSmith’s史密斯的家（區(qū)分theSmiths史密斯一家人）2of類：一般表示無生命名詞的所有格themouthoftheriver河口;thecoverofthebook書的封面3雙重所有格：由of所有格和‘s/s’或名詞性物主代詞構成astudentofmyfather’s

我爸爸的一個學生;afriendof

mine

我的一個朋友附錄3:代詞的變化形式類別主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞功能作主語作賓語作定語修飾n.作主語、賓語或表語=形物代+n.作賓語(必須主賓一致)、同位語或狀語第一人稱Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人稱you你youyouryoursyourselfyou你們youyouryoursyourselves第三人稱hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves附錄4:形容詞變副詞規(guī)則類別例詞1.一般直接加-lyextreme→extremely極其地(2020)；regular→regularly有規(guī)律地2.以輔音字母＋y結尾的形容詞，變y為i再加-lyhappy→happily高興地特例：shy→shyly害羞地(直接加ly)3.詞尾為le的形容詞，去掉e，再加-yterrible→terribly可怕地；極其地特例：whole—wholly完全地；整體地(雙寫l)4.詞尾為ue的形容詞，去掉e再加-lytrue→truly真實地5.詞尾為l的形容詞，加-ly;詞尾為ll的形容詞，直接加-yofficial→officially正式地(2016)full→fully充分地；完全地6.詞尾為-ic的形容詞，加-allybasic→basically主要地，基本上scientific→scientifically科學地附錄5:形容詞/副詞變比較級和最高級---規(guī)則變化構成

例詞原級比較級最高級一般直接加-er，-estlonglongerlongest以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單音節(jié)詞加-r和-stfinefinerfinest重讀輔元輔結尾雙寫詞尾字母后再加-er和-estbigfatterfattest“輔音字母＋y”結尾的詞，先把y變?yōu)閕再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiest多音節(jié)(>或=三個音節(jié))和部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞都在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcareful形容詞/副詞變比較級和最高級---不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar

farther更遠的/地（具體概念）farthest最遠的/地further更進一步的/地(抽象概念)furthest在最大程度上/地oldolder/elder(年長的)oldest/eldest基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞規(guī)則

規(guī)律單詞一般后加thfour→fourth，six→sixth,seven→seventh，ten→tenth，eleven→eleventh，thirteen→thirteenth，fourteen→fourteenth，hundred→hundredth，1.2.3特殊記one→first，two→second，tree→third8去t,9去e,ve要用f替eight→eighth，nine→ninth，five→fifth，twelve→twelfth幾十ty要變tietwenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth，forty→fortieth，fifty→fiftieth若是遇到幾十幾只變個位就可以twenty-one→twenty-first，thirty-five→thirty-fifthinhis

sixties(sixty)在他60多歲thousands/millionsof數(shù)以千/百萬計

分類名稱縮寫意義重要考點虛詞介詞prep.介詞是一種虛詞，不能單獨使用，需用在__________、__________、__________和__________的前面介詞的用法及搭配連詞conj.分為__________和__________并列連詞和從句連詞的用法冠詞art.用于__________前或“形容詞修飾的名詞”幫助說明名詞含義的一種虛詞冠詞的用法及搭配感嘆詞int.表語氣了解名詞動名詞doing代詞賓語從句并列連詞從句連詞名詞思考:實詞和虛詞的區(qū)別是什么？實詞可以單獨做句子成分；虛詞一般不可以單獨作句子成分，一般和其他詞或句子連用構成一定的句子成分。1.Young__________(child)satunderatreewithgreen__________(leaf)andtalkedabouttheirdreams.Some__________(student)dreamwasthattheyhopedtheywouldbecamegreat__________(music).2.Mr.Zhangis__________(we)Englishteacherandhealwayshelps__________(I)learnEnglishpatiently.Hetaught__________(he)whenhewasyoung.Iconsiderhimafriendof__________(I).3.Theboy’sfather__________(pass)awaytwoyearsago,__________(leave)himagreatsumofmoney.4.Inthepastfewyears,greatchanges__________(take)placeinourhometown.childrenleavesstudents’musicianourhimselfmeminepassedleavinghavetaken十大詞性練習5.__________(unlucky),theoldmanwas__________(serious)hurtintheaccident.Butdoctorswere__________(amaze)thatthemanrecoveredmuch_______(quickly)thanexpected..6.__________(hundred)ofguestsgatheredtocelebratetheoldman’s_______(ninety-nine)birthday.Althoughtheoldmanwasinhis__________(ninety),hewasingoodhealth.7.__________acoldmorning,agroup__________policemensearchedtheforest__________themurderer（殺人犯）.Theysearchedeverywhere__________stillcouldn’tfindthemurder__________killedthewoman.Theybelieved________theywouldcatchthemurdersoonerorlater.8.As________universitystudent,Iwasmovedby________movieMypeople,Mycountry.HundredsofninetiesOnforbutaninety-ninthwho/thattheUnluckilyserioulyamazedmorequicklythat一句話搞懂英語八大句子成分IsawmyfriendJackdancingintheroomandhewashappy.

主語謂語定語賓語同位語賓補狀語主系動詞）表語句子是一家，八人來幫它；主謂賓表補，定狀同位語。八大句子成分口訣助記:主語：動作的發(fā)出者，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)IamanexchangestudentfromtheUK.Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.Tostartmywoncompanyismydream.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.ItisusefultolearnEnglish.Thericharenotalwayshappy.HowtolearnEnglishwelltroublesme.代詞動名詞doing不定式todo主語從句it作形式主語the+形容詞表一類人疑問詞+不定式主語謂語：即謂語動詞，表動作或狀態(tài)，一般在主語后HepractisesspeakingEnglisheveryday.Heisanexcellentteacher.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Iwouldstayathomeallday.行為動詞系動詞助動詞+行為動詞/系動詞情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞原形/系動詞原形謂語賓語：動作的承受者,一般位于及物動詞及介詞后Hewrotealettertome.Iwanttovisitthemuseum.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithinkthatheisfitforthejob.IfindithardtolearnEnglish.Weshouldhelpthepoor.Idotknowwheretogo.名詞todo不定式動名詞doing賓語從句it作形式賓語the+形容詞表一類人疑問詞+不定式todo賓語表語：一般在系動詞后，說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)I’mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.Thefoodtastesgood.Themachineisunderrepair.MydreamistobeanEnglishteacher.Myhobbyisplayingfootball.Thenewsisexciting.Ifeelexcited.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.Thewarwasover.名詞形容詞介詞短語todo不定式動名詞doing現(xiàn)在分詞doing/過去分詞done表語從句副詞表語補語：包括賓語補足語和主語補足語。最常見的是賓語補足語，對賓語進行補充說明HisfathernamedhimGoudan.Thenewsmakeshimsad.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Itallowspeopletogetclosetonature./Itmakesuscry.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Ifoundmymoneystolen.補語名詞形容詞介詞短語todo不定式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞二、八大句子成分定語：修飾名詞或代詞,如果定語是由一個單詞，通常要前置即前置定語；如果定語是一個詞組或一個句子時，通常則后置即后置定語Guilinisabeautifulcity.TheboyunderthetreeisTomTheboycryingoverthereismysister.Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisanexpert.形容詞介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞短語定語從句二、八大句子成分狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、另外一個副詞或整個句子,說明動作的方式、時間、地點、目的、原因、結果、條件、讓步、程度、伴隨等或形容詞、副詞的狀態(tài)特征Hedoeshishomeworkcarefully

inhisstudy

everymorning.Theboyisverystrongandrunsextremelyfast.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.Annahadaterribleaccidentwhenshewassix.副詞(短語