2024-2025學年高一英語必修第一冊（譯林版）UNIT 4 Grammar and usage教學課件

UNIT4Lookinggood，feelinggoodGrammarandusageGrammarandusageRestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbsI’llneverforgetthemuseum__________wevisitedtogether.Wearelivinginanage___________isseeinggreatchanges.Thereason___________hegaveusisnottrue.antecedent

(which/that)antecedent

which/thatantecedent

(which/that)wevisitedthemuseumtogethertheageisseeinggreatchangeshegaveusthereasonI’llneverforgetthemuseum__________thepaintingsaresoappealing.Wearelivinginanage___________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.Thereason___________hedidn’tcometoschoolisnottrue.thepaintingsaresoappealing

inthemuseummanythingsaredoneoncomputerintheagehedidn’tcometoschoolforthereason

where

when

whyI’llneverforgetthemuseum(which/that)

wevisitedtogether.I’llneverforgetthemuseumwhere

thepaintingsaresoappealing.Wearelivinginanagewhich/thatisseeinggreatchanges.Wearelivinginanagewhen

manythingsaredoneoncomputer.Thereason(which/that)hegaveusisnottrue.Thereasonwhy

hedidn’tcometoschoolisnottrue.RulesArestrictiverelativeclauseisusedtomodifyanoun,pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Thenoun,pronounornounphraseistheantecedent.Wecanuserelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.Belowisapartofamagazinearticleaboutsleepproblems.Findthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.PartADoyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Theyarestillgrowing,andnightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.Teenagerswhodonotsleep

wellmayexperiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.Doyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?Doyourememberatime?Youhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srestatthetime.Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Oneofthereasonsispressurefromschoolorwork.Peoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepforthereason.Theyarestillgrowing,andnightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.Theyarestillgrowingandnightisthetime.Theirbodiesgrowfasteratthetime.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituations.Bodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffersinthesituations.RulesWehaverelativeadverbs:where,whenandwhy.Therelativeadverbwhererefersto________,therelativeadverbwhenrefersto________,andtherelativeadverbwhyrefersto________.Restrictiverelativeclausescanberewrittenastwosentences.aplaceatimeareasonNightisthetimewhen...Teenagersmayexperiencesituationswhere...Oneofthereasonswhy...ispressurefromschool/work.LearnbyimitationTheschoolwhereheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?RulesInmoreformalEnglish,therelativeadverbswhere,whenandwhycanbereplacedby“preposition+__________”.Theantecedentsareusuallythewordsrelatedtoplace,timeandreason.which

Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsoradverbs.Doyourememberthedays

__________affectedusalot?

__________wespenttogether?____________westayedtogether?

______effectisstillexisting?which/thatwhich/thatinwhich/whenwhoseDoyourememberthefarm__________wasbuilttwentyyearsago?

__________wevisitedtogether?

______________westayedtogether?

______

productsaresoldallovertheworld?which/thatwhich/thatonwhich/wherewhoseDoyoubelievethereason

causedhissickness?

hegavetousyesterday?

_____________hedidnotcometoschoolyesterday?which/thatwhich/thatforwhich/why在一個往往以瘦為美的社會里，青少年有時會借助極端的方法來快速減肥。Inasocietywherebeingthinisoftenseenasbeingbeautiful,teenagerssometimesturntoextrememethodstoslimdownquickly.他們沒有理由擔心。Thereisnoreasonwhytheyshouldbeworried.我還記得我上初中的那一天。IstillrememberthedaywhenIenteredjuniorhighschool.Translatethesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrelativeadverbsor“preposition+which”.PartB1Ididnotperformwellatschoollastweek.Thereasonwasmypoor-qualitysleep.Thosewerethedays.Iusedtosleepreallywellinthosedays.forthereason.Thereasonwasmypoor-qualitysleep.forwhich/whyIdidnotperformwellatschoollastweekThosewerethedaysinwhich/whenIusedtosleepreallywell.Thehospitalisnearmyhome.Ivisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsinthathospital.Istillrememberthatafternoon.ThatafternoonIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.Thehospitalisnearmyhome.inwhich/where

IvisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsIstillrememberthatafternooninwhich/whenIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.Inthatafternoon1.Wehaveenteredintoanage.Intheagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.2.Self-drivingisanarea.IntheareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.Wehaveenteredintoanageinwhich/whendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.Self-drivingisanareainwhich/whereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.Rewritethesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs.3.Theirchildisatastage.Atthisstageshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.4.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek.Nextweektheweathermaybebetter.

5.Hetoldmethereason.Hedidn’tcometoschoolforthereason.Theirchildisatastageatwhich/whereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.

Hetoldmethereasonforwhich/whyhedidn’tcometoschool.

Rewritethesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs.Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+which”wherenecessary.PartB2Completetheclausewiththeantecedent.Usetherightrelativepronoun,relativeadverbor“preposition+which”toreplacetheantecedent.Findtheantecedent.which/thatwhen/atwhichwhere/inwhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhichWriteashortpassageparagraphusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswherenecessary.PartB3Inasocietywherepeopleareunderalotofpressure,sleepproblemshavebecomeverycommon.ThatisthereasonwhyWorldSleepDayiscelebratedeveryyearontheFridayofthesecondfullweekofMarch.Itsaimsaretomakepeopleunderstandtheimportanceofgoodandhealthy

sleepandtodrawsociety’sattentiontosleepproblems.Itisatimewhenpeoplehavediscussionsandgivetalksabouttheimportanceofhealthysleep.SampleExchangeyourwritingwithyourpartnersandcorrectthemistakesifthereisany.Homework單元語法由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句1when引導(dǎo)定語從句when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾的先行詞是表示時間的詞，如time，moment，month，day，year等，在定語從句中作時間狀語。

Doyourememberthedaywhenhewasborn?你記得他出生的日子嗎？（Hewasbornontheday.→ontheday作時間狀語）

Wedon’tknowtheexacttimewhenhewillreturn.我們不知道他將要回來的確切日期。（Hewillreturnattheexacttime.→attheexacttime作時間狀語）

2where引導(dǎo)定語從句where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾的先行詞是表示地點的詞，如school，house，place，village等，在定語從句中作地點狀語。

Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.這座房子就是他出生的地方。（Hewasborninthehouse.→inthehouse作地點狀語）附：單元語法全解SheworkedinChinaforafewyearswhereshetaughtEnglish.她在中國工作了幾年，在那里她教英語。（ShetaughtEnglishinChina.→inChina作地點狀語）【歸納拓展】

（1）當先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如place，room，airport等，同時關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語時，定語從句需用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。（2）如果先行詞是表示抽象意義的地點名詞，如case，situation，condition，job，career，point等，其后的關(guān)系副詞也用where。Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，員工喜歡他們的工作。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycanacquireexperienceofgrowth.學生們應(yīng)該參與社區(qū)活動，他們能從活動中獲取成長經(jīng)驗。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Canyouthinkofasituationwherethephrasecanbeused?你能想出一個可以使用這個詞組的場合嗎？3why引導(dǎo)定語從句why引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾的先行詞是表示原因的詞，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Tellmethereasonwhyyouwereangryyesterday.告訴我你昨天生氣的原因。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］4“介詞+which”可以替代關(guān)系副詞where、when、why在定語從句中，關(guān)系副詞常可變?yōu)椤敖樵~+which”的形式。We’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichweformedaband.我們將永遠忘不了我們組建樂隊的那一天。

SheworkedinJapanfortwoyearswhere/inwhichshetaughtEnglish.她在日本工作了兩年，在那里她教英語。Tellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouwereabsentyesterday.告訴我你昨天缺席的原因。5定語從句的主要考點以及應(yīng)對策略（1）主要考點：①關(guān)系詞的選擇；②定語從句中的主謂一致。（2）應(yīng)對策略：①確定先行詞；②將先行詞代入從句中；③將代入從句中的先行詞改成合適的關(guān)系詞。如，

Wewillremembertheday

wespentdoingtheexperiment.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］先行詞是theday，將theday代入定語從句中組成句子“Wespentthedaydoingtheexperiment”，theday作spent的賓語。先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語，故可填that或which。Iwillnotforgetthedays

weworkedtogetherinthatfactory.要選擇定語從句weworkedtogetherinthatfactory的關(guān)系詞，首先要確定先行詞為thedays；將thedays代入從句中，發(fā)現(xiàn)它只能與介詞on一起構(gòu)成介詞短語作從句的時間狀語，這時可以將先行詞轉(zhuǎn)化為關(guān)系代詞which，用onwhich來引導(dǎo)定語從句；也可以用關(guān)系副詞when（=onwhich）來引導(dǎo)定語從句。把下列句子用定語從句改寫成一個句子(1)Thehousehasbeenpulleddown.Helivedinthehouse10yearsago.

__________________________________________________________(2)Theschoolliesintheeastofthetown.Heoncestudiedattheschool.

_____________________________________________________(3)Doyourememberthedays?Weplayedtogetherduringthedays.

_____________________________________________________(4)Today，wewilldiscussanumberofcases.BeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.________________________________________________________________________________(5)Thetimewasthehappiestforme.AtthattimeItaughtatavillageschool.

_________________________________________________________________________Thehousewherehelived10yearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Theschoolwhereheoncestudiedliesintheeastofthetown.Doyourememberthedayswhenweplayedtogether?Today，wewilldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.ThetimewhenItaughtatavillageschoolwasthehappiestforme.

用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子(6)Salesdirectorisaposition

communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesthemselves.(7)By16：30，

wasalmostclosingtime，nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.(8)Weliveinanage

moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.(9)Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisabreak，

theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.(10)Abankistheplace

theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.(11)Thedaysaregone

physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.(12)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend，

weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.where

which

whenwhen

where

when

where

(13)StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet

lifehasdevelopedgradually.(14)Thisisthemuseum

wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.(15)Asachild，Jackstudiedinavillageschool，

isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(16)Thereason

hedidn’tcometoclasswasthathewasill.(17)—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s

Igo.It’sonly15.where

where

which

why

whereLanguagepoints教材原句p.48Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.人們晚上睡不好的原因之一是來自學?；蚬ぷ鞯膲毫?。1pressuren.

心理壓力，緊張；壓力；要求，催促搭配underpressure（from...）承受著（來自……的）壓力 giveintopressure屈服于壓力 pressureofwork工作壓力 highbloodpressure高血壓 putpressureon施加壓力題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法Theyouthareusuallyeagertoberichwithinashorttimeandthedesirehasputthemunderalotofpressure.年輕人往往急于一夜暴富，這種渴望給他們帶來很多壓力。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Nowadaysmanyyoungpeopleareundergreatpressureandoftenstayup.如今很多年輕人壓力很大，經(jīng)常熬夜。【詞語積累】pressvt.

按；壓；敦促；催促presssb.todosth.催促某人做某事Theyarepressingustomakeanimmediatedecision.他們正催促我們立即作出決定。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］單句語法填空(1)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

（press）byhisparents，theboydecidedtomakethemostoftheholidaytocatchup.(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Everyoneneedstobattleagainstthe

（press）oflife.(3)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Katiepressedme

（contact）themanagerimmediately.(4)Johnonlyagreedtogounderpressure

hisparents.完成句子(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thecompanyis

（承受壓力）toimprovepayandworkingconditions.(6)Theirparentswere

（對他們施加壓力）togetmarried.Pressed

pressure

tocontact

from

underpressure

puttingpressureonthem

教材原句p.48Noisepollutionandlightpollutioninbigcitiesmayalsocontributetosleepproblems.大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能導(dǎo)致睡眠問題。2contributevi.&vt.

是……的原因之一；捐贈，捐獻；增加，添加搭配

contribute...to...把……捐給……

contributeto（to為介詞）促成；導(dǎo)致

Ourteachertellsusthatexercisecontributestogoodhealth.我們的老師告訴我們運動有助于健康。

Hecontributedsomemoneytothe?oodvictims.他向水災(zāi)受害者捐了一些錢。

Wouldyouliketocontributetoourorganization?你愿意給我們的機構(gòu)募捐嗎？

Overtime，immigrantshavecontributedtoBritishcultureinmanyways.久而久之，移民在許多方面都對英國文化有所貢獻。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】contributionn.

捐款；貢獻；捐贈makeacontributionto向……捐贈/捐款Hemadeaverypositive

contributiontothesuccessoftheproject.他對項目的成功貢獻良多。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thesemeasureswouldmakeavaluablecontributiontowardsreducingindustrialaccidents.這些措施將會對減少工業(yè)事故起重要的作用。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］單句語法填空(1)CharlieChaplinmadegreatcontributions

the?lmindustry.(2)Imakeaten-dollar

（contribute）tothechurcheverySunday.(3)Iamsureyoursuggestionwillcontributeto

（solve）theproblem.完成句子(4)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Goodqualities，suchasbeinghonestandpositive________________________

（有助于成功和幸福）.(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thelocalgovernmenthopesthateverybodylivingintheareawill

______________（向……捐款）theRedCrosstomakeadifference.(6)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ibelievethatindividualscan

（為……做出貢獻）theworld.tocontribution

solvingcontributetosuccessandhappinesscontributeto

contributeto/makecontributionsto

教材原句p.48Inthelongterm，theymaybeatincreasedriskofhavingapoormemory，beingoverweightandsufferingaheartattack.從長期來看，他們可能會面臨記憶力差、超重和心臟病發(fā)作的風險增加。3memory

n.

記憶力，記性；記憶，回憶搭配：inmemoryof為了紀念I(lǐng)nmymemory，hiswifestucktohimthroughthickandthin.在我的記憶中，他的妻子和他同甘共苦，不離不棄。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

Theparkwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamouspoet.建造那個公園是為了紀念那位著名的詩人。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】inhonorof為了紀念……；為了向……表示敬意inneedof需要infavorof支持inchargeof負責，掌管insearchof尋找incaseof萬一，以防Tomisinchargeofanorganization，whichisinsearchofchildreninneedofhelpandoffersthemwhattheyneed.Acharitypartywasheldlastweekinhonorofthosewhoareinfavoroftheorganizationandcontributetoit.湯姆是一個組織的負責人，這個組織尋找需要幫助的孩子并提供幫助。上周舉行了一個慈善聚會來向那些支持這個組織并捐款的人士表示敬意。選詞填空（inmemoryof/incaseof/inchargeof/inneedof/infavorof/inhonorof）(1)Themonumentwasbuilt

thosewhodiedfortheircountry.(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Callthisnumber

anemergency.(3)Hewas

thecompany.(4)Thehungrychildrenwere

food.(5)Areyou

myplan?(6)Abanquet（宴會）wasgiven

thevisitingPresident.完成句子

(7)Hesuffered

（失去記憶）forweeksaftertheaccident.(8)Hehaslotsof

（快樂的回憶）ofhisstayinJapan.inmemoryof

incaseofinchargeof

inneedof

infavorof

inhonorof

lossofmemory

happymemories4attackn.，vt.&vi.

（1）n.發(fā)作；攻擊；抨擊搭配anairattack空襲

underattack受到攻擊personalattack人身攻擊

aheartattack心臟病

anattackon針對……的攻擊

Therehavebeenseveralattacksonforeignersrecently.最近發(fā)生了幾起針對外國人的暴力事件。（2）vt.&vi.攻擊；侵襲；抨擊

搭配：attacksb.withsth.用某物攻擊某人

Thereisanarticleontheforum

attackingthePrimeMinister.論壇上有一篇抨擊首相的文章。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

Snakeswillonlyattackifyoudisturbthem.蛇只有在受到打擾時才會主動攻擊。

Thechanceofbeingattackedbyasharkisverylittlecomparedtootherdangers.與其他危險相比，被鯊魚襲擊的可能性很小?！驹~語積累】attackern.攻擊者單句語法填空(1)Jim

（attack）byamaninthepark.(2)Shestartedattackingthethief

herbag.(3)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Shewasabletorecognizeher

（attack）.(4)Thebookiswidelyseenasanattack

theeducationsystem.完成句子(5)Whenananimalis

（遭到攻擊），itcanrunawayor?ghtback.(6)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Withgoodtreatmentandcare，ProfessorSmithrecoveredfrom_______________

（心臟?。?(7)Hisspeechwas

（對……強有力的攻擊）theenemy.wasattacked

with

attacker

on

Underattack

aheartattack

apowerfulattackon教材原句p.49Everyoneknowsthattheamountofqualitysleepthatwegetisimportanttous.每個人都知道高質(zhì)量的睡眠對我們很重要。5amountn.

數(shù)量

搭配：alargeamountof=largeamountsof大量的It’sbettertocookvegetablesinasmallamountofwater.烹制蔬菜時盡量少放水。Wehavehadalargeamountofhelp.我們已經(jīng)得到了大量的幫助。【歸納拓展】“許多，大量”的多種表達（1）agood/greatmanyalarge/greatnumberofquiteafew+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞（2）manya（n）+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+單數(shù)謂語動詞（3）agreat/gooddealof+不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語動詞（4）alotof/lotsofplentyof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語動詞（5）alarge