2024年人教版高二英語(yǔ)講義（選擇性必第三冊(cè)）Unit 4 Adversity and Courage：重要題型專練(解析版)

選擇性必修第三冊(cè)Unit4AdversityandCourage重要題型專練一、閱讀理解ABookstoExploreOurWildIslesWildIslesThisrichphotographicguideaccompaniesthenewBBCdocumentaryseriesofthesamename,whichseesSirDavidAttenboroughcelebratethewondersofBritishwildlifeacrossarangeofhabitats.WrittenbynaturalhistoryjournalistPatrickBarkhamandproducerAlastairFotherginn,eachchapterofthebookfocusesonaparticularkindofwildspace,fromourwidevarietyofgrasslandstoouroceanshores,woodlandsandscarceremainingforests,takingadeepdiveintotheinsect,birdandmammallifetheysupport.HarperCollins,￡25.NorthYorkMoors&YorkshireWoldsA“slowtravel”guidetooneofBritain’smostbelovedlandscapes,thisnewlyupdatedbookremainstheonlystand-aloneguidetotheregion.WrittenbyYorkshireresident,outdoorsenthusiastandtravelwriterMikeBagshaw,ittakesinsandybeaches,woodlands,chalkgrasslandsandheather-cladmoors.Ithasinformationonwalkingandcyclepaths,aswellaswildlife-watchingareasforotters,addersandseabirds.Whale-anddolphin-watchingtoursarealsocovered.BradtGuides,￡15.99.FlightPathsSwallows,redwings,nightingales:springbringsnewbirdlifetoUKshores,butuntilrecentlylittlewasknownaboutseasonalavian(鳥類)journeys.BirdenthusiastandsciencewriterRebeccaHeismanuncoversthemysteriesofbirdmigration,profiling(收集資料)theeccentricgroupofornithologist,engineersandscientistswhodedicated(奉獻(xiàn))theirlifetobirds’flightpaths,behaviours,destinationsandthechallengestheyface.Itbringsmuchneededinsightintohowbesttoprotectthebirdsthatvisitourislandsanddestinationsfarbeyond.SwiftPress,￡16.99.1．Whichwouldyoubuyifyouwanttoknowwildlife-watchingareasforotters?A．FlightPaths. B．WildIsles.C．BritishWoodland. D．NorthYorkMoors&YorkshireWolds.2．WhatcanweknowaboutRebeccaHeisman?A．ShelivesinYorkshire. B．Sheworksasaphotographer.C．Shelovesbirdsandscience. D．Sheknowsthewildlife-watchingareas.3．Whatdothethreebookshaveincommon?A．Theyarewrittenbybirdenthusiasts.B．Theydescribesomethingaboutbirds.C．Theyhaveadocumentaryofthesamename.D．TheyareguidestoBritain’smostbelovedlandscapes.【答案】1．D2．C3．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了幾本探索野外荒島的書籍。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ithasinformationonwalkingandcyclepaths,aswellaswildlife-watchingareasforotters,addersandseabirds.”（它有關(guān)于步行和自行車道的信息，以及水獺、蝰蛇和海鳥的野生動(dòng)物觀察區(qū)。）可知，如果想要了解關(guān)于水獺的野生動(dòng)物觀察區(qū)，會(huì)購(gòu)買NorthYorkMoors&YorkshireWolds。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“BirdenthusiastandsciencewriterRebeccaHeismanuncoversthemysteriesofbirdmigration,profiling(收集資料)theeccentricgroupofornithologist,engineersandscientistswhodedicated(奉獻(xiàn))theirlifetobirds’flightpaths,behaviours,destinationsandthechallengestheyface.”（鳥類愛好者和科學(xué)作家RebeccaHeisman揭開了鳥類遷徙的奧秘，剖析了一群古怪的鳥類學(xué)家、工程師和科學(xué)家，他們畢生致力于研究鳥類的飛行路線、行為、目的地以及它們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。）可知，Rebecca是一位鳥類愛好者和科學(xué)作家，熱愛鳥類和科學(xué)。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“thebookfocusesonaparticularkindofwildspace,takingadeepdiveintotheinsect,birdandmammallifetheysupport...”（這本書關(guān)注一種特殊的野生空間，深入研究了它們賴以生存的昆蟲、鳥類和哺乳動(dòng)物）、第二段的“Ithasinformationonwalkingandcyclepaths,aswellaswildlife-watchingareasforotters,addersandseabirds...”（它有關(guān)于步行和自行車道的信息，以及水獺、蝰蛇和海鳥的野生動(dòng)物觀察區(qū)。）以及第三段的“RebeccaHeismanuncoversthemysteriesofbirdmigration....”（RebeccaHeisman揭開了鳥類遷徙的奧秘）可知，三本書都描述了鳥的相關(guān)方面。故選B。BPatPatterson,apilotfor25years,hadnevermetanyonelikethehandsomeyoungmaninthewheelchairwhofacedhimattheMedford,Oregon,airportonJuly28,1976.MikeHenderson,aquadriplegic(四肢癱瘓者),wantedflyinglessons.Asa22--year--oldCoastGuardsmaneightyearsbefore,Hendersonhadfallenoffadockandlandedonafloatinglog,breakingtwoofhisbones.Doctorssaidthathewouldprobablyneverwalkagain,letalonefly.“Herewasthisdoctortellingmehowitwasgoingtobe,”hesays,“butnoonewasgoingtolimitmyfreedomtotry.”Hendersonparkedhiswheelchairnexttotheairplaneandbegantoclimbupontothewing.Heinjuredhiselbowontheway,andafteragreatstruggle,finallymanagedtopullhimselfintotheairplane’spilot’sseat.Intheflightoffice,PatPattersonwatchedindisbelief.“Hecrawledhiswayupthatwing!”hesays.“Ittookhim45minutes.WhenIwentout,hewassittinginthepilot’sseat,bleedingfromhisinjuredelbowallovertheplace.WhenIsawhimgothroughthatmuchpain,Iknewnothingcouldstophim.”Noweverythingwasuptotheinstructorandthestudent,andtogethertheysetaboutsolvingeachproblemasitarose.AsmallpieceofcarpetgaveHendersontraction(摩擦力)toclimbtheslipperywing.Aheadsetfreedhishandsfromtheradiomicrophone,andthetwomendevelopedamovingbarthatenabledHendersontooperatetheairplanemoreeasily.Threeweeksandeightflyinghoursafterthefirstlesson,HendersonandPattersonhappilyphonedDr.Stoddard—Henderson’sphysician.Attheairport,asthephysicianlookedon,Hendersonquicklywheeledhimselfaroundtheairplane,doingathorough,professionalgroundcheck.WithPattersonandDr.Stoddardonboard,hewentthroughhispreflightinstrumentcheck.Minuteslater,enginestarting,theplanerolleddowntherunwayandtookoffintothegraysky.4．WhendidMikeHendersonbecomedisabled?A．Attheageof25. B．In1968.C．Attheageof30. D．In1976.5．WhatdidPatPattersonthinkofMikeHendersonwhentheymetfirst?A．Depressed. B．Experienced.C．Determined. D．Delighted.6．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．HowPattersonandHendersonovercamethedifficultiestogether.B．HowPattersonhelpedHendersonovercomethedifficulties.C．HowPattersontaughtHendersontoflywithdifficulty.D．ThedifficultiesHendersonfacedbeforeflying.7．Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．Pattersondidn’twanttoteachHendersonatfirst.B．Hendersonfinallysucceededinflyingalone.C．PattersonwasverystrictwithHenderson.D．Hendersonwentthroughalotofdifficulties.【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，本文講述的是一位四肢癱瘓的年輕人MikeHenderson向一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的老飛行員PatPatterson學(xué)習(xí)開飛機(jī)的故事。在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，二人克服了MikeHenderson因身體殘疾所帶來(lái)的種種困難，最終取得了成功。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中“Asa22--year--oldCoastGuardsmaneightyearsbefore,Hendersonhadfallenoffadockandlandedonafloatinglog,breakingtwoofhisbones.(8年前，作為一名22歲的海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)隊(duì)員，Henderson從一個(gè)碼頭上摔下來(lái)，落在一根漂浮的圓木上，摔斷了兩根骨頭)”可知，MikeHenderson是在8年前的一次事故中受的傷；且由第一段的“onJuly28,1976”可知，PatPatterson與MikeHenderson見面的時(shí)間是1976年，因此可以推出MikeHenderson因傷致殘的時(shí)間是1968年。故選B。5．推理判斷題。由第三段中的“WhenIsawhimgothroughthatmuchpain,Iknewnothingcouldstophim.(當(dāng)我看到他經(jīng)歷那么多痛苦時(shí)，我知道沒有什么能阻止他)”可知，PatPatterson第一次見到MikeHenderson時(shí)認(rèn)為他意志堅(jiān)決，故選C。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合本段中的“Noweverythingwasuptotheinstructorandthestudent,andtogethertheysetaboutsolvingeachproblemasitarose.(現(xiàn)在一切都取決于老師和學(xué)生，他們一起著手解決每一個(gè)出現(xiàn)的問題)”可知，本段主要講述atterson和Henderson是如何一起克服困難的。B、C項(xiàng)的中心人物是PatPatterson；D項(xiàng)中的中心人物是MikeHenderson；且這幾項(xiàng)都沒有突出二人是互相幫助、共同克服困難這一中心思想。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Heinjuredhiselbowontheway,andafteragreatstruggle,finallymanagedtopullhimselfintotheairplane’spilot’sseat.(途中，他的手肘受了傷，經(jīng)過(guò)一番掙扎，他終于爬上了飛機(jī)的駕駛員座位)”和第四段“Noweverythingwasuptotheinstructorandthestudent,andtogethertheysetaboutsolvingeachproblemasitarose.(現(xiàn)在一切都取決于老師和學(xué)生，他們一起著手解決每一個(gè)出現(xiàn)的問題)”可知，Henderson經(jīng)歷了很多困難。故選D。CApairofbestfriendsfromTexasareprovingthatadventuredoesn’thaveanagelimit—evenwhenyou’re81.EllieHamby,aphotographer,andSandyHazelip,aphysician,touredtheworldin80days,adventuringfromthebeachesofBalitothedesertsofEgypt.TheirfirststopwasAntarctica.“ThebeautyoftheAntarcticisjustunbelievable,”Hambyrecalled.Sincethen,thepairhavevisited18countriesacrossallsevencontinents.Anddespitethechallengesinternationaltravelpresents,thebestfriendssaytheyfinishedtheirtripwithoutanyarguments.“We’rebothindependent,verystubborn.Butweseemtoalloweachothertogivespace,”saidHamby.“Wejustunderstandeachotherandweknowthisisagoodthingwe’redoingandwekindofrespecteachother’sfeelings.”ForHamby,themostinterestingaspectofthetripwasthepeopletheymetalongtheway.“Weloveallthesightsthatwesaw,butthethingsthatwerememberthemostarethepeoplethatwemet,”shesaid.“Wemetsomeofthemostwonderful,kindest,friendliestpeopleintheworld.Wejusthavefriendsnowallovertheworldthatwelovedearly.”Andtheysharedanimportantpieceofadviceforanytravelersworriedaboutthelanguagebarrierontheirownadventures.“Youknow,peopleaskusoftenaboutthelanguage,howwemanageit,”saidHamby.“WesaywithSandyandEllie,there’sonelanguageandthat’sasmile.AndwefoundthatworkedwondersbecausewewereoftenawarethattherewasnotEnglishspoken.Butasmilecoversalllanguages.”8．Whydidtheyfinishthetripwithoutarguments?A．Theyhaddifferentpersonalities.B．Theypreparedpresentsforeachother.C．Theyunderstandandrespecteachother.D．Theyallowedeachothertovoicetheirideas.9．WhatpartofthetripimpressedHambymost?A．Thebeautifulsights. B．Thewonderfulpeople.C．Theinterestingactivities. D．Theculturalexperiences.10．WhatdidHambysuggesttravelersdowiththelanguagebarrier?A．Relyonthesmile. B．Bemoreadventurous.C．HearEnglishspokenmore. D．Learnmorelanguages.11．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LanguageStruggles:TestingFriendshipB．TravelTroubles:FriendshipTestedAbroadC．TalkingStruggles:AdventuresLostinTranslationD．LimitlessAdventure:TwoFriendsBreakAgeBarriers【答案】8．C9．B10．A11．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇記敘文。這篇文章概括兩位81歲的來(lái)自德克薩斯州的最佳朋友如何證明，冒險(xiǎn)不限于年齡。她們?cè)?0天內(nèi)環(huán)繞世界各地旅行，訪問了7大洲的18個(gè)國(guó)家。文章介紹了她們旅途的首站國(guó)家以及面對(duì)國(guó)際旅行挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)保持良好關(guān)系的秘訣。最后，文章提到她們認(rèn)為最有意思的是旅途中結(jié)識(shí)的人，以及用微笑跨越語(yǔ)言障礙的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段““We’rebothindependent,verystubborn.Butweseemtoalloweachothertogivespace,”saidHamby.“Wejustunderstandeachotherandweknowthisisagoodthingwe’redoingandwekindofrespecteachother’sfeelings.”(“我們都很獨(dú)立，很固執(zhí)。但我們似乎允許彼此給予空間?！盚amby說(shuō)。“我們只是互相理解，我們知道我們?cè)谧鲆患檬?，我們有點(diǎn)尊重彼此的感受?！?”可知，理解和尊重對(duì)方可以避免爭(zhēng)論。故選C。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段““Weloveallthesightsthatwesaw,butthethingsthatwerememberthemostarethepeoplethatwemet,”shesaid.“Wemetsomeofthemostwonderful,kindest,friendliestpeopleintheworld.Wejusthavefriendsnowallovertheworldthatwelovedearly.”(她說(shuō)：“我們喜歡我們看到的所有景點(diǎn)，但我們記得最深刻的是我們遇到的人?！薄拔覀冇龅搅艘恍┦澜缟献蠲烂睢⒆钌屏?、最友好的人。我們現(xiàn)在在世界各地都有我們深愛的朋友。”)”可知，他們印象最深刻的是旅途中碰到的善良友好的人。故選B。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Youknow,peopleaskusoftenaboutthelanguage,howwemanageit,”saidHamby.“WesaywithSandyandEllie,there’sonelanguageandthat’sasmile.AndwefoundthatworkedwondersbecausewewereoftenawarethattherewasnotEnglishspoken.Butasmilecoversalllanguages.”(“你知道，人們經(jīng)常問我們語(yǔ)言的問題，我們是如何處理的，”Hamby說(shuō)。“我們說(shuō)桑迪和埃莉有一種語(yǔ)言，那就是微笑。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這很有效，因?yàn)槲覀兘?jīng)常意識(shí)到?jīng)]有人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。但是微笑可以覆蓋所有的語(yǔ)言?！?”可知，微笑是最好的語(yǔ)言，可以幫助克服語(yǔ)言障礙。故選A。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ApairofbestfriendsfromTexasareprovingthatadventuredoesn’thaveanagelimit—evenwhenyou’re81.(一對(duì)來(lái)自德克薩斯州的好朋友正在證明，冒險(xiǎn)沒有年齡限制——即使你已經(jīng)81歲了)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了兩位81歲的來(lái)自德克薩斯州的最佳朋友如何證明，冒險(xiǎn)不限于年齡。她們?cè)?0天內(nèi)環(huán)繞世界各地旅行，訪問了7大洲的18個(gè)國(guó)家。文章介紹了她們旅途的首站國(guó)家以及面對(duì)國(guó)際旅行挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)保持良好關(guān)系的秘訣，所以D項(xiàng)“LimitlessAdventure:TwoFriendsBreakAgeBarriers(無(wú)限冒險(xiǎn):兩個(gè)朋友打破年齡障礙)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。DOneofthesailorswhosailedwithChristopherColumbusonhissecondvoyagetotheNewWorldwasamannamedJuanPoncedeLeon.Thisvoyagechangedhislife.HedecidedtostaywhenColumbusreturned.PoncewasnamedgovernorofPuertoRico(thencalledBoriquien)in1508.Whilethere,heheardmanystoriesofamagicalwatersource.PeoplecalledittheFountainofYouthandsaidthatdrinkingitswaterkeptyouyoung.Forthenextfewyears,PoncetriedtofindoutwheretheFountainofYouthwas.HeaskedpermissionfromSpain’sKingCharlesVtogoinsearchofit.Thekingconsented,aslongasPoncepaidfortheshipsandcrewhimself.Theyoungexplorerdidsoreadily,andtheysetoff.ItwasMarch1513.Theysailedfordaysbutdidn’tseethefountain.OnMarch27,hecamewithinsightoftheFloridacoast.OnApril2,helandedatwhathenamedSt.Augustine.ThiswasthefirstSpanishsettlementonthemainlandofNorthAmerica.Hehadseveraladventuresalongtheway.Hedidnot,however,findtheFountainofYouth.HereturnedtoBoriquien.Hecontinuedtogoverntheisland,andhecontinuedtohearstoriesoftheFountainofYouth.Finally,in1521,hesetoutagain.Thistime,helandedontheFloridacoastagain.Whileheandhismenwerebuildinghousesforanewsettlement,theywereattackedbynativetribesmen(部落成員).Manyofhismendied,butPonceescaped,althoughhewasinjured.HereachedCubaandenteredahospital,wherehediedofwoundsfromtheattackinFlorida.JuanPoncedeLeonneverfoundtheFountainofYouth.Neitherdidanyoneelse,atleastasfarasweknow.12．Ponce’svoyagetotheNewWorldwithColumbus____.A．a(chǎn)ffectedhisfuturelifegreatlyB．madehimforgetthewaybackC．wassupportedbyCharlesVfinanciallyD．wastofindtheFountainofYouth13．Theunderlinedword“consented”inParagraph4probablymeans“____”.A．a(chǎn)greed B．opposedC．doubted D．succeeded14．Accordingtothepassage,Ponce____.A．becamegovernorofBoriquienin1513B．foundtheFountainofYouthin1521C．a(chǎn)rrivedinFloridatwiceD．didn’tshowmuchinterestintheFountainofYouth15．Accordingtothelastparagraphwecanknowthat____.A．Poncemanagedtoescapefromnativetribesmen’sattackwithoutanyinjuryB．PoncediedinFloridain1521C．hismenweren’twellreceivedbynativetribesmeninFloridaD．peoplefoundtheFountainofYouthafterPonce’sdeath【答案】12．A13．A14．C15．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章介紹了JuanPoncedeLeon尋找“不老泉”的經(jīng)歷。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thisvoyagechangedhislife.(這次航行改變了他的一生)”可知，Ponce跟隨哥倫布去新大陸的航行極大地影響了他的未來(lái)，故選A。13．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后“aslongasPoncepaidfortheshipsandcrewhimself(只要Ponce自己支付船只和船員的費(fèi)用)”猜測(cè)，國(guó)王同意他去尋找不老泉，前題是他自己支付船只和船員的費(fèi)用；因此consented意為“同意”，故選A。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“OnMarch27,hecamewithinsightoftheFloridacoast.(3月27日，他來(lái)到佛羅里達(dá)海岸的視線范圍內(nèi))”和最后一段中“Thistime,helandedontheFloridacoastagain.(這一次，他又登陸了佛羅里達(dá)海岸)”可知，Ponce在1513年和1531年兩次到達(dá)佛羅里達(dá)，故選C。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whileheandhismenwerebuildinghousesforanewsettlement,theywereattackedbynativetribesmen(部落成員).Manyofhismendied,butPonceescaped,althoughhewasinjured.(當(dāng)他和他的手下正在為一個(gè)新的定居點(diǎn)建造房屋時(shí)，他們?cè)獾搅水?dāng)?shù)夭柯涞囊u擊。他的許多人都死了，但Ponce雖然受了傷，卻逃了出來(lái))”可知，Ponce的手下在佛羅里達(dá)沒有受到土著部落很好的接待，故選C。二、七選五Therearetimesinourliveswhencareandhesitationserveuswell.16Cultivating(培養(yǎng))adventureinourchildrengivesthemachancetoseewhattheyarereallymadeofwhiledelightinginnewplacesandexperiences.BeSpontaneous(心血來(lái)潮的)Routinesarereallyimportantforchildren,butsoisasenseofflexibility.PlugSpontaneitycanbejustsimplefun!17:Stayuplatetowatchamovietogether;cookorbakesomethingnooneinthefamilyhasevertried;rearrangethefurniture;gooutforicecreamBEFOREdinner!TrySomethingNewTogether18.Takealittletimetoobserveyourchildorconsidertheirinterests.Dotheyloveart?Pickupanewmediumandexploreittogether.Isyourchildmusicallytalented?Learntoplayaninstrumenttogetherorlookforperformancestoattend.Venture(敢于去)intotheWoodsItdoesn’tactuallyhavetobethewoods.19.Ourbodiesandourbrainsdesiretimeintheoutdoors.Manycitiesandtownshavetrails(小路)markedforpublicuse.Searchonlineorasksomefriendsforadviceifyou’renotalreadyawareofyouroptions.Youmaybesurprisedtodiscoverhowmuchisavailable.FindWaystoTestPhysicalBoundariesChildrenareactivecreatures.Theytendtobeespeciallyactivearound3:00pmintheafternoonwhenweadultsarestartingtoexperienceanenergycollapse.20.Balancingonfencesorjumpingfromrocktorockbuildsnotonlybalance,strength,andspatialawareness,butalsoallowschildrentobuildtheirself-confidence.Adventuremakeslifemoreexcitingandrewarding.A．TherearehundredsofwaystogoaboutthisoneB．Itcanbethedesert,thecoast,oranyothernaturalspaceC．Iftheydon’tseemtorecognizeanachievement,feelfreetopointitoutD．ButseekingadventurestimulatessomethingspecialinthehumanspiritE．HobbiesareimportantforeveryoneandcreatinginterestshelpsbuildbondsF．Youshouldrecognizeyourchild’seffortsthroughhonestobservationG．Itistheperfecttimetosafelytesttheirphysicalboundaries【答案】16．D17．A18．E19．B20．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一些讓孩子們培養(yǎng)冒險(xiǎn)精神的方法。16．下文“Cultivatingadventureinourchildrengivesthemachancetoseewhattheyarereallymadeofwhiledelightinginnewplacesandexperiences.(在我們的孩子身上培養(yǎng)冒險(xiǎn)精神，讓他們有機(jī)會(huì)看到自己真正的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)享受新的地方和經(jīng)歷)”說(shuō)明在孩子身上培養(yǎng)冒險(xiǎn)精神，會(huì)讓孩子看到自己的特點(diǎn)并享受新的地方和經(jīng)歷，D項(xiàng)中adventure是關(guān)鍵詞，D項(xiàng)“但尋求冒險(xiǎn)會(huì)激發(fā)人類精神中的一些特殊之處”介紹尋求冒險(xiǎn)的益處，引出下文，符合題意。故選D。17．下文“Stayuplatetowatchamovietogether;cookorbakesomethingnooneinthefamilyhasevertried;rearrangethefurniture;gooutforicecreamBEFOREdinner!(一起熬夜看電影；做或烤一些家里人從沒試過(guò)的東西；重新布置家具；晚飯前出去吃冰淇淋！)”舉例介紹了一些具體的方法，A項(xiàng)“有數(shù)百種方法可以解決這一問題”引出下文具體方法的介紹，符合題意。故選A。18．上文“TrySomethingNewTogether(一起嘗試新事物)”以及下文“Takealittletimetoobserveyourchildorconsidertheirinterests.(花點(diǎn)時(shí)間觀察孩子或考慮他們的興趣)”說(shuō)明要和孩子一起嘗試新事物，觀察并考慮孩子的興趣，E項(xiàng)中interests是關(guān)鍵詞，E項(xiàng)“愛好對(duì)每個(gè)人都很重要，創(chuàng)造興趣有助于建立聯(lián)系”介紹創(chuàng)造興趣的益處，承上啟下，符合題意。故選E。19．上文“VentureintotheWoods(敢于進(jìn)入森林)”以及“Itdoesn’tactuallyhavetobethewoods.(實(shí)際上不一定是樹林)”介紹要敢于冒險(xiǎn)，進(jìn)入森林或者森林之外的其他地方，B項(xiàng)“它可以是沙漠、海岸或任何其他自然空間”進(jìn)一步介紹敢于冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入的其他地點(diǎn)，承接上文，符合題意。故選B。20．上文“FindWaystoTestPhysicalBoundaries(找到測(cè)試物理邊界的方法)”以及“Theytendtobeespeciallyactivearound3:00pmintheafternoonwhenweadultsarestartingtoexperienceanenergycollapse.(當(dāng)我們成年人開始經(jīng)歷能量崩潰時(shí)，他們往往在下午3點(diǎn)左右特別活躍)”可知，要找到為孩子們測(cè)試物理邊界的方法，孩子們往往在下午3點(diǎn)左右最活躍，可推知這是孩子們最適合被測(cè)試物理邊界的時(shí)機(jī)，G項(xiàng)“這是安全測(cè)試他們物理邊界的最佳時(shí)機(jī)”承接上文，符合題意。故選G。三、完形填空MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.Histravelsinthefrozencontinentbroughthimworldwide21.InDecemberofthatyear,Mawsonandtwoother22leftthemainbaseatCommonwealthBay,23a300-mileexplorationintothecentralpartofthecontinenttogatherscientificdataandsamples.24followed.Oneofthemen,ayoungBritishsoldiernamedBelgraveNinnis,25downanopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam’ssupplies,dead.Forseveralweeks,thetwoothers,26withscurvy(壞血病)andother27,struggledtoreturntocamp,keepinglivingfirstonthe28dogs,thenonstarvationfood.29,XavierMertz,aSwissmountaineerandskiingchampion,diedfromexhaustion,starvationandpossiblepoisonousnessfromeatingdogs’livers.30toreturnwiththeresearchdata,Mawson31theelementsfor30days.Finallyhereturnedtothe32inFebruaryof1913,extremelythin,frost-bittenandexhausted-onlyto33hehadmissedtheshiprescuingtherestofthe34byhours.Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.Inadditiontohisother35,Mawsoneditedandcontributedtothe22-volumeReportsofAustralasianAntarcticExpeditions.21．A．praise B．trust C．worry D．criticism22．A．celebrities B．explorers C．a(chǎn)thletes D．a(chǎn)stronomers23．A．puttingoff B．showingoff C．kickingoff D．lettingoff24．A．Wonders B．Bonuses C．Fortunes D．Disasters25．A．took B．fell C．looked D．wandered26．A．a(chǎn)djusted B．circulated C．infected D．confused27．A．cures B．disabilities C．errors D．illnesses28．A．remaining B．wild C．fierce D．hunting29．A．Ultimately B．Nevertheless C．Temporarily D．Meanwhile30．A．Discouraged B．Relieved C．Determined D．Frightened31．A．combined B．battled C．contained D．introduced32．A．center B．normal C．base D．campus33．A．predict B．discover C．complain D．explain34．A．passengers B．witnesses C．rescuers D．crew35．A．a(chǎn)chievements B．references C．services D．subjects【答案】21．A22．B23．C24．D25．B26．C27．D28．A29．A30．C31．B32．C33．B34．D35．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Mawson帶領(lǐng)隊(duì)伍進(jìn)行南極大陸中部探險(xiǎn)時(shí)遇難，Mawson掙扎著生存下來(lái)，并將研究數(shù)據(jù)成功帶回的故事。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他在這片冰凍的大陸上的旅行為他贏得了全世界的贊譽(yù)。A.praise贊揚(yáng)；B.trust信任；C.worry擔(dān)心；D.criticism批評(píng)。根據(jù)下文“Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.”推知，Mawson的探索受到了全世界的贊譽(yù)。故選A。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)年12月，莫森和另外兩名探險(xiǎn)者離開了聯(lián)邦灣的主要基地，開始了對(duì)南極大陸中部300英里的探索，以收集科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)和樣本。A.celebrities名人；B.explorers探險(xiǎn)者；C.athletes運(yùn)動(dòng)員；D.astronomers天文學(xué)家。根據(jù)上文“MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.”可知，他們是去探索南極大陸，因此是和另外兩名探險(xiǎn)者一起。故選B。23．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)年12月，莫森和另外兩名探險(xiǎn)者離開了聯(lián)邦灣的主要基地，開始了對(duì)南極大陸中部300英里的探索，以收集科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)和樣本。A.puttingoff推遲；B.showingoff炫耀；C.kickingoff

開始；D.lettingoff釋放。根據(jù)“a300-mileexplorationintothecentralpartofthecontinenttogatherscientificdataandsamples”可知，此處是指開始了對(duì)南極大陸中部的探索。故選C。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：災(zāi)難隨之而來(lái)。A.Wonders奇跡；B.Bonuses獎(jiǎng)金，紅利；C.Fortunes財(cái)富；D.Disasters災(zāi)難。根據(jù)下文“5downanopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam’ssupplies,dead.Forseveralweeks,thetwoothers.6withscurvy(壞血病)”可知，開始探索之行后不久災(zāi)難就隨之而來(lái)。故選D。25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：其中一名名叫貝爾格雷夫·尼尼斯的年輕英國(guó)男士兵從雪橇上的一條裂縫中摔了下來(lái)，連同他們最好的幾只狗和團(tuán)隊(duì)的許多補(bǔ)給都死了。A.took帶；B.fell落下；C.looked看，看起來(lái)；D.wandered游蕩，閑逛。根據(jù)“anopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam’ssupplies,dead.”推知，這個(gè)年輕士兵從雪橇的縫隙中摔下去了。故選B。26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)，另外兩名感染了壞血病和其他疾病的人掙扎著回到營(yíng)地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饑餓的食物生活。A.adjusted校對(duì)，適應(yīng)；B.circulated循環(huán)；C.infected感染；D.confused使……困惑。根據(jù)“scurvy”可知，此處是指感染壞血病。故選C。27．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)，另外兩名感染了壞血病和其他疾病的人掙扎著回到營(yíng)地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饑餓的食物生活。A.cures治愈的方法；B.disabilities殘疾；C.errors錯(cuò)誤；D.illnesses疾病。此處和上文“scurvy”并列，指感染壞血病和其他疾病。故選D。28．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)，另外兩名感染了壞血病和其他疾病的人掙扎著回到營(yíng)地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饑餓的食物生活。A.remaining剩下的；B.wild野生的；C.fierce猛烈的；D.hunting打獵。根據(jù)上文“alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam’ssupplies,dead.”可知，此處是指在食物匱乏的情況下，靠吃剩下的雪橇犬生活。故選A。29．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，瑞士登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員和滑雪冠軍澤維爾·默茨死于疲勞、饑餓和可能因吃狗肝臟而中毒。A.Ultimately最后；B.Nevertheless然而；C.Temporarily暫時(shí)；D.Meanwhile同時(shí)。根據(jù)上文的“first”“then”可知，此處是指最終來(lái)自瑞士的澤維爾·默茨死于疲勞、饑餓和中毒。故選A。30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Mawson決心帶著研究數(shù)據(jù)回來(lái)，與大自然抗?fàn)幜?0天。A.Discouraged沮喪的；B.Relieved放松的；C.Determined堅(jiān)定的，決定；D.Frightened害怕的。根據(jù)下文“Finallyhereturnedtothe12inFebruaryof1913,extremelythin,frost-bittenandexhausted”推知，Mawson決心帶著研究數(shù)據(jù)回去。故選C。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Mawson決心帶著研究數(shù)據(jù)回來(lái)，與大自然抗?fàn)幜?0天。A.combined結(jié)合；B.battled斗爭(zhēng)，搏斗；C.contained包含；D.introduced介紹。根據(jù)下文“Finallyhereturnedtothe12inFebruaryof1913,extremelythin.frost-bittenandexhausted”推知，Mawson與大自然抗?fàn)幜?0天，變得瘦弱疲憊不堪。故選B。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他在1913年2月回到基地，身體非常瘦弱，被凍傷，疲憊不堪，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他錯(cuò)過(guò)了營(yíng)救其他成員的船好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。A.center中心；B.normal正常，常態(tài)；C.base基地；D.campus校園。根據(jù)上文“Mawsonandtwoother2leftthemainbaseatCommonwealthBay”可知，此處指Mawson帶著研究數(shù)據(jù)回到了基地。故選C。33．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他在1913年2月回到基地，身體非常瘦弱，被凍傷，疲憊不堪，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他錯(cuò)過(guò)了營(yíng)救其他成員的船好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。A.predict預(yù)測(cè)；B.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.complain抱怨；D.explain解釋。根據(jù)“hehadmissedtheshiprescuingtherestofthe14byhours.”可知，Mawson回到基地后發(fā)現(xiàn)他錯(cuò)過(guò)了營(yíng)救船，不然也不會(huì)遭遇那么多苦難。故選B。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他在1913年2月回到基地，身體非常瘦弱，被凍傷，疲憊不堪，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他錯(cuò)過(guò)了營(yíng)救其他成員的船好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。A.passengers乘客；B.witnesses目擊者；C.rescuers營(yíng)救人員；D.crew全體船員，全體成員。根據(jù)上文“MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.”可知，此處是指探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)的其他成員。故選D。35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：除了其他成就外，莫森還編輯并貢獻(xiàn)了22卷本的《澳大拉西亞南極考察報(bào)告》。A.achievements成就；B.references參考書；C.services服務(wù)；D.subjects科目，對(duì)象。根據(jù)上文“Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.”可知，此處指除了提到的這些成就外，Mawson還編輯了書籍。故選A。四、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WhenwewatchedShackletonandtheboatsailedaway36ElephantIsland,wefeltlowand37(discourage).Butitwasnotforlong.Agooddinnerandsomemusicmadeus38(cheer)again.Lifefellintoaregularpattern.Wehadtofindfoodand39(drink)waterandalsohadtodealwiththechangingtemperatures.40twenty-twoofuslivedlikethisinthecoldforfourmonths.Wewere41(luck)thatourgroupworkedhardtoshowanadmirablementalattitudeanddealtwithourever-presentfears42apositiveandsuccessfulway.Whenwewere43(final)rescued,wefeltsuchreliefandjoythatmanyofuscouldnothideourtears.Itwasour44(optimistic)andfaithinShackletonthathadhelpeduspersevereinstayingalive.Andhepaidusbackbyhiscommitment45(save)usfromaslowbutpainfuldeath.【答案】36．from37．discouraged38．cheerful39．drinking40．The41．lucky42．in43．finally44．optimism45．tosave【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在艱苦的環(huán)境下，一群隨著船只離開大象島的人困于南極四個(gè)月的生活。盡管生活艱難，但他們通過(guò)積極的心態(tài)和努力，成功地克服了困難，并最終被救援出來(lái)。這個(gè)故事展示了他們的樂觀和對(duì)舍克爾頓的信任，同時(shí)也強(qiáng)調(diào)了團(tuán)結(jié)合作的重要性。36．考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)我們看著沙克爾頓和船駛離大象島時(shí)，我們感到沮喪和沮喪。句中sailawayfrom為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“駛出，駛離”。故填from。37．考查形容詞。句意：同上。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用discourage的形容詞discouraged作表語(yǔ)，意為“感到沮喪的”。故填discouraged。38．考查形容詞。句意：但這并沒有持續(xù)太久。一頓豐盛的晚餐和一些音樂使我們又高興起來(lái)。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用cheer的形容詞cheerful構(gòu)成makesb+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)成分，意為“高興的”。故填cheerful。39．考查名詞。句意：我們必須尋找食物和飲用水，還必須應(yīng)對(duì)不斷變化的溫度。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用名詞短語(yǔ)drinkingwater作賓語(yǔ)，意為“飲用水”。故填drinking。40．考查冠詞。句意：我們22個(gè)人就這樣在寒冷中生活了4個(gè)月。分析句子，句中twenty-two為數(shù)詞，前面使用冠詞，此處表示特指，故使用定冠詞the。同時(shí)該空置于句首，開頭單詞首字母大寫。故填The。41．考查形容詞。句意：我們很幸運(yùn)，我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)努力工作，表現(xiàn)出令人欽佩的精神態(tài)度，并以積極和成功的方式處理我們一直存在的恐懼。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用luck的形容詞lucky作表語(yǔ)，意為“幸運(yùn)的”。故填lucky。42．考查介詞。句意：同上。句中inaway為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“以……方式”。故填in。43．考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)我們最終被救出時(shí)，我們感到如釋重負(fù)和喜悅，許多人都無(wú)法掩飾自己的眼淚。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用final的副詞finally作狀語(yǔ)，意為“最終地”。故填finally。44．考查名詞。句意：正是我們對(duì)沙克爾頓的樂觀和信心幫助我們堅(jiān)持活了下來(lái)。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用名詞與空后的faith構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，optimistic的名詞為optimism，意為“樂觀”，此處句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)optimism和faith進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。故填optimism。45．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：作為回報(bào)，他承諾將我們從緩慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出來(lái)。句中paid為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；此處表達(dá)“將我們從緩慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出來(lái)得承諾”，此處對(duì)名詞commitment進(jìn)行修飾，使用不定式作定語(yǔ)。故填tosave。五、讀后續(xù)寫46．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文?！癢ow,thesetreesaresotall!”Williamshoutedexcitedly,whilewalkingwithhisclassmatesinaforestnearhisschool.Theywereonafieldtriptotheforestaspartofasciencelesson.Overthere,theymettheforester（護(hù)林人）,Victor.WhenWilliamlearnedVictorlivedinasimplewoodenhousethereforyears,helaughedathimwithhisfriends.Then,theypassedbyanentrancetoacave.Williamwantedtoexploreinsidethecave,buthisteacherdidn’tallowit.“I’llcomebackhere,”hethought.Onthewaybacktoschool,herememberedtheexactlocationofthecave.Thenextday,Williamaskedhisfourfriendstothecavetogether.Theytoldtheirparentstheywouldgotothelibraryandreturnhomeintheevening.Noneoftheteenagerstoldtheirparentsabouttheirplantovisitthecave.Whentheteenagersreachedthecave,theylefttheirschoolbagsoutsidetoreducetheburden.Onebyone,theyenteredthecave.Justwhentheytookafew