Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandThinking課件高中英語人教版選擇性

UNIT

1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSLearningObjectivesFindoutthestagesofscientificresearchinthispassage.LearnaboutJohnSnow’sresearchprocessExpressyourideaonthegiventopicthroughcreativethinkingAccordingtothetitleandpictures,thestoryisgoingtotellusinformationabout...JohnSnow

Defeats

“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowWecanpredictthat…Itusedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld.Itcausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.MillionsofpeopleinEuropediedfromitintheearly19thcentury.HeisaBritishdoctorwhodefeatsthecholeraHeattendedto

QueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.Who?What?JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”Readthetitleandpredict.約翰·斯諾n.腹瀉n.脫水=serious戴手套2.Watchthevideotolearntoprotectfromcholera.Whatarethesymptoms(癥狀)

ofCholera？Itbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.dehydration(缺水)severevomiting(嘔吐)diarrhea(腹瀉)Manyyearsago,thecholeraintheworldkilledmillionsofpeople.Peoplewereveryafraidofit,buttheydidn'tknowwhattodo.Luckily,ayoungdoctordecidedtofindouthowtopreventandtreatthedisease.Finally,thedoctorwonthebattle.

JohnSnowrunnucleicacidtests

getvaccinatedWearetakingmeasurestofightagainstcoronavirus!Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?Covid-19:BattlingthedevilItwasdiscoveredinthehumanbodyin2019.Thevirusis

generallycharacterisedbyfever,drycoughand

graduallydyspnea(逐漸出現(xiàn)呼吸困難).Theviruswasconfirmedtobewiththephenomenonofhumantransmissionandhavelatentinfection.Thediseasehadnospecifictreatmentatthattime,soitbrokeoutin2020andswepttheglobe.COVID-19Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行病）haveyouheardof?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria（瘧疾）plague（鼠疫）Ebola(埃博拉)Johnsnow“Kingcholera”FastreadingReadthepassagequicklyandchoosethecorrectkeywordstosummarizeeachparagraph.ParagraphsMainidea12-345What?Who?How?ThetruthResultsandsignificanceActivity

2:

Readthepassageagain

and

findthemaininformationineachparagraphonhowJohnSnowdefeatedKingcholera.P1:Cholera

hit

Europe

in

the

early

19th

century

and

John

Snow

showed

how

it

could

be

overcome.

P2:JohnSnowfoundaproblem.P3:JohnSnowconductedresearchtostopthedisease.adj.manyP4:Johnfoundthetruthaboutcholera.

P5:Johncontributedalottohowtopreventcholeraandhowtostudydiseases.n.流行病學(xué)v.

change1.ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3While-readingTip1AnalyzethestructureWho&WhatHowtodefeatTruthAchievementsPleasedividethepassgaeintofourparts.TofindWho?What?checkWhatistheCholera?checkWhoisJohnSnow?CholeraJohnSnowIt'soneof______________________intheworld,becauseitcauses_______________________________._____________________(when),anoutbreakofcholerahit________milionsofpeople____________________.Herosetobecome_______________,andeven__________QueenVictoria

whenshegavebirth.JohnSnowbecame___________becausenooneknew_____________________________.However,hehadadesireto______________onceandforall.themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoeaanddehydrationIntheearly19thcenturyEuropediedfromthediseasefrustratedhowtopreventortreatcholeraafamousdoctorattendedtodestroycholeraPara.1Research

backgroundWho

was

John

Snow?HowdidJohnSnowdefeatKingCholera?WhatisKingCholera?Activity

1:

Readthetitle

and

predict.

Whatdoes“King”implyinthetitle?Choleraispowerfulandhardtocure.aBritishdoctor.oneofthemostfeareddiseasesandmillionsofpeoplediedfromitintheearly19thcentury.Heconductedresearchandfoundouthowcholeraspread.

過去曾經(jīng)是

導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡

霍亂的暴發(fā)

死于

感到沮喪的

知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂

照料

分娩

他的徹底根除霍亂的愿望Cholerausedtobe

oneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,until[aBritishdoctor].JohnSnow,[showedhowitcouldbeovercome].Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.[Intheearly19thcentury],whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.[Asayoungdoctor],JohnSnowbecamefrustrated[becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera].Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Para.1usedtobeseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeathoutbreakofcholeradiefromfrustratedhowtopreventortreatcholeraattendtogivebirthhisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.在英國醫(yī)生約翰?斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。它可導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡。十九世紀(jì)初，崔亂暴發(fā)，肆虐歐洲，數(shù)百萬人喪命。由于當(dāng)時(shí)無人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰?斯諾醫(yī)生很沮喪。后來，他成了一位名醫(yī)。甚至照料分娩的維多利亞女王。然而，他始終沒有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望allatonce

突然；同時(shí)atonce 立刻，馬上onceandagain 一而再，再三JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.賓語從句Para1賓語同位語時(shí)間狀語從句“令人恐懼的”“變得沮喪”原因狀語從句“隨著時(shí)間的推移”“升遷”rise-rose-risen“照顧；照料”thedesiretodo“做...的愿望”(1)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShore.(2)Shewaspraisedforhaving

attended(on/upon)/tohersickmother.(2)Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingto

.attendtoattendvt.出席；參加vt.&vi.照顧；護(hù)理vi.處理attendameeting/alecture/school參加會(huì)議/聽報(bào)告/上學(xué)attendtosb./sth.照料……；處理……；招待……attend(on/upon)sb.伺候某人，照顧某人Cholerausedto

beoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untila

Britishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.until引導(dǎo)____________

從句，how引導(dǎo)_______從句。時(shí)間狀語賓語Ididn’t

godownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.I

stayedawake

onpurpose

until

halfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.until表示“直到……為止”，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句為肯定句；not…until表示“直到……才”，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞，主句為否定句。Importantsentences(P2~P3)

在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。

(Para.1,Line1)Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhecompletedhishomework.(對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))notuntil用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中要強(qiáng)調(diào)until后面的部分：①需要把until部分提前

②還要把not一起提前→Itwasn’t

untilhecompletedhishomeworkthat

hewenttobed.Itwasn’tuntil……that＋句子的其余部分Importantsentences(P2~P3)Itwasn’tuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.(改為一般疑問句)Wasitnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed?notuntil用于一般疑問句型中強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式：Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋句子的其余部分Importantsentences(P2~P3)1.Thestudentsdidn’tstoptalkinguntiltheteachercamein.2.Thesportsmeetwillnotbehelduntilnextweek.→____________nextweek_____thesportsmeetbeheld.Notuntilwillnotuntil用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)→Notuntiltheteachercameindidthestudentsstoptalking.Importantsentences(P2~P3)1.直到比賽開始他才來到。

He____________________thegamehadbegun.2.如果很多人都說一部電影不好，我不會(huì)去看，或者我會(huì)一直等

到DVD版出來才看。

Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon’tbothertoseeit,

or

Iwill_________________________________.3.直到約翰進(jìn)入大學(xué)之后，他才意識(shí)到時(shí)間的重要性。(倒裝)

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

waituntilitcomesoutonDVD

didn’tarriveuntilNotuntilJohnwenttocollegedidherealizetheimportanceoftime.即學(xué)即練Importantsentences(P2~P3)教材原句2Intime，herosetobecomeafamousdoctor，andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.后來，他成為一名著名的醫(yī)生，甚至在維多利亞女王分娩時(shí)照顧她。intime作“終于；遲早”講時(shí)，常單獨(dú)使用，作狀語。intime及時(shí)；終于；遲早作“及時(shí)”講時(shí)，后常跟forsth.或todosth.。(1)Youwillsucceedintime

，aslongasyoudon’tgiveup.只要不放棄，你總有一天會(huì)成功。(2)Thedoctorcameintime

(save)hislife.醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕到并搶救了他的生命。(3)Luckyforhim，hewasjustintime

thebus.幸運(yùn)的是，他及時(shí)趕上了公共汽車。tosavefor教材原句1.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustrated

becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatCholera.作為一位年輕醫(yī)生，約翰斯諾變得沮喪，因?yàn)闆]人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂。句式分析：句中howtopreventortreatcholera為“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作動(dòng)詞knew的賓語。intime遲早；最終；及時(shí)1.Keeponworking,andyou’llsucceedintime.2.Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.與time有關(guān)的短語forthefirsttimeallthetimeaheadoftimeatthesametimeinnotimeatonetimeattimesfromtimetotimeontimeforthetimebeingatatime首次一直；始終提前同時(shí)立刻；馬上曾經(jīng)；一度有時(shí)，偶爾偶爾；間或準(zhǔn)時(shí)暫時(shí)；眼下每次；逐一；依次Tip2FindtopicsentencesandkeyphrasesPart1(Para.1)Cholera,causingdeathandothersevereillnesses,usedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilayoungBritishdoctorwhoneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholerashowedhowitcouldbeovercome.Tip3Replacethewordswithsimilarexpressionsparticipialphrases(分詞短語)attributiveclause(定語從句)Tip2FindtopicsentencesandkeyphrasesPart1(Para.1)Cholera,causingdeathandothersevereillnesses,usedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilayoungBritishdoctorwhoneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholerashowedhowitcouldbeovercome.Tip3ReplacethewordswithsimilarexpressionsCholera,whichcauseddeathandothersevereillnesses,usedtobeoneofthemostscareddiseasesintheworld,untilayoungBritishdoctorneverlosinghisdesiretodefeatcholerashowedhowitcouldbeovercome.Stagesinscientificresearch

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analysetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodTwocontradictorytheoriesTheoryone:causedby________Theorytwo:causedby_______SymptomsSymptomscoughsneezerunnynoselungdiarrhoeadehydration?badairgermsSnowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Para.2Findaproblem

大體上

兩種截然不同的看法

細(xì)菌感染

贊同

證據(jù)

因此

兩條特定街道

決心做某事

Ingeneral,doctors[inthosedays]hadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfection[fromgermsinfoodorwater.]Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhyingeneraltwocontradictorytheoriesinfectionfromgermssubscribetoproofconsequentlytwoparticularstreetsbedeterminedtodo關(guān)于霍亂的蔓延方式，當(dāng)時(shí)醫(yī)生大體上有兩種截然不同的看法。一種看法是空氣污染引發(fā)，另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細(xì)菌感染導(dǎo)致霍亂。斯諾贊同第二種看法。這一看法是正確的，但他仍需要證據(jù)。因此，1854年倫敦暴發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，斯諾便開始調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴(yán)重，十天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。他決心查明原因。Para.2Part2(Para.2-3)

First...Second...Third...Atlast...Atfirst...Then...What’smore...Moreover...Asaresult...Tip4UseproperlinkingwordsJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholera

spread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawas

causedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecond

theory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreak

ofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwo

particularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedin

tendays.Hewasdeterminedto?ndoutwhy.

Para2“一般說來”賓語從句后置定語表語從句表語從句“同意;贊同”時(shí)間狀語從句“襲擊；攻擊”ahitsongIthitssbthat...很火/熱門歌曲“如此...以至于”，結(jié)果狀語從句賓語從句“下定決心干某事”“因此”某人突然想到教材原句

3Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.有一種理論認(rèn)為是惡劣的空氣導(dǎo)致了這種疾病。句式分析：本句中thatbadaircausedthedisease是that引導(dǎo)的表語從句,that在從句中不作成分,沒有意義,只起連接作用翻譯：我曾經(jīng)夢(mèng)想能在那個(gè)城市有個(gè)家。Mydreamwas_____________________.thatIcouldhaveahome句式分析：本句是復(fù)合句,其中discovered后跟_____引導(dǎo)的________。在賓語從句中,含有_________引導(dǎo)的________________。結(jié)果狀語從句that賓語從句so…that….教材原句4Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwasso

severe

thatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩條特定的街道上，霍亂爆發(fā)非常嚴(yán)重，10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。so…that…意為“如此……以至于……”，用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。3.Itissobusyadaythatwedon’tgoswimming.主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+so+

副詞+that從句主語+系動(dòng)詞（be,become,feel等）+so+形容詞+that從句主語+系動(dòng)詞+so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句1.Itrainedso

heavilythatwehadtostayathome.2.Thequestionissodifficultthatwecannotworkitout.主語+謂語+so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that從句主語+謂語+so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句主語+謂語+so+many(much,few,little)+that從句IhavemadesomanymistakesthatImuststayathometoreflectonthem.TheshirtcostsomuchthatIdidnotwanttotakeit.Whatapity!Wehavegot

solittlemoneythatwecannoteatatrestaurants.當(dāng)“so＋形容詞/副詞”及such...放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。Soafraidwasheinthedarknessthathedidn’tdaretomoveaninch.在黑暗中，他太害怕了，一步也不敢動(dòng)。SuchadifficultquestiondidIfinditisthatIcan’tworkitout.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)題太難，我算不出。Sonervouswasthespeakerthathis

legs

were

trembling這個(gè)演講者如此緊張，以至于雙腿發(fā)抖完成句子He_________________heacceptedherinvitation.他接受她的邀請(qǐng)真是太傻了。It_______________thatI’dliketogothereagain.這個(gè)露營地點(diǎn)如此好，以至于我想再去一次。There_________________thatthehostfeltsad.賓客如此之少，主人為此感到傷心。Itis_________________thatIcan’tliftit.這個(gè)箱子如此重以至于我提不起來。issogoodacampingspotweresofewguestssuchaheavyboxwassofoolishthatBasedonpara.3,markonthemaptheexactplaces.Whatdoestheredstarsstandfor?multipledeathshappenedhere.Whatdoesthegreenstarsstandfor?Nodeathhappenedhere.Why?CLUE:freebeerfrompublichouseSuspectthatthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces

whereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracksPara.3

在地圖上標(biāo)出確切位置

多例死亡

水泵

尤其是

家庭住戶

懷疑……

水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?/p>

似乎……

讓人打水

因?yàn)?/p>

宣布

于是

讓人拆掉了水泵把手

通過這一干預(yù)舉措markonamaptheexactplacesmultipledeathswaterpumpespeciallyhouseholdsuspectthatthewaterpumpwastoblameItseemedthathavewaterdeliveredasaresultofannounceaccordinglyhavethehandleofthepumpremovedthroughthisintervention

斯諾首先在地圖上標(biāo)出所有死者住所的確切位置。寬街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16號(hào)、37號(hào)、38號(hào)及40號(hào)住宅)，但是有些住戶(如寬街20號(hào)和21號(hào)以及劍橋街8號(hào)和9號(hào))卻無人死亡。這些幸存者在劍橋街7號(hào)的酒吧工作，酒吧為他們提供免費(fèi)啤酒，因此沒有喝水泵抽上來的水。斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住４送?，在倫敦的另一個(gè)區(qū)域，一名婦女和她的女兒從寬街搬來后死于霍亂。該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運(yùn)到家里來。有了這個(gè)證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠宣布水泵抽上來的水?dāng)y帶霍亂病菌。于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。這一干預(yù)舉措遏制了疾病的蔓延。JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexact

placeswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.There

weremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpin

BroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,

37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas

20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge

Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeople

workedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.They

hadbeengivenfreebeer,

andsohadnotdrunk

thewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthat

thewaterpumpwastoblame.Para3by+doing“通過...方式”定語從句“因而”，連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語賓語從句教材原句5Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces

whereallthosewho

diedhadlived.斯諾開始在地圖上標(biāo)注所有死者生活的精確地址。句式分析：where引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為_____，where在定語從句中做______；who引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為_______，who在從句中作_____。主語places狀語thoseItseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.havesth.done結(jié)構(gòu)so….that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句Itseemedthat…“看來……”,that引導(dǎo)表語從句教材原句6這位婦女似乎非常喜歡水泵里的水，所以每天都讓人送到她家去。It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)＋that從句.b常用于該句型結(jié)構(gòu)有：Itseemedthat...(看上去)Ithappenedthat…(碰巧)Itturnedoutthat…(證明是)Itappearedthat...(顯得)

“have＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”的用法有以下幾種：havesb./sth.doing

讓某人做某事(動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)、進(jìn)行含義)havesb.do

讓某人做某事（省略to）havesth.done

讓/請(qǐng)別人做某事；遭受到___________________wewerewrong.結(jié)果證明我們錯(cuò)了。_______________________hewasoutthatday.碰巧他那天出去了。Theyhadthecar___________(run)alltheway.Shehadplannedtohaveherdaughter_______(marry)Laurie.Asweleftwehadaphotograph_________(take)together.IthappenedthatItturnedoutthatmarryrunningtaken完成句子(1)__________________thatyoudisagreeontheplan.在我看來你不同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(2)__________________theharvestwasbadthatyear.那年碰巧收成不好。(3)Wedid___________wewereinvitedtoshareourideaandexperiencewithallthestudentsofourschool.我們做得很好，以至于被邀請(qǐng)與學(xué)校的所有學(xué)生分享我們的想法和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(4)Sheis__________________________________wealllikeher.她是一個(gè)非?？蓯鄣呐?，我們都喜歡她。(5)Inordertomakeherselfmorebeautiful,she_______________yesterday.為了使自己更漂亮，她昨天把頭發(fā)剪了。(6)Itisnotagoodideato___________________allthetime.讓機(jī)器一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不是一個(gè)好主意。ItseemstomeIthappenedthatsowellthatsolovelyagirlthat/suchalovelygirlthathadherhaircuthavethemachinerunning即學(xué)即練JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Whatismore,

inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandher

daughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermoving

awayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuch

thatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnow

wasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehad

thehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,the

diseasewasstoppedinitstracks.

Para3表語從句“似乎...”“havesthdone”賓語從句“因此”目的狀語從句havemyhaircuthavetheproblemfixedPara.3Drawaconclusion Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.announcePumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.Remove

thehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstoppedsothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，意義為“結(jié)果是……”，“以至于……”，一般不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，有時(shí)可用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，有時(shí)則不用。這種從句可用so…that…從句來轉(zhuǎn)換。=Itrainedsohardthatwehadtostayathomeyesterday.CompareandFindItrainedhardyesterdaysothatwehadtostayathome.Importantsentences(P2~P3)Snowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterReadfromPara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriescheckHelpJohnSnowfindtherootoftheproblem?BroadStreetpumphadbeenbadlyinfectedbywasteWatercompaniessoldwaterfromRiverThamesRiverThameswaspollutedbyrawwasteThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater

Para.4

事情的真相是寬街水泵抽上來的水被廢棄物污染了。此外，斯諾之后還證明了另外幾起霍亂病例與倫敦多家飲用水公司有關(guān)。有些公司出售的水取自被未處理的廢棄物污染的泰晤士河。與飲用純浄水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。

Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytoget

cholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.

與飲用純凈水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染

上霍亂。(Para.4,Line4)morethan結(jié)構(gòu)可以由far,much,alittle,slightly,hardly,nothing,no等詞修飾，一般置于morethan結(jié)構(gòu)前。ObserveandFind(1)Thislittlemanwashardlymorethan1.5mfiftytall.(2)Shecouldhavethoughtofnothingmorelikelytopleaseherbrother

thanthispraiseofMaggie.Importantsentences(P2~P3)______顯示A與B間的聯(lián)系______未處理的廢棄物__更容易做某事___純浄水或開水

showalinkbetweenAandBrawwastebelikelytodopureorboiledwateWhatdidJohnSnowachieve?checkThethreatodcholerasawasubstantialdecreaseThemeasuresofpreventcholeraTransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases

ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,SnowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiologyPara.5

經(jīng)過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司開始出售潔凈水，世界各地霍亂的威脅大幅降低。然而，霍亂仍是問題。每年全球有數(shù)百萬人感染霍亂，其中許多人因此喪生。幸運(yùn)的是，由于約翰?斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預(yù)防霍亂。此外，通過使用地圖和數(shù)據(jù)，斯諾改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯諾被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父。_____世界各地霍亂的威脅__________大幅降低______________多虧_______通過使用地圖和數(shù)據(jù)

改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式___________被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父thethreatofcholeraasubstantialdecreasethankstouseofmapsandstatisticstransformthewayscientistsstudydiseasesbeconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology教材原句7ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.通過斯諾的不懈努力，供水公司開始銷售潔凈水，霍亂對(duì)世界各地的威脅大幅減少。句式分析

：“thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease”是一個(gè)以無生命的名詞詞組作主語的句式?！盁o生命的名詞＋see/find/witness…”意為“……經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、見證、目睹某事”。有些動(dòng)詞，如see,find,witness等，可以用地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞作主語，表示某地或某時(shí)經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、見證或目睹某事。________________________________．自1990年以來，這個(gè)城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化。________________________________________.二十世紀(jì)經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。完成句子(1)________________theimprovementofpeople’slife.這棵老樹見證了人們的生活得到了改善。(2)________________himwanderingaloneintheevening.傍晚，他獨(dú)自一人在寂靜的街道上徘徊。英譯漢(3)Thelasttenyearshavewitnessedgreatchangesinourcity._______________________________________(4)Thestreetlightfoundthegirlcrying.______________________________________TheoldtreehasseenThequietstreetfound過去十年我們的城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化街燈下那個(gè)女孩在哭Thecityhasseengreatchangessince1990Thetwentiethcenturywitnessedtwoworldwars8.

transform[tr?ns'f??m]:v.使改觀;使改變形態(tài);改變;轉(zhuǎn)變transformAintoB(fromc)

把A變成BAbetransformedintoB(fromc)A被變成Btransformer

n.促使改變的人或物；變壓器transformation

n.[C&U]改變;轉(zhuǎn)化Wecantransformelectricityinto

lightenergyaswellasintoheatenergy.=Electricitycanbetransformedintolightenergyaswella