高中英語(yǔ)譯林版選修一：Unit 1 Period 3　Grammar and usage-To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives

Period3Grammarandusage—To-infinitivesassubjectsandpredicatives認(rèn)真閱讀下列句子，感悟加黑部分在句中所作的成分并完成方框下面的小題。1．Notthatlongago，myfirstthoughtatmealtimeswastoeatatarestaurant.2．Toeatoutwasalsoasocialactivity，allowingmetoenhancetherelationshipwithmyfriends.3．Thereareavarietyofrecipesintheapptochoosefrom.4．WhenIpickedapopularrecipeandgaveitatry，Idiscoveredthatitwasnotthatdifficulttomakeasimpleandtastydish.5．Myplanistoinvitemyfriendsoverattheweekendtoshowthemmynew-foundskills.1．以上句子中的加黑部分都是動(dòng)詞不定式，作主語(yǔ)的是句2和句4；作表語(yǔ)的是句1。2．句3中的加黑部分在句子中作的是定語(yǔ)；句5中的加黑部分作的是狀語(yǔ)。一、不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示個(gè)別的、具體的、一次性的或者具有將來(lái)含義的動(dòng)作，并且句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。常見的不定式作主語(yǔ)的情況主要有四類：1．不定式直接作主語(yǔ)。TofinishtheworkbeforeFridayisnotsoeasy.在周五之前完成這項(xiàng)工作沒(méi)有那么容易。Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.騎自行車到那兒將花費(fèi)我們半個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。注意：動(dòng)名詞也可以作主語(yǔ)，但表示動(dòng)作經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生，而不是只針對(duì)某一次。Smokinginpublicplacesisnotgood.在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙不好。2．形式主語(yǔ)it放在句首，真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)釉~不定式放在后面。Itwouldbebetterforyoutocyclearoundthelake.你最好繞著湖騎自行車。It’snoteasytoworkouttheproblem.計(jì)算出這道題不容易。Itisinterestingtoplaywithsnowinwinter.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。注意：it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有三種情況：①常用形容詞作它的表語(yǔ)。真正的主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式)通常有邏輯主語(yǔ)，一般用for短語(yǔ)來(lái)引出，即forsbtodosth。但當(dāng)表語(yǔ)形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，要用of。此時(shí)的表語(yǔ)形容詞往往有：clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。如：It’seasyforhimtoworkoutthismathproblem.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題很容易。Itwascarelessofhimtodrinkthevinegarinthatbottlebymistake.＝Hewascarelesstodrinkthevinegarinthatbottlebymistake.他真粗心，誤把那瓶醋喝了。②有時(shí)也接名詞作表語(yǔ)。如：Itmustbegreatfuntoflytothemooninaspaceship.乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。③還常用于“Ittakes(took/willtake)sbsometime/moneytodosth”句型中。如：Ittookmemorethananhourtodomyhomeworkyesterdayevening.昨天晚上我用了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的時(shí)間做作業(yè)。3．“特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作主語(yǔ)。常見的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有：what，who，which，when，where，why，how等。采用“特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作主語(yǔ)，句子的謂語(yǔ)同樣采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Howtorelievethepainisaquestion.如何緩解疼痛是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。Wheretoholdthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)在哪兒舉行會(huì)議。4．動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式作主語(yǔ)。Tobeadmittedbyakeyuniversityisdifficultforhim.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取是困難的。二、不定式作表語(yǔ)1．不定式作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容，具有“即將進(jìn)行的一次性動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的狀態(tài)”的特征。作主語(yǔ)的詞往往是表示“目的、愿望、夢(mèng)想、需求”等的名詞(短語(yǔ)、從句)。Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.活著就是要做一些有價(jià)值的事情。Hiswishistobecomeanastronaut.他的愿望是成為一名宇航員。Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.我的主要目的是指出這件事的困難。2．動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式作表語(yǔ)。Whathehopedwastobeadmittedintotheuniversity.他希望能被那所大學(xué)錄取。注意：①有些作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，在結(jié)構(gòu)上是主動(dòng)的，但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的。②如果主語(yǔ)中含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的形式，表語(yǔ)中的to可以省略。Sheistoblamefortheaccidenthappeninglastnight.(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))她應(yīng)該為昨天晚上發(fā)生的事故負(fù)責(zé)。Whatwecandonowis(to)waitherepatiently.我們現(xiàn)在能做的就是在這兒耐心等待。3．“特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作表語(yǔ)。常見的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有：what，who，which，when，where，why，how等?！疤厥庖蓡?wèn)詞＋不定式”通常與be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作be動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。Thequestionishowtofinishthework.問(wèn)題是如何完成這項(xiàng)工作。用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thesedays，theattitudeofmanypeopleis1.toeat(eat)foodthattheythinktastesgood.However，thiscanleadto2.having(have)anunbalanceddiet，whichoftenresultsinshort-termorlong-termhealthissues.Ifyouraimis3.tostay(stay)healthy，thenyouneedabalanceddiet.Needlesstosay，itisnotalwayseasy4.toplan(plan)suchadiet，butthegoodthingisthathereisalotofadvice.5．Tosave(save)yourselfsometime，youcouldtry6.looking(look)ata“foodpyramid”—achartwhosefunctionis7.toshow(show)youhow8.toeat(eat)healthily.Youcouldalsomakehealthyfoodathomeandtry9.toavoid(avoid)eatingtake-outorfastfood.Itisimportantforyou10.toeat(eat)healthyfood.Youwillfeelbetter，havemoreenergy，andhavefewerhealthproblemsinlaterlife.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Wewillknowhowimportantitistohaveahealthybody.2．Itisnotasimplemattertodetermine(determine)thenatureoftalent.3．Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier，nottomake(make)itmoredifficult.4．Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyse(analyse)yourshortandlongobjectives.5．Whethertravellingabroadwilldoharmtotheseniororgoodremainstobeseen(see)．6．Myexplanationseemedtohavemade(make)thingsworse，whichdrovememadderthanbefore.7．It’sagreathonorformetobeasked(ask)todeliveraspeechtoeverybodyhere.8．Mostpeoplebelievethatthebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogather(gather)agroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.9．Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwondering(wonder)howlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.10．Keepinmindallwehavetodois(to)push(push)thebutton.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Itisstupidofhertomakethesamemistakeagainandagain.她真蠢，一次又一次地犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。2．I’vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopenacafé.從兒時(shí)起我就有很多夢(mèng)想，現(xiàn)在我的夢(mèng)想是開一家小餐館。3．Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisstillunderdiscussion.何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議仍在討論中。4．Itisimportantforhertobuildupthelittleboy’sconfidence.對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)樹立起這個(gè)小男孩的自信是非常重要的。5．Intheevening，theonlythinghecoulddowas(to)readabookquietly.晚上他唯一能做的事就是安靜地讀書。Ⅲ.閱讀理解(2023·江蘇蘇州高二上期中)Breadfruitisatraditionalstaple(主食)cropfromthePacificislandswiththepotentialtoimproveworldwidefoodsecurity.Whilepeoplehavesurvivedonitforthousandsofyears，therewasalackofbasicscientificknowledgeofthehealthimpactsofabreadfruit-baseddietinbothhumansandanimals.Nowthefruitisgettingthenutritionalthumbs-upfromateamofBritishColumbiaresearchers.Breadfruitcanbeharvested，driedandmadeintoaflour.Fortheproject，researchershadfourbreadfruitsfromthesametreeinHawaii，shippedtotheMurchLabatUBCOkanagan.YingLiuledthestudyexaminingthedigestionandhealthimpactofabreadfruit-baseddiet.“Wewantedtocontributetothedevelopmentofbreadfruitasasustainable，environmentally-friendlyandhigh-productioncrop，”Liusays.Theresearchersdesignedaseriesofstudiesthatcouldprovidedataontheimpactsofabreadfruit-baseddietfedtomiceandalsoanenzyme(酶)digestionmodel.Theresearchersdeterminedthatbreadfruitproteinwasfoundtobeeasiertodigestthanwheatproteinintheenzymedigestionmodel.Andmicefedthebreadfruitdiethadasignificantlyhighergrowthrateandbodyweightthanstandarddiet-fedmice.Liualsonotedmiceonthebreadfruitdiethadasignificantlyhigherdailywaterconsumptioncomparedtomiceonthewheatdiet.Fundamentalunderstandingofthehealthimpactofbreadfruitdigestionanddietsisnecessaryandessentialtotheestablishmentofbreadfruitasastapleinthefuture.“Overall，thesestudiessupporttheuseofbreadfruitaspartofahealthy，nutritionallybalanceddiet，”saysLiu.Theuseofbreadfruitcouldmakeinroadsinfoodsustainabilityformanypopulationsglobally.Liusuggestsifapersonatethesameamountofcookedbreadfruittheycanmeetuptonearly57percentoftheirdailyfibrerequirement，morethan34percentoftheirproteinrequirementandatthesametimeconsumevitaminC，iron，calciumandotherelements.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。雖然人們靠面包果生存了數(shù)千年，但之前一直沒(méi)有科學(xué)研究來(lái)證明其營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。本文介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于面包果的研究，研究結(jié)果支持將面包果作為健康、營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡飲食的一部分。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助緩解食物緊張的問(wèn)題。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thumbs-up”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Requirement. B．Benefit.C．Reflection. D．Acceptance.答案D解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Whilepeoplehavesurvivedonit...dietinbothhumansandanimals.”可知，在過(guò)去，人們?nèi)狈﹃P(guān)于面包果對(duì)健康的影響的科學(xué)知識(shí)。而畫線詞所在句則說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，與過(guò)去進(jìn)行對(duì)比。由此推知，現(xiàn)在面包果的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值得到了研究人員的認(rèn)可，畫線詞thumbs-up意為“贊同，接受”。故選D。2．WhatisthepurposeofLiu’sstudyonbreadfruit?A．TohelpthosePacificislanders.B．Toprovethevalueofthefood.C．Topromotethefoodworldwide.D．Todevelopanewtypeofdiet.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句以及第三段第一句可推知，Liu研究面包果的目的是證明這種食物的價(jià)值。故選B。3．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theresearchmethod.B．Theresearchfocuses.C．Theresearchprocess.D．Theresearchfindings.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，這一段主要介紹了研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即面包果蛋白質(zhì)比小麥蛋白質(zhì)更容易消化，而且被喂食面包果的老鼠比普通喂養(yǎng)的老鼠發(fā)育更快，日消耗水量更多。故選D。4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutbreadfruitfromthelastparagraph?A．Itwilltaketheplaceofwheat.B．Itissuperiortootherfoods.C．Itcanhelpeasefoodshortage.D．Itneedsfurtherimprovement.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句以及第三句可知，面包果在未來(lái)可能會(huì)被作為主食，對(duì)全球的食物維持能力有幫助。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“它可以幫助緩解食物緊張”符合題意。故選C。Ⅳ.完形填空LittleIsabellaHibbertwasjustfourwhenshefoundhermumChelsea1onthekitchenfloorattheirhomeinOldham，GreaterManchester，in2018.Thequick-thinkingyoungstergrabbedChelsea’sphoneand2999andgavethecallhandlerher3beforeclimbingonastooltoletthedoctorsandnursesin.Chelsea,30，said，“IgotupinthemiddleofthenightandthenextthingIrememberisthedoctorsandnursesbeinghere.Isabellaunlockedmy4andphonedtheambulance.She5onalittlechair，gotthehousekeyandletthem6.Then，shephonedmymum，whowasacrosstheroad.I7andshewassittingthere8atme.Thatwasthebitthatbrokeme，thinkingshewasthereonherown.Eventothisday，itis9shedidthatwhenshewassosmall.Shegotaspecial10fromRainbows，whichwasreallylovely.I’mso11ofher.”Threeyearson，doctorsaren’tsurewhatcausedChelsea’smystery12andarestillrunningtestsbutsuspectitwasablooddisorder.ButtheyheapedpraiseonIsabella，nowseven，for13helpsoquickly，meaningChelseagot14hospitaltreatment.EmergencycallhandlerClareCattermolesaid：“Shebehavedreallywell.Shewas15andisarealcredittohermum.”語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇記敘文，主要講述了四歲的IsabellaHibbert發(fā)現(xiàn)母親Chelsea暈倒在家中的廚房地板上，她及時(shí)撥打了求助電話，并把自己的家庭地址告訴了電話接線員，她的這一行為及時(shí)挽救了母親，獲得了他人的贊揚(yáng)。1．A.fainted B．satC．slept D．stood答案A解析faint暈厥；sit坐下；sleep睡覺(jué)；stand站立。根據(jù)第三段的“IgotupinthemiddleofthenightandthenextthingIrememberisthedoctorsandnursesbeinghere.”可知，Chelsea記得自己半夜起來(lái)，但醒來(lái)后就發(fā)現(xiàn)醫(yī)生和護(hù)士在自己家里，由此可知她“暈倒”在廚房地板上。故選A。2．A.dialed B．foundC．got D．searched答案A解析dial撥號(hào)；find找到；get得到；search搜索。根據(jù)后文999可知，她四歲的女兒發(fā)現(xiàn)她暈倒后，拿起她的手機(jī)“撥打”了999，故選A。3．A.home B．a(chǎn)ddressC．story D．name答案B解析后來(lái)醫(yī)生和護(hù)士來(lái)到了她的家里，故此處指她女兒告訴接電話的人她家的“地址”，故選B。4．A.door B．roomC．bag D．phone答案D解析根據(jù)后文“phonedtheambulance”可知，Isabella先解鎖她媽媽的“手機(jī)”，才能打電話叫救護(hù)車。故選D。5．A.stepped B．walkedC．climbed D．hurried答案C解析step行走；walk散步；climb攀爬；hurry匆忙。根據(jù)第二段中的“beforeclimbingonastooltoletthedoctorsandnursesin”可知，這里指爬上椅子，應(yīng)用climb。故選C。6．A.out B．inC．up D．down答案B解析根據(jù)上文“l(fā)etthedoctorsandnursesin”可知，這里指讓救護(hù)人員進(jìn)屋子，應(yīng)用letsbin。故選B。7．A.cametolife B．cameoutC．cameup D．camedown答案A解析cometolife蘇醒；comeout出版；comeup走近；comedown下來(lái)。根據(jù)文意，此處應(yīng)該指Chelsea“蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)”以后。故選A。8．A.watching B．glaringC．staring D．peeping答案C解析watch觀看；glare怒視；stare凝視；peep窺視。Chelsea蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)以后發(fā)現(xiàn)她女兒正“盯著”她看，stareat“凝視”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。9．A.unacceptable B．unavoidableC．unbelievable D．unreliable答案C解析unacceptable不可接受的；unavoidable不可避免的；unbelievable難以置信的；unreliable不可靠的。她女兒只有四歲，卻能撥打急救電話并告訴急救人員她家的地址，在如此小的年齡卻能做到這一切是令人“難以置信的”，故選C。10．A.praise B．medalC．gift D．reward答案B解析praise贊揚(yáng)；medal獎(jiǎng)?wù)?；gift禮物；reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。她女兒Isabella因?yàn)樽隽诉@么一件令人難以置信的事情，而受到了“彩虹”組織頒發(fā)的一枚“獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆?，故選B。11．A.anxious B．a(chǎn)mazedC．proud D．excited答案C解析anxious焦慮的；amazed驚訝的；proud驕傲的；excited激動(dòng)的。結(jié)合后文“ofher”可知，Chelsea為她女兒所做的事感到“驕傲”，短語(yǔ)beproudofsb“為某人感到驕傲”，故選C。12．A.cancer B．symptomC．heartattack D．illness答案D解析cancer癌癥；symptom癥狀；heartattack心臟??；illness疾病。結(jié)合后文“andarestillrunningtestsbutsuspectitwasablooddisorder”可知，醫(yī)生們還不能確定是什么引起了Chelsea神秘的“疾病”，故選D。13．A.seeking B．givingC．receiving D．a(chǎn)sking答案A解析根據(jù)后文“helpsoquickly”可知，Isabella因?yàn)榭焖俚摹皩で髱椭倍@得了人們的稱贊，故選A。14．A.careful B．professionalC．medial D．swift答案D解析careful仔細(xì)的；professional專業(yè)的；medial中間的；swift快速的。根據(jù)后文“hospitaltreatment”可知，因?yàn)镮sabella快速尋求了幫助，所以Chelsea很快就得到了治療。故選D。15．A.diligent B．modestC．a(chǎn)mazing D．warmhearted答案C解析diligent勤奮的；modest謙虛的；amazing令人驚奇的；warmhearted親切的。根據(jù)上文“Shebehavedreallywell.”可知，此處在稱贊Isabella，她所做的這一切讓人覺(jué)得不可思議，故選C。Ⅴ.語(yǔ)法填空(2023·浙江北斗聯(lián)盟高二上期中)AlthoughLaughterYogadefinitelyincludessomeyoga，don’texpectittohavemuchincommonwiththeyogaclasses1.(offer)atyourlocalstudioorgym.Itpromotestheuseoflaughterasaformofphysicalexercise，attaching2.(much)importancetotheformerthantothelatter.LaughterYoga3.(create)inthemid-1990sasasocialexperiment.In1995，DrMadanKatariacalledonagroupofstudentsinapark4.(test)whetheraddingregularlaughtertopeople’sliveswouldimprove5.(they)well-be