06.反意疑問句、感嘆句、并列句及相關(guān)-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英語直通車

第頁第06講：第06講：反意疑問句、感嘆句、并列句及相關(guān)考點(diǎn)歸納、考前鞏固、真題鏈接 考點(diǎn)歸納陳述句: ⑴肯定:Idohopethatyouwillgiveupsmoking.強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) ⑵否定:否定詞not,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,rarely,barely,etc.(cf.unfair,impolite等) 當(dāng)not用來否定句中的非謂語動(dòng)詞成分，此時(shí)僅為局部否定，不構(gòu)成否定句，仍為肯定句，如Ishouldhavepresentedhernotagoldringbutsomethingelse.

否定轉(zhuǎn)移:(一般僅出現(xiàn)在主語為第一人稱時(shí))

如think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示看法，或seem等表示感覺的動(dòng)詞后接賓語從句時(shí)，需將表示否定意義的否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中；若主句含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則不轉(zhuǎn)移 ⑶雙重否定: Mancan’tlivewithoutair./Iwasnotalittleworried.=Iwasverymuchworried.祈使句:肯定與否定Hurryup./Doitagain,oryouwillregret./Neverdoitagain.疑問句:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句反意疑問句(附加疑問句)基本規(guī)律:“前肯后否，前否后肯”；不管陳述句的主語是哪種詞類，在反意疑問句中一律用代詞；當(dāng)為否定形式時(shí)，not必須與前面的助動(dòng)詞用縮略形式反意疑問句中的代詞使用原則:陳述句中的主語反意疑問句中的代詞something,anything,everything,nothingittodosth.,doingsth.,主語從句itsomeone,somebodyheanyone,anybody,noone,nobody,everyone,everybodythey(口語)/he(正式語體)therest,thefollowing,largequantitiesof,onethirdof,30%of等由其代表的數(shù)決定，單數(shù)用he(人)或it(物)，復(fù)數(shù)用they由and連接的兩個(gè)或以上的名詞或代詞第一人稱we/第二人稱you/第三人稱theythis,that,these,those相應(yīng)it/theytherebe句型thereoneone/you(非正式)一般情況下反意疑問句的代詞一般遵照的是主句中的主語“看主不看從”，但當(dāng)反意疑問句的主句中含think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine等詞時(shí)，反意疑問句的代詞可有多種情況:當(dāng)主句人稱為第一人稱時(shí)，代詞遵照從句而定；當(dāng)主句人稱為二、三人稱時(shí)，代詞遵照主句而定，即“第一人稱看從句，二三人稱看主句”；并列句則遵照就近原則否定前移的特殊情況:否定前移一般主語為第一人稱 當(dāng)主句人稱為第一人稱時(shí)，此時(shí)代詞遵照從句而定，且此時(shí)應(yīng)將從句視為否定句；當(dāng)主句人稱為二、三人稱時(shí)，此時(shí)代詞遵照主句而定，此時(shí)主句依舊為否定句(非否定前移)，如 Idon’tsupposethathe’scurious,ishe? Hedoesn’tthinkIamright,doeshe?存在hardly,scarcely,seldom,rarely,little,few等半否定副詞的句子也被視為否定句，但含有依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法通過添加前綴(常見的有un-,im-,ir-,dis-)轉(zhuǎn)換而來的詞(如impossible,unfair)或含有某些表示拒絕含義的動(dòng)詞(如refuse)的句子雖具有一定否定含義，但該句不為否定句，如 Heseldomknewaword,didhe? Thatisimpossible,isn’tit?當(dāng)主句中含有l(wèi)et’s或letus，其對(duì)應(yīng)的反意疑問句是不同的，如Let’sgoforawalk,shallwe? Letusgohome,willyou?祈使句后可接willyou?/won’tyou?/couldyou?/canyou?等，這些句子僅表示客氣語氣，某種程度上不屬于真正的反意疑問句，故某些用法與常規(guī)反意疑問句有些不同；肯定祈使句后可使用willyou?或won’tyou?(后者更為客氣)，否定祈使句可用willyou?/canyou?Sendmeanothercopy,willyou?=Willyousendmeanothercopy?

Don’tmakenoises,canyou?2特殊情況:2 ⑴ 陳述句中含usedto，反意疑問句可用did或use(d)n’t ⑵ 陳述句中含Iam，反意疑問句不為amnot，而可用aren’t(BrE) ⑶ 陳述句中含oughtto，反意疑問句可用oughtn’t(BrE)或shouldn’t(AmE) ⑷ 主句中含mustnot表“禁止”，反意疑問句用may；若must表“必須”，反意疑問句可用must或改用need；must表“義務(wù)”，或表“想必”、“一定”等推測(cè)性意義時(shí)，通常也must ⑸ 主句中含musthavedone等

a.同時(shí)句中出現(xiàn)過去時(shí)間狀語，疑問部分用did b.同時(shí)不含有具體時(shí)間，反意疑問句用完成時(shí) ⑹ 陳述句中含have，作“有”解時(shí)，反意疑問句可用have及其變形或do及其變形；其他含義時(shí)只能用do及其變形 ⑺ 注意反意疑問句的回答，事實(shí)肯定用Yes,…反之亦然；注意回答的前后一致 ⑻ 注意某些如’s/’d的縮略形式的完整形式；注意need/dare是否為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞感嘆句 ⑴ 基本結(jié)構(gòu): What+(a/an)+a.+n.+次序不變的其他成分 How+(a./adv.)+次序不變的其他成分 e.g. ⑵ 特殊情況下，what后可直接加名詞，how后可直接加句子 e.g. Whatfunitistorideinaone-horseopensledge! ⑶ 尋尋覓覓，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，感嘆句what/how的結(jié)構(gòu)與such/so句型竟有著驚人的相似之處 WhataniceplaceChinais!Chinaissuchaniceplace! HowniceChinais!Chinaissonice! *⑷ 感嘆句的反意疑問句:一律用否定式并列連詞(coordinatingconjunctions)指用來連接彼此是并列關(guān)系的詞、短語、從句或句子的詞；被連接的兩個(gè)部分彼此是獨(dú)立的，在句法上是平等的；其中表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞有and,aswellas,both…and…,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…；表示選擇關(guān)系的有or,orelse,either…or；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的有but,yet,while,whereas；表示因果關(guān)系的有for,so在某些連接性狀語如furthermore,hence,however,nevertheless,therefore等之前通常用分號(hào)代替逗號(hào)，因?yàn)檫@些詞是副詞而非連詞，如He’dworkedintheforeignservicefortwoyearswithoutleave;hencehewastiredalmostbeyondendurance.需注意的并列連詞:⑴and解釋為和、然后、那么；⑵or解釋為或者、否則，用于否定句中可作也不解；⑶orelse作否則解；⑷yet作可是、然而解；⑸whereas作然而、但是、盡管解需特別注意的句子:

Heboughtfivebooks,andtwoofthemarenice.=Heboughtfivebooks,twoofwhicharenice.

Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Unless(ifnot)youhurryup,you’llbelate.

TomsaidthathelikedEnglishandthathewantedtolearnFrench.

Fiveminutesearlier,andyoucouldhavemetTom. 考前鞏固I. Completethetagquestions(反意疑問句).Payspecialattentiontotheitalicizedwordsandthewordsinthebrackets.(帶*的句子由于涉及虛擬語氣，故建議理解)(A)1. Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?(believe,suppose,imagine,bet,guess,etc.)2. I’mastudent,__________?*3. IwishIcouldhelpyou,___________?34. He’ssaidtohavefinishedthehomework,__________?35. Hemusthavebeentoschooltheotherday,__________?*6. Hehadplannedtolendyouahandyesterday,__________?7. Heisunfittodothejob,__________?(unfair,refuse,fail,hesitate,etc.)8. Ifitisfinetomorrow,theywillgoouting,__________?9. It’sclearthatthecarhasarrivedhere,__________?10. Hehasnomoneywithhimtoday,__________?11. Nobodyhasanythingtodowiththeaccident,__________?12. Don’ttellanybodyelseaboutit,__________?13. Comeinandtakeaseatifyouarefree,__________?14. Nobodyhadyourbikerepairedyesterday,__________?15. Theymusthavefinishedtheirtaskaheadoftimenow,__________?16. Mrs.Smith,whowasnotinchargeofus,refusedtohelpus,__________?17. Tom’ssisterhadnoideaofwhenthemeetingwouldbeheld,__________?18. Herfather’sjustcomefromBeijing,__________?(B)Janehastostayhereallday,__________?AsfarasIremember,Tomusedtolivehere,__________?That’syoursister,__________?Imustanswertheletter,__________?Youneedtocomeearlier,__________?Susan’dhaveworkedabroadifshe’dhadthechance,__________?Everyone’shavingagoodtime,__________?There’snothingwrong,__________?Someoneturnthatradiodown,__________?Birdsbarelybuildnestsinourgarden,__________?Dositdown,__________?Idon’tthinkyou’vedoneit,__________?Onecan’tbetoomodest,__________?Don’tforgettophoneme,__________?Let’sgo,__________?II. Turnthefollowingsentencesintoexclamatorysentences(感嘆句).1. It’sniceofyoutocome. 2. That’sapity.3. Shewearsfunnyclothes. 4. That’sagoodidea.*5. She’slovely,isn’tshe? 6. Ihatenoise.III. Choosethebestanswer.Theboydarenotstayathomealone,_____? A.darehe B.darenothe C.doeshe D.doesn’theHemusthavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears,_____? A.mustn’the B.hasn’the C.didn’the D.doesn’theYou’dneverheardofitbeforeItoldyou,_____? A.didn’tI B.didI C.hadn’tyou D.hadyouHecan’thavefinishedthejobyesterday,_____? A.canhe B.hashe C.didhe D.didn’theThenursesaidthatshewasnotfeelingwell,_____? A.wasn’tshe B.didn’tshe C.wasshe D.didsheYou’dbetterremainhere,_____?4 A.wouldn’tyou B.didn’tyou C.hadn’tyou D.shouldyou4–Heisangrywithme,isn’the? –_____. A.Idon’thopeso. B.Ihopenot. C.Idon’thopethat. D.Idon’thopeit.Theyseemtosaythefirstthingthatcomesintotheirhead,_____? A.dothey B.don’tthey C.doesn’tit D.doesitHedislikesthefilm,_____? A.doeshe B.doesn’the C.willhe D.mayheIfyouwanthelp—moneyoranything,letmeknow,_____? A.don’tyou B.willyou C.shallyou D.doyouMrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,_____? A.isshe B.isn’tshe C.doesn’tshe D.doessheBriantoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,_____? A.wasthere B.wasn’tthere C.didn’the D.didheIdon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,_____? A.doI B.don’tI C.willthey D.won’ttheyThenewsthattheyfailedtheirdrivingtestdiscouragedhim,_____? A.didthey B.didn’tthey C.didit D.didn’tit–Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,_____? –ButIfedityesterday. A.doyou B.willyou C.didn’tyou D.don’tyouIdidn’tseeMikeinhisofficethismorning,soIthinkhemusthavegonetoParisyesterday,_____? A.mustn’the B.didn’the C.hasn’the D.didITomisunfitforthedemandingjob,_____? A.isTom B.isn’tTom C.isn’the D.isheYouneedalotofmoney,_____? A.don’tyou B.doyou C.needn’tyou D.needyouTherestandmanytreesinthegarden,_____? A.don’tthere B.don’tthey C.dothere D.dotheyIthinkthatsomethinghastobedonetostopourairfrombeingpolluted,_____? A.doesn’tit B.hasn’tit C.don’tthey D.haven’tthey–Frankisuplateworkingagain.” –Thisisthethirdtimethisweekhe’shadtostudylate,_____? A.isn’tit B.hasn’tit C.isn’the D.hasn’thePeoplewhohaveregularphysicalexerciseseldomcatchadiseaselikeA(H1N1)flu,_____? A.dothey B.don’tthey C.haven’tthey D.havethey–Theybelievedthattheirconclusionwasright,_____?

–Isupposeso. A.wasit B.didthey C.didn’tthey D.wasn’titLearninghowtorepairmotorstakesalongtime,_____? A.doesit B.isit C.wasn’tit D.doesn’titTodayisn’tascoldasitwasyesterday,_____? A.wasn’tit B.wasit C.isn’tit D.isitManybelievethattheworldwillendonDecember21,2012accordingtotheMayanProphecy,_____? A.don’tthey B.won’tit C.isn’tit D.willtheyIntelligentpeopleneedneverworkhardtobesuccessfulinthefieldwheretheyareengagedin,_____they? 5 A.needn’t B.don’t C.do D.need5Thenewsthattheyfailedtheirdrivingtestdiscouragedhim,_____? A.didthey B.didn’tthey C.didit D.didn’titWhenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,don’tforgettoputitinmydrawer,____? A.doyou B.willyou C.don’tyou D.won’tyouMeasuresmustbetakenbeforethereisanothercollapseofthecoalmine,_____? A.mustthey B.mustn’tthey C.isthere D.isn’tthereIdon’timagineRussandhispoordoghadagoodtimeonthedesertedisland,_____? A.didn’tthey B.doI C.didthey D.hadn’ttheyChinesemusthavethelargestnumberofspeakers,_____? A.mustn’tthat B.haven’tthey C.don’tthey D.doesn’titDon’tforgettheappointmentwiththeprincipalattheregistryoffice,_____you? A.don’t B.will C.do D.shallTohaveafamilyreuniondinneratarestaurant,youneedtoreservetherestaurantandselectdishesonthemenumonthsbeforeit,_____? A.don’tyou B.didn’tyou C.mustn’tyou D.needn’tyou_____itistoplayhideandseekwithallofyou! A.Howfunny B.Howagreatfun C.Whatagreatfun D.Whatfun_____yourweddingwas! A.Howagreatsuccess B.Whatagreatsuccess C.Howgreatsuccess D.WhatgreatsuccessSally’sneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheatre,_____? A.hasn’tshe B.hasshe C.isn’tshe D.issheIthoughtthatyouwouldbeawayfromthepresentpost,_____? A.didn’the B.didn’tyou C.weren’tyou D.wouldn’tyouAllthevisitorshavetopasssecuritycheckbeforetheyareallowedtoenterthestadium,_____?

A.don’tthey B.haven’tthey C.aren’tthey D.aretheyThestreetswereflooded,soitmusthaverainedheavilylastnight,_____? A.mustn’tit B.hasn’tit C.didn’tit D.weren’ttheyBeerbottlescanberecycledbuttheyneedcleaningthoroughly,_____they? A.needn’t B.don’t C.mustn’t D.can’tAtthemeeting,moststudentsdisagreedwiththedirector’sproposal,_____? A.didthey B.didn’tthey C.didit D.didn’titYousaidthatthecurrentshortageofwaterinsomeprovinceswouldendsoon,_____? A.wouldit B.wouldn’tit C.didyou D.didn’tyouHemusthavebeentoScotland,_____IoncesawsomephotosofhimtakeninEdinburghwearingatartanskirt. A.for B.nowthat C.becauseof D.sinceYou’dbettergofaster,_____youwon’thaveanotherchancetodatewithme. A.and B.otherwise C.but D.howeverItisoftensaidthatanAmericanstartsaspeechwithajoke,_____aJapanesewithanapology. A.or B.as C.while D.whenShehadneverdoneanythingforthem,_____theyhaddoneeverythingforher. A.yet B.whereas C.when D.forAlthoughhewasanewcomerandworkedforonlyafewdaysintheoffice,_____hegottoknowalmosteverybodyhere. A.and B.but C.yet D.so6_____,andyouwillsucceed.6 A.Makinganothereffort B.Ifyoumakeanothereffort

C.Tomakeanothereffort D.AnothereffortOnceyoumeetwithatrafficaccident,_____. A.keepingcalm B.keepcalm C.andkeepcalm D.tobecalmMarylikesthesecraftsverymuch,_____belongtome. A.andallofwhich B.andneitherofthem C.noneofwhich D.bothofthemHurryoff,_____youwillbelatefortheconcert. A.unless B.therefore C.nevertheless D.henceHeshouldhavebeenthere,_____hewastoobusy. A.nevertheless B.otherwise C.furthermore D.but–Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithus?

–Yes,I’dloveto._____I’mafraidIhavenotime. A.So B.But C.Or D.And____somepeoplecomehereforashortbreak,othershavedecidedtostayforever. A.Because B.If C.Once D.WhileTherearefewerteachingpositionsleftinbigcities,_____atthesametimethereareshortageofteachersinsmalltowns. A.or B.and C.so D.forTaylor’spopularitygaveheralotofpowerwiththemovieindustry,_____shegotveryhighpayforhermovies. A.if B.though C.so D.unlessIthoughtwe’dbelatefortheconcert,_____weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime. A.for B.but C.or D.soIdon’tlikegoingtotheparty;Imust,_____,gosincetheyhaveinvitedmeseveraltimes. A.still B.otherwise C.nevertheless D.andCouldyoulendme50cents?_____,I’llhavetochangea$10noteintocoins. A.Therefore B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Yet64. Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteertogo,_____? A.doI B.don’tI C.willthey D.won’tthey65. He_____lastweekend,didn’the? A.didn’tdoanything B.didnothing C.hardlydidanything D.failedtodoanythi