Unit 3 Electricity（單元測試·提升卷）-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級英語下冊單元速記•巧練（牛津上海版）（解析版）

試卷第=page1414頁，共=sectionpages1515頁第頁Unit3Electricity（單元測試·提升卷）學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________一、單項選擇1．Stop________,please.Let’shaveameeting.A．talk B．totalk C．talking D．talked【答案】C【詳解】句意：請不要說話。讓我們開個會?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)“Let’shaveameeting”可知，此處是不要說話，stopdoingsth停止做某事，故選C。2．BellaalwaysfeelstiredandIthinkshe________gotobedearly.A．should B．could C．may D．shall【答案】A【詳解】句意：貝拉總是覺得累，我想她應(yīng)該早點睡覺?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞詞義辨析。should應(yīng)該；could可以，能；may可能，可以；shall將要，應(yīng)該。根據(jù)“Bellaalwaysfeelstired”可知，貝拉總是覺得累。因此我應(yīng)該給她提建議，讓她早點睡覺。選項A符合題意。故選A。3．Withthe“doublereduction”(雙減),studentshavemuch_________timetodoafter-schoolactivitiesthanbefore.A．many B．much C．more D．most【答案】C【詳解】句意：隨著雙減，學(xué)生們比以前有更多的時間做課后活動。考查形容詞用法。many許多的，修飾可數(shù)名詞；much許多的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；more更多的，比較級；most最多的，最高級。根據(jù)“thanbefore”并結(jié)合其前修飾詞much可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填寫比較級形式。故選C。4．Thepartywas________successful.Allofusenjoyedourselves.A．so B．such C．enough D．true【答案】A【詳解】句意：晚會非常成功。我們大家都玩得很開心?？疾楦痹~。so如此，修飾形容詞或副詞；such如此的，修飾名詞；enough足夠；true真正的。空處修飾形容詞successful，應(yīng)用副詞，選項B和D不符合，enough修飾形容詞時需后置，排除C。故選A。5．—Howmuchjuiceisthereinourhouse?—_________.Let’sgotothesupermarketandbuysomeafterdinner.A．None B．Nothing C．Everything D．All【答案】A【詳解】句意：——我們家里有多少果汁？——沒有了。晚飯后我們?nèi)コ匈I一些吧?？疾榇~。None沒有一個；Nothing沒什么；Everything一切；All所有。根據(jù)“Let’sgotothesupermarketandbuysomeafterdinner.”可知，要去超市買一些果汁，因此表示沒有果汁了，根據(jù)“Howmuch”可知，此處回答數(shù)量，用None，故選A。6．Jennygoestoschooleveryday________Sunday.A．besides B．not C．no D．except【答案】D【詳解】句意：除了星期天，珍妮每天都去上學(xué)?？疾榻樵~辨析。besides除……之外（還有），包含后者；not不；no沒有；except除……以外，不包含后者。根據(jù)“Jennygoestoschooleveryday...Sunday.”可知，此處是指不包含星期天，故選D。7．—Jane,canIhave________eraser?

—OK,hereyouare.A．/ B．a(chǎn)n C．a(chǎn) D．the【答案】B【詳解】句意：——簡，我能用你一塊橡皮嗎？——好的，給你?？疾楣谠~辨析。/不填；an表泛指，用于元音音素開頭的詞之前；a表泛指，用于輔音音素開頭的詞之前；the表特指。根據(jù)“canIhave…eraser?”可知，此處表示泛指，eraser是元音音素開頭的詞，因此此處用不定冠詞an。故選B。8．—________isthesecondstepofmakingRussianSoup?—Oh,Iforgot.ButIthinkmymomcanhelpus.A．Howmany B．Howmuch C．How D．What【答案】D【詳解】句意：——做羅宋湯的第二步是什么？——哦，我忘了。但我想我媽媽能幫我們?？疾橐蓡栐~辨析。Howmany多少，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；Howmuch多少錢；How如何；What什么。根據(jù)“Oh,Iforgot.ButIthinkmymomcanhelpus.”及語境可知，應(yīng)是詢問做羅宋湯的第二步是什么，what符合語境，故選D。9．________quiet,Tom.Yourfatheriswritingareport.A．Keep B．Kept C．Tokeep D．Keeping【答案】A【詳解】句意：安靜，湯姆。你父親正在寫一份報告?？疾槠硎咕洹＞渥颖硎疽环N命令，為祈使句，應(yīng)使用動詞原形引導(dǎo)。故選A。10．Where________he________lastSaturday?A．did;go B．did;went C．is;go D．was;went【答案】A【詳解】句意：他上周六去哪里了？考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)“l(fā)astSaturday”可知，句子要用一般過去時；句子動詞是實義動詞，助動詞用did，加了助動詞，實義動詞要用原形。故選A。11．NotonlyhebutalsoI________themoviebefore.A．see B．sees C．haveseen D．hasseen【答案】C【詳解】句意：不但他而且我之前已經(jīng)看過這部電影?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境和before可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)之前已經(jīng)看過，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，A和B錯誤；因為notonly...butalso使用就近一致原則，因此謂語動詞和I一致，要用have，故選C。12．Water________iceiftheweatherisbelowzero.A．willbeturnedoff B．willbeturnedtoC．willbeturnedinto D．willbeturnedup【答案】C【詳解】句意：如果天氣低于零度，水就會變成冰。考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)和動詞短語。willbeturnedoff將被關(guān)掉；willbeturnedto將被求助；willbeturnedinto將被變成；willbeturnedup將出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“Water...iceiftheweatherisbelowzero.”可知，此處表示水就會變成冰，故選C。13．—WouldyouliketoseethefilmChangjinLakewithmethisSunday?—I’dliketo,butI’mnotsure________I’mfreeonthatday.A．whether B．that C．when D．what【答案】A【詳解】句意：——這個星期天你愿意和我一起去看電影《長津湖》嗎？——我很想去，但我不確定那天是否有空?？疾檫B詞辨析。whether是否；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無實際意義；when什么時候；what什么。根據(jù)“I’mnotsure”可知，不確定是否有空。故選A。14．—Thebookseemsalittleboring.

—Youwon’tenjoyit_________youputyourheartintoit.A．when B．if C．a(chǎn)fter D．unless【答案】D【詳解】句意：——這本書看起來有點無聊?！悄闳耐度?，否則你欣賞不了它?？疾檫B詞辨析。when當(dāng)……的時候；if如果；after在……之后；unless如果不，除非。根據(jù)“youputyourheartintoit”可知，這里是讀懂這本書的條件，因此用unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“除非”，故選D。15．Thegirl________issittingunderthetreecomesfromEngland.A．who B．whom C．where D．what【答案】A【詳解】句意：坐在樹下的那個女孩來自英國?？疾槎ㄕZ從句的關(guān)系詞。who誰；whom誰，賓格形式；where哪里；what什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句是定語從句，先行詞是thegirl，因此用關(guān)系代詞who，且在從句中作主語，故選A。二、選詞填空將下列單詞或短語前的字母填入空格。每個單詞或短語只能填一次。A．change;B．planes;C．form;D．surprised;E.isconnectedto;F.use;G.whenEnergymakestheworldgoround.Energylightsourcities.Energypowersourvehicles(交通工具),trains,16androckets.Energywarmsourhomes,cooksourfood,playsourmusic,givesuspicturesontelevision.Energypowersmachinesinfactoriesandtractorsonafarm.Withoutit,we’dbewithoutkeyformsoftechnologyandtransportation.Energyfromthesungivesuslightduringtheday.Itdriesourclothes17they’rehangingoutsideonaclothesline.Ithelpsplantsgrow.Everythingwedo18energyinoneformoranother.Whenweeat,ourbodieschangetheenergystoredinthefoodintoenergytodowork.Whenwerunorwalk,we“burn”foodenergyinourbodies.Whenwethinkorreadorwrite,wearealsodoingwork.Manytimesit’sreallyhardwork!Cars,planes,lightbulbs,boatsandmachinesalso19energyintowork.Workmeansmovingsomething,liftingsomething,warmingsomething,lightingsomething.Alltheseareafewofthevarioustypesofwork.Electricityisa20ofenergyusedinourliveseveryday.Here’ssomethingyoucandotoseetheimportanceofelectricity.Takeawalkthroughyourschool,houseorapartmentandwritedownallthedifferentappliancesandmachinesthatuseelectricity.You’llbe21athowmanythingsweuseeachandeverydaythatdependonelectricity.【答案】16．B17．G18．E19．A20．C21．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了能源在人們生產(chǎn)生活中的重要用途。16．句意：能源為我們的車輛、火車、飛機(jī)和火箭提供動力。根據(jù)“vehicles(交通工具),trains,…androckets.”可知，此處表示并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)填交通工具，備選詞匯“planes飛機(jī)”符合語境，故填B。17．句意：當(dāng)我們的衣服掛在外面的晾衣繩上時，它會把它們烘干。根據(jù)“Itdriesourclothes…they’rehangingoutsideonaclothesline.”可知，這里是時間狀語從句，備選詞匯“when當(dāng)……時”符合語境，故填G。18．句意：我們所做的一切都以某種形式與能量聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)“Everythingwedo…energyinoneformoranother.”可知，生活中一切事情都與能量相關(guān)，備選詞匯“isconnectedto與……相關(guān)”符合語境，故填E。19．句意：汽車、飛機(jī)、燈泡、船只和機(jī)器也將能量轉(zhuǎn)化為功。根據(jù)“Cars,planes,lightbulbs,boatsandmachinesalso…energyintowork.”可知，轉(zhuǎn)換成能量進(jìn)行工作，備選詞匯“change轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變”符合語境，故填A(yù)。20．句意：電是我們每天生活中使用的一種能源。根據(jù)“a…ofenergy”可知，這里表示用“一種能源”，備選詞匯“form類型”符合語境，故填C。21．句意：你會驚訝于我們每天使用的依賴電力的東西有多少。根據(jù)“howmanythingsweuseeachandeverydaythatdependonelectricity.”可知，每天用電做很多事情，是很驚奇的事，備選詞匯“surprised驚奇的”符合語境，故填D。三、單詞拼寫22．ThelittlebluecartoonSmurfswereplanningtocelebratetheirbirthday.(fifty)【答案】fiftieth【詳解】句意：藍(lán)色卡通《藍(lán)精靈》正計劃慶祝它們的五十歲生日。此處在句中作定語修飾birthday，用序數(shù)詞形式，故填fiftieth。23．Accordingtoareport,AIisexpectedto85millionjobsworldwideby2025.(place)【答案】replace【詳解】句意：根據(jù)一份報告，到2025年，人工智能預(yù)計將取代全球8500萬個工作崗位。beexpectedtodosth“預(yù)計做某事”，所以空處用動詞原形，結(jié)合所給詞place和“AIisexpectedto...85millionjobsworldwide”可知，此處應(yīng)是指人工智能將取代全球8500萬個工作崗位，replace“取代”，故填replace。24．Yourcarisdesignedtogiveyoudifferenttypesofwhenthingsgowrong.(warn)【答案】warnings【詳解】句意：當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問題時，你的汽車會給你不同類型的警告。此處在句中作賓語，用名詞warning表示“警告”，“differenttypesof”修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填warnings。25．Thecoachexplainedhowtowearamaskatthegym.(comfortable)【答案】comfortably【詳解】句意：教練解釋了如何在健身房舒適地戴口罩。comfortable“舒服的”，形容詞，此處應(yīng)用其副詞形式comfortably，修飾動詞wear。故填comfortably。26．Thebodyproducesthatarenaturalpainkillers.(chemistry)【答案】chemicals【詳解】句意：身體產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是天然的止痛藥。chemistry“化學(xué)”，根據(jù)“Thebodyproduces...”及所給詞可知，身體產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)是化學(xué)物質(zhì)，chemical“化學(xué)物”，此處表示泛指，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填chemicals。27．Helookedandconfidentbeforethematch.(relax)【答案】relaxed【詳解】句意：賽前他看起來既放松又自信。此處在句中修飾人，作表語，用relaxed表示“輕松的”。故填relaxed。28．I’dbeenwaitingforthirtyminutesandIwasgetting.(patient)【答案】impatient【詳解】句意：我已經(jīng)等了三十分鐘，越來越不耐煩了。get在這里是連系動詞，后接形容詞。根據(jù)“I’dbeenwaitingforthirtyminutes”可知，等了三十分鐘，所以此處指不耐煩了，impatient“不耐煩的”，故填impatient。四、完成句子29．Dannydidsomeexercisesyesterday.（改為否定句）Dannyanyexercisesyesterday.【答案】didn’tdo【詳解】句意：Danny昨天做了一些練習(xí)。根據(jù)“did...yesterday”可知變否定句時借助didn’t，后加動詞原形do“做”。故填didn’t；do。30．TheGradeEightstudentsareplantingtreesoverthere.（改為一般疑問句）theGradeEightStudentstreesoverthere?【答案】Areplanting【詳解】句意：八年級的學(xué)生正在那邊種樹?？疾橐话阋蓡柧?，此時若原句中有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞，應(yīng)直接放于句首。根據(jù)“areplanting”可知，此時第一空應(yīng)填are，其首字母a要大寫，第二空應(yīng)填planting。故填A(yù)re；planting。31．WemustthankJenny.ShehelpedoursonwithhisEnglish.(保持句意不變)WemustthankJennyoursonwithhisEnglish.【答案】forhelping【詳解】句意：我們必須感謝珍妮。她幫助我們的兒子學(xué)習(xí)英語。此處可表達(dá)為“因為幫助我們兒子學(xué)習(xí)英語而感謝珍妮”，用結(jié)構(gòu)thanksb.fordoingsth.，help的動名詞為helping。故填for；helping。32．Samwassotiredthathecouldn’tcontinuedrivingthecar.（保持句意不變）Samwastiredcontinuedrivingthecar.【答案】tooto【詳解】句意：薩姆太累了，不能繼續(xù)開車了。原句是so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成too...to...的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太累了而不能繼續(xù)開車”，故填too，to。33．is,our,city,thanbefore,beautiful,more,much(連詞成句).【答案】Ourcityismuchmorebeautifulthanbefore【詳解】根據(jù)所給標(biāo)點可知，應(yīng)用陳述句形式，分析所給單詞，ourcity作主語，is作謂語，morebeautiful作表語，此時形容詞比較級前可以用much修飾，表程度，即為muchmorebeautiful，thanbefore應(yīng)放于比較級之后。故填Ourcityismuchmorebeautifulthanbefore“我們的城市比以前漂亮多了”。五、閱讀理解Imaginethatthebatteryonyourmobilephonehasrunout.Youcan’tmakeanycallsforhelpandnoonecancontactyou.Youareallalone,andwell,notquite.Justreachintoyourpocketandtakeoutapieceofsugar.Putitintothebattery,waitaminuteandyouarebackonthephone.ThankstoacoupleofAmericanscientists,thissituationcouldbecomereal.SwadeshChaudhuriandDerekLovelyhaveinventedthe“bacteria(細(xì)菌)battery”.Thiskindofbatterygetsitspowerfrombacteriathateatssugarandturnsitintoelectricity.“Thisisaspecialorganism(有機(jī)體),”Lovelysaid.“Youcangetenoughelectricitytopoweracellphonebatteryforaboutfourdaysfromaspoonfulofsugar.”Inthepast,bacteriabatterieshavebeenexpensiveandnotlong-lasting.Butthisbatteryusesamoreefficientbacteriumthatcanturn80percentofsugarintoelectricalenergy.Thisis30percentmorethansimilarbatteriescanmanage.Thebacteriabatterycouldbecomeassmallasahouseholdbattery.Itisalsocheapandstable(穩(wěn)定的),becausesugarcanbetakenfromwasteandcrops.Butthesugar-to-electricityprocessisnotsatisfactoryasitcouldtakeweeksforthebacteriatochangeacupofsugarintoelectricity.Anditproduces“greenhouse”gaseswhichpollutetheenvironment.Thescientistsunderstandthereisalotmoreworktobedone.“Itisstillyoung.”saidLovely.“Wherewearenowiswheresolarpowerwas20or30yearsago.”Healsobelievesthebatterywillbeusedinscientificequipmentatthebottomoftheocean.Ocherideasincludeusingsugarinthebloodtorunmedicaldevicesinthehumanbodyandtakingsugarfromanimalwastetoprovideenergytopowerhomesinrural(鄉(xiāng)村的)areas.34．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aneffectivewaytorepairthemobilephone. B．Ascientificinventionofanewtypeofbattery.C．Acleanenergytoreducethecarbondioxide. D．Anewkindofmobilephoneanditsfuture.35．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthenewly-developedbattery?A．Convenient. B．Stable C．Inexpensive. D．Quick36．Whichofthefollowingarethescientistsworkingontoimprovethenewbattery?A．Increasethebacteria. B．Solvethepollutionproblem.C．Bringdowntheprice. D．Changethesizeofthebattery.37．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceactuallymean?A．Thebacteriabatterysharessomesimilaritieswithsolarenergy.B．Scientistswillcontinuetheirworkuntiltheyfindsolarpower.C．Thereisstillmuchroomfortheimprovementofthebacteriabattery.D．Thebacteriabatterywillbeaspopularassolarpowerintwentyorthirtyyears.38．Accordingtothelastparagraph,whowillfindthebacteriabatterylessuseful?A．Divers. B．Farmers. C．Doctors. D．Architects.【答案】34．B35．D36．B37．C38．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講了一種新發(fā)明“細(xì)菌電池”，這種電池的能量從吃糖的細(xì)菌中獲取并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，并具體介紹了這種電池的優(yōu)缺點。34．主旨大意題。通讀全文，主要講了SwadeshChaudhuri和DerekLovely發(fā)明了一種新型“細(xì)菌電池”，這種電池的能量從吃糖的細(xì)菌中獲取并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，并具體介紹了這種電池的優(yōu)缺點。故選B。35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thebacteriabatterycouldbecomeassmallasahouseholdbattery.Itisalsocheapandstable”可知，這種電池便利，便宜且穩(wěn)定；通過第六段“Butthesugar-to-electricityprocessisnotsatisfactory”，可知糖電轉(zhuǎn)換過程很慢。故選D。36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“itcouldtakeweeksforthebacteriatochangeacupofsugarintoelectricity.Anditproduces“greenhouse”gaseswhichpollutetheenvironment.”可知，糖電轉(zhuǎn)換過程很慢以及產(chǎn)生污染環(huán)境的“溫室”氣體，因此可推知，B選項“解決污染問題?！睉?yīng)是科學(xué)家們致力于提高的方面。故選B。37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wherewearenowiswheresolarpowerwas20or30yearsago.”可知，此處說我們現(xiàn)在的情況是20年或30年前太陽能的情況，太陽能技術(shù)在二三十年前也是效率不高并且弊端很多，而現(xiàn)在太陽能技術(shù)已經(jīng)很普及了，說明這種新型電池有很大的提升空間。故選C。38．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，電池將用于海底的科學(xué)設(shè)備，其他的想法包括使用血液中的糖來運行人體內(nèi)的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，以及從動物提取糖，為農(nóng)村地區(qū)的家庭提供能源。通過選項可知，潛水員，農(nóng)民和醫(yī)生都會用上這種電池；而建筑師有可能認(rèn)為電池沒那么有用。故選D。六、完形填空Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語完成短文)Whatdoyouthinkofwhensomeonesaysthewordinventor?Maybeyouthinkofawomandressinginawhitecoat,surrounded(被……圍繞)bytesttubesandworking39intothenight.Perhapsyouthinkofagray-haireddoctormakingstrangemachines.Whateveryouthinkof,thetruthisthatinventorsarejustrealpeople.Theycomefromallwalksoflife(各行各業(yè)),andfromallovertheworld.Theyareofallages.Somemight40beyoungerthanyou!BrandonWhalewaseightyearsoldwhenheknewthePaceMate,whichhelpspeoplewhohavepacemakers(心臟起搏器)fortheirhearts,likeBrandon’smother.Whenpatientsare41,theycansenddataabouttheirheartthroughanelectronicbracelet(手鐲)todoctorsinthehospitalwithoutsteppingoutofthedoor.However,thisbraceletwastoobigforhismother,soBrandonfoundawaytomakeitsmallerandmoreconductive(更具導(dǎo)電性),soitcouldsendinformationbetter.Justlikeotherinventors,BrandonWhalesawaneedandfoundout42tofillit.Thatisexactlywhatinventingis.Someoneworksoutaproblembyputtingthingstogetherinawholenewway.Inventingisnotnew.Itispartofbeinghuman.Infact,humanshaveusedtoolsthey43forthousandsofyears.Itisunlikelythatpeoplewilleverstopinventing.Frommakingthefirstwheelandusingfiretocreatingfuel-cellcarsandvisitingspace,thereseemstobeno44tohumancreatively.39．A．hardly B．late C．happily D．later40．A．still B．a(chǎn)lso C．probably D．even41．A．inhospital B．a(chǎn)thome C．inthestreet D．inthestore42．A．how B．what C．whether D．when43．A．kept B．collected C．invented D．expected44．A．need B．end C．time D．way【答案】39．B40．D41．B42．A43．C44．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了擅長發(fā)明的人是怎么發(fā)明出東西的。39．句意：也許你會想到一個穿著白大褂的女人，被試管包圍，工作到深夜。hardly幾乎不；late晚；happily開心地；later后來。根據(jù)前文“Whatdoyouthinkofwhensomeonesaysthewordinventor?”可知，一想到發(fā)明家，可能會想到一個人被試管包圍，工作到很晚，故選B。40．句意：有些人甚至可能比你還年輕！still仍然；also也；probably可能；even甚至。根據(jù)“Somemight...beyoungerthanyou!”結(jié)合感嘆語氣可知，有些發(fā)明家甚至非常年輕，故選D。41．句意：當(dāng)患者在家時，他們無需出門就可以通過電子手環(huán)將心臟數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生。inhospital住院；athome在家；inthestreet在街上；inthestore在店里。根據(jù)“withoutsteppingoutofthedoor.”可知，指的是待在家里，故選B。42．句意：就像其他發(fā)明家一樣，布蘭登·威爾看到了需求，并找到了滿足需求的方法。how如何；what什么；whether是否；when什么時候。根據(jù)“Justlikeotherinventors,BrandonWhalesawaneedandfoundout...tofillit.”可知，這個人找到了如何如何滿足這個需求的方法，應(yīng)用how+動詞不定式作foundout的賓語，故選A。43．句意：事實上，人類已經(jīng)使用他們發(fā)明的工具幾千年了。kept保持；collected收集；invented發(fā)明；expected期待。根據(jù)“Infact,humanshaveusedtoolsthey...forthousandsofyears”可知，人們使用的是人們自己發(fā)明的工具，故選C。44．句意：從制造第一個輪子、使用火到制造燃料電池汽車、訪問太空，人類的創(chuàng)造力似乎永無止境。need需要；end結(jié)束；time時間；way方式。根據(jù)“tohumancreatively”可知，人類的創(chuàng)造力永無止境。故選B。七、短文填空請根據(jù)下文中所給的首字母寫出空格所缺的單詞，使文章通順合理并符合語法要求。在填寫答題卷時，要求寫出完整單詞。（每空只寫一詞）Today,manyinventionscanbebetterknown.Let’shavealookatsomeofthem.TVBikeAscientistconnectstheTVtoabikesothattheTVcangettheelectricitybyridingthebike.IfthechildrenwanttowatchTVforalongertime,theyhavetorideveryhardi45ofsittingonthesofa.FloatingBikeCanyouimagineabicyclecrossingrivers?Ifyouwanttocrossariver,first,inflate(充氣)ahugeplasticballallaroundthebike.Thenyoucane46theballandridethebikeinsidetheballtomoveforward.FireRechargerAfirerechargercanproduceelectricityfromtheheatoffire.Thismeansifyouhavet47findingaplacetocharge(充電)yourmobilephoneinthewild,youcanuseasmallfiretodothat.DigGogglesUnderwatercamerasareoftensoe48.ButnowapairofcheapDigGogglescanhelpyoudothat.Theyarespecialglassesfortakingphotoswhenswimming.Openandcloseyoureyestwiceandthenyouwills49intakingphotoseasilyunderwater.【答案】45．(i)nstead46．(e)nter47．(t)rouble48．(e)xpensive49．(s)ucceed【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了一些實用的發(fā)明。45．句意：如果孩子們想看更長時間的電視，他們必須非常努力地騎，而不是坐在沙發(fā)上。根據(jù)“AscientistconnectstheTVtoabikesothattheTVcangettheelectricitybyridingthebike.”可知電視可以通過騎自行車獲得電量，據(jù)此判斷如果孩子想多看會電視，他們必須努力地騎自行車而不是坐在沙發(fā)上，insteadof意為“而不是”。故填(i)nstead。46．句意：然后你可以進(jìn)入球內(nèi)，騎自行車在球內(nèi)向前移動。根據(jù)“ridethebikeinsidetheballtomoveforward.”可知，應(yīng)該是進(jìn)入球內(nèi)，enter意為“進(jìn)入”；情態(tài)動詞can后跟動詞原形。故填(e)nter。47．句意：這意味著，如果你在野外找不到充電的地方，你可以用小火來充電。根據(jù)“Afirerechargercanproduceelectricityfromtheheatoffire.”可知消防充電器可以利用火的熱量發(fā)電，據(jù)此判斷如果在野外充電有困難，可以使用小火去充電，havetroubleindoingsth.意為“做某事有困難”。故填(t)rouble。48．句意：水下攝像機(jī)通常非常昂貴。根據(jù)“ButnowapairofcheapDigGogglescanhelpyoudothat.”可知現(xiàn)在便宜的DigGoggles可以幫你做到這一點，據(jù)此判斷水下攝像機(jī)通常非常昂貴，expensive意為“昂貴的”，形容詞，作表語。故填(e)xpensive。49．句意：睜開和閉上眼睛兩次，你就能在水下輕松拍照。根據(jù)“Theyarespecialglassesfortakingphotoswhenswimming.”以及空后的“takingphotoseasilyunderwater.”可知，應(yīng)該是成功地在水下拍照，succeedindoingsth.意為“成功做某事”。故填(s)ucceed。八、任務(wù)型閱讀【語篇來自二十一世紀(jì)學(xué)生英文報·試題原創(chuàng)】NewtechwillchangeourfutureWitheveryyearthatpasses,anewtechnologycomesalongtoimproveourlivesandchangethewaywedothings.ScientificAmericanhaschosen10emerging(新興的)technologies.Someofthemmightbethe“nextbigthing”.Let’shavealookatthreeofthem.Quantumsensors量子傳感器Everythingintheuniversehassomeamountofgravity(引力)—evenyou.Andnow,scientistsaredesigningsensorsthatcanfindthesetinygravitationalfields(引力場)anddetect(探測)thingsmoreaccurately(精確地)andsafely.Thesequantumsensors,asthey’recalled,canpickuptinychangesingravitational,electric,andmagnetic(磁的)fields.Theyaremoreaccuratethanothersensors,astheycandetectchangesattheatomic(原子的)level.Forexample,theycanbeusedtodetectcables(電纜)undergroundwithoutdiggingforthem.Theycouldalsobeusedtodetectearthquakesbeforetheyhappenorevenkeeptrackofsomeone’sbrainactivity.Virtualpatient虛擬患者Ithasoftenbeenpointedoutthatcomputersandrobotsmightonedaytaketheplaceofhumandoctors.Butwhatifcomputerswereusedtoreplacepatientsinstead?Thisiscalled“in-silico(電子模擬的)medicine”—testingmedicineandtreatmentmethods(療法)onvirtualorgans(器官)orevenfullbodiesproduced(制造)bycomputers.Theremightbeagreatriskwhentestingnewdrugsortreatmentsonlivepatients—aswellasgreatcost.Butwithvirtualpatients,wecantestthesethingsmorecheaplyandwithoutriskinganyone’slife.Greenhydrogen綠色氫Whenweburnhydrogenforenergy,theonlyby-product(副產(chǎn)品)iswater.It’ssafefortheenvironment.Butweneedfossilfuels(化石燃料)toproducehydrogen,whichisbadfortheenvironment.Luckily,wenowhave“green”hydrogen.Greenhydrogenisproducedbyusingmachinestosplit(分開)waterintoitstwomostbasicelements(元素)—hydrogenandoxygen(氧氣).Inthepast,thisprocess(過程)usedtoomuchelectricity.Butnow,wehavemoreefficient(有效率的)machines.【回答問題】50．Whatcanquantumsensorsdo?51．Whyarequantumsensorsmoreaccuratethanothersensors?52．Whatcanquantumsensorsbeusedto?53．Whatisin-silicomedicine?54．Whatistheby-productwhenweburnhydrogenforenergy?【答案】50．Theycanpickuptinychangesingravitational,electric,andmagneticfields.51．Becausetheycandetectchangesattheatomiclevel.52．Theycanbeusedtodetectcablesunderground,detectearthquakesandkeeptrackofsomeone’sbrainactivity.53．Itistotestmedicineandtreatmentmethodsonvirtualorgansorevenfullbodiesproducedbycomputers.54．Water.【導(dǎo)語】本篇是一篇說明文。文章介紹了選自《科學(xué)美國人》的三種新科技，分別是量子傳感器、虛擬病人和綠色氫氣。50．根據(jù)“Thesequantumsensors,asthey’recalled,canpickuptinychangesingravitational,electric,andmagneticfields.”可知，量子傳感器能夠檢測到引力場、電場和磁場的微小變化。故填Theycanpickuptinychangesingravitational,electric,andmagneticfields.51．根據(jù)“Theyaremoreaccuratethanothersensors,astheycandetectchangesattheatomiclevel.”可知，量子傳感器比其他傳感器更精確是因為它們可以檢測原子級別的變化。故填Becausetheycandetectchangesattheatomiclevel.52．根據(jù)第四段的描述可知，量子傳感器可以用來探測地下電纜，探測地震和跟蹤某人的大腦活動。故填Theycanbeusedtodetect