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北京市2018年中考英語試卷一、單項填空1.MybrotherandIlikefootball.playittogetheronceaweek.A.I B.They C.We D.You2.Happybirthday,Peter!Here'sagiftyou.A.for B.in C.with D.from3.—doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?—Bybike.A.When B.How C.Where D.Why4.Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A.though B.if C.while D.because5.Igonow,orI'llmissmytrain.A.can B.might C.must D.could6.Tonyisofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.young B.younger C.youngest D.theyoungest7.Billlikesreading.Hepicturebookswithhisdadeveryevening.A.read B.reads C.isreading D.hasread8.—Paul,whatwereyoudoingatnineLastnight?—Iamovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A.waswatching B.watch C.havewatched D.willwatch9.Davidisatennisplayer.Hetoplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.A.begins B.willbegin C.began D.hasbegun10.—Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?—Yes,heis.Hehistoryfornearly20years.A.teaches B.hastaught C.isteaching D.willteach11.Anewinternationalairportinthecitynextyear.A.completes B.iscompletedC.willcomplete D.willbecompleted12.—Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?—Sure.LastSunday.A.whenMr.Smithleft B.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.Smithleave D.whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空13.閱讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。
RealSolutions(解決方法)toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.ThemanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblemsOneday,theteamwascalledfora(1)inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious(2).Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fullofflatballoonsThemanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的)balloons(3)sothattheballoonswouldn'tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas(4).Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure(壓力).Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere(5)outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere(6)andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon.Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto(7)therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel,theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoons(8)thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.(1)A.game B.show C.concert D.patry(2)A.purposes B.suggestions C.thoughts D.plans(3)A.quietly B.carefully C.secretly D.clearly(4)A.honest B.ready C.patient D.succeesful(5)A.checked B.helped C.ruled D.cleaned(6)A.collected B.weighed C.tied D.cleaned(7)A.mark B.hide C.number D.find(8)A.freed B.reached C.lifted D.hit三、閱讀理解14.閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項:Hi,there!Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan.mycousin,cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift,weplayedgames,sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?:Yes.Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,wewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere.Thenwevisitedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.:Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference(會議)oncharity(慈善)lastWednesday.Iwasexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.:Itwasadifferentweekthanusual.LastThursday,myschoolband(樂隊)wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFridaywewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!(1)WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?A.LastWednesday B.lastthursdayC.LastFriday D.LastSaturday.(2)Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?A.Alan. B.Jessica C.Sara D.Richard.(3)MartinwenttoAtlantaA.speakataconference B.organizeapartyC.performinacompetition D.visitauniversity15.閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。
ABeautifulMoment
WhenIwasinhighschool.Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamatket.Oneday,asIwaspreparingthefruits.Alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold,andthegirl.fiveorsix.Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench),"They'regood!"IknewitwasFrench.BecauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem.ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn'ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.thisiswhatIregrettothisday.(1)Thewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuy.A.fruits B.vegetables C.candies D.toys(2)Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn't.A.speak B.see C.smell D.hear(3)Thewriterwasmovedbecause.A.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems.B.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC.themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD.thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmother16.閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。
Someprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(關聯)withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(認知功能).ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接觸)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildren'saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers.“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure.”SaysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy,“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand'sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment,italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.(1)Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.A.howthestudywasperformed B.whatwasrecordedinthestudyC.howlongthestudylasted D.whotookpartinthestudy(2)Theword“prompt”inparagraph6probablymeans““.A.control B.encourage C.balance D.change(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.B.Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.C.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain.D.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.17.閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。
Weoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there'salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon'tseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽視)it,Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso.Butbecausewerealizeit'sforourowngood.Happypeopledon'tjustacceptchange;theyembrace(擁抱)it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn'thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody'sfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe'rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.(1)ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthat.A.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepain.B.weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeet.C.lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongway.D.lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns.(2)WhatisthekeytosolvingJane'sproblem?A.Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.B.Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.C.Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.(3)Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A.theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselves.B.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothat.C.welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetter.D.enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimpler.(4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Isitimportanttotakethingslight?B.Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?C.Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?D.Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、任務型閱讀18.閱讀短文,根據短文內容,回答問題。
Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.Theword“fail”happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefact”.SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactory”,orIgradefor“incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:A:95-100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed)E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據)toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon'tfullyreflect(反映)studentlearning.However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren'tgoingawayanytimesoon.(1)WhatdoesanFstandforintheA、B、C、DandFgradingsystem?(2)WhenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?(3)WhatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?(4)Whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?(5)Whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?五、書面表達。從下面兩個題目中任選一題,根據中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50詞的文段寫作,文中已給出內容不計入總數.所給提示詞語僅供選用,請不要寫出你的校名和姓名。19.題目一:
假如你是李華,你們學校要舉辦一場關于京劇的講座,你打算邀請你們班交換生Peter參加,請用英語寫一封電子郵件,告訴他講座時間和地點以及需要做什么準備。提示詞語:lecture(講座),invite,information,question,online提示問題:Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?Dearpeter,Howisitgoing?There'llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHuaWhatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforit?20.題目二:
“靜以修身,儉以養(yǎng)德”,勤儉節(jié)約是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德,無論生活富足與否,我們都應該提倡節(jié)儉,拒絕浪費。某英文網站在開展以“節(jié)約是美德”為主題的征文活動,假如你是李華,請用英語寫一篇短文投稿.談談生活中你是怎么做的,以這樣做的意義。提示詞語:thrifty(節(jié)約的).save.turnoff.money.virtue(美德)提示問題:·Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife?It'soneofourtraditionalvirtuestobethrifty.Whydoyoudoso?
答案解析部分1.【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意:我哥哥和我喜歡足球。我們一起每周玩一次。A.I我,B.They他們,C.We我們,D.You你們·。人稱代詞指代的是我和我哥哥,故應為We我們,故選C。
【點評】考查人稱代詞辨析,注意理解句意,根據句意選擇合適的代詞。2.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:生日快樂,彼得!這是給你的禮物。A給……;為……,B在……里,C和……;用……;隨著……,D從……,來自……。送給某人的禮物,用介詞for,故選A。
【點評】本題考查介詞辨析,注意理解句意。3.【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:——瑪麗你通常如何去上學?——騎車。根據答句中Bybike可知問句是在問交通方式,應使用how,故選B。
【點評】本題考查特殊疑問詞辨析。4.【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意:許多人喜歡熊貓因為他們很可愛。根據likepanda和theyarecute,可知喜歡熊貓,是因為熊貓可愛,兩者是因果關系,用表示原因的because,故選D。
【點評】本題考查連詞辨析,注意理解句意,理清兩個句子之間的關系。5.【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意:我現在必須走了,否則就趕不上火車了。A.can能夠、B.might可能、C.must必須、D.could能夠,根據I'llmissmytrain.可知必須要走,否則會趕不上火車,故選C.
【點評】本題考查情態(tài)動詞辨析,注意理解句意和情態(tài)動詞的詞義,根據語境選擇合適的動詞。6.【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意:Tom是三個孩子中最小的,但是他是最高的。根據題干中的ofthethreeboys,三者或三者以上應使用最高級,形容詞最高級應使用the,故選D。
【點評】本題考查形容詞最高級,注意最高級的用法。7.【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:比爾喜歡閱讀。他每天晚上和爸爸一起讀圖畫書。根據句中的時間狀語everyevening可知表示經常性的、習慣性的動作,應選擇一般現在時態(tài)。再根據主語He可知動詞應該用第三人稱単數,故選B?!军c評】本題考查時態(tài)中的一般現在時態(tài)。8.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:——Paul,昨天晚上九點鐘你在做什么?——我正在和朋友們一起在電影院看電影。根據句中的時間狀語atninelastnight昨晚九點,可知是過去的時間。表示在過去某個時刻做的事情使用過去進行時態(tài),was/were+現在分詞,故選A。
【點評】考查過去進行時態(tài),注意過去進行時的用法和結構。9.【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意:戴維是一個網球運動員,當他六歲的時候他開始打網球。根據句中的時間狀語從句whenhewassixyearsold可知,該動作是在過去做的,應選擇一般過去時態(tài),動詞用過去式,故選C。
【點評】考查一般過去時態(tài)。10.【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:——露西,你叔叔是老師嗎?——是的,他是。他教歷史將近20年了。根據句中的時間狀語fornearly20years,可知,表示持續(xù)一段時間的動作,用現在完成時,have/has+過去分詞。主語是he,用has,故選B.
【點評】考查現在完成時,注意其常與for+一段時間連用。11.【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意:在城市,一個新國際機場將在明年完工。根據時間nextyear可知應為一般將來時態(tài),will+動詞原形,主語是Anewinternationalairport“一座新的國際機場”,謂語動詞為complete譯為“完成”?!睓C場”是被完成,應使用被動語態(tài),一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結構是willbedone,故選D。
【點評】本題考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài),注意被動語態(tài)的用法。12.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:——愛麗絲,你能告訴我史密斯先生什么時候離開倫敦的嗎?——當然,上個周日。tellsb+從句,告訴某人某事,此處從句做賓語,使用陳述語序。根據句中的lastSunday可知,句子為一般過去時態(tài),故選A。
【點評】本題考查賓語從句的陳述句序和時態(tài)。13.【答案】(1)A;(2)C;(3)B;(4)D;(5)C;(6)A;(7)D;(8)B【解析】【分析】文章大意:在一家公司里30名年輕的工程師是個團隊,他們渴望學習。管理希望教給他們解決問題的正真辦法,有一天就組織他們進行了一場游戲,通過游戲使他們明白相互幫助、分享才是解決問題的正真方法。
(1)句意:一天,這個團隊被叫來在一個大廳做游戲。本題考查名詞。根據后文第四段第一句Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswereoutofthegame.。最后一詞game。根據文章語境判斷,可知是完成游戲,故選A。
(2)句意:他們十分吃驚,各自懷揣著不同的目的。A.purposes目的;B.suggestions建議;Cthoughts想法;Dplans計劃。結合前面“surprised”一詞得知他們并不清楚接下來做什么,可知應為各有各的想法,故選C。
(3)然后他們各自被要求把自己的名字小心地寫在各自的氣球上,以便于氣球不會破。掉本題考查副詞。A.quietly安靜地;B.carefully小心地;C.secretly秘密地;D.clearly清晰地。結合文章語境判斷,只有小心地寫才不會讓氣球破掉,故選B。
(4)句意:每個人都嘗試過了,但是不是每個人都_成功。本題考查形容詞。A.honest誠實的;B.ready準備好的;C.patient耐心的;D.successful成功的。根據文章語境“but",每個人都嘗試過了,但是不是每個人都成功了,并且緊接著下一段開頭寫“thosewhotailed”,譯為“那些失敗的人”,也能和本題呼應,故選D。
(5)句意:那些沒有吧他們名字成功寫在氣球上的人被罰出游戲。本題考查動詞。本句譯為空后有out,因此本題考查動詞+介詞的固定搭配,A.checkedout查明,結賬;B.helpedout幫助某人走出;C.ruledout把排除在外;D.cleanedout清除。根據文章語境判斷,可知應為按照規(guī)則排除,故選C。
(6)句意:所有帶著名字的氣球被收集起來,然后放在一個房間里。本題考查動詞。A.collected收集;B.weighed稱重;C.tied系,拴;D.cleaned打掃。根據文章語境判斷,氣球應當被收集起來,故選A。
(7)句意:快15分鐘了,但是沒有人能夠找到正確的那個(氣球)。本題考查動詞。A.mark標記;B.hide躲藏;C.number數出、計算;D.find找到。前文Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush中的searchfor尋找,可知應為找到,故選D。
(8)句意:幾分鐘之內,所有的氣球都到了各自的工程師手中。本題考查動詞。A.freed解放;B.reached到達;C.lifted提升;D.hit擊打。根據前二句heengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon工程師們被要求去撿起氣并把它給到交到氣球上寫的名字一致的人手上??芍獞獮榈搅耍蔬xB。
【點評】考查完形填空,首先通讀一遍文章,跳過缺失的單詞,再根據上下文來判斷所缺單詞的含義,最后對選項進行區(qū)別,選出正確的那一項。14.【答案】(1)D(2)B(3)C【解析】【分析】文章大意:這是四個學生的聊天信息,主要講述了上周他們主要做了些什么。
(1)本題考查細節(jié)題。根據題目中的關鍵信息“WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty",定位至文章第一段Roger以及本段第一行“Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.”,故答案選D。
(2)本題考查細節(jié)題。定位到第二段第一行,“Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.”可知Jessica上周有學校旅行,故答案選B。
(3)本題考查細節(jié)題。根據題目中的關鍵信息“MartinwenttoAtlanta”,可定位到文章第四段Martin以及本段第二行“MyschoolbandwenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.”,故答案選C。
【點評】本題為記敘性的閱讀理解題,細節(jié)理解題需要在文中找出對應語句加以分析。15.【答案】(1)A(2)B(3)D【解析】【分析】文章大意:我在上中學的時候在市場幫助爸爸賣水果的期間,遇到母子三人,媽媽是一位盲人,她的兒子和女兒幫助她挑選水果。他們臉上帶著微笑,這時我意識到大多數這個年齡的孩子只知道吃零食玩玩具,不會幫助父母,而這對兄妹卻耐心地幫助他們的媽媽。
(1)本題考查細節(jié)題。根據題目中的關鍵信息1Thewomanandherkidscametothemarkettobuy定位至文章第一段第四句“Theywerelookingatthefruitsinfrontofme.”以及句“Thekidsweresmilingwhile故答案選A。
(2)本題考查細節(jié)題。根據題目中的關鍵信息“Accordingtowhathesaw”定位至文章第二段最后一句“PuttingwhatIsaw13together,Iwassureshewasblind.”可知作者認為這位母親是盲人,所以作者很確定她看不見,故答案選B。
(3)本題考查細節(jié)題。根據題目中的關鍵信息“Thewriterwasmoved”可定位到文章倒數第二段前兩句“Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.”所以令作者感動的是這兩個孩子非常愿意幫助他們的母親,故答案選D。
【點評】本題為記敘性的閱讀理解,細節(jié)理解題要以一定的詞匯量為前提,在閱讀文章的基礎上,找出對應的句子做出正確的答案。16.【答案】(1)A(2)B(3)D【解析】【分析】文章大意:一些小學生在家里長大,周圍有更多的綠地。他們可能會在大腦的某些區(qū)域產生大量的白色和灰色物質。這些差異與認知功能的有益影響相關(STOP)。這是巴塞羅那全球健康研究所領導的一項研究的主要結論。
(1)本題考查段落主旨題。根據題干內容定位到文章第二段,文中依次使用“perform”,“record”,“study",“use”,“grade”等動詞,說明文章都是在解釋這項研究是如何開展的,故答案選A。
(2)本題考查猜詞題。猜詞題需結合待猜詞的前后文信息做出推斷。結合待猜詞所在句的后面一句話“Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.”中相關信息:這些練習“反過來(inturn)”會對大腦發(fā)育產生”積極影響(positivelyinfluence)”,可推知“綠色空間”對這些重要活動帶來的應該也是“積極、正面”的影響。據此,再結合ABCD四個選項的正負態(tài)度,可知應為正態(tài)度,故答案選B。
(3)本題考查推斷題。此文開門見山提出“處于綠化環(huán)境對孩子的認知功能會有積極的影響”,并分別從文章第三段、第四段、第五段、第六段以及第七段論證該觀點。選項D“居住在綠化更好的社區(qū)有助于孩子們大腦的發(fā)育”符合大意,故正確答案為D。
【點評】本題為說明性的閱讀理解題,詞義猜測題在理解全文的基礎上快速找出對應的句子進行分析,做出正確答案,推理判斷題需要對句子加以理解,從常理等方面去加以推測。17.【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)C(4)D【解析】【分析】文章大意:我們應該為可以幫助我們自我提升的改變做好準備。
(1)本題考查推斷題。根據題目中的關鍵信息“thethreequestionsinparagraph2”,定位至文章第二段。作者通過提出的三個問題,在本段最后一句得出結論:"Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult."譯為當事情變得糟糕和困難時,我們看到警告標志和信號。本句與選項A“當我們經歷苦難的時候,我們可以得到教訓”相符合,故答案選A。
(2)本題考查推斷題。根據題目中的關鍵信息“Jane'sproblem”定位到文章第六段,通過本段可知Jane的問題是她沒有勇氣在生活中面對人群,并且生活在自己的故事里。所以解決Jane問題的關鍵是她要意識到她并不是故事里的樣子,與選項C相符,故答案選C。
(3)本題考查推斷題。選項A譯為“世界告訴我們如何提升自己”與原文作者觀點不相符;選項B譯為“當人們發(fā)現事情很容易糕時,人們會改變”,與原文“當事情變得最糟糕時,不相符;選項C譯為“迎接生活中的改變是變得更好的驅動'與原文主旨“當人們主動改變,會讓自己得到提升”相符合;選項D享受自我提升的過程使生活變得更加簡單”與原文最后一句提升使事情變得容易,使我們更開心”不相符,故答案選C。
(4)本題考查主旨題。文章通過第一段的現象描述和第二段的提問,引出主旨“我們應該為可以幫助我們自我提升的改變做好準備”;文章第三、四、五和六段談論了樂觀的人擁抱改變而另一些人們由于害怕改變而逃避改變;文章第七段重申全文觀點,故答案選D。
【點評】對于推斷題和主旨大意題,不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思,更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義,和作者所給的提示。同時要對文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測和推論。18.【答案】(1)Itstandsfor“fail”.(2)In1897.(3)TeacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent".(4)thoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.(5)Becausethelettergradesarefamiliarandeasyforparentstounderstand.【解析】【分析】文章大意:介紹了學校對學生的評價體系是A、B、C、D、F,并解釋了為什么這樣選擇。
(1)本題考查細節(jié)題。定位關鍵詞“F”和“standsfor",到文章第二段第二句AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.故正確答案為Itstandsfor“fail”.
(2)本題考查細節(jié)題。根據第四段二句In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:,故正確答案為In1897.
(3)本題考查細節(jié)題。定位關鍵詞“droppingtheEgrade”和“onepossibleexplanation”,到文章第六段第二句和第三句However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據)toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.正確答案為TeacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent".
(4)本題考查細節(jié)理解。20thcentury到倒數第二段Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.,故正確答案為thoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.
(5).本題考查細節(jié)題。定位關鍵詞thelettergradestoday和manyparents定位到最后一段第三句manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.故正確答案為Becausethelettergradesarefamiliarandeasyforparentstounderstand。
【點評】閱讀回答問題,一般問題設置較為簡單,多數針對文中的細節(jié)理解,答案都能在原文中找出。回答時,應注意不同的問句的回答方式,如一般疑問句回答的時候應使用yes/no;其他問句的回答應根據文中的句子做出簡單詳細的回答。19.【答案】DearPeter,
Howisitgoing?There'llbealectureonPekingoperainourschool.ThePekingoperawillstartat10:00thisFridaymorningintheschoolhall.Iamwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemeaningfullecture.Inthelecture,wecannotonlygetsomeusefulinformationaboutthePekingopera,butalsogetclosetothetraditionalChineseculture,whichcanbenefitusalot.Therearesomesuggestionsforyoutoprepareforit.Firstofall,remembertobethereontime,what'smore,don'tforgettobringacamerawithyou,whichcanrecordthepreciousmoment,lastbutnotle
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