高中英語北師大版選擇性必修四Unit 11 Period 3　Topic Talk Lesson 1-Language Points

Period3TopicTalk&Lesson1—LanguagePointsⅠ.單詞拼寫1．Ihaddifficultyatfirstrecalling(回想)whywewerethere.2．Hecalledthemseveraltimestoinquire(打聽)aboutthejobpossibilities.3．Heprotestedthatthepolicehadarrested(逮捕)himwithoutsufficientevidence.4．I’vepacked(打包)yousomefoodforthejourneysoyouneedn’tbothertobuyit.5．Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.6．I’velearntfrombitter(痛苦的)experiencesnottotrustwhateverhesaysanymore.7．Theirbrainsarescannedsothatresearcherscanmonitortheprogressofthedisease.8．Thepricewassomewhat(有點(diǎn))higherthanI’dexpected，andthat’swhyIgaveitup.9．Aqualifiedteachershouldneverbeprejudiced(有偏見的)againstanyofhisstudents.10．Pleasetellmeyourflightnumberanddeparturetime，sothatIcanseeyouoffattheairport.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空1．ThoughIamalwaysatolerantpersoninmanypeople’sopinion，Ijustcannottoleratestayingwithhimanylonger;hishabitofsmokingisreallybeyondmytolerance.(tolerate)2．Toescapetheracialviolence，theysteppedonasmallboatwhichwasshakingviolentlyinthesea，fleeingawayintoanightwithaviolentstorm.(violent)3．Mygrandmawhousedtobeapleasantoldladyissufferingfromadiseasenow.Topleaseher，wepreparedasurprisepartyforherlastweek，whichmadeherverypleased，sayingwhatapleasureitwastostaywithallofus.(pleased)4．Shemadeanewyearresolutionthatinthecomingyearshewouldtryherbesttoresolvealllifeproblemswithapositiveattitudeandbeamoreresolvedpersonfromthenon.(resolve)5．Itisreallyashamethattheyoungmanmadesuchashamefuldecision，andworsestill，hedidn’tfeelashamedatall.(shame)Ⅲ.完成句子1．她說矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2019年建的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句；現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語)Shesaidthatitwasthehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetthatwasbuiltin2019.2．這么小的房間里有這么多人，以至于現(xiàn)在很擁擠。(so...that...)Therearesomanypeopleinsuchasmallroomthatitiscrowdednow.3．假若你將自己的時(shí)間利用得更好一些，你本可以學(xué)到更多東西的。(if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句)Ifyouhadmadebetteruseofyourtime，youmighthavelearnedmore.4．盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在，但我不同意這些問題不能解決。(while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句)WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems，Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.negotiatevi.&vt.談判，協(xié)商(negotiationn．談判，協(xié)商)·negotiatesth達(dá)成(交易);確立(合同)negotiatewithsb(forsth)(為了……)與某人談判/協(xié)商·undernegotiation在談判中，在協(xié)商中(1)Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparty，butwe’llnevernegotiatewithcriminals.(2)ItissaidthattheconflictbetweenRussiaandUkraineisstillundernegotiation(negotiate)．(3)HestayedinFrancefortwoweeks，negotiatinganagreementwithaFrenchcompany.他在法國待了兩個(gè)星期，與一家法國公司商討了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。annoyvt.使惱怒，使生氣(annoyedadj.惱怒的，生氣的，煩惱的annoyingadj.令人氣惱的，討厭的annoyancen．生氣，惱怒)·beannoyedwithsb生某人的氣beannoyedat/about...因……而煩惱beannoyedtodosth對做某事感到生氣·toone’sannoyance令某人生氣的是(1)Hermostannoying(annoy)habitiseatingwithhereyesfocusedonherphone.(2)Hemustbeannoyedwithmeforrevealingthathecheatedinthecompetition.(3)Itisnowonderthathewasannoyedat/aboutthosebehaviors，whichwerereallyannoying.(4)讓他很氣憤的是，他兒子總是違反校規(guī)。①Whatannoyedhimmuchwasthathissonwasalwaysbreakingtheschoolrules.(annoyv．)②Tohisgreatannoyance，hissonwasalwaysbreakingtheschoolrules.(annoyancen．)③Hewasextremelyannoyedthathissonwasalwaysbreakingtheschoolrules.(annoyedadj.)ashamedadj.內(nèi)疚的，慚愧的[shamen．羞恥(心)；羞愧；遺憾的事shamefuladj.可恥的shamelessadj.無恥的，厚顏的]·be/feelashamedof...因……感到慚愧beashamedtodosth恥于做某事beashamedthat...對……感到羞愧·It’sashamethat...……真讓人遺憾Whatashame！真可惜！(1)Itwasshameful(shame)thatheshouldtreattheoldmaninsucharudeway.(2)Itisashamethat(很遺憾)therearesomanypeoplewhowastetheirtimecarelessly.(3)Hewasashamedofhisstupidmistakeanddarednotcometoseehisteacher.→Ashamedofhisstupidmistake，hedarednotcometoseehisteacher.(形容詞短語作狀語)(4)真遺憾！我所有的努力都白費(fèi)了，我?guī)缀醵枷敕艞壛恕hatashame!AllmyeffortsturnouttobeinvainandIalmostwanttogiveup.voten．投票(指行為)；票數(shù)；選票；表決vt.&vi.投票；選舉·votefor投票支持voteagainst投票反對voteon...就……投票表決votetodosth表決做某事·take/haveavoteon投票表決(1)We’lllistentotheargumentsonbothsidesandthenvoteonthem.(2)Whetheryouvotefororagainsttheplandoesn’tseemtomatterverymuch.(3)Thereweresomedisagreementsaboutthenewplan，sowewillvotetomake(make)thefinaldecision.(4)Aswecan’tagreeonthismatter，let’stake/haveavoteonit.由于在這個(gè)問題上我們無法達(dá)成一致意見，讓我們就此投票表決吧。toleratevt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容許；寬容(tolerancen．容忍；忍受tolerantadj.寬容的)·toleratedoing/todosth容忍做某事·betolerantof容忍；忍受表示“容忍；忍受”的動詞(短語)還有：bear，endure(忍耐)，stand和putupwith等。(1)Noonecantoleratebeingbothered/tobebothered(bother)sofrequentlywithsuchthings.(2)Heisalwaystolerant(tolerate)ofpeople，whichisoneofhismoststrikingstrengths.(3)Weshouldhaveapolicyofzerotolerance(tolerate)fortheproblemoffoodsafety.(4)那些懂得容忍他人的人自然會過上幸福的生活。Thosewhoknowhowtotolerateotherscannaturallyliveahappylife.bothervt.&vi.(使)擔(dān)心，(使)生氣，(使)苦惱n．煩擾；令人煩惱的事或人bothersbwith/aboutsth因某事打擾或麻煩某人bothertodo/doingsth操心做某事Itbotherssbthat/todosth使某人苦惱的是……Don’tbother.不必麻煩。(1)Nowthatyouarenotkeenonthechorus，whybothertoapply/applying(apply)forit?(2)Anyhow，Idon’twanttobothermomwith/aboutmyproblemsatthemoment.(3)Hersondidn’tworkveryhardatschool.Itbotheredhermuch.→Whatbotheredhermuchwasthathersondidn’tworkveryhardatschool.(改成what引導(dǎo)的主語從句)→Itbotheredhermuchthathersondidn’tworkveryhardatschool.(改成it作形式主語)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句教材原句Theflat-ownersaidifhehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer，hewouldn’thaverentedtheflattohim.房主說他如果知道馬明是個(gè)鼓手，就不會把房子租給他。(P30)本句是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句分三種情況：·與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句用過去時(shí)(be動詞用were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形?！づc過去事實(shí)相反，從句用haddone，主句用would/should/could/mighthavedone?！づc將來事實(shí)相反，從句用過去時(shí)(be動詞用were)/weretodo/should＋動詞原形，主句用would/should/might/could＋動詞原形。注意：有時(shí)條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這類句子稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語氣。此時(shí)主從句動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)各自所表示的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。(1)Ifyoukept(keep)yourroomtidy，thenitwouldn’tbothermesolongtocleanit.(2)Ifwehadbooked(book)atableearlier，wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(3)IfIwereyou(如果我是你的話)，Iwouldgivehimsomeencouragementratherthanannoyingscolding.(4)Ifyouhadworkedhardbefore，youwouldhavebeenpromoted(你就會被提拔了)．bedoing...when...教材原句We’dbesittingtherehappilyreadingournewspapers，whensuddenlysomuchwaterwouldcomefromabovethatwe’dbeaswetasifwehadshoweredwithourclotheson!我們本來高興地坐在陽臺看報(bào)紙，突然間很多水從天而降，把我們都給澆濕了，就像穿著衣服洗了個(gè)澡一樣！(P31)本句中的“bedoing...when...”意思是“正在做……就在這時(shí)突然……”；when為并列連詞，意思是“就在這時(shí)(突然)”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime;常用該結(jié)構(gòu)的句型如下：beabouttodo...when...正要做……這時(shí)……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……這時(shí)……bedoing...when...正在做……這時(shí)……h(huán)adjustdone...when...剛做了……這時(shí)……(1)Wehadjustgotintothehelicopterwhenthehungrybeartoredownthefence.(2)手里拿著罐子，我正匆忙上樓梯，突然我的一只赤腳卡在一個(gè)樓梯上。失去了平衡，我努力使自己穩(wěn)定下來，但是沒用。罐子從我的指間滑落，摔在了堅(jiān)硬如巖石的泥地上。我剛要去撿起地上的玻璃碎片，就聽到媽媽的聲音傳來，“發(fā)生了什么？”Withthejarinmyhands,Iwaswalkingupstairsinahurrywhenoneofmybarefeetwascaughtononestair.Losingbalance，Itriedtosteadymyself，butinvain.Thejarslippedthroughmyfingersandsmashedonthehard-as-rockmudfloor.Iwasabouttopickup/wasonthepointofpickingupthepiecesofglassonthefloorwhenIheardmymom’svoice，“What’shappening？”Ⅰ.一詞多義arrestA.逮捕，拘捕B.阻止，抑制C.吸引1．Theyfailedtoarrestthecompany’sdecline.B2．Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomethingnoisyarrestedmyattention.C3．Itissaidthatsomepeoplewerearrestedforspreadingfalseinformation.AresolveA.解決v.B.決定，決心v.C.決心；決定的信念n.4．Lookingatthelist，Ifeltmyresolvebegantoweaken.C5．Thetwosideshaveattemptedtoresolvetheconflictinapeacefulway，butinvain.A6．Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight，tryanmanageableresolutionlike“I’llstophavingdessertforlunch”．BpackA.n.大背包B.v.收拾行李C.v.包裝易損物品D.v.擠進(jìn)，塞進(jìn)E.n.一群動物7．Hepackedabagwithafewthingsandwasoffwithouthesitation.B8．Thepaintingswerecarefullypackedinnewspapertheotherday.C9．Whenwewenttothepicnic，weallpackedtogetherintothecar.D10．Wepassedagroupofwalkersonthetrail，carryinghugepacks.A11．Asweallknow，wolveshuntinginpacksaregreatthreatsofsheep.EⅡ.熟詞生義1．SixofZindel’sbookshavebeenvotedtheBestBooksforYoungAdults.投票評選為2．Asabotanist，hetakesnotesonthepropertiesofanyplantheencountered.特性3．HewasoneofmyremotecousinswhomIhavenevermetbefore.關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)的4．Mosttravelagentsarepreparedtotailortravelarrangementstomeetindividualrequirements.定做5．Walkingaroundthepond，Isawadogstaredatmeandthenedgedalittleclosertome.漸漸移動Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thewolveshavebeenhowlingontheedgeoftheforestforhours.2．Hehasalwaysbeenverykeenondoingphysicalexercisebutneverkeepsit.3．Ican’tthankyoutoomuchbecausewithoutyourhelpIwouldn’thavewonthefirstprize.4．Theyhavereceivednonewsofhimsincehisdeparture(depart)fromtheisland.5．Oneoftheirneighborshaswrittentocomplainof/aboutthesoundofthepiano.6．Youwillneedtocompletethreewrittenassignments(assign)eachsemester.7．Doctorsissuedawarning(warn)againsteatinganyfishcaughtintheriver.8．Weapologiseforthedelayandanyinconvenience(convenient)itmayhavecaused.9．Thetwosideswillnevercompromisewitheachother，soafurtherconflictisunavoidable.10．Whattheywillneverceasedoing(do)istorevealtheunfairnessandprejudiceagainstthepoor.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(takeaction，introuble，haveaninfluenceon，blowout，intheend)1．Thelittleboyshoutingsoloudlyforhelpmustbeintrouble，soIswambacktosavehim.2．Witheconomicdevelopmentandpopulationgrowth，thecitysizegrowslargerandlarger，whichhasabadinfluenceonthefarmland.3．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeactiontostopit.4．Heblewoutthecandleafterhewenttobed.5．Intheend，theconfidentplayerdefeatedtheothersandwonthefinalgame.Ⅲ.單句寫作(應(yīng)用文寫作——送陌生老人去醫(yī)院)1．我跟朋友正走在街上，這時(shí)突然看到一個(gè)老人躺在地上。(bedoing...when...)Iwaswalkinginthestreetwithmyfriendwhenwesawanoldmanlyingontheground.2．遺憾的是，那種情況下竟然沒有人幫他。(Itisashamethat...)Itwasashamethatnobodycametohelphiminthatcase.3．我們對人們表現(xiàn)出的冷漠與無情感到很憤怒。(annoyed)Wewereannoyedatpeople’sindifferenceandcoldness.4．與朋友簡單商議了一下，我們很快就將老人送往了醫(yī)院。(negotiate)Havingbrieflynegotiatedwithmyfriend，werushedhimtohospitalquickly.5．醫(yī)生說如果老人沒被及時(shí)送往醫(yī)院，后果將會很嚴(yán)重。(if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句)Thedoctorsaidthatiftheoldmanhadn’tbeensenttohospitalintime，therewouldhavebeenseriousresults.Ⅳ.閱讀理解Mostpeopleenjoyvariety.Weliketoeatdifferentfoodsfrommealtomeal.Weweardifferentclothes.Weliketotrynewactivitiesandvisitnewplaces.Webecomeboredwhenthereislittlevariety.Nevertheless，there’soneplacewherewetendtodislikevariety，andthat’sineachother.Weoftenfeeluncomfortablewithpeoplewhopractisedifferenthabits，orholdbeliefsorvaluesthatwedonotshare.Therearereasonsforthis.Whenweareexposedtonewanddifferentthings，ourbrainworksabitharderthanusual.Whenwe’relearning，ournervecellsrequiremoreresources，suchaswater，salt，andvariousotherchemicals.Thisextrametabolic(新陳代謝)activitycanfeelunsettlingandunpleasant.Anditcanfeelworseifournervoussystemisalreadyunderpressure，likeinthemidstofthepandemic.Thissortofvariationmaybeuncomfortableforindividuals，butit’scriticaltothesurvivalofanyspecies.Ifallfinches(雀科鳴鳥)wereidentical，forexample，andtheirenvironmentchangedinsomesignificant，harmfulways，likeanincreaseinthetemperatureoradecreaseinwater，allofthemwouldbeequallyaffectedandthespeciesmightbecomeextinct.ThisinsightintovariationcomesfromCharlesDarwin，andit’sknownaspopulationthinking.MostpeopleassociateDarwinwithhisevolutionarytheoryofnaturalselection，butpopulationthinkingmaybeanevengreaterscientificachievement.Theideaof“survivalofthefittest”impliesthatindividualsmustvary.Somearemoresuitedthanothersforagivenenvironment，makingiteasierforthemtosurvive，grow，andreproduce.Variationisthereforeaprerequisitefornaturalselectiontowork.Dealingwiththevastvarietyofhumankindcanbedemandingandevenannoyingattimes，butit’sagoodinvestment，sortoflikeexerciseforyourbrain.Whenyoumeetsomeonewholooksdifferentorthinksdifferentlyfromyou，treatyourdiscomfortasacuetobecuriousandlearninsteadofasignalofaproblem.Don’tholdtheviewthattheotherpersonshouldbesilenced.Ultimately，thismindsetcanmakeyoumoreflexibleinadaptingtochallengingsituations，andmoreadaptabletochange.語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了為什么我們應(yīng)該與和自己不同的人相處并且給出了原因。1．Whichofthefollowingmightmakepeoplefeeluncomfortable?A．Havinganadventureinthewild.B．Takingatriptoaforeigncountry.C．Sharingtravelingexperienceswithothers.D．Socializingwithpeoplefromdiversecultures.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Weoftenfeeluncomfortablewithpeoplewhopractisedifferenthabits，orholdbeliefsorvaluesthatwedonotshare.”可知，與來自不同文化背景的人交往會讓人感到不舒服。故選D。2．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphfocuson?A．People’sunwillingnesstodealwithnewthings.B．Thesignificanceoflearningnewthingsinourlife.C．Thebiologicalexplanationsforpeople’sdiscomfort.D．Theroleofthenervoussysteminlearningnewthings.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段可知，與來自不同文化背景的人交往會讓人感到不舒服。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Therearereasonsforthis.”可知，本段是對這一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因的解釋。結(jié)合后文說這種額外的代謝活動會讓人感到不安和不愉快。故第二段主要講的是人們感到不舒服的生物學(xué)解釋。故選C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prerequisite”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Requirement. B．Substitute.C．Motivation. D．Challenge.答案A解析詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句的前一句講的是有些物種比其他物種更適合特定的環(huán)境，意味著個(gè)體必須有所不同。因此，變異是自然選擇起作用的先決條件。故猜測畫線單詞prerequisite意為“先決條件，前提條件”。故選A。4．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttoconvey?A．Whywetendtochaseandenjoyvariation.B．Howwecanbenefitfromseekingvariation.C．Howweshouldtreatthedifferenceswefindinothers.D．Whyweshouldgetalongwithpeopledifferentfromus.答案D解析推理判斷題。通讀全文并結(jié)合最后一段可知，與形形色色的人打交道有時(shí)會很費(fèi)力，但也能鍛煉大腦。與和自己不同的人交往，更能適應(yīng)變化。由此推知，作者主要想表達(dá)的是為什么我們應(yīng)該與和自己不同的人相處。故選D。Ⅴ.完形填空Canyourememberthefirsttimeyoureceivedagenerousact?Ican’t，butI1rememberthefirsttimeIunderstoodthemeaningofgenerosity.IwasinGradeFour.Fredwasaboyinmyclasswholivedindifficultconditions.Hisparentscouldn’taffordtobuyhimallthestationary(文具)thatheneeded，andoneofthebasicitemshe2wascoloredpencils.Soeverytimeweneededtousecoloredpencils，F(xiàn)redwould3someofmine.Knowingthis，mymothersaiditmusthavebeenhardforhimtoalways4others.Insteadofdrivinghome，shedrovedirectlytothecloseststationeryshopandhadme5someforFred.ThenextdayIwassenttoschoolwiththesethingsandwastoldtogivethemtoFredin6；Ishouldn’tcauseFredtofeel7，butshouldjustgivethemtohimandtellhimtheywerehisto8.Receivingthese，F(xiàn)redlooked9atfirst，thenhappyandproud.Hehadhisownstationery!Tome，it’sokaytoletFredusemypencils.However，mymomrealizedwhata10itwouldmakeforFredtohavehisown.Generosityis11anopportunitytodosomethingwithinyour12.Besides，it’sneverlimitedtomaterialthings.Thinkingcreativelyandsharing13tohelpothersfindsolutionsarealsoactsofgenerosity.Givesomeoneyourtimeand14bylisteningmindfully.Moreimportantly，itisn’tdoingsomethingtobeseenbutgivingwithno15ofanythinginexchange.語篇解讀這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在四年級的時(shí)候在母親的引導(dǎo)下給予同學(xué)弗雷德文具的善意舉動，這使作者第一次懂得了慷慨的含義。1．A.vaguely B．hardlyC．clearly D．typically答案C解析根據(jù)下文的描述可知，作者清晰地記得第一次懂得慷慨的含義。故選C。2．A.owned B．lostC．mentioned D．lacked答案D解析根據(jù)前文“Hisparentscouldn’taffordtobuyhimallthestationary(文具)thatheneeded”可知，他的家庭買不起他需要的所有文具，所以此處指他缺的東西就是彩色鉛筆。故選D。3．A.borrow B．collectC．show D．exchange答案A解析根據(jù)前文可知，弗雷德家里買不起文具，所以此處指當(dāng)他需要的時(shí)候，他就會借用作者的鉛筆。故選A。4．A.testout B．relyonC．cheerfor D．a(chǎn)ppealto答案B解析根據(jù)前文“everytimeweneededtousecoloredpencils，F(xiàn)redwouldsomeofmine”可知，每次他需要彩色鉛筆時(shí)就會借用作者的，所以此處指依賴他人。故選B。5．A.design B．rememberC．select D．recommend答案C解析結(jié)合前文“shedrovedirectlytothecloseststationeryshop”可知，此處指媽媽讓作者給弗雷德挑一些文具。故選C。6．A.caution B．personC．return D．secret答案D解析根據(jù)下文“Ishouldn’tcauseFredtofeel...”可知，此處指讓作者秘密地給弗雷德，insecret“秘密地，悄悄地”，故選D。7．A.surprised B．confusedC．embarrassed D．disappointed答案C解析根據(jù)下文“justgivethemtohimandtellhimtheywerehis...”可知，這樣做是為了不讓弗雷德感到尷尬。故選C。8．A.present B．keepC．notice D．treasure答案B解析根據(jù)上下文可知，告訴弗雷德這些東西是他的，那么他就可以保留這些文具。故選B。9．A.uncertain B．unawareC．pleasant D．urgent答案A解析結(jié)合語境可知，拿到這些文具是弗雷德沒有預(yù)料到的，所以一開始他覺得不確定。故選A。10．A.fortune B．differenceC．name D．commitment答案B解析makeadifference“有影響，起(重要)作用”，此處指擁有自己的文具對弗雷德是重要的。故選B。11．A.offering B．missingC．bringing D．finding答案D解析根據(jù)下文“anopportunitytodosomething”可知，此處指找到做一些事情的機(jī)會，故選D。12．A.responsibility B．capabilityC．a(chǎn)vailability D．possibility答案B解析根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知，作者的媽媽帶作者到文具店幫弗雷德買文具，這是在作者媽媽能力之內(nèi)的事情。故選B。13．A.wisdom B．benefitC．contribution D．a(chǎn)pproval答案A解析根據(jù)下文“tohelpothersfindsolutions”可知，此處指分享智慧。故選A。14．A.politeness B．permissionC．a(chǎn)ttention D．curiosity答案C解析根據(jù)下文“bylisteningmindfully”可知，傾聽的時(shí)候要投入注意力。故選C。15．A.argument B．hesitationC．doubt D．expectation答案D解析結(jié)合下文“anythinginexchange”可知，此處指慷慨的給予不期望用任何東西作交換。故選D。Ⅵ.語法填空(2023·全國甲卷)Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)1.(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures，andt