北京市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期第一次普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試英語試卷

2024年北京市第一次普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試英語試卷考生須知1.考生要認(rèn)真填寫考場號(hào)和座位序號(hào)。2.本試卷共10頁，四道大題(共100分)。3.試題所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。選擇題必須用2B鉛筆作答;非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。4.考試結(jié)束后，考生應(yīng)將試卷和答題卡按要求放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員收回。一、聽力理解(共25小題;每小題1分，共25分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1分，共20分)聽下面十段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。聽第1段材料，回答第1題。1.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrow?A.Gofishing.B.Goswimming.C.Goboating.聽第2段材料，回答第2題。2.Whatdidthemangetforhisbirthday?A.Abasketball.B.Aphone.C.Awatch.聽第3段材料，回答第3題。3What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Cloudy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.聽第4段材料，回答第4題。4.Whereisthewomangoingonholiday?A.InChina.B.InFrance.C.InBritain.聽第5段材料，回答第5題至第6題。5.Whoisgoingtomeetthemanattheairport?A.Hissister.B.Hisparents.C.Hisfriend.6.Wherewillthewomangofromtheairport?A.Toherhome.B.Toasupermarket.C.Tohermother’soffice.聽第6段材料，回答第7題至第8題。7.Whichsubwaylineshouldthemantake?A.Line1.B.Line2.C.Line4.8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Placinganorder.B.Givingdirections.C.Makinganinvitation.聽第7段材料，回答第9題至第11題。9.Whatfoodwillthespeakershavethisevening?A.Indianfood.B.Chinesefood.C.Thaifood.10.Whenarethespeakersgoingtohavedinner?A.At6:30pm.B.At7pm.C.At8pm.11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.聽第8段材料，回答第12題至第14題。12.What’swrongwiththewoman?A.Shehasafever.B.Shehasaheadache.CShehasarunningnose.13.Howlonghasthewomanbeenlikethat?A.Fortwodays.B.Forthreedays.C.Foraweek.14.Whatwillthewomanprobablydotomorrow?A.Seethedoctor.B.Gotoschool.C.Restathome.聽第9段材料，回答第15題至第17題。15.Whenwillthestudentsleaveforthecampingtrip?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnSaturday.16.Howwillthestudentsgoontheschooltripthistime?A.Bytrain.B.Bybus.C.Byboat.17.Whatdothestudentsneedtobringforthetrip?A.Water.B.Food.C.Shoes.聽第10段材料，回答第18題至第20題。18.Whereisthemangoing?A.Tothelibrary.B.Tothecafe.C.Tohishome.19.Whydoesthemanhaveaparttimejob?A.Tohavefun.B.Toearnmoney.C.Togetexperience.20.What’sthewoman’sadvicetotheman?A.Tomanagehisworkbetter.B.Todealwithhisstudiesfirst.C.Totakefewercoursesnextterm.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，共5分)聽下面一段對(duì)話，根據(jù)題目要求在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上寫下第21題至第25題的關(guān)鍵信息。此段對(duì)話你將聽兩遍。GuitarLessonsTeacher’sname:Alison___21___Timetogivelessons:Every___22___afternoonPlaceforlessons:34PurleyLane,nearthecity___23___Teacher’sphonenumber:___24___Timetocalltheteacher:Tomorrow___25___二、完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。OnebusdriverfortheNorthElementarySchoolcannowaddlifesavertoherexperiencesafterastudentstartedchoking(窒息)onherbuslastmonth.OnSept.29,busdriverRaquelBakerbeganherworkjustlikeanyotherdriversandwasabouttodropoffstudentsattheschoolgatewhensomethingwentwrong.Videofromtheschoolbusshowed7yearoldPrestonputtingsomethinginhis____1____andthendroppingdownbetweentheseats,clearlyin____2____.Itwashardfortheboyto____3____awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin.Baker____4____stoodup,tookholdofhimandranoutofthe____5____.“Onmywaytothesidewalk,IwasactuallyperformingtheHeimlichmaneuver(海姆利克氏操作法),”shesaid.Prestonhardly____6____andBakerdidn’twasteanytimetojumpintoaction.Thewholetimeshewassaying,“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”Prestonwasblueintheface.Bakersawaparentandaskedhertocall911.“AllIcouldthinkofwasIhadto____7____thisboy,”Bakersaid.ShehadneverperformedtheHeimlichbefore,buther____8____onthefirstaidgivenbytheschoolonemonthagoworked.“Iwas____9____atthetime,butIjustcouldn’tbescared,”shesaid.Shedidn’tevenrealizewhenthe____10____flewoutofPreston’smouthuntilPrestonsaid,“MissBaker,I’mOK.Icanbreathe.”Preston’smumwas____11____forBaker’shelp.Theschool’sheadmasterwasalsotouchedand____12____herforherlifesavingwork.“Asoftoday,I’mstillinshock.Ireallycan’tbelievethatthisactuallyhappened.Ididn’treallyrealizewhatabig____13____Ihad,”Bakersaid.UntiltodayBakerstilldoesn’tknowhowshegotthe____14____todowhatshedidthatday,____15____sheknowsthis,“IfIwasn’tthere,otherdriversmayhavedoneitaswell,”Bakersaid.1.A.bag B.bottle C.mouth D.pocket2.A.danger B.peace C.surprise D.silence3.A.write B.say C.spell D.hear4.A.luckily B.formally C.quietly D.quickly5.A.bus B.room C.yard D.school6.A.slept B.breathed C.saw D.listened7.A.find B.feed C.save D.meet8.A.habit B.training C.belief D.ine9.A.nervous B.glad C.disappointed D.curious10.A.eraser B.chalk C.key D.coin11.A.sorry B.sad C.anxious D.thankful12.A.corrected B.changed C.honored D.cured13.A.future B.impact C.dream D.mistake14.A.permit B.right C.method D.courage15.A.or B.so C.but D.for【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.A10.D11.D12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了公交車司機(jī)RaquelBaker救了一名吞食硬幣導(dǎo)致窒息的男孩Preston?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：校車上的視頻顯示，7歲的普雷斯頓把東西放進(jìn)嘴里，然后掉到座位之間，顯然處于危險(xiǎn)之中。A.bag包；B.bottle瓶子；C.mouth嘴巴；D.pocket口袋。根據(jù)后文“awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin”可知，男孩把硬幣放進(jìn)了嘴里。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：校車上的視頻顯示，7歲的普雷斯頓把東西放進(jìn)嘴里，然后掉到座位之間，顯然處于危險(xiǎn)之中。A.danger危險(xiǎn)；B.peace和平；C.surprise驚訝；D.silence沉默。根據(jù)后文“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”可知，因?yàn)楸挥矌趴ㄗ×?，男孩無法呼吸，處在危險(xiǎn)之中。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)男孩很難開口說話，但他設(shè)法提到了一枚硬幣。A.write寫；B.say說；C.spell拼寫；D.hear聽見。根據(jù)后文“awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin”可知，男孩吞了硬幣，說不出來話了，故選B。4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：貝克迅速站起來，抓住他，跑出了車。A.luckily幸運(yùn)地；B.formally正式地；C.quietly安靜地；D.quickly快速地。根據(jù)后文“stoodup,tookholdofhimandranoutofthe”可知貝克迅速采取了行動(dòng)。故選D。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：貝克迅速站起來，抓住他，跑出了車。A.bus公交車；B.room房間；C.yard院子；D.school學(xué)校。根據(jù)后文“Onmywaytothesidewalk”可知，貝克帶著男孩跑下了車。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：普雷斯頓幾乎沒有呼吸，貝克也沒有浪費(fèi)任何時(shí)間投入行動(dòng)。A.slept睡覺；B.breathed呼吸；C.saw看見；D.listened聽。根據(jù)后文“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”可知，男孩幾乎沒有呼吸，故選B。7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我滿腦子想的都是我必須救這個(gè)男孩，”貝克說。A.find找到；B.feed喂養(yǎng)；C.save挽救；D.meet遇見。根據(jù)上文““Onmywaytothesidewalk,IwasactuallyperformingtheHeimlichmaneuver,”shesaid.(“在去人行道的路上，我實(shí)際上是在做海姆利克急救法，”她說。)”可知，貝克在想辦法救治男孩。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她以前從未做過海姆利克急救法，但一個(gè)月前學(xué)校給她的急救訓(xùn)練起了作用。A.habit習(xí)慣；B.training訓(xùn)練；C.belief信念；D.ine收入。根據(jù)上文“ShehadneverperformedtheHeimlichbefore”以及but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明此處指學(xué)校進(jìn)行了急救訓(xùn)練，故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)時(shí)我很緊張，但我就是不能害怕，”她說。A.nervous緊張的；B.glad高興的；C.disappointed失望的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)后文“atthetime,butIjustcouldn’tbescared”可知，要救人貝克感到緊張，但是沒有畏懼。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她甚至沒有意識(shí)到硬幣從普雷斯頓的嘴里飛了出來，直到普雷斯頓說:“貝克小姐，我沒事。我能呼吸了。”A.eraser橡皮擦；B.chalk粉筆；C.key關(guān)鍵；D.coin硬幣。呼應(yīng)上文“hemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin.”指硬幣被吐出來了。故選D。【11題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：普雷斯頓的媽媽非常感謝貝克的幫助。A.sorry抱歉的；B.sad悲傷的；C.anxious焦慮的；D.thankful感謝的。根據(jù)上文“Preston’smum”可知，貝克救了男孩，因此男孩的母親表示感謝。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)校的校長也很感動(dòng)，并對(duì)她拯救生命的工作表示敬意。A.corrected糾正；B.changed改變；C.honored尊重；D.cured治愈。根據(jù)后文“herforherlifesavingwork”可知，貝克救了男孩，學(xué)校的校長也很感動(dòng)，并對(duì)她拯救生命的工作表示敬意。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我真的沒有意識(shí)到我的影響有多大，”貝克說。A.future未來；B.impact影響；C.dream夢(mèng)想；D.mistake錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)上文貝克救了這個(gè)男孩，所以是指對(duì)男孩的影響很大。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：直到今天，貝克仍然不知道她那天是怎么鼓起勇氣去做那件事的，但她知道，“如果我不在那里，其他司機(jī)可能也會(huì)這么做，”貝克說。A.permit允許；B.right權(quán)利；C.method方法；D.courage勇氣。根據(jù)上文可知，貝克雖然緊張，但是仍然用自己學(xué)到的急救知識(shí)救了男孩，所以此處指救男孩這件事的勇氣。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：直到今天，貝克仍然不知道她那天是怎么鼓起勇氣去做那件事的，但她知道，“如果我不在那里，其他司機(jī)可能也會(huì)這么做，”貝克說。A.or或者；B.so所以；C.but但是；D.for為了。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞but。故選C。三、閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)(共16小題;每小題2分，共32分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAhouseplantisprettytolookatandbringsfreshairtoyourhome.Besides,lookingafteraplantwillgiveyousomethingmoretodoandcareabout.Let’slookatthefourbesthouseplantsyoucangrow.AustralianPineAperfect“l(fā)ivingdecoration”toaddinyourhouse,itisgoodtolookatandhasafortingfeel.ItcanalsoserveastheperfectChristmastree.Itgrowsaround10feettallindoors.Rememberthatitrequiresplentyoflightandfreshair.Otherwise,itbeesweakandaneasytargetformites(螨蟲).DracaenaThegreenandyellowpatternonitsleaveslooksgreat.Itcangrowtobearound10feettall.Justmakesureyoukeepthesoilsurfacedrybetweenyourwateringperiodsbecauseitgetsinfluencedbytoomuchwater.Also,havingthisplantaroundadogcanbedangerous.Itcanbepoisonoustodogsiftheyeatit.GrapeIvyIfyouwantsomethingofftheceiling(天花板),thishouseplantistheoneforyou.It’saclimbingplant,anditwillmakeforabeautifulhangingbasketdecoration.Theplantisfulloflifewhereveritishung.Itneedstobekeptwetinallitspartsforgoodgrowth.PeperomiaItislittleinsize,withlongleaves.Itaddsenergytoyourlivingroomandcreatesafortingenvironment.Asit’snotaverytallplant,youneedn’tworryabouthowmuchspaceitwilltakeup.Theplantlikesadrysurfaceofthesoil.Sowhatareyoufor?Choosetheonethatattractsyoumost,andgiveyourhomeawonderfuladdition.16.WhichofthefollowingcanserveasaChristmastree?A.Australianpine. B.Dracaena. C.Grapeivy. D.Peperomia.17.WhenkeepingDracaenaasahouseplant,youshould________.A.becarefulwithmites B.hangitfromthecellingC.keepdogsawayfromit D.leavethesurfaceofthesoilwet18.WhatdoyouknowaboutPeperomia?A.Itsleavesareshort. B.Itissmallinsize.C.Itlikesmuchwater. D.Itisaclimbingplant.19.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoumostlikelyfindthepassage?A.Politics. B.Business. C.Travel. D.Life.【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種適合室內(nèi)種植的植物。【16題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第一部分“Aperfect“l(fā)ivingdecoration”toaddinyourhouse,itisgoodtolookatandhasafortingfeel.ItcanalsoserveastheperfectChristmastree.(一個(gè)完美的“生活裝飾”添加到你的房子，它是好看的，有一個(gè)舒適的感覺。它也可以作為完美的圣誕樹)”可知，澳大利亞松可以作為圣誕樹。故選A?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Dracaena部分“Itcanbepoisonoustodogsiftheyeatit.(如果狗吃了它可能會(huì)中毒)”可知，當(dāng)把龍血樹作為室內(nèi)植物時(shí)，你應(yīng)該讓狗遠(yuǎn)離它。故選C。【18題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分“Itislittleinsize,withlongleaves.(它的體積很小，葉子很長)”可知，Peperomia的尺寸很小。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ahouseplantisprettytolookatandbringsfreshairtoyourhome.Besides,lookingafteraplantwillgiveyousomethingmoretodoandcareabout.Let’slookatthefourbesthouseplantsyoucangrow.(室內(nèi)植物看起來很漂亮，還能給你的家里帶來新鮮空氣。此外，照顧一株植物會(huì)給你更多的事情去做和關(guān)心。讓我們來看看你可以種植的四種最好的室內(nèi)植物)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四種適合室內(nèi)種植的植物。可知，文章選自網(wǎng)站的“生活”部分。故選D。BBestfriendsTommy,17,andDaniel,15,decidedtosignupfortheirschool’sroboticsteamintheirfreshmanyear,andbegantheirjourneytowardschanginglivesforthebetter.Theybegantheirworkwith3Dprinterstocreatepartsfortheirrobots,buttheywantedtheirimpacttobegreater.“Itstartedoffwithateamidea,”Tommysaid.“Weweretryingtofigureouthowwecouldmakeadifferencetosocietyasafirstyearroboticsteam.Welaterthoughtoftheideaofusing3Dprinterstomakeprostheses(假肢),likehands.”TheteamworkedwithIMAHelps,anonprofitorganization,andreceivedhelpfromtheScienceRoboticsInitiative.Shortlyafter,theybeganworkingwiththeirfirstpersoninneedofaprosthesis.“Westartedoffwithmakinganartificial(人造的)armforSamantha,a12yearoldlittlegirlinEcuadorwholostherarminabusaccident,”Tommyexplains.“Wegothermeasurementsandthenmadetheprosthesis.IMAHelpsbroughtittoSamanthaanditfitherperfectlyandworkedwell.”“Samanthahadadreamtowrite,andwewantedtohelpwiththat,”addsDaniel.Itdidn’ttakelongforotherkidstoseeSamantha’sprosthesis.AyoungmannamedErnestPriester,13,askedtohaveanartificialfoot.Later,theteamofferedtomakehimoneforfree.“Hestartedtearingup.Itbroughtsomuchjoytohiseyes.”Tommysays.ThisJuly,theteamtraveledtoEcuadortodeliverfourmoreprosthesestothoseinneed.“Weweresohappytohelp,”Tommyshares.Theteamalsoplansoncontinuingtogiveawaytheir3Dcreations.“Youcandowhateveryouwanttodowhenitestohelpingpeopleandchangingtheworld,”Tommysays.“Therearenoagelimits.”“Byofferingalittlebit,”addsDaniel.“Wecanchangealot.”20.Tomaketheroboticsteam’simpactgreater,TommyandDanieldecidedto________.A.createrobotparts B.startaroboticscourseC.makeprostheses D.inventa3Dprinter21.WhatdidtheroboticsteamdoforSamantha?A.TheysetupIMAHelpsforher. B.Theymadeheranartificialarm.C.Theyofferedhermedicaltreatment. D.Theygaveherinstructionsonwriting.22.HowdoesTommyfeelaboutwhattheyaredoing?A.Curious. B.Relaxed. C.Regretful. D.Pleased.23.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTommyandDaniel?A.Caring. B.Calm. C.Honest. D.Brave.【答案】20.C21.B22.D23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了17歲的湯米和15歲的丹尼爾使用3D打印機(jī)為需要幫助的人制作假肢?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theybegantheirworkwith3Dprinterstocreatepartsfortheirrobots,buttheywantedtheirimpacttobegreater.(他們開始使用3D打印機(jī)為他們的機(jī)器人制造零件，但他們希望3D打印機(jī)的影響更大)”可知，為了讓機(jī)器人團(tuán)隊(duì)的影響力更大，湯米和丹尼爾決定制作假肢。故選C?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Westartedoffwithmakinganartificial(人造的)armforSamantha,a12yearoldlittlegirlinEcuadorwholostherarminabusaccident(我們首先為12歲的厄瓜多爾小女孩薩曼莎做了一個(gè)假肢，她在一次公共汽車事故中失去了手臂)”可知，機(jī)器人團(tuán)隊(duì)給薩曼莎做了一只假肢。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段““Weweresohappytohelp,”Tommyshares.(“我們很高興能幫忙，”湯米分享道)”可知，湯米對(duì)他們的所作所為感到高興。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Youcandowhateveryouwanttodowhenitestohelpingpeopleandchangingtheworld,”Tommysays.“Therearenoagelimits.”(“當(dāng)涉及到幫助別人和改變世界時(shí)，你可以做任何你想做的事情，”湯米說。“沒有年齡限制。”)”以及最后一段““Byofferingalittlebit,”addsDaniel.“Wecanchangealot.”(“通過提供一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，”丹尼爾補(bǔ)充道。“我們可以改變很多?！?”可推知，湯米和丹尼爾關(guān)心他人，有愛心。故選A。CInlateJune,twopaniesweregivenpermitstosellchickenmeatthathasbeengrowninalab.Thepaniessaytheywillbeservingthemeatinrestaurantsthissummer.Unlikenormalchickenmeat,labgrownmeatisn’tcreatedbyraisingandkillingchickens.Instead,it’sameatproductdevelopedfromanimalcellsthataregrowninalab.Theprocessiscalled“cellbased”or“cultured”meat.Theprocessofcreatinglabgrownmeatispletelydifferentfromthenormalmeatraisingprocess.Scientistshaveknownforalongtimehowtokeeplivingcellsaliveandgrowtheminalab.Inthiscase,expertschoosecellsthatcangrowquicklyandwillhavegoodflavour.Thefirstcellsefromliveanimals.Thenthecellsaregrowninsidelargesteeltanks,wherethey’refedwitheverythingtheyneedtogrow.Inafewweeks,thecellsgrowintosheetsofmeat.Thepaniesthenformthismeatintomorefamiliarshapesthatcanbecookedandsold.Thepaniessaythattheirmeatisbetterfortheenvironmentthanmeatfromanimals.Raisinganimalsforfooduseshugeamountsoflandandwater.Italsocreatesalotofpollution.Raisinganimalsforfoodcreatesabout15%oftheworld’sgreenhousegases.That’swhycuttingbackoneatingmeatisoneoftheeasiestwaystofightclimatechange.Therearemanypaniesthesedaysthatfocusonmakingplantbasedmeatsubstitutes(替代物).Butsincelabgrownmeatismadefromanimalcells,itisveryhardtotellitapartfromactualmeat.Itlooks,smells,andtasteslikechicken.Polls(民意調(diào)查)haveshownthatmanypeoplearen’ttoointerestedinlabgrownmeat.Lotsofpeoplebelievethat“itjustsoundsstrange”.ButRusselPhillips,abiologist,suggestspeoplegiveitatry.Hesaysthatoncepeopletrythemeat,theywillbeamazed.Themonresponsemustbe,“Oh,ittasteslikechicken.”Butrightnow,themeatisfarmoreexpensivethanmeatfromanimals.Nowthatthepanieshavebeenapproved,theyhavethehugechallengeoffiguringouthowtomakemuchmoremeatfarmorecheaply.Itwillprobablybealongtimebeforeyou’reabletobuylabgrownchickeninstores.24.Toproducelabgrownmeat,thepaniesshould________.A.studyhowtofeedliveanimals. B.decidewheretostoremeatproducts.C.adddifferentflavourstosheetsofmeat. D.selectcellssuitableforproducingmeat.25.Asforproducinglabgrownmeat,Paragraph4ismainlyaboutits________.A.future. B.advantage. C.techniques. D.process.26.WhatisRusselPhillips’attitudetowardlabgrownmeat?A.Doubtful. B.Worried. C.Supportive. D.Uninterested.27.Thelabgrownmeatstillhasaproblemwithits________.A.quality. B.safety. C.price. D.taste.【答案】24.D25.B26.C27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。6月下旬，兩家公司獲準(zhǔn)銷售實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的雞肉。這些公司表示，今年夏天他們將在餐廳供應(yīng)這種肉。文章介紹了這種人造肉的一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)和人們對(duì)此的看法。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Scientistshaveknownforalongtimehowtokeeplivingcellsaliveandgrowtheminalab.Inthiscase,expertschoosecellsthatcangrowquicklyandwillhavegoodflavour.(科學(xué)家們很早就知道如何讓活細(xì)胞存活并在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中培養(yǎng)它們。在這種情況下，專家們會(huì)選擇生長速度快、味道好的細(xì)胞)”可知，為了生產(chǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的肉，這些公司應(yīng)該選擇適合生產(chǎn)肉的細(xì)胞。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thepaniessaythattheirmeatisbetterfortheenvironmentthanmeatfromanimals.Raisinganimalsforfooduseshugeamountsoflandandwater.Italsocreatesalotofpollution.Raisinganimalsforfoodcreatesabout15%oftheworld’sgreenhousegases.That’swhycuttingbackoneatingmeatisoneoftheeasiestwaystofightclimatechange.(這些公司表示，他們的肉比動(dòng)物肉更環(huán)保。飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物作為食物需要消耗大量的土地和水。它也造成了很多污染。飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物作為食物產(chǎn)生了世界上15%的溫室氣體。這就是為什么減少吃肉是對(duì)抗氣候變化最簡單的方法之一)”可知，第4段主要是關(guān)于生產(chǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)的肉的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ButRusselPhillips,abiologist,suggestspeoplegiveitatry.Hesaysthatoncepeopletrythemeat,theywillbeamazed.Themonresponsemustbe,“Oh,ittasteslikechicken.”(但生物學(xué)家羅素·菲利普斯建議人們?cè)囈辉?。他說，一旦人們嘗過這種肉，他們會(huì)大吃一驚。通常的反應(yīng)肯定是，“哦，它嘗起來像雞肉?！?”可知，羅素·菲利普斯對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的肉持支持態(tài)度。故選C。【27題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butrightnow,themeatisfarmoreexpensivethanmeatfromanimals.Nowthatthepanieshavebeenapproved,theyhavethehugechallengeoffiguringouthowtomakemuchmoremeatfarmorecheaply.(但現(xiàn)在，這些肉比動(dòng)物肉貴得多。既然這些公司已經(jīng)獲得批準(zhǔn)，他們面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)是如何以更低的成本生產(chǎn)更多的肉)”可知，這種實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的肉仍然存在價(jià)格問題。故選C。DHundredsofdeadmigrating(遷徙)songbirdscoveredthegroundlikeacarpetonThursdayinChicago.Nearly1,000songbirdsdiedthroughoutthenightaftercrashingintotheglassoftheMcCormickPlaceLakesideCenterduetoadeadlybinationofexcellentmigratoryconditions,rain,andthelowbuilding’slightingandwindowlinedwalls,accordingtobirdexperts.WindowhitsareaprobleminalmosteverymajorcityintheUnitedStates.Birdscannotseetransparent(透明的)orreflectingglassandareunawarethatitisadangerousblock.Theyrushforplantsorbushestheyseethroughwindowsorreflectedinthem,killingthemselvesintheprocess.Nightmigratingbirdsdependonthestarsfordirection.Buildinglightsbothattractandconfusethem,resultinginwindowhitsorbirdsflyingaroundthelightsuntiltheydieofexhaustion,aphenomenonknownasdeadlylightattraction.AccordingtoStanTemple,aretiredbirdexpertfromUniversityofWisconsinMadison,conditionswereidealforabigwaveofsongbirdsouthernmigrationoverChicagoonWednesdayevening.“Youhadallthesebirdsthatwerejusteagertosetout,butthey’vebeenheldupwiththisunusualSeptemberandOctoberwithtemperatureswayabovenormal,”Templesaid.Toavoidirregularairmovementsandpredators(捕食者),littlesongbirdsgrazetoabsorbenergyduringthedayandtravelatnight.They’vebeenwaitingfornorthwindstopushthemsouth,butSeptember’sunusuallywarmsouthwindsleftthebirdsinaholdingpositionhere,accordingtoTemple.AwindmovedsouthonWednesdayevening,offeringagoodchance,andmillionsofbirdstooktotheair.“Predawnrainforcedthebirdstoflylow,andtheyfoundMcCormickPlace’slightson,”saidDavidWillard,amanagerattheChicagoFieldMuseum.AccordingtoAnnaPidgeon,abirdbiologistattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,windowhitsanddeadlylightattractionaresimplyavoidable.Buildingmanagerscansimplydecreasetheirlights,andbuildingdesignerscancreatewindowswithbirdfriendlymarksintheglass.Peoplecanalsoaddscreens,painttheirwindows,orputstickersontheglass.28.Whichofthefollowingprobablycausedthesongbirds’deathinChicago?A.Windowhits. B.Hunger. C.Diseases. D.Birdhunts.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“graze”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Play. B.Eat. C.Grow. D.Wait.30.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theimportanceofprotectingbirds. B.Thepredictionofthesongbirds’future.C.Thefurtherstudyofthesongbirdevent. D.Thewaystoavoidthedisasterforbirds.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Humanactivitieshaveaffectedwildlife. B.Climatechangeischallengingtheworld.C.Technologyhelpstheprotectionofnature. D.Animalslearntoadapttotheenvironment.【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要說明了周四在芝加哥，數(shù)百只死去的遷徙鳴禽像地毯一樣覆蓋了地面。文章分析了鳴禽死亡的原因以及人類活動(dòng)對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的影響。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Nearly1,000songbirdsdiedthroughoutthenightaftercrashingintotheglassoftheMcCormickPlaceLakesideCenterduetoadeadlybinationofexcellentmigratoryconditions,rain,andthelowbuilding’slightingandwindowlinedwalls,accordingtobirdexperts.(據(jù)鳥類專家介紹，由于優(yōu)越的遷徙條件、雨水、低矮建筑的照明和有窗戶的墻壁，近1000只鳴禽在撞到麥考密克廣場湖濱中心的玻璃后，一夜之間死亡)”可知，撞到窗戶導(dǎo)致了芝加哥鳴禽的死亡。故選A?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“toabsorbenergyduringthedayandtravelatnight”可知，小鳴禽在白天吃東西吸收能量，晚上飛行。故劃線詞意思是“吃”。故選B。【30題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“AccordingtoAnnaPidgeon,abirdbiologistattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,windowhitsanddeadlylightattractionaresimplyavoidable.Buildingmanagerscansimplydecreasetheirlights,andbuildingdesignerscancreatewindowswithbirdfriendlymarksintheglass.Peoplecanalsoaddscreens,painttheirwindows,orputstickersontheglass.(威斯康星大學(xué)麥迪遜分校的鳥類生物學(xué)家AnnaPidgeon認(rèn)為，窗戶撞擊和致命的光線吸引是完全可以避免的。樓宇管理者只需減少燈光，樓宇設(shè)計(jì)師可以在窗戶玻璃上設(shè)計(jì)出對(duì)鳥類友好的標(biāo)記。人們還可以在窗戶上加裝紗窗、刷漆或貼上貼紙)”可知，最后一段主要講了避免鳥類災(zāi)難的方法。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Nightmigratingbirdsdependonthestarsfordirection.Buildinglightsbothattractandconfusethem,resultinginwindowhitsorbirdsflyingaroundthelightsuntiltheydieofexhaustion,aphenomenonknownasdeadlylightattraction.(夜間候鳥依靠星星來指引方向。建筑物的燈光既吸引它們，也迷惑它們，導(dǎo)致它們撞到窗戶，或者鳥兒在燈光周圍飛來飛去，直到它們精疲力竭而死，這種現(xiàn)象被稱為致命的燈光吸引)”可知，人類活動(dòng)影響了野生動(dòng)物。故選A。第二節(jié)(共4小題;每小題2分，共8分)閱讀下面短文和問題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和每小題后的具體要求，在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對(duì)該問題的回答。閱讀下面短文和問題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和每小題后的具體要求，完成對(duì)該問題的回答。Ifyouenjoywalkingforexercise,there’sasimplewaytomeetyourdemand—changeyourwalkintoaruck,andit’sanincreasinglypopularformofexercise.Ruckingiswalkingwithweightonyourback.Theterm“rucking”esfromruckmarching,acoreskillusedbythemilitaryaroundtheworld.Oneoftheteststhearmynormallygivestosoldiersisa12mileruck,whichtheymustpletewithinthreehourswhilecarryingaweightofatleast35pounds.Thereasonwhyruckingisgrowinginpopularityisthatit’saneasyandallbodyexercise.Onestudyin2019showedthat10weeksofweightedwalkingimprovedphysicalperformance.Sinceruckingisusuallyperformedoutdoors,thereisnodoubtthatit’salsogoodforyourmentalhealth.Lotsofstudiessuggestthatthementalhealthbenefitsofbeinginanaturalenvironmentarehuge.Thereareseveraltipsforyourruckingwhenyougetstarted.First,don’tbetooeager.Aswithanynewexercise,you’llneedtobeginslowly.Startwithanemptybackpack(背包)andwalkadistanceyou’vealreadydone.Whenyoustartaddingweighttoyourpack,trysomethinglow,like10%ofyourbodyweight.Addingweightisgoingtoputmorestressonyourankles,knees,hipsandback,sodoitgradually.Anotheroptionistostartwithaweightedvest(背心)insteadofabackpack.Thisspreadstheweightbetweenyourfrontandback.Andofcourse,don’tforgetyourfeet.Selectafortablepairofshoestopreventgettinghurt.32.Whatisrucking?(不多于六個(gè)單詞)________________________________________________________________________________________33.Whyisruckingpopular?(不多于六個(gè)單詞)_________________________________________________________________________________________34.Whereisruckingusuallyperformed?(不多于一個(gè)單詞)_________________________________________________________________________________________35.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?(不多于三個(gè)單詞)_________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】32.Walkingwithweightonyourback.33.It’saneasyandallbodyexercise.34.Outdoors.35.Tipsforrucking.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了徒步這項(xiàng)戶外活動(dòng)的情況以及徒步的建議?！?2題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Ruckingiswalkingwithweightonyourback.(徒步就是背著重物走路)”可知，徒步就是背著重物走路。故答案為Walkingwithweightonyourback.【33題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“Thereasonwhyruckingisgrowinginpopularityisthatit’saneasyandallbodyexercise.(蹦蹦跳跳越來越受歡迎的原因是它是一種簡單的全身運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，徒步受歡迎因?yàn)檫@是一項(xiàng)簡單的全身運(yùn)動(dòng)。故答案為It’saneasyandallbodyexercise.【34題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“Sinceruckingisusuallyperformedoutdoors,thereisnodoubtthatit’salsogoodforyourmentalhealth.(因?yàn)橥讲酵ǔＪ窃趹敉膺M(jìn)行的，毫無疑問，它對(duì)你的心理健康也有好處)”可知，徒步通常在戶外。故答案為Outdoors.【35題詳解】考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段“Thereareseveraltipsforyourruckingwhenyougetstarted.First,don’tbetooeager.Aswithanynewexercise,you’llneedtobeginslowly.Startwithanemptybackpack(背包)andwalkadistanceyou’vealreadydone.Whenyoustartaddingweighttoyourpack,trysomethinglow,like10%ofyourbodyweight.Addingweightisgoingtoputmorestressonyourankles,knees,hipsandback,sodoitgradually.Ano