【課件】高考英語二輪復習閱讀理解專項精準講練第3講推理判斷題

2022高考英語二輪復習閱讀理解專項精準講練第三講

推理判斷題推理判斷題◎題型解讀1.考綱要求：推理判斷題要求考生在理解文章的基礎上，從文章提供的信息出發(fā)，借助一定的常識進行分析、推理、判斷的能力。2.推理判斷題相對于細節(jié)理解題難度較高，但近年來考察比例逐漸增加。推理判斷題◎題型分類1.推斷隱含意義---一步推導法（立足原文，只推一步）依據文中信息，結合已有常識，進行符合情理的推斷,切忌主觀臆斷，做到推斷有理有據注意推斷隱含意義要求

推斷言外之意或弦外之音題干常含infer(推斷),suggest,imply常有can,could,probably,likely等考情

通常每篇文段都有1道題1.推斷隱含意義---一步推導法（立足原文，只推一步）2021·全國乙卷B篇

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.1.推斷隱含意義---一步推導法（立足原文，只推一步）2020年全國Ⅱ卷·31

Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal.

B.It’srisky.

C.It’sharmful.

D.It’straditional.點撥：由infer可知為推斷題。一找(依據)：由題干中的Morgan可定位至本段第二句。二理(解字面意思)：模特佩奇·摩根說：“給人們一個無負罪感的選擇，讓他們可以穿著(由動物毛皮制成的衣物)而不被人潑油漆——我認為這是一件大事，至少在紐約是這樣?！比?斷或判斷)：根據摩根的說法,在紐約穿著由動物毛皮制成的衣物會被潑油漆，由此可推斷：在紐約穿動物毛皮制成的衣物是有風險的。四比(較各選項):“正式的”“有風險的”“有害的”“傳統(tǒng)的”。2.推斷觀點態(tài)度題---字里行間法觀點態(tài)度題四個明確明確表達情感的詞的意義,如valuable,hopeful,well,good,doubt,worry等明確是問誰對什么事的態(tài)度明確主旨(文段首尾),推測觀點明確是作者或文中人物的觀點而非主觀臆斷推斷作者對某事物所持的觀點或態(tài)度要求推斷文中人物對某事所持的觀點或態(tài)度2.推斷觀點態(tài)度題---字里行間法2021·新高考卷I閱讀D

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysup-port,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmore

beneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視）onemotionbyemployers,

educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.

B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.

D.Unclear.2.推斷觀點態(tài)度題---字里行間法2020年全國Ⅲ卷·29“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehouse

withhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.3.推斷寫作意圖---“主旨推意”法推斷寫作意圖主旨推斷法

根據文章或段落主旨推斷作者的寫作目的

寫作目的開篇提問：引出話題或讓讀者關注主題講述相關之事：引出主題或提供背景舉例、引語或數據：證明某一觀點或說明某個主題文體推斷法根據文章體裁判斷作者寫作意圖3.推斷寫作意圖---“主旨推意”法2021·新高考卷I閱讀DWeprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.ToexplainaroleB.ToclarifyaconceptC.TopresentafactD.Tomakeaprediction3.推斷寫作意圖---“主旨推意”法2020年新高考全國Ⅰ卷·11Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan…Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty…MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes…Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.4.推斷文章出處---“文體特征”法根據文章內容和文體的結構特征來推斷其出處原則推斷文章出處題干

常含befrom,comefrom,betaken,appear等

營養(yǎng)、健康飲食:ahealthmagazine旅游景點介紹:atravelguide/brochure博物館介紹:博物館參觀指南(amuseumguide)新產品/影片或演出介紹:advertisement文化教育類文章:educationsction文章前有日期、地點或通訊社名稱:newspaper文中有鏈接:website類別

介紹科研或發(fā)現成果asciencemagazinesciencesectionasciencereport時尚、名人或娛樂介紹:magazine,journal,entertainment人物介紹:biography,autobiography活動介紹:announcement,notice4.推斷文章出處---“文體特征”法2021·全國甲卷閱讀A

Takeaview,

theLandscape(風景）Photographer

oftheYearAward,

wastheideaofCharlieWaite,

oneoftoday’smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,

thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthatthe

AwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.Takeaviewis

adesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromall

cornersoftheUKandbeyond.23.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook.

B.Inanovel.

C.Inanartmagazine.

D.Inabiography.2019年全國Ⅰ卷·31

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)…Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipants…Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.4.推斷文章出處---“文體特征”法

2020·全國卷II

C28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature. C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.◎真題演練

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.

“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’s