山東省臨沂市河?xùn)|區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

2022級(jí)普通高中學(xué)科素養(yǎng)水平監(jiān)測(cè)試卷英語(yǔ)（試卷滿分：150分考試時(shí)間：120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Howwillthemangohome?A.Bybike.B.Bysubway.C.Bybus.2.Whathappenedtothewoman'sson?A.Hehurthisarm.B.Hehadaheadache.C.Hegotpainsinhisfingers.3.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Dohishomework.B.WatchTV.C.Playfootball.4.WhatisMary'sphonenumber?A.97756431.B.86727151.C.86727115.5.Whatisthemanlookingfor?A.Acomputer.B.Acupoftea.C.Abook.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.WhatwillthewomandoforAlbert'sbirthday?A.Decoratehisroom.B.Organizeaparty.C.Prepareabigdinner.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantobring?A.Juice.B.Acake.C.Fruit.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aninterview.B.AnEnglishclass.C.Apieceofhomework.9.WhatdidMr.Graytalkalotabout?A.ThemethodsoflearningEnglish.B.Thecultureofsomecountries.C.Therulesintheclassroom.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。10.Whathasthemandecidedtodoforhisholiday?A.Goclimbing.B.Gohiking.C.Gocamping.11.Howlongwillthemanbeaway?A.Sevendays.B.Sixdays.C.Fivedays.12.Whatisthewoman'sopinionabouthikingandclimbing?A.Fun.B.Tiring.C.Relaxing.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。13.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Atarestaurant.14.Whodoesthegirlusuallytalktowhensheisupset?A.Herfriends.B.Herparents.C.Herteachers.15.Wherewouldthegirltalkwithherfriend?A.Inashoppingcentre.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inacafe.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthegirldo?A.Studyhard.B.Shopwithherfriends.C.Getintouchwithherfriendsoften.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.Whyisthespeakerusuallyhungrybylunchtime?A.Shedoesn'teatbiscuitsatwork.B.Sheonlyhasadrinkforbreakfast.C.Sheworksveryhard.18.Whendoesthespeakerendherlunchbreak?A.Atabout1:15.B.Atabout2:00.C.Atabout2:15.19.Whatdoesthespeakerdrinkforlunch?A.Tea.B.Coffee.C.Water.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofherlife?A.Stressful.B.Enjoyable.C.Unhealthy.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。ASaveyourannualleaveandexplorebeautifultownsandplaceswithdaytripslessthantwohoursfromLondon,offeringachangeofscenery,deliciousfoodandagoodwalk.Youcanheadintoworkthenextdayfeelingrefreshed.MargateTheoldwillrememberMargateasasomewhatmockedholidaylocation,avintage(復(fù)古的)styleamusementparkwithrides.However,theyoungarenowmovinghereindrovesastheytakeadvantageoftheexcellenttransportlinksandtheworkingopportunities.AnotherdrawistheTurnerContemporaryartgalleryopenedin2011tocelebrateartistJMWTurner,andhisconnectiontoMargate.Thegalleryisfreetoenterandhasspectacularviews.TheNewForestAtover200squaremiles,theNewForestisaprotectednationalparkdottedwithsmalltowns.Therearemanytrailstowalkorcycle,whichareworthplanninginadvance.Thenewforest.co.ukisausefulresourceasithaswalkingandcycleroutessplitintofamily,dog-friendlyandthosethattakeinpubsorvillages.BrightonThereissomethingforeveryoneinBrighton:traditionalfishandchips,veganandrestaurants,theRoyalPavilionandshops—bothvintageandcontemporary—sellingclothing,jewellery,chocolateandrecords.AnyofthesmallcoffeeshopswouldbeagreatfirststopbeforeheadingtotheverypinkBooksforAmnestyshop.TheCotswoldsWiththeinstantlyrecognisablepale-yellowstonecottagesandseeminglyunendingsupplyofpubs,thetownsandvillagesthatcomprisetheCotswoldsarewellworthavisit.SpendthemorningwalkingaroundChippingNorton,amarkettownwithshopsandtheatres.Besuretopop-intoJafféandNeale,thebookshopandcafethathasbeenopensince2006.1.WhatattractstheyoungergenerationinMargate?A.Itsamusementpark. B.Theprotectednationalpark.C.TheTurnerContemporaryartgallery. D.Itsconvenienttransportationandworkingchances.2.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttowalkwithyourdog?A.Brighton. B.TheNewForest. C.Margate. D.TheCotswolds.3.WhatdoBrightonandTheCotswoldshaveincommon?A.Lifestyle. B.Traditionalfood. C.Coffeehouses. D.Ancientcottages.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)旅游目的地，從倫敦出發(fā)不到兩小時(shí)的一日游，探索美麗的城鎮(zhèn)和地方，提供改變風(fēng)景，美味的食物和良好的散步。第二天可以精神抖擻地去上班?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Margate部分的“However,theyoungarenowmovinghereindrovesastheytakeadvantageoftheexcellenttransportlinksandtheworkingopportunities.(然而，年輕人現(xiàn)在正成群結(jié)隊(duì)地搬到這里，因?yàn)樗麄兝昧诉@里良好的交通聯(lián)系和工作機(jī)會(huì))”可知，Margate吸引年輕人的地方是便利的交通和工作機(jī)會(huì)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheNewForest部分的“Thenewforest.co.ukisausefulresourceasithaswalkingandcycleroutessplitintofamily,dog-friendlyandthosethattakeinpubsorvillages.(Thenewforest.co.uk是一個(gè)有用的資源，因?yàn)樗胁叫泻妥孕熊?chē)路線分為家庭路線、狗友好路線和酒吧或村莊路線)”可知，如果你想遛狗，你應(yīng)該去TheNewForest。故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Brighton部分“AnyofthesmallcoffeeshopswouldbeagreatfirststopbeforeheadingtotheverypinkBooksforAmnestyshop.(在前往非常粉紅色的大赦書(shū)籍商店之前，任何一家小咖啡館都是不錯(cuò)的第一站)”和TheCotswolds部分的“Besuretopop-intoJafféandNeale,thebookshopandcafethathasbeenopensince2006.(一定要去JaffeveandNeale逛逛，這家書(shū)店兼咖啡館從2006年就開(kāi)始營(yíng)業(yè)了)”可知，這兩個(gè)地方都有咖啡屋。故選C。BInasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.Otherthancustomers,touristswhocometovisitthenearbyJawaiDamoftenstopbyheretohandplasticwasteovertotheshopkeeper.RunbyKanaRamMewada,theshopnotonlysellsteaandsnacks,butalsoleadsacampaigntoreducetheuseofsingle-useplasticinthevillage.AccordingtoareportoftheCentralPollutionControlBoard(CPCB)in2019—2020,3.5millionmetrictons(公噸)ofplasticwasteisannuallygeneratedinIndia,andwillremaininlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))fortheupcominghundredsofyears.KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.Hestartedacampaignbycollectingplasticwastefromhisownshopandroadside.Whenevercustomerscame,heexplainedthecampaign.Inordertoattractmorepeople,hestartedgivingsomethinginreturnforthewastetheybrought.Sometimes,hepurchasedafewthingsmadeofrecycledwastetoshowthevillagersandtoldthemtheywerecreatedfromtheirplasticwastecontribution.Healsomadedecorativeitemsoutofthewasteandplacedthemaroundtheshop.Asaresult,peoplefromthevillagebecamecuriousabouthiscampaign.Eventouristsbeganparticipatingintheexchange.Andtoday,theforest,riversandpublicspacesthatwereoncefilledwithplasticwastearecleanerthanbefore.Hehopesthathecanalsohelptheneighboringvillagesrecycleplasticwasteandmakethewholeareaplastic-free.“Whenanordinarypersonlikemedecidedtostartacause,itwasinspiringthatawholevillagestoodbymeandsupportedme.Wecanallbecometorchbearers(啟蒙者)forabettertomorrow.Whatwehavetodoistakeastepforward,”hesaid.4.WhatledKanatostartthecampaign?A.Anonlinereport. B.Tourists’behavior.C.Customers’advice. D.Hisvisittolandfills.5.WhydidKanaplaceplasticdecorationsaroundhisshop?A.Togetmorepeopletojoinhiscampaign. B.Toteachshoppershowtomakethem.C.Tomakehisshopmuchmorebeautiful. D.Toadvertisethegoodsinhisshop.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKana?A.Considerateandproud. B.Ambitiousandgenerous.C.Responsibleandcreative. D.Determinedandhumorous.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Ashopkeeper’spathtosuccess. B.AhistorictouristspotinBisalpur.C.Auniquewayofturningwasteintoart. D.Ashopkeeper’scampaignforplasticrecycling.【答案】4.A5.A6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要說(shuō)明了店主KanaRamMewada在看了網(wǎng)上的報(bào)告后，決定發(fā)起收集塑料垃圾，讓村莊遠(yuǎn)離塑料的活動(dòng)。他把塑料做成一些獨(dú)特的家具，吸引了很多人參與。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.(卡納在網(wǎng)上讀到這篇報(bào)道后深感不安，他開(kāi)始思考如何提高村民的意識(shí)，讓他的村莊遠(yuǎn)離塑料。)”可知，網(wǎng)上報(bào)告讓卡納發(fā)起了這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Hestartedacampaignbycollectingplasticwastefromhisownshopandroadside.Whenevercustomerscame,heexplainedthecampaign.Inordertoattractmorepeople,hestartedgivingsomethinginreturnforthewastetheybrought.(他從自己的商店和路邊收集塑料垃圾，發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。每當(dāng)顧客來(lái)了，他就向他們解釋這次活動(dòng)。為了吸引更多的人，他開(kāi)始為他們帶來(lái)的垃圾提供一些回報(bào)。)”可知，卡納在他的商店周?chē)胖盟芰涎b飾是為了讓更多的人加入他的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.(卡納在網(wǎng)上讀到這篇報(bào)道后深感不安，他開(kāi)始思考如何提高村民的意識(shí)，讓他的村莊遠(yuǎn)離塑料。)”以及第一段“InasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.(在北方邦比薩爾普爾的一家小茶店里，你可以看到一些獨(dú)特的家具，比如用磚和回收塑料制成的凳子和桌子。)”可推知，卡納有責(zé)任心和創(chuàng)造性。故選C。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“InasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.Otherthancustomers,touristswhocometovisitthenearbyJawaiDamoftenstopbyheretohandplasticwasteovertotheshopkeeper.RunbyKanaRamMewada,theshopnotonlysellsteaandsnacks,butalsoleadsacampaigntoreducetheuseofsingle-useplasticinthevillage.(在北方邦比薩爾普爾的一家小茶店里，你可以看到一些獨(dú)特的家具，比如用磚和回收塑料制成的凳子和桌子。除了顧客之外，來(lái)附近賈瓦伊大壩參觀的游客也經(jīng)常路過(guò)這里，把塑料垃圾交給店主。這家店由KanaRamMewada經(jīng)營(yíng)，不僅出售茶葉和零食，還領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一場(chǎng)減少村里一次性塑料使用的運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了店主KanaRamMewada在看了網(wǎng)上的報(bào)告后，決定發(fā)起收集塑料垃圾，讓村莊遠(yuǎn)離塑料的活動(dòng)。他把塑料做成一些獨(dú)特的家具，吸引了很多人參與?？芍?，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是一個(gè)店主的塑料回收運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選D。CDespitethefactthatburgers,chipsandfriesareknownassomeofthemostunhealthyfoodwecaneat,theyarestillthemostpopularfood.Thereareafewreasonsbehindthat.First,junkfoodisgenerallyeasytogetandtakewithyou.Thisconvenienceisamajordrawformany,especiallypeoplewhoarealwaysonthego.RestaurantslikeMcDonald’sandKFCcanbefoundoutsidemanyschoolsandworkplaces,providingmealsinunderaminute.Secondly,junkfoodcontainsalotofaddedsugarandfat.Thiskindoffoodcausesourbraintosendoutcertainchemicals,whichproducethefeelingofrelaxation,pleasureandenjoyment.That’swhysuchfoodiscalled“comfortfood”.Thirdly,ourancestorsdidn’thavesucheasyaccesstothehugevarietyoffoodwecomeacrosseveryday.Theydidn’thavetheconvenienceofhavingfoodaseasilyaswedo.Sotheymadeitahabittoeatasmuchastheycouldtosurviveandprotectthemselvesfromthehardnaturalconditions.Thecavementality(心理)ispasseddowntous,whichmakesusbelievethatwecanneverhaveenoughfoodthatishighinsugarandfat,nomatterhowcrazilyweeat.Besides,whenwearetooworriedandtiredtorelax,ourbodyproducescortisol(皮質(zhì)醇),whichincreasesthesugarcontentintheblood,soitcanbeusedasenergytoaidinfatandcarbohydratemetabolism(碳水化合物代謝).Additionally,itisalsofoundtoincreasehunger.That’sthereasonwhywhenwe’rethinkingaboutunpleasantthings,wepreferfoodsthatarehighinsugar,fatandcarbohydrate,thatistosayunhealthyfood.8.WhyareMcDonald’sandKFCmentioned?A.Toshowtheytakeupthebestsite. B.Toshowtheyprovidegoodservice.C.Toshowtheyarefamousfortheirtaste. D.Toshowtheymakejunkfoodeasytoget.9.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph4?A.Weneedallkindsoffood. B.Ourancestorslivedahardlife.C.Weareborntoeatmorethanweneed. D.Itisdifficultforustochangeourhabits.10.Whatisacauseoftheincreaseofsugarcontentinourbody?A.Toomuchstress. B.Awishforfood.C.Afastmetabolicrate. D.Nothavingenoughenergy.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AHowharmfuljunkfoodis. B.Whyfastfoodissodelicious.C.Howwecandevelopahealthylifestyle. D.Whyweloveunhealthyfoodsomuch.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受歡迎的幾個(gè)原因。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“First,junkfoodisgenerallyeasytogetandtakewithyou.Thisconvenienceisamajordrawformany,especiallypeoplewhoarealwaysonthego.RestaurantslikeMcDonald’sandKFCcanbefoundoutsidemanyschoolsandworkplaces,providingmealsinunderaminute.(首先，垃圾食品通常很容易買(mǎi)到并隨身攜帶。這種便利是吸引許多人的主要原因，尤其是那些總是在路上的人。像麥當(dāng)勞和肯德基這樣的餐廳可以在許多學(xué)校和工作場(chǎng)所外找到，在一分鐘內(nèi)提供飯菜。)”可推知，提到麥當(dāng)勞和肯德基是為了表明他們使垃圾食品很容易得到。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thirdly,ourancestorsdidn’thavesucheasyaccesstothehugevarietyoffoodwecomeacrosseveryday.Theydidn’thavetheconvenienceofhavingfoodaseasilyaswedo.Sotheymadeitahabittoeatasmuchastheycouldtosurviveandprotectthemselvesfromthehardnaturalconditions.Thecavementality(心理)ispasseddowntous,whichmakesusbelievethatwecanneverhaveenoughfoodthatishighinsugarandfat,nomatterhowcrazilyweeat.(第三，我們的祖先沒(méi)有這么容易獲得我們每天遇到的各種各樣的食物。他們不像我們這樣容易得到食物。因此，他們養(yǎng)成了盡可能多吃的習(xí)慣，以生存并保護(hù)自己免受惡劣的自然條件的影響。洞穴心態(tài)傳給了我們，這讓我們相信，無(wú)論我們吃得多么瘋狂，我們都永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有足夠的高糖和高脂肪的食物。)”可知，第四段告訴我們，我們生來(lái)就吃得比我們需要的多。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Besides,whenwearetooworriedandtiredtorelax,ourbodyproducescortisol(皮質(zhì)醇),whichincreasesthesugarcontentintheblood,soitcanbeusedasenergytoaidinfatandcarbohydratemetabolism(碳水化合物代謝).Additionally,itisalsofoundtoincreasehunger.(此外，當(dāng)我們過(guò)于擔(dān)心和疲勞而無(wú)法放松時(shí)，我們的身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生皮質(zhì)醇，這會(huì)增加血液中的糖含量，因此它可以作為能量來(lái)幫助脂肪和碳水化合物的代謝。此外，它還會(huì)增加饑餓感。)”可知，壓力太大導(dǎo)致我們體內(nèi)的糖含量增加。故選A。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Despitethefactthatburgers,chipsandfriesareknownassomeofthemostunhealthyfoodwecaneat,theyarestillthemostpopularfood.(盡管漢堡、薯?xiàng)l和薯?xiàng)l被認(rèn)為是最不健康的食物，但它們?nèi)匀皇亲钍軞g迎的食物。)”結(jié)合文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受歡迎的幾個(gè)原因?？芍@篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是為什么我們這么喜歡不健康的食物。故選D。DOneofthethingsthatmakehumansmammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)isthatwe’rewarm-blooded—ourbodieshavehighmetabolism(新陳代謝)thatmaintainsourinternaltemperatureindependentofthesurroundings,unlikecold-bloodedanimalsthathavetolieinthesunforheat.Amongmodernanimals,onlymammalsandbirdsarewarm-bloodedandourabilitytokeepourselveswarmhasenabledustosurviveinicyweatherandmakelongmigrations.Butit’sbeenamysteryexactlywhenmammalsevolvedtheirhighmetabolism.Inanewstudy,scientistspointtoanunlikelysourcefordeterminingwhenancientmammalancestorsbecamewarm-blooded.Theearsofalllivingcreaturesthathavebackbonescontaintinycanals(管道)filledwithfluidthathelpsusbalance.Therunniness(流動(dòng)性)ofthatfluidchangesbasedontemperature,andourinnerearshaveevolveddifferentsizessothatthefluidcanflowcorrectly.Cold-bloodedanimals’earfluidiscoolerandthicker,soitneedswiderspacestotravelthrough,whilewarm-bloodedanimalshaverunnierearfluid,soourcanalsaredifferent.“Canalsweregenerallyusedtopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.However,bycarefullylookingattheirbiomechanics(生物力學(xué)),wefiguredthatwecouldalsousethemtoinferbodytemperature,”saysRomainDavid,oneofthestudy’sleadauthors.“Thisisbecause,likehoney,thefluidinsidecanalsgetsrunnierwhentemperatureincreases,impactingfunction.Therefore,duringthetransitiontoendothermy(溫血性),physicaladaptationwasrequiredtokeepbestperformances,andwecouldtrackearcanalsinmammalancestors.”Totracktheseevolutionarychanges,theresearcherscomparedthesizesoftheinnerearcanalsofover300animals,including243livingspeciesand64extinctones.Theyfoundthatmammalancestorsdidn’tdevelopthekindsofinnerearstructuresidealforwarm-bloodedanimalsuntil233millionyearsago.Theoriginofmammalianendothermyisoneofthegreatmysteriestobesolved.Manydifferentapproacheshavebeenusedtotrytopredictwhenitfirstevolved,buttheyhaveoftengivenunclearorconflictingresults.Thismethodshowsrealpromisebecauseithasbeenconfirmedusingaverylargenumberofmodernspecies.12.Whichofthefollowingmightbethekeytomammals’longmigrations?A.Thelargebodysize. B.Therichfoodresources.C.Thewarm-bloodedness. D.Theadaptabilitytosurroundings.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutwarm-bloodedanimalscomparedtocold-bloodedones?A.Theyhavemuchbiggerbackbones.B.Theirinnerearcanalsarerelativelynarrow.C.Theyaremuchmoresensitivetooutsidesounds.D.Theirearfluidseldomchangeswithtemperature.14.WhatdoRomainDavid’swordsinparagraph3mainlytellus?A.Theoriesontheevolutionofmammalancestors.B.Thereasonforstudyingtheinnerearsofmammals.C.Theimportanceofphysicaladaptationtomammals.D.Possiblewaystopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothenewmethodoftrackingevolutionarychanges?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)研究動(dòng)物的內(nèi)耳可以研究哺乳動(dòng)物為什么是恒溫動(dòng)物。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Amongmodernanimals,onlymammalsandbirdsarewarm-bloodedandourabilitytokeepourselveswarmhasenabledustosurviveinicyweatherandmakelongmigrations.(在現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物中，只有哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類是恒溫動(dòng)物，我們保持體溫的能力使我們能夠在寒冷的天氣中生存，并進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)途遷徙。)”可知，哺乳動(dòng)物能進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)途遷徙的關(guān)鍵是因?yàn)槭呛銣貏?dòng)物。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theearsofalllivingcreaturesthathavebackbonescontaintinycanalsfilledwithfluidthathelpsusbalance.Therunninessofthatfluidchangesbasedontemperature,andourinnerearshaveevolveddifferentsizessothatthefluidcanflowcorrectly.Cold-bloodedanimals’earfluidiscoolerandthicker,soitneedswiderspacestotravelthrough,whilewarm-bloodedanimalshaverunnierearfluid,soourcanalsaredifferent.(所有有脊椎的生物的耳朵里都有微小的管道，里面充滿液體，幫助我們保持平衡。這種液體的流動(dòng)性會(huì)隨著溫度的變化而變化，我們的內(nèi)耳也進(jìn)化出了不同的大小，這樣液體才能正常流動(dòng)。冷血?jiǎng)游锏亩焊?、更厚，所以需要更寬的空間來(lái)通過(guò)，而恒溫動(dòng)物的耳液更流動(dòng)，所以我們的耳道是不同的。)”可知，比起冷血?jiǎng)游?，恒溫?dòng)物的內(nèi)耳道相對(duì)狹窄。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Canalsweregenerallyusedtopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.However,bycarefullylookingattheirbiomechanics,wefiguredthatwecouldalsousethemtoinferbodytemperature,”saysRomainDavid,oneofthestudy’sleadauthors.“Thisisbecause,likehoney,thefluidinsidecanalsgetsrunnierwhentemperatureincreases,impactingfunction.Therefore,duringthetransitiontoendothermy,physicaladaptationwasrequiredtokeepbestperformances,andwecouldtrackearcanalsinmammalancestors.”(“運(yùn)河通常被用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)化石生物的運(yùn)動(dòng)。然而，通過(guò)仔細(xì)觀察它們的生物力學(xué)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們也可以用它們來(lái)推斷體溫，”該研究的主要作者之一羅曼·大衛(wèi)說(shuō)?！斑@是因?yàn)椋穹涿垡粯?，?dāng)溫度升高時(shí)，管道內(nèi)的液體會(huì)變得更流動(dòng)，影響功能。因此，在向恒溫動(dòng)物過(guò)渡的過(guò)程中，需要身體適應(yīng)以保持最佳表現(xiàn)，我們可以追蹤哺乳動(dòng)物祖先的耳道?！?”可知，本段講述了研究哺乳動(dòng)物耳道的理由。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thismethodshowsrealpromisebecauseithasbeenconfirmedusingaverylargenumberofmodernspecies.(這種方法顯示出真正的希望，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)被大量的現(xiàn)代物種所證實(shí)。)”可推知，作者對(duì)追蹤進(jìn)化變化的新方法持贊賞態(tài)度。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoBeLessEmotionalBeingoverlyemotionalmaymeanreactingtofeelingslikeanger,sadnessandfearquicklyinsteadoflettingallofyourintelligenceweighin.Chancesare,ifyoufeeloverlyemotionalyouarerelatingtoyouremotionsinawaythatisn'talwaysconstructive.___16___Identifyemotions.It'simportanttoknowwhatyoufeelsoyoucanadequatelyaddresseachemotionappropriately.___17___Ifyoufeelanger,forinstance,youmaystarttonoticeyourbreathingquickening,yourmusclestensing,oryourskinfeelingflushed.Ifyou'rehappy,youmaynoticesmilingorfeelingsoflightnessinyourbody.___18___Theycanhelpcalmyoudownwhenyou'reexperiencingoverwhelmingemotions.Ifyou'refeelingoverwhelmedbyemotionalintensity,pausetofocusonyourbreathing.Breathingtechniquescanhelpyoumanageyouremotionsmoreeffectivelyandhelpyouhandleintenseemotionsbetter.Youmaynoticethatasyouexperienceintenseemotions,theybringyoufurtherfromexperiencingyourselfandyourbody.Monitoryourexpectations.Sometimes,thewayyoufeelmaybeinfluencedbyhowyouexpecttofeel.___19___Ifyounoticeyourselfplacingexpectationsonhowyou“should”feel,holdoffonmakingthatjudgmentuntilyou'vecompletedthesituation.Or,youmayconsiderwhichsituationsyouwanttoenterintobeforehand.Adjustyourroutinestoreducestress.Thinkaboutwhateventstriggeryourstrongemotions,andtrytoeitheravoidthemorcontrolyourresponse.Forinstance,ifyoutendtogetanxiousbecauseyouoftenrunlateforwork,adjustyourmorningroutinesoyouarenotrushing.___20___A.Copewithyouremotions.B.Practicebreathingtechniques.C.However,it'simportanttolearntoregulateyouremotions.D.Ifyoufeelanxious,youmaynoticeyouburnalotofemotionalenergyworrying.E.Starttoreflectonhowyourbodyfeelswhenyounoticeanemotioncomingthrough.F.Ifthereisagroupofpeoplethatbringoutlotsofunpleasantemotions,decreaseyourtimewiththem.G.Forinstance,ifyouexpectthatwatchingamoviemaymakeyousad,youmayendupfeelingsad.【答案】16.C17.E18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了如何不過(guò)度情緒化的有效方式?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Beingoverlyemotionalmaymeanreactingtofeelingslikeanger,sadnessandfearquicklyinsteadoflettingallofyourintelligenceweighin.Chancesare,ifyoufeeloverlyemotionalyouarerelatingtoyouremotionsinawaythatisn'talwaysconstructive.(過(guò)度情緒化可能意味著對(duì)憤怒、悲傷和恐懼等情緒的反應(yīng)很快，而不是讓你所有的智力都發(fā)揮作用。很有可能，如果你感覺(jué)過(guò)于情緒化，那么你處理情緒的方式并不總是建設(shè)性的)”及下文小標(biāo)題講述如何不過(guò)度情緒化的策略可知，C項(xiàng)“然而，學(xué)會(huì)調(diào)節(jié)情緒是很重要的?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，承上啟下，與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文內(nèi)容。故選C。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Identifyemotions.It'simportanttoknowwhatyoufeelsoyoucanadequatelyaddresseachemotionappropriately.(識(shí)別情緒。了解自己感受是很重要的，這樣你才能適當(dāng)?shù)靥幚砻恳环N情緒)”可知，要識(shí)別自己的情緒，了解自己的感受以便于適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚砬榫w。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你注意到一種情緒時(shí)，開(kāi)始反思你的身體是如何感受的?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選E。【18題詳解】空處為段落標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Theycanhelpcalmyoudownwhenyou'reexperiencingoverwhelmingemotions.Ifyou'refeelingoverwhelmedbyemotionalintensity,pausetofocusonyourbreathing.Breathingtechniquescanhelpyoumanageyouremotionsmoreeffectivelyandhelpyouhandleintenseemotionsbetter.(當(dāng)你情緒失控時(shí)，它們可以幫助你平靜下來(lái)。如果你被強(qiáng)烈的情緒壓得喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)，停下來(lái)專注于你的呼吸。呼吸技巧可以幫助你更有效地管理你的情緒，幫助你更好地處理強(qiáng)烈的情緒)”可知，本段建議通過(guò)呼吸調(diào)整情緒。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“練習(xí)呼吸技巧?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，承上啟下。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Monitoryourexpectations.Sometimes,thewayyoufeelmaybeinfluencedbyhowyouexpecttofeel.(監(jiān)控你的期望。有時(shí)候，你的感受可能會(huì)受到你期望的感受的影響)”可知，情緒感受會(huì)受到期待的影響，因此要監(jiān)控自己的期待，結(jié)合下文“Ifyounoticeyourselfplacingexpectationsonhowyou“should”feel,holdoffonmakingthatjudgmentuntilyou'vecompletedthesituation.Or,youmayconsiderwhichsituationsyouwanttoenterintobeforehand.(如果你注意到自己對(duì)自己“應(yīng)該”的感覺(jué)抱有期望，那么在你完成這個(gè)情況之前，先不要做出這樣的判斷。或者，你可以事先考慮你想要進(jìn)入哪些情況)”可知，我們要監(jiān)控自己的期待的方式。由此可知，G項(xiàng)“例如，如果你期望看一部電影會(huì)讓你感到悲傷，你最終可能會(huì)感到悲傷?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，承上啟下。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Adjustyourroutinestoreducestress.Thinkaboutwhateventstriggeryourstrongemotions,andtrytoeitheravoidthemorcontrolyourresponse.Forinstance,ifyoutendtogetanxiousbecauseyouoftenrunlateforwork,adjustyourmorningroutinesoyouarenotrushing.(調(diào)整你日常生活以減少壓力。想想是什么事件觸發(fā)了你強(qiáng)烈的情緒，然后試著避免它們或者控制你的反應(yīng)。例如，如果你經(jīng)常因?yàn)樯习噙t到而感到焦慮，那就調(diào)整一下你的早晨習(xí)慣，這樣你就不會(huì)趕時(shí)間了)”可知，通過(guò)調(diào)整日常生活減少情緒化，并舉例說(shuō)明。由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“如果有一群人會(huì)給你帶來(lái)很多不愉快的情緒，那就減少和他們?cè)谝黄鸬臅r(shí)間。”符合語(yǔ)境，與前文都是舉例說(shuō)明如何調(diào)整日常生活減少情緒化。故選F。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Inelementaryschool,myfathertoldme,“Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyou'lldowhenyougrowup;thekeyisthatitwillmakeyoupleased.___21___isthewholepointoflife.Itneeds___22___andeffort.Yourmotherlovestohelppeople___23___,soshebecameanurse.Ilovereadingandpoetry,soIbecameapoet.Webothfindhappinessindailyhardwork.”AfewyearslaterwhenIwasinjuniorhigh,myheadteacher___24___withmeafterschoolbecauseIwasn’t___25___.Shementionedsomesuccessfulpeopleinhistoryduringtheconversation.Thensheaskedwhatmy___26___was.ItoldherthatIjustwantedtobehappy.She___27___foramomentandthensheagreedwithme.WhenIwasayounggirl,theletterthatmygrandmawrotetomehadalineabout“___28___happinessinhardwork”,whichismymottothatstillresonates(產(chǎn)生共鳴)withmetoday.Ifindsomepeopleattachtothe___29___thatlifeshouldbeeasierthanitis.___30___,Ithink,regardlessofwhatyou___31___,youmustn’tneglecthardwork,becausehappinessishiddenin___32___.Sincegraduationfromcollege,Ihavebeen___33___topassingallmyknowledgetomystudents.Ifindhappinesswhenmyhardworkis___34___bytheirrespectandloveforme.Becauseofmycontributionto___35___,IwontheExcellentTeacherAwardthisyearandI'lldomoreinthefuture.21.A.Fitness B.Happiness C.Forgiveness D.Calmness22.A.confidence B.satisfaction C.experience D.enthusiasm23.A.inneed B.inpanic C.inpoor D.ingeneral24.A.joked B.dealt C.talked D.quarreled25.A.active B.attractive C.cautious D.ambitious26.A.secret B.dream C.concern D.feature27.A.thought B.cried C.laughed D.waited28.A.spreading B.defining C.imagining D.seeking29.A.suggestion B.exception C.expectation D.conclusion30.A.Otherwise B.Moreover C.However D.Therefore31.A.giveup B.pickout C.engagein D.comeacross32.A.effort B.darkness C.courage D.trouble33.A.devoted B.limited C.tried D.expected34.A.determined B.inspired C.replaced D.repaid35.A.history B.education C.medicine D.literature【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.D29.C30.C31.C32.A33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章講述了作者從小受到父親的教育，認(rèn)為幸福是生活的全部意義，希望成為一個(gè)通過(guò)努力而獲得幸福的人，并最終成為了一名優(yōu)秀的教師，也找到了快樂(lè)和幸福?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幸福是生活的全部意義。A.Fitness健康；B.Happiness高興，幸福；C.Forgiveness原諒；D.Calmness冷靜。上文“thekeyisthatitwillmakeyoupleased”提到關(guān)鍵是要高興，故此處指幸福是生活的全部意義，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它需要熱情和努力。A.confidence信心；B.satisfaction滿意；C.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；D.enthusiasm熱情。根據(jù)下文“Yourmotherlovestohelppeople___3___,soshebecameanurse.”可知，母親由于熱愛(ài)而成為護(hù)士，故此處指它需要熱情，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你媽媽喜歡幫助有需要的人，所以她當(dāng)了護(hù)士。A.inneed需要，在困難中；B.inpanic恐慌；C.inpoor在貧窮中；D.ingeneral一般來(lái)說(shuō)。根據(jù)“soshebecameanurse”可知，成為護(hù)士應(yīng)是為了幫助有需要的人，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年后，當(dāng)我上初中的時(shí)候，我的班主任在放學(xué)后和我談話，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有抱負(fù)。A.joked開(kāi)玩笑；B.dealt處理；C.talked談?wù)?，交談；D.quarreled爭(zhēng)吵。結(jié)合