山東省臨沂市河東區(qū)2023-2024學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題 含解析

2022級普通高中學科素養(yǎng)水平監(jiān)測試卷英語（試卷滿分：150分考試時間：120分鐘）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上，錄音內容結束后你將有兩分鐘的時間將答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howwillthemangohome?A.Bybike.B.Bysubway.C.Bybus.2.Whathappenedtothewoman'sson?A.Hehurthisarm.B.Hehadaheadache.C.Hegotpainsinhisfingers.3.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Dohishomework.B.WatchTV.C.Playfootball.4.WhatisMary'sphonenumber?A.97756431.B.86727151.C.86727115.5.Whatisthemanlookingfor?A.Acomputer.B.Acupoftea.C.Abook.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.WhatwillthewomandoforAlbert'sbirthday?A.Decoratehisroom.B.Organizeaparty.C.Prepareabigdinner.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantobring?A.Juice.B.Acake.C.Fruit.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aninterview.B.AnEnglishclass.C.Apieceofhomework.9.WhatdidMr.Graytalkalotabout?A.ThemethodsoflearningEnglish.B.Thecultureofsomecountries.C.Therulesintheclassroom.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whathasthemandecidedtodoforhisholiday?A.Goclimbing.B.Gohiking.C.Gocamping.11.Howlongwillthemanbeaway?A.Sevendays.B.Sixdays.C.Fivedays.12.Whatisthewoman'sopinionabouthikingandclimbing?A.Fun.B.Tiring.C.Relaxing.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Atarestaurant.14.Whodoesthegirlusuallytalktowhensheisupset?A.Herfriends.B.Herparents.C.Herteachers.15.Wherewouldthegirltalkwithherfriend?A.Inashoppingcentre.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inacafe.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthegirldo?A.Studyhard.B.Shopwithherfriends.C.Getintouchwithherfriendsoften.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.Whyisthespeakerusuallyhungrybylunchtime?A.Shedoesn'teatbiscuitsatwork.B.Sheonlyhasadrinkforbreakfast.C.Sheworksveryhard.18.Whendoesthespeakerendherlunchbreak?A.Atabout1:15.B.Atabout2:00.C.Atabout2:15.19.Whatdoesthespeakerdrinkforlunch?A.Tea.B.Coffee.C.Water.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofherlife?A.Stressful.B.Enjoyable.C.Unhealthy.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。ASaveyourannualleaveandexplorebeautifultownsandplaceswithdaytripslessthantwohoursfromLondon,offeringachangeofscenery,deliciousfoodandagoodwalk.Youcanheadintoworkthenextdayfeelingrefreshed.MargateTheoldwillrememberMargateasasomewhatmockedholidaylocation,avintage(復古的)styleamusementparkwithrides.However,theyoungarenowmovinghereindrovesastheytakeadvantageoftheexcellenttransportlinksandtheworkingopportunities.AnotherdrawistheTurnerContemporaryartgalleryopenedin2011tocelebrateartistJMWTurner,andhisconnectiontoMargate.Thegalleryisfreetoenterandhasspectacularviews.TheNewForestAtover200squaremiles,theNewForestisaprotectednationalparkdottedwithsmalltowns.Therearemanytrailstowalkorcycle,whichareworthplanninginadvance.Thenewforest.co.ukisausefulresourceasithaswalkingandcycleroutessplitintofamily,dog-friendlyandthosethattakeinpubsorvillages.BrightonThereissomethingforeveryoneinBrighton:traditionalfishandchips,veganandrestaurants,theRoyalPavilionandshops—bothvintageandcontemporary—sellingclothing,jewellery,chocolateandrecords.AnyofthesmallcoffeeshopswouldbeagreatfirststopbeforeheadingtotheverypinkBooksforAmnestyshop.TheCotswoldsWiththeinstantlyrecognisablepale-yellowstonecottagesandseeminglyunendingsupplyofpubs,thetownsandvillagesthatcomprisetheCotswoldsarewellworthavisit.SpendthemorningwalkingaroundChippingNorton,amarkettownwithshopsandtheatres.Besuretopop-intoJafféandNeale,thebookshopandcafethathasbeenopensince2006.1.WhatattractstheyoungergenerationinMargate?A.Itsamusementpark. B.Theprotectednationalpark.C.TheTurnerContemporaryartgallery. D.Itsconvenienttransportationandworkingchances.2.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttowalkwithyourdog?A.Brighton. B.TheNewForest. C.Margate. D.TheCotswolds.3.WhatdoBrightonandTheCotswoldshaveincommon?A.Lifestyle. B.Traditionalfood. C.Coffeehouses. D.Ancientcottages.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個旅游目的地，從倫敦出發(fā)不到兩小時的一日游，探索美麗的城鎮(zhèn)和地方，提供改變風景，美味的食物和良好的散步。第二天可以精神抖擻地去上班?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Margate部分的“However,theyoungarenowmovinghereindrovesastheytakeadvantageoftheexcellenttransportlinksandtheworkingopportunities.(然而，年輕人現(xiàn)在正成群結隊地搬到這里，因為他們利用了這里良好的交通聯(lián)系和工作機會)”可知，Margate吸引年輕人的地方是便利的交通和工作機會。故選D。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據TheNewForest部分的“Thenewforest.co.ukisausefulresourceasithaswalkingandcycleroutessplitintofamily,dog-friendlyandthosethattakeinpubsorvillages.(Thenewforest.co.uk是一個有用的資源，因為它有步行和自行車路線分為家庭路線、狗友好路線和酒吧或村莊路線)”可知，如果你想遛狗，你應該去TheNewForest。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Brighton部分“AnyofthesmallcoffeeshopswouldbeagreatfirststopbeforeheadingtotheverypinkBooksforAmnestyshop.(在前往非常粉紅色的大赦書籍商店之前，任何一家小咖啡館都是不錯的第一站)”和TheCotswolds部分的“Besuretopop-intoJafféandNeale,thebookshopandcafethathasbeenopensince2006.(一定要去JaffeveandNeale逛逛，這家書店兼咖啡館從2006年就開始營業(yè)了)”可知，這兩個地方都有咖啡屋。故選C。BInasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.Otherthancustomers,touristswhocometovisitthenearbyJawaiDamoftenstopbyheretohandplasticwasteovertotheshopkeeper.RunbyKanaRamMewada,theshopnotonlysellsteaandsnacks,butalsoleadsacampaigntoreducetheuseofsingle-useplasticinthevillage.AccordingtoareportoftheCentralPollutionControlBoard(CPCB)in2019—2020,3.5millionmetrictons(公噸)ofplasticwasteisannuallygeneratedinIndia,andwillremaininlandfills(垃圾填埋場)fortheupcominghundredsofyears.KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.Hestartedacampaignbycollectingplasticwastefromhisownshopandroadside.Whenevercustomerscame,heexplainedthecampaign.Inordertoattractmorepeople,hestartedgivingsomethinginreturnforthewastetheybrought.Sometimes,hepurchasedafewthingsmadeofrecycledwastetoshowthevillagersandtoldthemtheywerecreatedfromtheirplasticwastecontribution.Healsomadedecorativeitemsoutofthewasteandplacedthemaroundtheshop.Asaresult,peoplefromthevillagebecamecuriousabouthiscampaign.Eventouristsbeganparticipatingintheexchange.Andtoday,theforest,riversandpublicspacesthatwereoncefilledwithplasticwastearecleanerthanbefore.Hehopesthathecanalsohelptheneighboringvillagesrecycleplasticwasteandmakethewholeareaplastic-free.“Whenanordinarypersonlikemedecidedtostartacause,itwasinspiringthatawholevillagestoodbymeandsupportedme.Wecanallbecometorchbearers(啟蒙者)forabettertomorrow.Whatwehavetodoistakeastepforward,”hesaid.4.WhatledKanatostartthecampaign?A.Anonlinereport. B.Tourists’behavior.C.Customers’advice. D.Hisvisittolandfills.5.WhydidKanaplaceplasticdecorationsaroundhisshop?A.Togetmorepeopletojoinhiscampaign. B.Toteachshoppershowtomakethem.C.Tomakehisshopmuchmorebeautiful. D.Toadvertisethegoodsinhisshop.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKana?A.Considerateandproud. B.Ambitiousandgenerous.C.Responsibleandcreative. D.Determinedandhumorous.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Ashopkeeper’spathtosuccess. B.AhistorictouristspotinBisalpur.C.Auniquewayofturningwasteintoart. D.Ashopkeeper’scampaignforplasticrecycling.【答案】4.A5.A6.C7.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要說明了店主KanaRamMewada在看了網上的報告后，決定發(fā)起收集塑料垃圾，讓村莊遠離塑料的活動。他把塑料做成一些獨特的家具，吸引了很多人參與?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.(卡納在網上讀到這篇報道后深感不安，他開始思考如何提高村民的意識，讓他的村莊遠離塑料。)”可知，網上報告讓卡納發(fā)起了這場運動。故選A。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Hestartedacampaignbycollectingplasticwastefromhisownshopandroadside.Whenevercustomerscame,heexplainedthecampaign.Inordertoattractmorepeople,hestartedgivingsomethinginreturnforthewastetheybrought.(他從自己的商店和路邊收集塑料垃圾，發(fā)起了一項運動。每當顧客來了，他就向他們解釋這次活動。為了吸引更多的人，他開始為他們帶來的垃圾提供一些回報。)”可知，卡納在他的商店周圍放置塑料裝飾是為了讓更多的人加入他的運動。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.(卡納在網上讀到這篇報道后深感不安，他開始思考如何提高村民的意識，讓他的村莊遠離塑料。)”以及第一段“InasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.(在北方邦比薩爾普爾的一家小茶店里，你可以看到一些獨特的家具，比如用磚和回收塑料制成的凳子和桌子。)”可推知，卡納有責任心和創(chuàng)造性。故選C。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“InasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.Otherthancustomers,touristswhocometovisitthenearbyJawaiDamoftenstopbyheretohandplasticwasteovertotheshopkeeper.RunbyKanaRamMewada,theshopnotonlysellsteaandsnacks,butalsoleadsacampaigntoreducetheuseofsingle-useplasticinthevillage.(在北方邦比薩爾普爾的一家小茶店里，你可以看到一些獨特的家具，比如用磚和回收塑料制成的凳子和桌子。除了顧客之外，來附近賈瓦伊大壩參觀的游客也經常路過這里，把塑料垃圾交給店主。這家店由KanaRamMewada經營，不僅出售茶葉和零食，還領導了一場減少村里一次性塑料使用的運動。)”結合文章主要說明了店主KanaRamMewada在看了網上的報告后，決定發(fā)起收集塑料垃圾，讓村莊遠離塑料的活動。他把塑料做成一些獨特的家具，吸引了很多人參與?？芍?，這篇文章的主要內容是一個店主的塑料回收運動。故選D。CDespitethefactthatburgers,chipsandfriesareknownassomeofthemostunhealthyfoodwecaneat,theyarestillthemostpopularfood.Thereareafewreasonsbehindthat.First,junkfoodisgenerallyeasytogetandtakewithyou.Thisconvenienceisamajordrawformany,especiallypeoplewhoarealwaysonthego.RestaurantslikeMcDonald’sandKFCcanbefoundoutsidemanyschoolsandworkplaces,providingmealsinunderaminute.Secondly,junkfoodcontainsalotofaddedsugarandfat.Thiskindoffoodcausesourbraintosendoutcertainchemicals,whichproducethefeelingofrelaxation,pleasureandenjoyment.That’swhysuchfoodiscalled“comfortfood”.Thirdly,ourancestorsdidn’thavesucheasyaccesstothehugevarietyoffoodwecomeacrosseveryday.Theydidn’thavetheconvenienceofhavingfoodaseasilyaswedo.Sotheymadeitahabittoeatasmuchastheycouldtosurviveandprotectthemselvesfromthehardnaturalconditions.Thecavementality(心理)ispasseddowntous,whichmakesusbelievethatwecanneverhaveenoughfoodthatishighinsugarandfat,nomatterhowcrazilyweeat.Besides,whenwearetooworriedandtiredtorelax,ourbodyproducescortisol(皮質醇),whichincreasesthesugarcontentintheblood,soitcanbeusedasenergytoaidinfatandcarbohydratemetabolism(碳水化合物代謝).Additionally,itisalsofoundtoincreasehunger.That’sthereasonwhywhenwe’rethinkingaboutunpleasantthings,wepreferfoodsthatarehighinsugar,fatandcarbohydrate,thatistosayunhealthyfood.8.WhyareMcDonald’sandKFCmentioned?A.Toshowtheytakeupthebestsite. B.Toshowtheyprovidegoodservice.C.Toshowtheyarefamousfortheirtaste. D.Toshowtheymakejunkfoodeasytoget.9.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph4?A.Weneedallkindsoffood. B.Ourancestorslivedahardlife.C.Weareborntoeatmorethanweneed. D.Itisdifficultforustochangeourhabits.10.Whatisacauseoftheincreaseofsugarcontentinourbody?A.Toomuchstress. B.Awishforfood.C.Afastmetabolicrate. D.Nothavingenoughenergy.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AHowharmfuljunkfoodis. B.Whyfastfoodissodelicious.C.Howwecandevelopahealthylifestyle. D.Whyweloveunhealthyfoodsomuch.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受歡迎的幾個原因?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“First,junkfoodisgenerallyeasytogetandtakewithyou.Thisconvenienceisamajordrawformany,especiallypeoplewhoarealwaysonthego.RestaurantslikeMcDonald’sandKFCcanbefoundoutsidemanyschoolsandworkplaces,providingmealsinunderaminute.(首先，垃圾食品通常很容易買到并隨身攜帶。這種便利是吸引許多人的主要原因，尤其是那些總是在路上的人。像麥當勞和肯德基這樣的餐廳可以在許多學校和工作場所外找到，在一分鐘內提供飯菜。)”可推知，提到麥當勞和肯德基是為了表明他們使垃圾食品很容易得到。故選D。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第四段“Thirdly,ourancestorsdidn’thavesucheasyaccesstothehugevarietyoffoodwecomeacrosseveryday.Theydidn’thavetheconvenienceofhavingfoodaseasilyaswedo.Sotheymadeitahabittoeatasmuchastheycouldtosurviveandprotectthemselvesfromthehardnaturalconditions.Thecavementality(心理)ispasseddowntous,whichmakesusbelievethatwecanneverhaveenoughfoodthatishighinsugarandfat,nomatterhowcrazilyweeat.(第三，我們的祖先沒有這么容易獲得我們每天遇到的各種各樣的食物。他們不像我們這樣容易得到食物。因此，他們養(yǎng)成了盡可能多吃的習慣，以生存并保護自己免受惡劣的自然條件的影響。洞穴心態(tài)傳給了我們，這讓我們相信，無論我們吃得多么瘋狂，我們都永遠不會有足夠的高糖和高脂肪的食物。)”可知，第四段告訴我們，我們生來就吃得比我們需要的多。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“Besides,whenwearetooworriedandtiredtorelax,ourbodyproducescortisol(皮質醇),whichincreasesthesugarcontentintheblood,soitcanbeusedasenergytoaidinfatandcarbohydratemetabolism(碳水化合物代謝).Additionally,itisalsofoundtoincreasehunger.(此外，當我們過于擔心和疲勞而無法放松時，我們的身體會產生皮質醇，這會增加血液中的糖含量，因此它可以作為能量來幫助脂肪和碳水化合物的代謝。此外，它還會增加饑餓感。)”可知，壓力太大導致我們體內的糖含量增加。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Despitethefactthatburgers,chipsandfriesareknownassomeofthemostunhealthyfoodwecaneat,theyarestillthemostpopularfood.(盡管漢堡、薯條和薯條被認為是最不健康的食物，但它們仍然是最受歡迎的食物。)”結合文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受歡迎的幾個原因?？芍?，這篇文章的主要內容是為什么我們這么喜歡不健康的食物。故選D。DOneofthethingsthatmakehumansmammals(哺乳動物)isthatwe’rewarm-blooded—ourbodieshavehighmetabolism(新陳代謝)thatmaintainsourinternaltemperatureindependentofthesurroundings,unlikecold-bloodedanimalsthathavetolieinthesunforheat.Amongmodernanimals,onlymammalsandbirdsarewarm-bloodedandourabilitytokeepourselveswarmhasenabledustosurviveinicyweatherandmakelongmigrations.Butit’sbeenamysteryexactlywhenmammalsevolvedtheirhighmetabolism.Inanewstudy,scientistspointtoanunlikelysourcefordeterminingwhenancientmammalancestorsbecamewarm-blooded.Theearsofalllivingcreaturesthathavebackbonescontaintinycanals(管道)filledwithfluidthathelpsusbalance.Therunniness(流動性)ofthatfluidchangesbasedontemperature,andourinnerearshaveevolveddifferentsizessothatthefluidcanflowcorrectly.Cold-bloodedanimals’earfluidiscoolerandthicker,soitneedswiderspacestotravelthrough,whilewarm-bloodedanimalshaverunnierearfluid,soourcanalsaredifferent.“Canalsweregenerallyusedtopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.However,bycarefullylookingattheirbiomechanics(生物力學),wefiguredthatwecouldalsousethemtoinferbodytemperature,”saysRomainDavid,oneofthestudy’sleadauthors.“Thisisbecause,likehoney,thefluidinsidecanalsgetsrunnierwhentemperatureincreases,impactingfunction.Therefore,duringthetransitiontoendothermy(溫血性),physicaladaptationwasrequiredtokeepbestperformances,andwecouldtrackearcanalsinmammalancestors.”Totracktheseevolutionarychanges,theresearcherscomparedthesizesoftheinnerearcanalsofover300animals,including243livingspeciesand64extinctones.Theyfoundthatmammalancestorsdidn’tdevelopthekindsofinnerearstructuresidealforwarm-bloodedanimalsuntil233millionyearsago.Theoriginofmammalianendothermyisoneofthegreatmysteriestobesolved.Manydifferentapproacheshavebeenusedtotrytopredictwhenitfirstevolved,buttheyhaveoftengivenunclearorconflictingresults.Thismethodshowsrealpromisebecauseithasbeenconfirmedusingaverylargenumberofmodernspecies.12.Whichofthefollowingmightbethekeytomammals’longmigrations?A.Thelargebodysize. B.Therichfoodresources.C.Thewarm-bloodedness. D.Theadaptabilitytosurroundings.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutwarm-bloodedanimalscomparedtocold-bloodedones?A.Theyhavemuchbiggerbackbones.B.Theirinnerearcanalsarerelativelynarrow.C.Theyaremuchmoresensitivetooutsidesounds.D.Theirearfluidseldomchangeswithtemperature.14.WhatdoRomainDavid’swordsinparagraph3mainlytellus?A.Theoriesontheevolutionofmammalancestors.B.Thereasonforstudyingtheinnerearsofmammals.C.Theimportanceofphysicaladaptationtomammals.D.Possiblewaystopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothenewmethodoftrackingevolutionarychanges?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.A【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過研究動物的內耳可以研究哺乳動物為什么是恒溫動物?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Amongmodernanimals,onlymammalsandbirdsarewarm-bloodedandourabilitytokeepourselveswarmhasenabledustosurviveinicyweatherandmakelongmigrations.(在現(xiàn)代動物中，只有哺乳動物和鳥類是恒溫動物，我們保持體溫的能力使我們能夠在寒冷的天氣中生存，并進行長途遷徙。)”可知，哺乳動物能進行長途遷徙的關鍵是因為是恒溫動物。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“Theearsofalllivingcreaturesthathavebackbonescontaintinycanalsfilledwithfluidthathelpsusbalance.Therunninessofthatfluidchangesbasedontemperature,andourinnerearshaveevolveddifferentsizessothatthefluidcanflowcorrectly.Cold-bloodedanimals’earfluidiscoolerandthicker,soitneedswiderspacestotravelthrough,whilewarm-bloodedanimalshaverunnierearfluid,soourcanalsaredifferent.(所有有脊椎的生物的耳朵里都有微小的管道，里面充滿液體，幫助我們保持平衡。這種液體的流動性會隨著溫度的變化而變化，我們的內耳也進化出了不同的大小，這樣液體才能正常流動。冷血動物的耳液更冷、更厚，所以需要更寬的空間來通過，而恒溫動物的耳液更流動，所以我們的耳道是不同的。)”可知，比起冷血動物，恒溫動物的內耳道相對狹窄。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段““Canalsweregenerallyusedtopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.However,bycarefullylookingattheirbiomechanics,wefiguredthatwecouldalsousethemtoinferbodytemperature,”saysRomainDavid,oneofthestudy’sleadauthors.“Thisisbecause,likehoney,thefluidinsidecanalsgetsrunnierwhentemperatureincreases,impactingfunction.Therefore,duringthetransitiontoendothermy,physicaladaptationwasrequiredtokeepbestperformances,andwecouldtrackearcanalsinmammalancestors.”(“運河通常被用來預測化石生物的運動。然而，通過仔細觀察它們的生物力學，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們也可以用它們來推斷體溫，”該研究的主要作者之一羅曼·大衛(wèi)說?！斑@是因為，像蜂蜜一樣，當溫度升高時，管道內的液體會變得更流動，影響功能。因此，在向恒溫動物過渡的過程中，需要身體適應以保持最佳表現(xiàn)，我們可以追蹤哺乳動物祖先的耳道?！?”可知，本段講述了研究哺乳動物耳道的理由。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Thismethodshowsrealpromisebecauseithasbeenconfirmedusingaverylargenumberofmodernspecies.(這種方法顯示出真正的希望，因為它已經被大量的現(xiàn)代物種所證實。)”可推知，作者對追蹤進化變化的新方法持贊賞態(tài)度。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoBeLessEmotionalBeingoverlyemotionalmaymeanreactingtofeelingslikeanger,sadnessandfearquicklyinsteadoflettingallofyourintelligenceweighin.Chancesare,ifyoufeeloverlyemotionalyouarerelatingtoyouremotionsinawaythatisn'talwaysconstructive.___16___Identifyemotions.It'simportanttoknowwhatyoufeelsoyoucanadequatelyaddresseachemotionappropriately.___17___Ifyoufeelanger,forinstance,youmaystarttonoticeyourbreathingquickening,yourmusclestensing,oryourskinfeelingflushed.Ifyou'rehappy,youmaynoticesmilingorfeelingsoflightnessinyourbody.___18___Theycanhelpcalmyoudownwhenyou'reexperiencingoverwhelmingemotions.Ifyou'refeelingoverwhelmedbyemotionalintensity,pausetofocusonyourbreathing.Breathingtechniquescanhelpyoumanageyouremotionsmoreeffectivelyandhelpyouhandleintenseemotionsbetter.Youmaynoticethatasyouexperienceintenseemotions,theybringyoufurtherfromexperiencingyourselfandyourbody.Monitoryourexpectations.Sometimes,thewayyoufeelmaybeinfluencedbyhowyouexpecttofeel.___19___Ifyounoticeyourselfplacingexpectationsonhowyou“should”feel,holdoffonmakingthatjudgmentuntilyou'vecompletedthesituation.Or,youmayconsiderwhichsituationsyouwanttoenterintobeforehand.Adjustyourroutinestoreducestress.Thinkaboutwhateventstriggeryourstrongemotions,andtrytoeitheravoidthemorcontrolyourresponse.Forinstance,ifyoutendtogetanxiousbecauseyouoftenrunlateforwork,adjustyourmorningroutinesoyouarenotrushing.___20___A.Copewithyouremotions.B.Practicebreathingtechniques.C.However,it'simportanttolearntoregulateyouremotions.D.Ifyoufeelanxious,youmaynoticeyouburnalotofemotionalenergyworrying.E.Starttoreflectonhowyourbodyfeelswhenyounoticeanemotioncomingthrough.F.Ifthereisagroupofpeoplethatbringoutlotsofunpleasantemotions,decreaseyourtimewiththem.G.Forinstance,ifyouexpectthatwatchingamoviemaymakeyousad,youmayendupfeelingsad.【答案】16.C17.E18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何不過度情緒化的有效方式?！?6題詳解】根據前文“Beingoverlyemotionalmaymeanreactingtofeelingslikeanger,sadnessandfearquicklyinsteadoflettingallofyourintelligenceweighin.Chancesare,ifyoufeeloverlyemotionalyouarerelatingtoyouremotionsinawaythatisn'talwaysconstructive.(過度情緒化可能意味著對憤怒、悲傷和恐懼等情緒的反應很快，而不是讓你所有的智力都發(fā)揮作用。很有可能，如果你感覺過于情緒化，那么你處理情緒的方式并不總是建設性的)”及下文小標題講述如何不過度情緒化的策略可知，C項“然而，學會調節(jié)情緒是很重要的?！狈险Z境，承上啟下，與前文是轉折關系，引出下文內容。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據前文“Identifyemotions.It'simportanttoknowwhatyoufeelsoyoucanadequatelyaddresseachemotionappropriately.(識別情緒。了解自己感受是很重要的，這樣你才能適當?shù)靥幚砻恳环N情緒)”可知，要識別自己的情緒，了解自己的感受以便于適當?shù)奶幚砬榫w。由此可知，E項“當你注意到一種情緒時，開始反思你的身體是如何感受的。”符合語境。故選E。【18題詳解】空處為段落標題，根據后文“Theycanhelpcalmyoudownwhenyou'reexperiencingoverwhelmingemotions.Ifyou'refeelingoverwhelmedbyemotionalintensity,pausetofocusonyourbreathing.Breathingtechniquescanhelpyoumanageyouremotionsmoreeffectivelyandhelpyouhandleintenseemotionsbetter.(當你情緒失控時，它們可以幫助你平靜下來。如果你被強烈的情緒壓得喘不過氣來，停下來專注于你的呼吸。呼吸技巧可以幫助你更有效地管理你的情緒，幫助你更好地處理強烈的情緒)”可知，本段建議通過呼吸調整情緒。由此可知，B項“練習呼吸技巧?！狈险Z境，承上啟下。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據前文“Monitoryourexpectations.Sometimes,thewayyoufeelmaybeinfluencedbyhowyouexpecttofeel.(監(jiān)控你的期望。有時候，你的感受可能會受到你期望的感受的影響)”可知，情緒感受會受到期待的影響，因此要監(jiān)控自己的期待，結合下文“Ifyounoticeyourselfplacingexpectationsonhowyou“should”feel,holdoffonmakingthatjudgmentuntilyou'vecompletedthesituation.Or,youmayconsiderwhichsituationsyouwanttoenterintobeforehand.(如果你注意到自己對自己“應該”的感覺抱有期望，那么在你完成這個情況之前，先不要做出這樣的判斷。或者，你可以事先考慮你想要進入哪些情況)”可知，我們要監(jiān)控自己的期待的方式。由此可知，G項“例如，如果你期望看一部電影會讓你感到悲傷，你最終可能會感到悲傷?！狈险Z境，承上啟下。故選G。【20題詳解】根據前文“Adjustyourroutinestoreducestress.Thinkaboutwhateventstriggeryourstrongemotions,andtrytoeitheravoidthemorcontrolyourresponse.Forinstance,ifyoutendtogetanxiousbecauseyouoftenrunlateforwork,adjustyourmorningroutinesoyouarenotrushing.(調整你日常生活以減少壓力。想想是什么事件觸發(fā)了你強烈的情緒，然后試著避免它們或者控制你的反應。例如，如果你經常因為上班遲到而感到焦慮，那就調整一下你的早晨習慣，這樣你就不會趕時間了)”可知，通過調整日常生活減少情緒化，并舉例說明。由此可知，F(xiàn)項“如果有一群人會給你帶來很多不愉快的情緒，那就減少和他們在一起的時間?！狈险Z境，與前文都是舉例說明如何調整日常生活減少情緒化。故選F。第三部分：語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Inelementaryschool,myfathertoldme,“Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyou'lldowhenyougrowup;thekeyisthatitwillmakeyoupleased.___21___isthewholepointoflife.Itneeds___22___andeffort.Yourmotherlovestohelppeople___23___,soshebecameanurse.Ilovereadingandpoetry,soIbecameapoet.Webothfindhappinessindailyhardwork.”AfewyearslaterwhenIwasinjuniorhigh,myheadteacher___24___withmeafterschoolbecauseIwasn’t___25___.Shementionedsomesuccessfulpeopleinhistoryduringtheconversation.Thensheaskedwhatmy___26___was.ItoldherthatIjustwantedtobehappy.She___27___foramomentandthensheagreedwithme.WhenIwasayounggirl,theletterthatmygrandmawrotetomehadalineabout“___28___happinessinhardwork”,whichismymottothatstillresonates(產生共鳴)withmetoday.Ifindsomepeopleattachtothe___29___thatlifeshouldbeeasierthanitis.___30___,Ithink,regardlessofwhatyou___31___,youmustn’tneglecthardwork,becausehappinessishiddenin___32___.Sincegraduationfromcollege,Ihavebeen___33___topassingallmyknowledgetomystudents.Ifindhappinesswhenmyhardworkis___34___bytheirrespectandloveforme.Becauseofmycontributionto___35___,IwontheExcellentTeacherAwardthisyearandI'lldomoreinthefuture.21.A.Fitness B.Happiness C.Forgiveness D.Calmness22.A.confidence B.satisfaction C.experience D.enthusiasm23.A.inneed B.inpanic C.inpoor D.ingeneral24.A.joked B.dealt C.talked D.quarreled25.A.active B.attractive C.cautious D.ambitious26.A.secret B.dream C.concern D.feature27.A.thought B.cried C.laughed D.waited28.A.spreading B.defining C.imagining D.seeking29.A.suggestion B.exception C.expectation D.conclusion30.A.Otherwise B.Moreover C.However D.Therefore31.A.giveup B.pickout C.engagein D.comeacross32.A.effort B.darkness C.courage D.trouble33.A.devoted B.limited C.tried D.expected34.A.determined B.inspired C.replaced D.repaid35.A.history B.education C.medicine D.literature【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.D29.C30.C31.C32.A33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文，文章講述了作者從小受到父親的教育，認為幸福是生活的全部意義，希望成為一個通過努力而獲得幸福的人，并最終成為了一名優(yōu)秀的教師，也找到了快樂和幸福?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幸福是生活的全部意義。A.Fitness健康；B.Happiness高興，幸福；C.Forgiveness原諒；D.Calmness冷靜。上文“thekeyisthatitwillmakeyoupleased”提到關鍵是要高興，故此處指幸福是生活的全部意義，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它需要熱情和努力。A.confidence信心；B.satisfaction滿意；C.experience經驗；D.enthusiasm熱情。根據下文“Yourmotherlovestohelppeople___3___,soshebecameanurse.”可知，母親由于熱愛而成為護士，故此處指它需要熱情，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：你媽媽喜歡幫助有需要的人，所以她當了護士。A.inneed需要，在困難中；B.inpanic恐慌；C.inpoor在貧窮中；D.ingeneral一般來說。根據“soshebecameanurse”可知，成為護士應是為了幫助有需要的人，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年后，當我上初中的時候，我的班主任在放學后和我談話，因為我沒有抱負。A.joked開玩笑；B.dealt處理；C.talked談論，交談；D.quarreled爭吵。結合