人教版2019高中英語新教材必修一Unit4單詞詳解

人教版高中英語新教材必修一Unit

4disaster

/d??zɑ:st?(r)/

n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害tornado /t?:?ne?d??/

n. (pl.

oesoros)

龍卷風(fēng)；旋風(fēng)drought

/dra?t/

n. 旱災(zāi)；久旱landslide /?l?ndsla?d/

n.

(landfall)(山地或懸崖的)崩塌；滑坡slide

/sla?d/

vi.&vt.

(使)滑行；滑動tsunami /tsu:?nɑ:mi/

n.

海嘯各種自然災(zāi)害：1．floodn．洪水2．hurricanen. 颶風(fēng)3．sandstormn. 沙塵暴4．typhoonn. 臺風(fēng)5．volcanon. 火山6．snowstormn. 暴風(fēng)雪7．tornadon. 龍卷風(fēng)8．tsunamin. 海嘯9．landsliden. 山體滑坡10．droughtn. 旱災(zāi)；干旱flood

/fl?d/

n.

洪水；大量

vi.淹沒；大量涌入

vt.使灌滿水；淹沒befloodedwithvolcaniceruption

/v?l?k?n?k

??r?p?n/

火山噴發(fā)magnitude /?m?gn?tju:d/

n.

(地)震級；重大rescue

/?reskju:/

n.&vt.營救；救援go/etosb.'srescue＝rescuesb. 救援某人rescue...from... 把……從……營救出來①Tomrescuedaboyfromtheriveronhiswayhome.②Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldierscametoour(we)rescue.damage

/?d?m?d?/

vt. 損害；破壞

n.損壞；損失destroy

/d?'str??/

vt.

摧毀

；毀滅damage表示不是完全毀壞，損壞部分能修復(fù)。damage作名詞時，常用短語do/causedamageto，意為“對……造成損害”；destroy指徹底毀壞以致很難修復(fù)，其名詞是destructionevacuate /??v?kjue?t/

vt. 疏散；撤出

vi.撤離helicopter /?hel?k?pt?(r)/ n.

直升機(jī)death /deθ/

n.

死；死亡affect

/?'fekt/

vt.

影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動beaffectedby受……的影響；被……感動=bedeeplymoved；bedeeplytouched；beaffectedwith感染……疾病haveanaffectionfor意為“喜歡……”①M(fèi)anyyoungpeoplewereaffectedbyhisstory.Theybegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.=Affectedbyhisstory,manyyoungpeoplebegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.②Affectedwithhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.③Ihavemuchaffectionformymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffectonme.shelter

/'?elt?(r)/

n. 避難處；居所；庇護(hù)

vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽

vi.

躲避

(風(fēng)、雨或危險)crack /kr?k/

n. 裂紋；裂縫

vi.&vt.(使)破裂a(bǔ)sif

似乎；好像；仿佛＝asthough，意為“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引導(dǎo)表語從句或方式狀語從句。(1)如果所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生的情況時，從句要用陳述語氣。(2)當(dāng)說話人所陳述的是不真實的或極少可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時，從句用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用一般過去時(be動詞用were)；與過去事實相反，用haddone；與將來事實相反，用would/could/might＋動詞原形。(3)asthough/if引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句主語一致，且含有be動詞時，從句中的主語和be動詞常常可以省略。單句語法填空①Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifshewere(be)theirownmother.②Jackwasn'tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhehad_done(do)somethingveryclever.③Heopenedhismouthasifto_say(say)somethingimportant.ruin

/'ru:?n/

n.&vt.

破壞；毀壞ruin多用于借喻中，指毀壞價值、用途等。它還可作名詞，常用短語：inruins，意為“嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不堪”；inruins

嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪(1)lie/beinruins 成為廢墟bereducedtoruins 淪為廢墟(2)ruinoneself 毀掉自己；自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame 毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)單句語法填空①Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingthreeyearsagobutruins(ruin)．②WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.一句多譯③他犯了個錯誤，這讓他失去了出國的機(jī)會?！鶫emadeamistake,which_ruined_his_chanceofgoingabroad.(定語從句)→Hemadeamistake,ruining_his_chanceofgoingabroad.(分詞作狀語)percent

/p??sent/

n.

百分之……

adj.&adv.每一百種

brick

/br?k/

n.

磚；磚塊metal

/'metl/

n. 金屬shock

/??k/

n. 震驚；令人震驚的事；休克

vt.(使)震驚inshock

震驚；吃驚(1)agreatshockto... 對……是極大的震驚inshock 震驚；吃驚(2)shockedadj. 震驚的；驚訝的beshockedat/by 對……吃驚beshockedtodosth 做某事很吃驚(3)shockingadj. 令人震驚的單句語法填空①Theysatthereinshockanddisbelief.②Allofuswereshockedattheshockingnewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythemountainfire.(shock)③Iwasshockedto_hear(hear)thenewsthathehadbeenfiredbythepany.句式升級④Somanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.Allofuswereshocked.→What_shocked_all_of_us_wasthatsomanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.(主語從句)→Somanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake,which_shocked_all_of_us．(定語從句)electricity

/??lek?tr?s?ti/

n. 電；電能trap

/tr?p/

vt. 使落入險境；使陷入圈套

n.

險境；陷阱betrappedin被困住trapsbintodoingsth勸說某人做某事trapsboutofdoingsth誘騙某人不做某事bury

/?beri/

vt.

埋葬；安葬beburiedin 埋頭于；專心于buryone'sfaceinone'shands 雙手掩面①Theyoungman,whoalsoseemeddeeplyburiedinthought,raisedhiseyes.②Thegirlwassittingthere，burying(bury)herfaceinherhands.(1)bury用作“使沉浸；使專心”之意時，其后常接反身代詞作賓語或使用被動語態(tài)，搭配為：buryoneselfin/beburiedin(埋頭于；專心于)(2)表示“專心于；致力于”的其他常用短語：bedevotedto；beabsorbed/engaged/lostin；focuson；fix/concentrate/focusone'sattentionon等單句語法填空①Withsomanypeopleburied_(bury)undertheruins,noneoftherescueworkerswouldstoptohavearest.②Buried(bury)inhisstudy,hewasn'tawarethatalltheothershadleft.③Burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.句式升級④Becauseheburiedhimselfinhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.→Burying_himself_inhisbooks,hewasnotawareitwasrainingoutside.(動詞-ing形式短語作狀語)→Buried_inhisbooks,hewasnotawareitwasrainingoutside.(動詞-ed形式短語作狀語)breathe

/bri:e/

vi.&vt.呼吸breathedeeply=takeadeepbreath深呼吸revive /r??va?v/

vt.&vi.復(fù)活；(使)蘇醒

revival /r??va?vl/

n. 振興；復(fù)蘇effort

/'ef?t/

n. 努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力makeanefforttodosth. 努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth. 不遺余力地做某事makeeveryeffort 盡一切努力①M(fèi)yEnglishteachersparesnoeffortto_help(help)mewithmyEnglish.②Thelocalclubsaremakinganefforttointerestmoreyoungvolunteers.③Anotherreasonwhyweshouldnevergiveupisthatwecanlearnfromourmistakesonly_if_we_make_every_effort.另一個我們永不放棄的原因是：只有盡一切努力，我們才能從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)。unify /?ju:n?fa?/

vi.&vt.

統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體wisdom

/?w?zd?m/

n. 智慧；才智context

/?k?ntekst/

n. 上下文；語境；背景suffer

/?s?f?/

vt. 遭受；蒙受

vi.

(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦(1)sufferpain/defeat/loss 遭受痛苦/失敗/損失sufferfrom 遭受；患病Itistruethatwemaysufferfromfailurefromtimetotime.However,itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.(2)sufferingn. 苦惱；讓人痛苦的事sufferern. 患難者；患病者①paredwiththosewhoareengagedinmanuallabor,teachersaresuffering_fromgreatermentalstressnowadays.②Thereisnodenyingthatourearthissufferingseveredamage.③Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesofsufferings(suffer)duringthewar.句式升級④Johnhassufferedfromlungcancerformanyyears.Hehasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.→Having_suffered_from_lung_cancer_for_many_years,_Johnhasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.(動詞-ing形式短語作狀語)volcano

/v?l?ke?n??/

n.

(pl.

oesoros)火山erupt

/??r?pt/

vi.&vt.

(火山)爆發(fā)；(巖漿、煙等)噴出supply

/s??pla?/

n. 供應(yīng)(量)；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]

補(bǔ)給品

vt.

供應(yīng)；供給(1)inshortsupply 短缺Thenaturalresources,suchascoalandoil,areinshortsupplyinthiscountry.haveagoodsupplyof... 備有許多……school/medicalsupplies 學(xué)校/醫(yī)療用品(2)supplysthtosb=supplysbwithsth 為某人提供某物Moreover,thepetitionwillsupplyyouwithachancetodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudents.單句語法填空①Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasupplied(supply)bytheWorldAtlaslistsofar.②Thenaturalresources,suchascoalandoil,areinshortsupplyinthiscountry.一句多譯③此外，這次競爭將會給你提供一個機(jī)會，幫助你發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，與志同道合的同學(xué)建立友誼。→Moreover,thepetitionwillsupply_you_with_a_chancetodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.→Moreover,thepetitionwillsupply_a_chance_toyoutodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.[聯(lián)想]其他表示“為某人提供某物”的短語(1)providesbwithsth＝providesthforsb(2)offersbsth＝offersthtosbtyphoon

/ta??fu:n/

n. 臺風(fēng)intheopenair

露天；在戶外hurricane

/?h?r?k?n/

n.

(尤指大西洋的)颶風(fēng)survive

/s??va?v/

vi. 生存；存活

vt.

幸存；艱難度過(1)survivefrom 從……中幸存TheXi'anCityWallisthemostpletecitywallthathas_survived(survive)China'slonghistory.surviveon 依靠……生存下來Idon'tknowhowyouallmanagetosurviveonJeremy'ssalary.survive...by... 比……多活了……AsfarasIknow，theoldladysurvivedherhusbandby5years.(2)survivorn. 幸存者survivaln. [U]幸存；[C]殘存物單句語法填空/完成句子①Thelocalgovernmentsmadegreateffortstobuildsheltersforpeoplewhosurvived(survive)thehurricane.②Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceofsurvival(survive)．③Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewerenosurvivors(survive)．句式升級④Aftershehadsurvivedthatnight,shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.→Having_survived_that_night,_shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(分詞作狀語)power

/?pa??(r)/

n. 電力供應(yīng)；力量；控制力(1)beinpower 掌權(quán)，執(zhí)政(表示狀態(tài))eto/intopower 上臺，執(zhí)政withinone'spower 在某人的能力之內(nèi)beyondone'spower 超出某人的能力(2)havethepowertodosth 有能力做某事(3)powerfuladj. 強(qiáng)有力的，強(qiáng)大的單句語法填空①Thoughhehasbeeninpowerfortwoyears,hehasn'tfoundaneffectivesolutiontothecountry'seconomicproblems.②Unfortunately,it'sbeyondmypowertogetthroughtheworkinsuchashorttime.③Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerful(power)animalonearth.一句多譯④我決定盡一切努力做一名合格的志愿者。→IhavedecidedthatIwill_do_everything_in_my_powertoworkasaqualifiedvolunteer.(power)→IhavemadeupmymindthatIwill_make_every_effort_to/spare_no_effort_toworkasaqualifiedvolunteer.(effort)[聯(lián)想]其他表示“竭盡全力做某事”的常用表達(dá)①do/tryone'sbesttodosth②makeeveryefforttodosthtap /t?p/

vi.&vt.

輕叩；輕敲；輕拍

n.水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲pipe

/pa?p/

n. 管子；管道whistle/?w?sl/

vi. 吹口哨；發(fā)出笛聲

vt.

吹口哨n.

哨子(聲)；呼嘯聲emergency

/i?m?:d??nsi/

n. 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況calm

/kɑ:m/

adj. 鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的

vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜keepcalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜calmdown鎮(zhèn)靜下來aid

/e?d/

n. 援助；幫助；救援物資

vi.&vt.

(formal)

幫助；援助kit

/k?t/

n. 成套工具；成套設(shè)備firstaidkit

急救箱onhand 現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)crash

/kr??/

vt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊

n.撞車；碰撞sweep

/swi:p/

vt.&vi.

(swept,swept)

打掃；清掃sweepaway 消滅；徹底消除wave

/we?v/

n. 海浪；波浪

vi.&vt.揮手；招手strike

/stra?k/

vi.&vt.

(struck,struck/stricken)

侵襲；突擊；擊打

n.

罷工；罷課；襲擊Itstrikessb.that...某人突然想起……sth.strikesb.某人突然想起某事bestruckby被……打動/迷住strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨銘心A．打B．使突然想起C．罷工 D．災(zāi)難、疾病等襲擊E．劃(火柴) F．(鐘)敲根據(jù)語境選出strike的含義。1．WhenIenteredtheroom,theclockhadjuststr