安徽省阜陽市臨泉縣第一中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題

臨泉一中20242025學(xué)年度高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語學(xué)科試卷考生注意：1.滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上，并將條形碼貼在答題卡上的指定位置。3.考生作答時，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑;非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試卷、草稿紙上作答無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Practicetennis. B.Attendaviolinlesson. C.Takeadanceclass.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Jane.How’sthedanceclassgoing?W:Great.I’mjustonthewaytotennispractice.Andyou?M:I’mgoingtomyviolinlesson.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhereisGill?A.Inthegarden. B.Inthelibrary. C.Intheflowershop.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Where’sGill?Iamlookingforhereverywhere.W:You’llfindherinthegarden.M:Oh?What’sshedoing?Pickingflowersorreadingbooks?W:She’stakenmycamera,soIthinkshewantstotakesomephotos.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inahotel.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?M:Hi!I’mstayinginRoom326andI’dliketoorderanextracoffeewithoutmilk.W:OK!Yourcoffeewillarriveinaminute,sir.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanthinkcausestheman’sproblem?A.Hislowchair. B.Hisbrokendesk. C.Hisoldkeyboard.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Myneckiskillingme,andmyarmhurts.W:Youknowwhy?Yourchairistoolow,andthatmakesyourmouseseemtoohighonyourdesk.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whywasthemanunabletovisitthewoman?A.Hegotawrongaddress.B.HefailedtostopinMaine.C.Hedidn’tknowheraddress.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IheardyouwereupinMainethissummer.Whydidn’tyoustopby?M:IfIhadknownyouraddress,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Thebusstop. B.TheBakeryShop. C.TheCityBank.7Whenwillthenextbusleave?A.Atabout7:30. B.Atabout8:30. C.Atabout9:30.【答案】6.C7.C【解析】原文】W:Excuseme?M:Yes,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:CanyoutellmewheretheCityBankis?M:It’supstairs,acrossfromtheBakeryShop.W:Thanks.Doyouknowwhattimeitopens?M:Itshouldbeopennowbecauseit’salready9:00．Itusuallyopensat8:00inthemorning.W:That’sgood.Andcanyoutellmehowoftenthebusesleaveforthecitycenter?M:Everythirtyminutes,andyou’vejustmissedone.W:Oh,dear.ThenI’llhavetowaitforanotherthirtyminutes.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whendidthewomanplantotakehervacation?A.Thismonth. B.Nextmonth. C.Twomonthslater.9.Whatdoesthemanexpectthewomantodo?A.Travelwithhim. B.Postponehertrip. C.fortherhusband.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Whenareyougoingtotakeyourvacation?W:Iwasplanningtotakeitattheendofthismonth.WeareplanningtotraveltoAustraliathistime.Why?Hassomethingeup?M:Well,woulditbetooinconvenientforyoutowaituntilnextmonth?W:Hmm...notreally.IguessIcanputitoffuntilnextmonth,butI’vegottotalkaboutitwithmyhusband.M:Thankyouverymuch.Ireallyappreciateyourchangingyourplans.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Roommates.11.WhatdoesBillsayabouttheapartment?A.Itwassmall. B.Itwasexpensive. C.Itwasmessy.12.WhatdoesthewomansuggestBilldo?A.Findmoreinformationonline.B.Turntohisclassmatesforhelp.C.Buysomefurniturebyhimself.【答案】10.A11.C12.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Bill.How’sitgoingtoday?M:Hi,Mum.Itisreallytiringwalkingaroundandseeingplaces.W:Yes,Iknow.M:Isawagroundfloorapartmentwithfourbedroomstoday.W:Fourbedrooms?Itsoundshuge.M:Yeah,itwas.Butitwasquitecheap.Anditwasaniceplace.Abiglivingroomwithbigwindows.Andthefurniturewasmodern.W:Soundsgreat.Didyoutakeit?M:Well,no.Theplacewasshared.Threeboysarelookingforafourthroommate.Theyseemedniceenough,buttheplacewasamess.It’sashamebecausetheplaceisnotbad,quiteclosetoschool.W:Don’tworry.Trytoseemoreplacestomorrow.Hopefully,oneofthemwillbealright.Oraskyourclassmatesformoreinformation.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Whatistheman?A.Awriter. B.Anactor. C.Ashopassistant.14.Howarethejobsorganizedbytheman?A.Bycountry. B.Byindustry. C.Bysalary.15.Inwhichaspectdofoodstylistshelp?A.Transportation. B.Production. C.Advertising.16.WhichindustryisBradFieldsin?A.Thefoodindustry. B.Thecleaningindustry. C.Thefilmindustry.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.B【解析】【原文】W:DanielAsh,yournewbookisacollectionofarticlesaboutpeoplewithstrangejobs.M:Yes,Icollectedstoriesaboutunusualjobsfromallovertheworld.W:Soyou’renottalkingaboutactorsorshoppingassistants.M:No,allthepeopleinthebookhaveverystrangejobs.W:Isee.It’sorganizedintodifferentindustries.Whataboutinthefoodindustry?M:Well,whenapanywantstoadvertisefood,theysometimesneedafoodstylist.Theirjobistomakefoodlookgoodinadvertisements.W:I’veneverheardofthatjobbefore.M:Well,thereareonlyabout20foodstylistsinBritain.Forexample,whenwelookatapictureofstrawberriesandcream,we’rereallylookingatstrawberriesandwhitepaint.W:Really?M:Yes,andtheypaintsausageswithwashingupliquid,thencoffee,tomakethemlooknatural.W:Thenthecleaningindustry.Isn’tcleaninganormaljob?M:Normally,yes.ButdidyouknowthereisamaninAmericacalledBradFieldsand...聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.Whatistheonlyrequirementonthephotosforthisyear’spetition?A.Thecolor. B.Thetopic. C.Thesize.18.Whatisthefirstprize?A.Acamera. B.Aphotographybook. C.Freephotographylessons.19.Whatisthespeakerdoingnow?A.Hostingaprogram. B.Readinganewspaper. C.Havinganinterview.20.Howlongwilltheexhibitionlast?A.Twodays. B.Fivedays. C.Eightdays.【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.C【解析】【原文】M:Onceagainwe’reholdingourpopularphotographypetitionforchildren.It’sopentoallchildrenbetween8and12whohaveaninterestinphotography.We’renotlookingforspecialtechnicalskills—justtheimaginationtotakeagoodpicture.Lastyear,thetopicforourpetitionwaswildlifeandwereceivedmanyexcellentphotos.Thisyear,we’dlikeyourphotostobeonthesubjectofthesea.Thisistheonlyrequirement.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryourphotoisincolororblackandwhite.Thesizeofthephotoswaslimitedto17cmlongand12cmwidelastyear,butthere’snolimitonthatthisyear.Ateamofprofessionalphotographerswilljudgethephotosandthey’llchoosethefourthattheythinkshowthemostpromise.Thewinnerwillreceiveacamera,whilethesecondprizewillbefreephotographylessons.Thoseinthirdandfourthplacewillreceiveaphotographybook.Ifyou’reinterested,we’dlikeyoutopostyourphotostoushereatStarRadio,24WoodstockSquare,London.Yourphotosneedtoreachusbythe10thofAugustsoyouhaveafewweeksbeforetheclosingdate.Theresultsofthepetitionwillbeannouncedonthisprogramonthe15th.Therewillbeachancetoseeallthephotographsintothepetitionatanexhibitionatthemuseum.Thiswillstartonthe20thofAugustandstayopenuntil27th.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AGradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstopletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytopleteshortinclasswritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobepletedinclassorshortassignmentstobepletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.22.Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評分辦法?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學(xué)概論課程評分辦法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評分辦法。由此推知，本文是出自一個課程計劃。故選C項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)黑體小標(biāo)題“Essays(60%)”以及“GroupAssignments(30%)”和“DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，學(xué)生的最終成績由3部分組成。故選B項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。故選A項?！军c睛】BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancercausingchemicals?Withtherightbinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallanecomachine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheecomachinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.HealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair.”24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheecomachine.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TopareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個生態(tài)機器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancercausingchemicals?(在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheecomachinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他對結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.HealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計了一種生態(tài)機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair.(你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A?！军c睛】CAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Aputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toaputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwemunicate,wemunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.28.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthepetition.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences.30.WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?A.Createrules. B.prehendmeaning.C.Talkfluently. D.Identifydifficultwords.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B.Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.CAncientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D.Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹的是在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在舊金山的一場公開辯論中，一個名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序擊敗了它的人類對手，其中包括以色列前全國辯論冠軍NoaOvadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聰明。故選B。【29題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(盡管ProjectDebater很聰明，但它也有一些弱點。它從文檔庫和預(yù)先構(gòu)建的參數(shù)中提取句子，并將它們串在一起。這可能會導(dǎo)致人類不會犯的錯誤。)”和“willnodoubtbeironedout(毫無疑問會被解決)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“這樣的錯誤會被糾正，被解決”，劃線詞wrinkles的意思是“錯誤”，和errors意思相近，故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Aputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toaputer,meaningisirrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意義的問題，而意義是區(qū)分最不聰明的人類和最聰明的機器的關(guān)鍵。計算機使用符號。它的程序指定了一組將一串符號轉(zhuǎn)換為另一串符號的規(guī)則。但它并沒有具體說明這些符號的含義。事實上，對于計算機來說，意義是無關(guān)緊要的。)”可知，根據(jù)Hammond的說法，ProjectDebater不能理解意義，故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意義的產(chǎn)生是通過社會互動的過程，而不是計算的過程，這種互動塑造了我們頭腦中符號的內(nèi)容。賦予意義的規(guī)則不僅存在于我們的頭腦中，也存在于社會之外，存在于社會記憶、社會習(xí)俗和社會關(guān)系中。)”可知，從最后一段我們能了解到社會互動是理解符號的關(guān)鍵。故選A?！军c睛】DHumanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Agroundbreaking,fiveyearstudyshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivemunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisaplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹因為飲食的改變導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語音?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.(30多年前，學(xué)者CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃軟食物的社會的語言中更常見?，F(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的DamianBlasi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢產(chǎn)生的方式和原因)”可知，DamianBlasi的研究關(guān)注的是這一趨勢是如何產(chǎn)生的以及產(chǎn)生的原因，可知他的研究重點是在語言的演變上。故選D項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下顎變成了覆蓋咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音)”可知，因為古代成年人因為上下門牙是對齊的，他們的下顎結(jié)構(gòu)跟現(xiàn)在的我們不一樣，這就導(dǎo)致他們發(fā)不出這個唇齒音，也就是說他們的下顎結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選C項?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.(對語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實，在新石器時代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，此段主要是通過介紹語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析結(jié)果來證實語音是發(fā)生了很大變化，有些以前使用的語音，現(xiàn)在不一定找得到，因此此處主要是通過相關(guān)證據(jù)進一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A項。35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.(研究小組成員StevenMoran說：“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用語音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物?！?”可知，人類的語意一直在發(fā)展變化中，并不會一成不變，而且會因生物變化和文化變化等進行復(fù)雜的相互作用而改變，因此可知StevenMoran認(rèn)為語音是一個復(fù)雜的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項?！军c睛】第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Weallknowthegoldenrule:treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated.Thisisanoldproverbwelearnfromanearlyage.___36___Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyoudosomethingniceforsomeoneelse,itmakesyoufeelbettertoo?Thisisn’tjustsomethingthathappensrandomly(隨機地).___37___Doingnicethingsforothersincreasesyourserotonin(血清素),whichisresponsibleforfeelingsofsatisfactionandwellbeing.___38___Whilethereareseveralwaystoreduceanxiety,itturnsoutthatbeingnicetootherscanbeoneoftheeasiest,mostinexpensivewaystokeepanxietyatbay.UniversityofBritishColumbiaresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhoengagedinkindactsdisplayedsignificantincreasesinpositiveafct(積極情感)thatlastedoverthefourweeksoftheirstudy.So,thenexttimeyou’refeelinganxious,lookforopportunitiestohelpothers.Makingothersfeelgoodcan“warm”yourheart,sure—butbeingnicetootherscanalsoaffecttheactualchemicalbalanceofyourheart.Kindnessreleasesthehormoneoxytocinwhichreducesbloodpressureandthereforeprotectstheheart.___39___Maybethat’swhytheysaynice,caringpeoplehavereallybighearts.Kindnesscanhelpyoulivelonger.Youmaybeshakingyourheadatthisone,butthere’ssciencetobackitup.AccordingtoHealth,you’reatagreaterriskofheartdiseaseifyoudon’thaveastrongnetworkoffamilyandfriends.Whenyou’rekindtoothers,youdevelopstrong,meaningfulrelationshipsandfriendships.___40___A.Anxietyisanextremelymonhumanexperience.B.Thisbehaviorcanhelpyouhandlestressfulsituations.C.Kindnessstrengthensyourheartphysicallyandemotionally.D.Ithassomethingtodowiththepleasurecentersinyourbrain.E.Besidesimprovingpersonalrelationships,kindnesscanmakeyouhealthier.F.So,makesomenewfriends,orexpandyourkindnesstotheonesyoualreadyhave.G.However,thereareanumberofreallifebenefitsconnectedwiththewaywetreatothers.【答案】36.G37.D38.A39.C40.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了對別人善良帶給自己的好處?！?6題詳解】上文“Weallknowthegoldenrule:treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated.Thisisanoldproverbwelearnfromanearlyage.(我們都知道一條黃金法則：己所不欲，勿施于人。這是我們從小學(xué)到的一句古老諺語)”提到一句古老的諺語：己所不欲，勿施于人，下文講述了對別人好帶給自己的好處，G項“然而，在現(xiàn)實生活中，我們對待他人的方式會給我們帶來很多好處”符合語境，和上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文內(nèi)容，故選G?！?7題詳解】上文“Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyoudosomethingniceforsomeoneelse,itmakesyoufeelbettertoo?Thisisn’tjustsomethingthathappensrandomly(隨機地).(你有沒有注意到，當(dāng)你為別人做一些好事時，你也會感覺更好？這不是隨機發(fā)生的事情)”提到，為別人做好事自己也會感覺更好，這不是隨機發(fā)生的事情，空處應(yīng)是對此進行科學(xué)解釋，D項“這與你大腦中的快樂中樞有關(guān)”符合語境，下文“Doingnicethingsforothersincreasesyourserotonin(血清素),whichisresponsible.forfeelingsofsatisfactionandwellbeing.(為別人做好事會增加你的血清素，這是滿足感和幸福感的來源)”是對D項進一步解釋，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Whilethereareseveralwaystoreduceanxiety,itturnsoutthatbeingnicetootherscanbeoneoftheeasiest,mostinexpensivewaystokeepanxi