高考英語創(chuàng)新一輪復習學案導學人教版講義第一部分必修三Unit4

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.情景默寫1.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrash(碰撞)teststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)2.Theseincludecustom－madenavigation(導航)tools，nightvisionsystems(系統(tǒng))andintelligentspeedadaptations.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)3.Worsestill，beingaddictedtocellphonesmightalsoleadtoteenagers’poorperformanceatschool，thus(因此)addingtotheelders’worries.4.Hisgentle(溫和的)smilesandreadyhandshavealwaysbeenourbestprides.5.Thefinalsofthematchweregoingoninanexcitingatmosphere(氣氛)andwonheartyapplauseattimes.6.Hisbrotherreceivedadegreeofastronomy(天文學)whenhegraduatedfromcollege.7.You’dbetterpull(拉；拖)yourcarovertothesideoftheroadifyoumustansweraphonecall.8.Somefundamental(基本的)mistakesarenotallowedtomakewhenyouaredoingthework.9.Asweknow，theearthisbeingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimate(氣候)change.10.Unlike(不像)mostpeopleintheofficewhoetoworkbycar，Iusuallyetoworkbybus.11.Ifyoumultiply(乘)twoandthree,youwillgetsix.12.Oxygen(氧氣)isakindofgasthatisnecessaryforanimalsandplantstolive.13.TheyoungmanknowslittleaboutNewton’slawofgravity(重力).14.Thesmellofnewbreadfloated(飄動)upfromthekitchen.15.WhentheChinesewomenvolleyballteamturnedup，allthefanscheered__up(感到振奮).16.PleasetellmewhenMr.SmithisarrivingatthetrainstationsothatIcanpickhimupin__time(及時).17.Oncehehasmadeuphismind，noonecanpreventhimfrom(阻止)carryingouttheplan.18.Atlastthefirefightersputoutthefireinthesupermarket，whichbroke__out(突發(fā)；爆發(fā))attenthismorning.19.You’vemademesufferinthepast，sonowyou，in__your__turn(輪到你)，sufferagain!20.Shemarriedat17andgave__birth__to(分娩)herfirstchildshortlyafter.21.Sheboughtaheavycurtaintoblock__out(擋住)thelight.Ⅱ.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.Heoftensaysthathedoesn’tbelieveinanyreligion(religious)andonlybelievesinhimself.2.Thefactorygivesoffharmfulgases.Theymaydoharmtoourhealth.(harm)3.Doyoubelievetheexistenceofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)4.Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzledaboutthepuzzlingmathproblem.(puzzle)5.Therobbershitthemviolently.Theycouldn’tbearitanymoresotheydecidedtoanswerviolencewithviolenceandbegantheirviolentfightback.(violent)1.句型公式：形式賓語it我理所當然地認為他會幫助我們。Itook__it__for__granted__thathewouldhelpus.2.句型公式：形式主語it顯而易見，一個好的學習習慣能幫助我們盡快達到目標。It__is__obvious__thatagoodlearninghabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.3.句型公式：what引導的主語從句另外，可能最使你感興趣的是，考試時我真的緊張、煩躁。Inaddition，what__may__interest__you__mostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.(四川卷·滿分作文)4.句型公式：beluckyenoughtodosth只有二十個學生被選出到國外學習，我很幸運的成為其中一個。Therewere20studentschosentogoabroadtostudy，andI__was__luckyenough__to__be__one__of__them.5.句型公式：as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as請給予他們鼓勵，讓他們和你們一樣過著豐富多彩而充實的生活。Pleasegivethemencouragementto__live__as__rich__and__full__a__life__asyoudo.6.句型公式：倍數(shù)＋as...as...新圖書館是舊圖書館的4倍大。Ournewlibraryisfour__times__as__large__astheoldone.7.句型公式：nowthat引導原因狀語從句既然大家都到齊了，我們可以開始開會了。Now__that__everybody__is__here，wecanbeginthemeeting.第一板塊重點單詞1.harmfuladj.有害的高考必刷題練透單句語法填空/微寫作①Asweallknow，abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone’shealth.②AsfarasI’mconcerned，thereisnoharm(harmful)inmakinganapologytohimfirst.③這些天，違反交通規(guī)則和亂扔垃圾的現(xiàn)象很常見，對生活和環(huán)境造成了嚴重的破壞。(安徽卷)Thesedays，breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotunmon，causing/doingserious__harm__to__life__and__the__environment.或which__causes/doesserious__harm__to__life__and__the__environment.狀元筆記全記牢(1)beharmfulto...對……有害(2)harmn.&vt.傷害；損害doharmtosb＝dosbharm對某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth做某事沒有壞處(3)harmlessadj.無害的2.existvi.存在；生存高考必刷題練透單句語法填空/完成句子①Eventhoughheisalittleboy，strangeideasalwaysexistinhismind.②Theoldladybecameseriouslyilllastweek；shehasonlyexistedonmilkeversince.③Thereexists(exist)agoodwaytosolvetheproblematpresent.④Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthow__the__universe__first__came__intoexistence.關(guān)于一開始宇宙是如何產(chǎn)生的，科學家們有多種觀點。狀元筆記全記牢(1)existin存在于……之中existon靠……為生Thereexists/existed...某地有……(2)existencen.存在；生存inexistence存在eintoexistence產(chǎn)生；開始存在【點津】exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時態(tài)。3.puzzlevt.使迷惑；使為難；使窘困；感到迷惑n.謎；難題；(游戲的)猜謎高考必刷題練透單句語法填空/單句改錯/微寫作①Thepolicearestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.②Iampuzzled(puzzle)byhisfailuretoreplythathehasn’trepliedtomyletter.③Wherethelostboyhasgonestillremainspuzzletous.remains后加a或puzzle→puzzling④Herpuzzlinglookonherfacesuggestedshedidn’tunderstandwhatIsaid.puzzling→puzzled⑤事實上，所困擾你的事情對于中國的父母來說也是一個難題。What__puzzles__you__is__actually__a__puzzle__to__many__parents__in__China.(陜西卷)狀元筆記全記牢(1)puzzleover/aboutsth苦苦思索(2)apuzzletosb某人不懂……beinapuzzle不知如何是好(3)puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用來修飾人或人的表情等)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的(常用來修飾事物)第二板塊核心短語1.intime及時；終于；總有一天高考必刷題練透寫出下列句中intime的含義/語段填空/微寫作①Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily？(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)及時②You’llsucceedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.總有一天③Workinghardmadehimsuccessfulintime.終于④AtonetimeIgrewcrazyaboutskating.However，Ifellontothegroundfromtimetotime，butIknewthatIwouldatnotimebeskilledifIlackofpractice.⑤所以，我沒有及時抽出時間給你回信。(山東卷)Therefore，I__couldn’t__spare__time__to__write__you__back__in__time.狀元筆記全記牢(1)innotime立刻；馬上atnotime決不(放在句首時，句子用部分倒裝)atatime每次；一次atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度atthesametime同時fromtimetotime有時；偶爾(2)takeone’stime別著急；慢慢來killtime消磨時間2.inone’sturn輪到某人；接著高考必刷題練透單句語法填空/微寫作①Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，andthisinturncreatesmoreproblems.②Ithinkit’smyturnto__drive(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.③Itturnedoutthatthisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman’sson.④當輪到我時，我激動得都說不出話來了。When__it__is__in__my__turn，I__am__too__excited__to__speak.狀元筆記全記牢inturn依次；輪流；反之；相應地byturns輪流；交替地taketurnstodosth輪流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth輪到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat...結(jié)果……3.cheerup(使)高興；(使)振奮；感到高興；感到振奮高考必刷題練透單句語法填空/單句改錯①Uponarrivingattheclassroom，theauthorwascheeredupbyawarmwele.②Theydothisinordertoencouragecrowdstocheertheirsportsteamon.③Let’sgotothefootballgameandcheerforourfavoriteteam.④WhenI’mfeelingsadmymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheerup.cheer后加__me狀元筆記全記牢(1)cheersbup使某人振作起來cheersbon為某人加油cheerfor為……而歡呼(2)Cheers干杯！第三板塊經(jīng)典句式1.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當我試著向前邁步時，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。高考必刷題練透單句語法填空/一句多譯①Thisbookistwicelonger(long)thanthelengthofthatone.②Theworld’spopulationhasgrowntomorethansixtimeswhatitwasin1800.③最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一顆行星幾乎是地球的三倍大。狀元筆記全記牢(1)“twiceasfaras...”是倍數(shù)的一種表示方法，意為“是……的兩倍遠”。(2)常見倍數(shù)表達法：·A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級＋asB·A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級＋thanB·A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞size/weight/length...＋ofB·A＋倍數(shù)＋what從句，表示“A是……的多少倍”2.Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產(chǎn)生了一個連鎖反應使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。高考必刷題練透單句改錯/一句多譯①Thesunheatstheearth，whichmakesitpossibleforplantsgrow.plants后加to②Thegirlknowsthreeforeignlanguages，whichmakesitseasierforhertofindagoodjob.its→it③精通這項技術(shù)可能會讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。③－1Masteringthetechnologymakes__it__possible__for__us__to__use__theInternet__more__effectively.③－2Masteringthetechnologymakes__it__possible__that__we__can__use__theInternet__more__effectively.狀元筆記全記牢(1)在“makeit＋形容詞/名詞＋todosth”中it為形式賓語，指代后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，形容詞或名詞為賓語補足語。(2)在該句型中，作賓語的代不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可換為that引導的賓語從句。Ⅰ.課文語法填空Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan.However，accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory，itbeganwitha“BigBang”.Thentheearthexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervaporandmanygases，1.making(make)theearth’satmosphere.Andthenastheearthcooleddown，waterappearedandstayed2.onthesurface.Itwasthepresenceofwater3.thatallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Andthe4.appearance(appear)ofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next，greenplantsbegantogrowonland.5.Theywerefollowedbylandanimals.Later，reptilesappearedfor6.thefirsttime，afterwhichdinosaursdeveloped.However，theysuddenly7.disappeared(appear).Therefore，mammalsroseontheearth.Finally，humansappearedandspreadallovertheearth.8.However，theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，makingtheearthtoohottoliveon.So9.whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthwilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10.be__solved(solve).Ⅱ.課文短文改錯Accordingtoawideacceptedtheory，theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirection.Forseveralbillionsyearsafterthe“BigBang”，earthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobeewascertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsbeforewhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecamesoviolentlythatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldbelastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereontimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervaporandothergases，thatweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.答案Accordingtoaeq\f(wide,widely)acceptedtheory，theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalleq\f(direction,directions).Forseveraleq\f(billions,billion)yearsafterthe“BigBang”，earthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobeewaseq\f(certain,uncertain)untilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearseq\f(before,ago)whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecamesoeq\f(violently,violent)thatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldeq\a\vs4\al(be)lastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereeq\f(on,in)timetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervaporandothergases，eq\f(that,which)weretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Ⅲ.單元要點微寫作假設(shè)你是李華，對探月感興趣，現(xiàn)在寫一篇英語短文，設(shè)想如何在假期到月球旅行。1.去月球旅行的問題：如何吃飯、喝水；2.月球現(xiàn)狀：月球沒有重力，食物會飄移；3.解決辦法：帶食物的方法：放在試管中，吸食；4.去月球旅行的期望。注意：1.請根據(jù)以上要點寫一篇60詞左右的短文。2.盡量使用本單元的知識點。3.可適當增加細節(jié)?！緟⒖挤段摹縄fIvisitedthemoon，therewouldbeaproblemImightbefacedwith：howtoeatanddrink.Thegravityofthemoonissoweakthatthefoodwillfloataround.Iwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithme.SoitcouldbeputinatubeandthenIwouldbeabletosuckitmoreeasily.PerhapsIwoulduseastrawtodoit.Itcanpreventthefoodfromfloatingaway.Onlyinthiswaycantheproblembesolved.Iwillhaveatryintime.Ⅰ.閱讀理解Electricityfromrenewablesourcesincludingsolar，windandotherswillreplacecoalasthelargestsourceofelectricityshortlyafter2030.That’sthankstobothfutureglobalinvestmentincleanenergypowerfactoriesandadeclineincoalpoweruseindevelopednationsliketheU.S.andinEurope.By2040，therewillbe13%moreenergyproducedbycleanpowerthanbycoalfactories.Cleanenergyalreadycontributedtoalmosthalfoftheworld’snewpowergenerationcapacity(發(fā)電容量)addedlastyear.China’sgrowingserviceeconomyisactuallyabigdealforenergy.China，theworld’sfactory，hasbeenworkingtobuildmoreindustriesaroundservicesinsteadofitshistoricfocusonheavyindustry.Asaresult，thecountry’senergyintensity—energyconsumption(消耗)perunitofeconomicoutput—hasbeendecliningovertheyearsandthatishavingamajoreffectonglobalenergyuse.Chinahasbeenabletoreducetheamountofenergyitconsumesperunitoffutureeconomicgrowthby85%overthelasttwodecades.Economicgrowthgraduallybreakstheconnectionwithcarbonemissions(排放物).Foryears，economicdevelopmenthasbeentiedtoenergyuse.Generally,countriesthatusealotofenergyhaveastrongereconomy.Butwiththeriseofcleanenergytechnologies，ahandfulofsmallEuropeancountrieshavebeenabletolowertheircarbonemissionswithoutdampeningtheireconomicgrowth.Norway，Denmark，F(xiàn)inland，IcelandandSwedenhaveledthistrend.ButnowtheInternationalEnergyAgencyhasfoundthatglobalcarbonemissionsremainedflatordeclinedeversoslightlyin2014,whiletheworld’seconomyactuallygrewatagoodpace.Thatislikelytobeabnormalandwon’tberepeatedinthenearfuture.Butthedatasuggeststhatthepoorconnectionbetweencarbonemissionsandeconomicgrowthisstartingtohappenonabroaderrangeoutsideofthosesmall，wealthyearly－adopternations.【語篇導讀】本文為說明文。2030年后，清潔能源將會主導電力供應。1.Cleanenergy________.A.growsataslowpaceB.willmeetagreatchallengeC.willbeethemainenergysourceD.leadstoheavilyinvestingincoalpoweruse答案C[推理判斷題。由第一段的第一句和最后兩句可推知，清潔能源將會成為主要的發(fā)電來源。]2.WhatcanweknowfromPara.2?A.Chinaisturningtoserviceeconomy.B.Chinawillworktobetheworld’sfactory.C.China’senergyconsumptionisincreasinggradually.D.China’seconomicgrowthaffectstheglobaleconomy.答案A[推理判斷題。由第二段的第二句可知，一向被譽為“世界工廠”的中國正在逐漸擺脫對重工業(yè)的依賴，轉(zhuǎn)而圍繞服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展更多的產(chǎn)業(yè)，由此可推知，中國正在轉(zhuǎn)向服務(wù)經(jīng)濟。]3.Theunderlinedword“dampening”inPara.3isclosestinmeaningto“________”A.increasing B.blockingC.forcing D.demanding答案B[詞義猜測題。由畫線詞所在語境可知，經(jīng)濟增長逐漸與碳排放脫鉤，隨著清潔能源技術(shù)的興起，少數(shù)歐洲國家已經(jīng)可以在不影響(blocking)經(jīng)濟增長的情況下降低其碳排放量。]4.Thetextsuggeststhat________.A.theworld’seconomywillslowdownB.globalcarbonemissionswillincreaseC.FinlandisinurgentneedofstrongereconomicgrowthD.economicgrowthwilldependlessonenergyconsumption答案D[推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，碳排放減少而經(jīng)濟保持增長的情況將會在更大范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生，由此可推知，經(jīng)濟增長對能源消耗的依賴性將降低。]Ⅱ.七選五Howlongcanhumanbeingslive？__1__However，110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheisextremelyhealthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years！__2__Theywearout，andasaresult，wegetoldandeventuallydie.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever，wearelivingalongerlifethaneverbefore.In1900，theaverageAmericanlife－spanwasonly47years，buttodayitis75years!__3__Sixty－fivemaybeout－of－dateasthedividinglinebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall，manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmentaldeclineuntilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeoplesurvivechildhood.__4__Nowthatthechancesofdyingyoungaremuchlower，thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.__5__Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse，whilesomeseechances，notdisaster.Manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy，stillactive，andyounginmindifnotinage.Withlonglivesaheadofoldercitizens，theyneedtostayactiveanddevoted.A.Whendoesoldagebeginthen?B.Onthewhole，ourpopulationisgettingolder.C.Asthesocietygrowsold，weneedthecontributionsofouroldercitizens.D.Yet，thecellsinthehumanbodysimplycannotcontinuetoreproduceendlessly.E.Arecentresearchshowsthatcancercellscanmultiplythemselveslikecrazyatalltimes.F.Mostscientistsstudyingoldagethinkthehumanbodyisdesignedtolivenolongerthan120years.G.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature，manychildrendiedofmonchildhooddiseases.【語篇導讀】本文是議論文，討論了人類壽命增加這個話題。1.F[根據(jù)上文的句子“Howlongcanhumanbeingslive？”問人類能活多久？下文是回答這個問題，F(xiàn)項內(nèi)容符合語境。故選F。]2.D[根據(jù)下文的句子“Theywearout，andasaresult，wegetoldandeventuallydie.”可知，這里是：人的細胞不可能無止境地復制。故選D。]3.A[根據(jù)下文的句子“Sixty－fivemaybeout－of－dateasthedividinglinebetweenmiddleageandoldage.”可知，上文是問：人的老年是什么時候開始的？故選A。]4.G[根據(jù)上文的句子“Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeoplesurvivechildhood.”可知這里提到很多人活過了童年，下文是介紹以前很多兒童死于常見的兒童疾病。故選G。]5.B[根據(jù)下文的句子“Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.”可知，這里的人口的改變是：人口老齡化。故選B。]Ⅲ.完形填空PeterWigginsgrewupinapoorfamily.Heworkeddiligentlyathis__1__jobasteachingassistantinaprivatekindergartenandputinthreemorehoursatnightasapart－timecashierata__2__.BythetimePeterwalkedhomewithslowandheavystepseveryday，itwasoftencloseto__3__.Peterworkedveryhardinorderto__4__hisagedparentswhohadretiredasrestroomcleanerswith__5__savingsleftafterputtingPeterandhissisterthroughschool.Peterwastheonly__6__，forhissister，Beth，wasofteninpoorhealth.Oneday，asPeterwaswalkinghomefromACESupermarketwherehe__7__，hestumbled(絆腳)uponasmallbrownpacketonthepavement.Thepackagewasslightly__8__sohepickedituptoexamineitmoreclosely.Tohis__9__，itcontainedfifty－dollarbills.Peterknewitwasnothistokeepandthatthe__10__mighturgentlyneedthemoney.Without__11__，PeterwalkedquicklytothenearestpolicestationandhandeditovertoMr.Robertswhowasthepoliceofficer__12__forthatnight.Surprisedtoseesomeonehandinsuchalargeamountofcash__13__，thepoliceofficersaidthatPeterwasindeedarolemodelotherscould__14__.“It’snothingreally...Iwasdoingwhat__15__wouldhavedone，”Peter’sfaceturnedredastheofficercontinuedtoaskforhisnameandcontactnumbersothattheownercould__16__thankhim.Thenextday，Peterreceiveda__17__.TheownerofthelostmoneywasnoneotherthanPeter’s__18__attheACESupermarket!HehadfoundoutPeterfromRobertsandhaddecidedto__19__Petertothepositionofmanagerwithahandsomeincreaseinsalary