山東省濰坊市2025屆高三上學(xué)期10月第二次聯(lián)考英語試題 含解析

2024—2025學(xué)年高三年級第二次聯(lián)考英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3、考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.f19.15.B.&9.18.C.9.15.答案是C。1.Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Athome.B.Inahotel.C.Inrestaurant.2.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutherperformance?A.Greatlypleased.B.Terriblydisappointed.C.Abitdissatisfied.3.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheexam?A.Quiteeasy.B.Verydifficult.C.Justso-S0.4.HowlongisthepetstoreopeneverySunday?A.8hours.B.9hours.C.10hours.5Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto?A.Areporter.B.Ashopassistant.C.Atravelagent.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdayisittoday?A.Thursday.B.Friday.C.Saturday.7.WhatisthewomanlikelytodoinToronto?A.DealwithherworkB.Relaxherself.C.Meetherfriends.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydidthewomanfailtosleepwelllastnight?A.Shestayeduplateworking.B.Shewasunderalotofpressure.C.Shedrankstrongteabeforebedtime.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Dosomeexercise.B.Takesleepingpills.C.Haveanearlysupper.10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.HusbandandwifeC.Fellowworks.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Sendaparcel.B.Pickupaparcel.C.Askforatrackingservice,12.Whatdoweknowaboutthepackage?AItisdamaged、B.Ithasbeenlost.C.Itwillarriveatitsdestination.13.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Satisfied.B.WorriedC.Annoyed.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Lookingatsomephotos.B.Planningaclassreunion.C.Organizingabirthdayparty.15.WhyisAmyunhappy?A.Shelostherpet.B.Shecan’tkeepadog.C.Shecan’tjointhespeakers.16.Whoisthewomanprobablytalkingto?A.Herteacher.B.Herschoolmate.C.Hergoodfriend.17.Whatwillthewomandothisevening?A.Sendthemansomething.B.Decoratetheclassroom.C.TakeAmybacktoschool.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthelastreasonforeatinginsects?A.Insectsareagreatsourceofprotein.B.Theworld’spopulationisincreasing.C.Raisinginsectsismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.19.WhatisDrorTamir’sattitudetowardseatinginsects?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthespeech?A.Theinsectfarmingindustryisdevelopingrapidly.B.Onlyseveralcompaniescreatedmealsmadefrominsects.C.Eatinginsectshasbecomepopularinthelasttwentyyears.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMathematicsforComputerScienceThissubjectoffersanintroductiontodiscretemathematics(離散數(shù)學(xué))orientedtowardcomputerscienceandengineering.CourseMeetingTimesLectures:3sessions/week,1.5hour/sessionProblemSets(psets)Problemsetsaccountfor20%ofthefinalgrade.Makingareasonableeffortontheproblemsetsis,formoststudents,crucialformasteringthecoursematerial.Problemsetsaredesignedtobecompletedinatmost3hours;thetimeismonitoredthroughstudentreports.OnlineFeedbackProblemsOnlineproblemstobecompletedbeforemostclassmeetingsarepostedontheclasswebsite.Theseconsistofstraightforwardquestionsthatprovideusefulfeedbackabouttheassignedmaterial.Somestudentsprefertotrytheonlineproblemsbeforereadingthetextorwatchingvideosasanadvanceguidetogoingoverthematerial;that’sfine.Watchingdesignatedvideos,oratleastlookingatthelecture-slidehandouts,isgenerallyhelpfulbutoptional.Liketeamproblem-solvinginclass,onlineproblemsaregradedonlyonparticipation:Studentsreceivefullcreditaslongastheytrytheproblem,eveniftheiransweriswrong.Onlinefeedbackproblemsaccountfor10%ofthefinalgrade.MidtermExamsThree80-minutemidtermexamswillbegivenThemidtermexamseachaccountfor15%ofthefinalgrade.Midtermquestionswilltypicallybevariationsofpriorproblemsfromclassandpsets,andthebestwaytoprepareistoreviewonthepublishedsolutionstotheseproblems.Thefirstexamcoversallpreviousweeks’material;subsequentexamsfocusonthematerialafterthepreviousexam.FinalExamTherewillbeathree-hourfinalexam.Thisexamisworth25%ofthefinalclassgrade.ThefinalexamwillcovertheentiresubjectwithsomewhatgreateremphasisonmaterialfromafterMidterm3.Mostexamquestionswillbevariantsofproblemsassignedduringtheterm(psets,class,midterm,andonline).Itmayincludeafewquestionswhichcombinetopicsthatwereoriginallycoveredseparately.1.Whatdeterminesstudents’gradeinOnlineFeedbackProblems?A.Activeinvolvement. B.Submissiontime.C.Accuracyofanswers. D.Completionofassignments2.Whatisthemainfocusofthefinalexam?A.Variantsofproblemsets. B.Combinedtopicsinclass.C.Thecontentaftermidtermexams. D.Thewhole-termcoursematerials.3.Whichofthefollowingweighsthemostinthefinalgrade?A.FinalExam. B.MidtermExams.C.ProblemSets. D.OnlineFeedbackProblems【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了計算機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)這一門課程的相關(guān)事宜。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章OnlineFeedbackProblems部分第二段“Liketeamproblem-solvinginclass,onlineproblemsaregradedonlyonparticipation:Studentsreceivefullcreditaslongastheytrytheproblem,eveniftheiransweriswrong.(就像課上團(tuán)隊解決問題一樣，在線反饋問題的評分僅基于參與度，只要學(xué)生嘗試解決問題，即使答案錯誤也能獲得滿分。)”可知，決定學(xué)生在線反饋問題的分?jǐn)?shù)在于學(xué)生的參與度，故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章FinalExam部分“ThefinalexamwillcovertheentiresubjectwithsomewhatgreateremphasisonmaterialfromafterMidterm3.(期末考試將涉及整個課程內(nèi)容，但會更多地強(qiáng)調(diào)第三次中期考試后的內(nèi)容。)”可知，期末考試的重點(diǎn)在于中期考試之后的內(nèi)容，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ProblemSets(psets)中的信息“Problemsetsaccountfor20%ofthefinalgrade.”(問題集占最終成績的20%。)；OnlineFeedbackProblems中的信息“Onlinefeedbackproblemsaccountfor10%ofthefinalgrade.”(在線反饋問題占最終成績的10%。)；MidtermExams中的信息“Three80-minutemidtermexamswillbegiven.Themidtermexamseachaccountfor15%ofthefinalgrade.”(將進(jìn)行三次長達(dá)80分鐘的中期考試，每次考試占最終成績的15%。)；FinalExam中的信息“Therewillbeathree-hourfinalexam.Thisexamisworth25%ofthefinalclassgrade.”(將進(jìn)行一次長達(dá)三小時的期末考試，考試成績占最終成績的25%。)”可知，將進(jìn)行三次中期考試，每次考試占最終成績的15%，故中期考試總共占15%*3=45%，比例占據(jù)最大，故選B。BItallstartedwithasimplequestion;“CanIpaintyourportrait(肖像)?”Inthesummerof2015,BrianPetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoes,aboutthepowerofloveinaction,whenhisquietwasdisturbedbyahomelessman.Inspiredbythebook,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtointroducehimself.Inthatfirstconversation,Petersonlearnedthattheman’snamewasMattFariswhofailedtopursueacareerinmusicandendedupbeinghomeless.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedinprobablyayear,hadovergrownfingernails,andprobablyhadn’thadashowerinclosetoayear.”EventhoughPetersonhadn’tpiokedupapaintbrushinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait.Farissaidyes.Peterson’sconnectionwithFarisledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthecommunitywhoareunhoused.Workingfromablack-and-whitephotoofthesubject,Petersonchoosescolorsinspiredbythesubject’spersonalityandlifestory,creatinganimpressiveportrait.Petersonsellsthestrikingartwork,signedbybothsubjectandartist,dividingtheproceedsandputtinghalfintowhathecallsa“l(fā)oveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities.ButPetersonhaslearnednottomakeassumptionsaboutwhatapersonneedsmost.“I’vemadeamistakethinkingIknewwhatpeoplewanted,”hesays,“butwhydon’twejustaskthem?”Petersonhasdiscoveredthatthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.Thebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.4.WhatbroughtPetersonandFaristogether?A.BeautyonFaris’face. B.Inspirationfromabook.C.Peterson’spassionforart. D.Faris’sufferinginhislife.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mistake”inparagraph5referto?A.Sellingthehomeless’portraitsforprofits.B.Givinginstantnecessitiestothehomeless.C.Askingthehomelessfortheirneedsdirectly.D.Takingwhatthehomelesswantforgranted.6.WhatdoesPetersonimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Thehomelessaregainingmoreconcern.B.Thelifeofthehomelessisdifferentnow.C.Buyersvaluefriendshipwiththehomeless.D.FiguresinPeterson’spaintingsarepopular.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthistext?A.Agoodmodeliskeytoafineartwork.B.Anexpecteddecisionmakesagreatartist.C.Apicturereallyisworthathousandwords.D.Eachunfortunatepersonhashisownmisfortune.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Peterson通過繪畫幫助無家可歸者改善生活的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inspiredbythebook,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtointroducehimself.Inthatfirstconversation,Petersonlearnedthattheman’snamewasMattFariswhofailedtopursueacareerinmusicandendedupbeinghomeless.(受到這本書的啟發(fā)，Peterson做出了一個意想不到的決定：他要上前自我介紹。在第一次交談中，Peterson得知這位男士的名字叫MattFaris，他曾試圖追求音樂事業(yè)，但最終流落街頭成了無家可歸的人)”可知，Peterson是因為受到書中愛的力量的啟發(fā)，決定去做自我介紹，從而接觸到了Faris。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前一句話“ButPetersonhaslearnednottomakeassumptionsaboutwhatapersonneedsmost.(但Peterson已經(jīng)學(xué)會了不要假設(shè)一個人最需要什么)”以及劃線單詞的后半句“thinkingIknewwhatpeoplewanted(以為我知道人們想要什么)”可知，Peterson承認(rèn)他曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為自己知道別人想要什么，這是一個錯誤，所以mistake在這指代“把無家可歸者想要的東西視為理所當(dāng)然”。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Petersonhasdiscoveredthatthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.Thebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.(Peterson發(fā)現(xiàn)成品的價值不僅僅在于它們給那些身處困境的人帶來的金錢。購買者往往會與畫中人的故事產(chǎn)生共鳴，發(fā)現(xiàn)與那些他們可能忽視的人之間的相似之處，并常常建立起友誼?！叭藗兘?jīng)常告訴我，‘我以前是那種會繞道走的人。但現(xiàn)在我看無家可歸者的方式不一樣了，’”Peterson說)”可推知，Peterson認(rèn)為其作品拉近購買者和流浪者的距離，使得流浪者獲得更多關(guān)注。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段的“Petersonhasdiscoveredthatthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.((Peterson發(fā)現(xiàn)成品的價值不僅僅在于它們給那些身處困境的人帶來的金錢)”以及““Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.(“人們經(jīng)常告訴我，‘我以前是那種會繞道走的人。但現(xiàn)在我看無家可歸者的方式不一樣了，’”Peterson說)”可知，Peterson的畫作不僅帶來了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助，更重要的是它改變了人們對無家可歸者的看法，從而產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。由此可推知，我們從文章了解到“一幅圖畫真的值千言萬語”。故選C。CTheMalagasybaobabtree,whosethicktrunksandtinybranchesdotMadagascar’slandscape,shouldnot,byrights,havesurvivedtothepresentday.Scientistsbelievethatitslargeseedswereoncespreadbythegianttortoisesandlemurmonkeysthatwanderedtheisland.Whenthesespecieswentextinctoveronethousandyearsagoowingtohumanactivity,thebaobabtreeshouldhavedisappearedtoo.Itdidnot.SehenoAndriantsaralazaattheUniversityofAntananarivoandOnjaRazafindratsimaattheUniversityofCalifornia,nowthinktheymayknowthereasonwhy.Togetherwiththeircolleagues,thescientistsmonitored15treecanopies(樹冠)inawesternregionofMadagascar,toidentifyanyanimalsthatmighthaveclaimedtheroleofbaobab-seedspread.Theresearchersalsosetupcameratrapsaroundseed-containingfruitslyingontheground,andsearchedanyfaeces(糞便)thattheyencounteredalongthewayforthepresenceofseeds.TheyreportinthejournalBiotropicathatanativerodent(嚙齒動物)knownasthewesternbunch-tailedratwascaughtoncamerahandlingwholefruitsonfouroccasions.Althoughtherewasnofootageoftheratbreakingthefruitsopen,theteamdidchanceupon13fruitsthathadbeenchewedintoandhadtheirseedsremoved.Thoughthebitemarkswerenotclearenoughtoidentifyaninitiator,thiswasclearevidencethataseed-distributinganimalwasoutthere.Theythenfoundtheecologicalequivalentofasmokinggun:baobabseedsinsevendifferentpilesofbush-pigfaces.Whilethefindingisimportantinitsownright,italsoprovidesvaluableevidencethatintroducedspeciesmaynotbeentirelyharmful.Madagascar’spigs,forexample,thoughnotnative,havemadethemselvesessentialtothesurvivaloftrulynativespecies.SimilarrelationshipsaresuspectedtoholdinSouthAmericabetweenrabbitsnativetoEuropeandplantswithnoseeddistributors.ForDrAndriantsaralaza,thatsuggeststhefullecologicalroleofintroducedspeciesshouldbeconsideredbeforetalkofextinctionbegins.8.Whatmadescientiststhinkthebaobabtreeshouldhavedisappeared?A.Theextinctionofitsseedspreader. B.ThedestructionofhumanactivitiesC.Theinadaptationofthebaobabtree. D.Theincreaseofitsnaturalenemies.9.Whatarecameratrapsusedfor?A.Seekingseed-containingfruits. B.Trackingthefootprintsofseeds.C.Recordingtheanimals’activities. D.Monitoringthebaobabtreecanopies.10.Whichismostprobablytheseed-eateraccordingtothereport?A.Thegianttortoise B.Thebunch-tailedrat.C.TheEuropeanrabbit. D.Thebush-pig.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroduceanewwaytoprotectthebaobabtree.B.Toshownon-nativespeciesarenotalwaysharmful.C.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseed-distributingmethods.D.Toexplaintheimportanceofprotectingendangeredspecies.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的猴面包樹通過當(dāng)?shù)貒X動物和野豬傳播種子，這對保護(hù)本土物種具有重要意義?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Scientistsbelievethatitslargeseedswereoncespreadbythegianttortoisesandlemurmonkeysthatwanderedtheisland.Whenthesespecieswentextinctoveronethousandyearsagoowingtohumanactivity,thebaobabtreeshouldhavedisappearedtoo.(科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這種樹木的大種子曾由在島上漫游的巨大陸龜和狐猴傳播。當(dāng)這些物種因人類活動而在一千多年前滅絕時，猴面包樹本應(yīng)隨之消失)”可知，猴面包樹種子傳播者的滅絕使得科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為猴面包樹應(yīng)該已經(jīng)消失了。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theresearchersalsosetupcameratrapsaroundseed-containingfruitslyingontheground,andsearchedanyfaecesthattheyencounteredalongthewayforthepresenceofseeds.(研究人員還在地面上含有種子的果實周圍設(shè)置了攝像機(jī)陷阱，并檢查了途中遇到的所有糞便中是否含有種子)”可知，攝像機(jī)陷阱是用來追蹤種子的足跡的。故選B項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theythenfoundtheecologicalequivalentofasmokinggun:baobabseedsinsevendifferentpilesofbush-pigfaces.(隨后，他們找到了生態(tài)學(xué)上的確鑿證據(jù)：在七堆灌木豬的糞便中發(fā)現(xiàn)了猴面包樹的種子)”可知，最有可能的種子食用者是灌木豬。故選D項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文及文章最后一段“Whilethefindingisimportantinitsownright,italsoprovidesvaluableevidencethatintroducedspeciesmaynotbeentirelyharmful.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)本身具有重要意義，同時也提供了寶貴的證據(jù)，表明引入物種并不一定是完全有害的)”可知，作者通過介紹馬達(dá)加斯加猴面包樹如何依靠本土及引入物種傳播種子而得以幸存的例子，來展示非本土物種可能并不總是有害的。故選B項。DTheconceptsofdelayedsatisfaction,self-control,andself-regulationareoftenusedinterchangeablyandinconsistently.Theabilitytodelayanimpulse(沖動)foranimmediaterewardtoreceiveamorefavorablerewardatalatertimeisthestandarddefinitionofdelayedsatisfaction.Studiesshowthatdelayedsatisfactionisoneofthemosteffectivepersonalcharacteristicsofsuccessfulpeople.Peoplewholearnhowtomanagetheirneedtobesatisfiedinthemomentdevelopmoreintheircareers,relationships,health,andfinancesthanpeoplewhogiveintoit.Beingabletodelaysatisfactionisn’ttheeasiestskilltoacquire.Itinvolvesfeelingdissatisfied,whichiswhyitseemsimpossibleforpeoplewhohaven’tlearnedtocontroltheirimpulses.Choosingtohavesomethingnowmightfeelgood,butmakingtheefforttohavedisciplineandmanageyourimpulsescanresultinbiggerorbetterrewardsinthefuture.Overtime,delayedsatisfactionwillimproveyourself-controlandultimatelyhelpyouachieveyourlong-termgoalsfaster.TheSeinfeldStrategyisoneofseveralhelpfulself-satisfactiontechniquesyoucanusetoputoffsatisfactionforlongerperiodsoftime.Everydaythatyoudelaysatisfactionandavoidtemptation(誘惑),youcrossitoffyourcalendar.Afterafewdays,thiscreatesachain.Thisstrategyworkswellforpeoplewhoenjoygamification(游戲化).Ifyoufinditsatisfyingtokeepthechaingoing,you’relesslikelytogiveintotemptation.Doyoufindyourselfgoingbacktoyourtemptationswithoutthinkingaboutit?Ifthisisthecase,youcanpracticemindfulnesstobecomemoreawareofwhatyoudo.Whenyounoticeyourselfdoingsomethingoutofhabit,stopforamoment.Askyourselfwhyyou’redoingwhatyou’redoing.Takesometimetoanalyzehowyou’refeeling.Payattentiontothedetails.Takeamomentofmindulnesstointerruptyourautopiloteverytimethishappens.Themoreyoupracticethis,themoreyou’llbreakthehabitofgoingforinstantsatisfaction.12.Whatisdelayedsatisfaction?A.Makingquickdecisions. B.Givingintodesiresinstantly.C.Immediaterewardsforimpulses. D.Postponingrewardsforbetteroutcomes.13.Whyisdelayedsatisfactionhardtoattain?A.Itcanleadtomissedopportunities B.It’sbadforachievinglong-termgoals.C.It’simpossibletoresisttheinnerneeds D.It’sacomforttopossesssomethingatonce.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.ThecomplexityoftheSeinfeldStrategy B.Anexampleofself-disciplinetechniques.C.Amethodofpracticingdelayedsatisfaction. D.Theeffectivenessofkeepingthechaingoing.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoforreturningtemptations?A.Ignoreuselessdetails. B.Getridofoldbadhabits.C.Concentrateontrueinnerwants. D.Canceltemptationsfromthecalendar.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了延遲滿足的重要性以及如何練習(xí)延遲滿?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“

Theabilitytodelayanimpulse(沖動)foranimmediaterewardtoreceiveamorefavorablerewardatalatertimeisthestandarddefinitionofdelayedsatisfaction.(延遲滿足的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義是延遲立即獲得獎勵的沖動，以便稍后獲得更有利的獎勵的能力。)”可知延遲滿足是推遲獎勵以獲得更好的結(jié)果。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Beingabletodelaysatisfactionisn’ttheeasiestskilltoacquire.Itinvolvesfeelingdissatisfied,whichiswhyitseemsimpossibleforpeoplewhohaven’tlearnedtocontroltheirimpulses.Choosingtohavesomethingnowmightfeelgood,butmakingtheefforttohavedisciplineandmanageyourimpulsescanresultinbiggerorbetterrewardsinthefuture.(能夠延遲滿足并不是最容易獲得的技能。它涉及到不滿意的感覺，這就是為什么對于那些還沒有學(xué)會控制自己的沖動的人來說似乎是不可能的。選擇現(xiàn)在擁有某些東西可能會感覺很好，但努力遵守紀(jì)律并控制自己的沖動可能會在未來帶來更大或更好的回報。)”可知，延遲滿足很難獲得是因為人們無法抗拒內(nèi)心的需求，故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“TheSeinfeldStrategyisoneofseveralhelpfulself-satisfactiontechniquesyoucanusetoputoffsatisfactionforlongerperiodsoftime.Everydaythatyoudelaysatisfactionandavoidtemptation( 誘惑),youcrossitoffyourcalendar.Afterafewdays,thiscreatesachain.Thisstrategyworkswellforpeoplewhoenjoygamification(游戲化).Ifyoufinditsatisfyingtokeepthechaingoing,you’relesslikelytogiveintotemptation.(《宋飛傳》策略是幾種有用的自我滿足技巧之一，你可以用它來推遲更長時間的滿足感。每一天你推遲滿足感并避免誘惑，你就會把它從你的日歷上劃掉。幾天后，這就形成了一條鏈。這種策略對于喜歡游戲化的人來說很有效。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)維持鏈條運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)很令人滿意，你就不太可能屈服于誘惑。)”可知，第四段主要講述了一種練習(xí)延遲滿足的方法。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Doyoufindyourselfgoingbacktoyourtemptationswithoutthinkingaboutit?Ifthisisthecase,youcanpracticemindfulnesstobecomemoreawareofwhatyoudo.

Whenyounoticeyourselfdoingsomethingoutofhabit,stopforamoment.Askyourselfwhyyou’redoingwhatyou’redoing.Takesometimetoanalyzehowyou’refeeling.Payattentiontothedetails.Takeamomentofmindulnesstointerruptyourautopiloteverytimethishappens.(您是否發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不假思索地又回到了誘惑之中？如果是這種情況，您可以練習(xí)正念以更加了解自己所做的事情。當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在做一些不習(xí)慣的事情時，停下來一會兒。問問自己為什么要做你正在做的事情。花一些時間來分析您的感受。注意細(xì)節(jié)。每次發(fā)生這種情況時，花點(diǎn)時間保持正念，打斷你的自動駕駛)”可知，作者建議人們練習(xí)正念來抵御誘惑，即問自己為什么要做正在做的事，分析自己的感受，由此可推知，作者建議人們專注于真正的內(nèi)心需求以此來抵御誘惑，故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Facinghardthingsis,well,hard.Sometimesweareforcedtosimplyshift,suchaswithalossorfailure;however,muchofthetime,wemayrecognizethedifficultiesunderneaththatneedattentionbutfeeltoooverwhelmedtoaddressthem.___16___Thedifficultiesmightbeanoutdatedhabit,atroublingmemoryoralong-ignoredconflict.Someindividualsfoolthemselvesintothinkingtherereallyisnotaproblem.It’slikesomeonetryingtoholdactivemiceunderablanketbyholdingdowntheedgesofthemovingblanket.Pullingbacktheblankettoletthemiceoutisneeded,despitebeingterrifying.Oncethemicearereleased,theremaybefurtherchallengestogetthemoutofthehouse.___17___Peopleoftenencountersimilarproblems.Avoidingorleavingthesituationappearstofixtheproblembutfailstotackletheunderlyingcause.Ratherthanrepeatedlycuttingweeds,gettingdownonthegroundandpullingtherootsismoreeffective.Facingissuesislikeuncoveringrootsfornewbeginningstoblossom.___18______19___Itfeelslikeaballed-upmessofwires.Pullinghardatonlyonewireactuallytightenstheknot.Wehavetotakeacalmerlookandpullaparteachwireoneatatime.Wecan’texpectthewirestoloosenorunwindthemselves.___20___Nevertheless,oncetheyhavebeenfreed,theycansometimesbeseparated,putaside,andusedasneeded.A.Theyarejustthereandpartofthechaos.B.Andhumansaremastersofavoidanceanddenial.C.TheoverallbenefitsfromtoughworkenablegrowthD.Makingchangesinone’slifeishardandcomplicated.E.Sadly,itoftenworsenswhenweapproachitwithanger.F.However,problemscannotbefacediftheyarenotfirstrecognized.G.Quickfixesmightprovidereliefintheshorttermbutoftennotinthelongterm.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.D20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在面對困難時我們應(yīng)該怎么做。【16題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Facinghardthingsis,well,hard.Sometimesweareforcedtosimplyshift,suchaswithalossorfailure;however,muchofthetime,wemayrecognizethedifficultiesunderneaththatneedattentionbutfeeltoooverwhelmedtoaddressthem.(面對困難的事情很難。有時，我們被迫簡單地改變，比如面對失敗時；然而，在大多數(shù)情況下，我們可能會認(rèn)識到需要關(guān)注的困難，但感到不堪重負(fù)，無法解決這些問題)”可知，前文提到我們在面對困難時，感到不堪重負(fù)，無法解決，故B項“人類就擅長回避和否認(rèn)?！蹦軌虺薪忧拔?，我們對于困難，感到不堪重負(fù)，無法解決，我們就擅長回避和否認(rèn)，故選B項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Someindividualsfoolthemselvesintothinkingtherereallyisnotaproblem.It’slikesomeonetryingtoholdactivemiceunderablanketbyholdingdowntheedgesofthemovingblanket.Pullingbacktheblankettoletthemiceoutisneeded,despitebeingterrifying.Oncethemicearereleased,theremaybefurtherchallengestogetthemoutofthehouse.(一些人自欺欺人地認(rèn)為真的沒問題。這就像有人試圖通過按住移動的毯子邊緣，將活躍的老鼠夾在毯子下。盡管很可怕，但需要拉開毯子讓老鼠出來。一旦老鼠被釋放，將它們帶出房子可能會面臨進(jìn)一步的挑戰(zhàn))”可知，空前提到一些人選擇自欺欺人，認(rèn)為沒有問題，并用老鼠舉例，故F項“然而，如果不先認(rèn)識到問題，就無法面對問題?！蹦軌虺薪忧拔模恍┤丝偸沁x擇自欺欺人，認(rèn)為沒有問題，但如果不先認(rèn)識到問題，就無法面對問題，故選F項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Avoidingorleavingthesituationappearstofixtheproblembutfailstotackletheunderlyingcause.Ratherthanrepeatedlycuttingweeds,gettingdownonthegroundandpullingtherootsismoreeffective.Facingissuesislikeuncoveringrootsfornewbeginningstoblossom.(逃避或離開這種情況似乎可以解決問題，但無法解決根本原因。與其反復(fù)除草，倒在地上拔根更有效。面對問題就像解開新開端綻放的根源)”可知，空前提到，逃避或離開似乎能解決問題，但無法解決根本原因，故G項“快速解決可能會提供短期的輕松，但無法提供長期的輕松?！蹦軌虺薪忧拔?，逃避或離開這種情況似乎可以解決問題，但這樣的快速解決只能提供短期的輕松，無法長期地解決問題，故選G項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Itfeelslikeaballed-upmessofwires.Pullinghardatonlyonewireactuallytightenstheknot.(它就感覺像一團(tuán)亂糟糟的電線。只要用力拉一根鐵絲，就會打結(jié))”可知，空后提到它就像是一團(tuán)亂糟糟的電線，故D項“改變生活是困難而復(fù)雜的?！蹦軌虺薪雍笪?，空后的it指代D項中的“makingchanges”，做出改變是困難而復(fù)雜的，它就像是一團(tuán)亂糟糟的電線，只要用力一拉，就會打結(jié)，故選D項。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Wecan’texpectthewirestoloosenorunwindthemselves.(我們不能指望電線會自動松動或解開)”可知，A項“它們就在那里，是混亂的一部分?！蹦軌虺薪忧拔?，是前文的順義承接，我們不能指望電線會自動松開或解開，它們就在那里，是混亂的一部分，A項中的they指代前文的“wires”，故選A項。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Madelinesatonherbedandtriedtowrite.Tearsdroppedontothepage,makingtheink___21___.Herbestfriendwasmoving,andherheart___22___asshepennedhowmuchshewouldmisshim.Sheheardhermotherspeakingdownstairs,butthewordswere___23___.Thiswasa___24___,ashermothersaid,“Kidsheragedon’tknowwhatloveis!”UncleJoerespondedinalowtone.___25___,Madelinecouldn’tcatchwhatwassaid.Shecontinuedtowriteuntilshereachedtheendand___26___,shelaidherheadonthepillowandsobbed.Then,shefelta___27___handonhershoulder.“It’sgoingtobeokay.Youcan___28___eachother,right?”Madeline___29___herhead.“MomsaysI’mnotoldenoughforaphone.”UncleJoeanswered___30___,“ButI’mfriendswithLeo’sdad.YourmomsaidyoucantalktoLeoonmyphone.Plus,Igaveherhisnumber.”Hedidn’ttellherthathermomhadthoughtitallsillyandunnecessary.Madeline___31___,throwingherarmsaroundUncleJoe’sneck.“Thankyou!”“Noproblem.”Hiseyesfellonthe___32___.“WantmetoensurethisgetstoLeo?”Madelinenodded“Feellikeplayingagame?IpromiseIwon’tmessaround.”Madelinesmiled—smallbut___33___.UncleJoewouldn’treadtheletter;she___34___him.Asurethingwasthathissisterwasmistaken.Thoughonlyeight,MadelineandLeosharedapure,innocentbond—untouchedby___35___.21.A.emerge B.bleed C.leak D.escape22.A.raced B.hesitated C.ached D.melted23.A.indistinct B.sharp C.pale D.impolite24.A.burden B.warning C.bonus D.blessing25.A.Instead B.Anyway C.Again D.Moreover26.A.worried B.confused C.bored D.exhausted27.A.comforting B.firm C.smooth D.tre