秘籍09閱讀理解（記敘文和說(shuō)明文）-2023年中考英語(yǔ)搶分秘籍

突破閱讀理解（1）記敘文和說(shuō)明文（一）題型分析閱讀理解是每年中考試題的“重中之重”。此題型的分值為3040分，約占整套試題總分的45%左右。閱讀理解主要考查考生通過(guò)閱讀短文獲取一定信息的能力。近幾年的中考試題考查的文體多為記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文等，考查內(nèi)容比較廣泛。不僅如此，閱讀理解的文章在體裁方面也越來(lái)越多樣化，廣告、圖表等應(yīng)用文是近年來(lái)中考試題的新體裁；在內(nèi)容方面，也更加體現(xiàn)了時(shí)代性和可讀性，題材包括科普、社會(huì)、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面。（二）體裁簡(jiǎn)析一、英語(yǔ)閱讀文體類型簡(jiǎn)析中考英語(yǔ)閱讀常見的文體類型有：記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文。01、記敘文。英語(yǔ)記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點(diǎn)、或過(guò)程。特點(diǎn)是，其主題往往潛伏在字里行間，沒有直接地表白出來(lái)；文章主旨要透過(guò)體察所揭示的人物、事件來(lái)進(jìn)行提煉。描寫手法大多按時(shí)間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來(lái)展開。閱讀記敘文體應(yīng)采取略讀和掃讀的方法，快速抓住文中描寫的主要內(nèi)容，從整體上去把握文章的連貫性，進(jìn)而大體上揣測(cè)出作者的寫作意圖及情感主線。高考閱讀就記敘文設(shè)題大多以細(xì)節(jié)理解為主。02、說(shuō)明文。英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的總體結(jié)構(gòu)通常為三部份，說(shuō)明對(duì)象、說(shuō)明過(guò)程和歸納總結(jié)。常見的說(shuō)明方法：就中考英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的閱讀而言，首先要抓住文章說(shuō)明的要點(diǎn)，也就是要抓住被說(shuō)明對(duì)象的實(shí)質(zhì)性特征；弄清作者從哪個(gè)角度、哪個(gè)層面開始說(shuō)明；并明白文章最后的說(shuō)明結(jié)論。中考說(shuō)明文閱讀材料通常介紹最新科技、重大成就、生活時(shí)尚、流行現(xiàn)象等。了解說(shuō)明文的寫作手法、說(shuō)明方法，理清短文結(jié)構(gòu)及段落中心思想是答題關(guān)鍵。03、議論文。英語(yǔ)議論文通常為三段式，即“論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論”三部份組成。首先借助某一現(xiàn)象引出論點(diǎn)，然后通過(guò)一定論據(jù)從各個(gè)層面上加以推理論證，最后得出結(jié)論。議論文體主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)論點(diǎn)及論據(jù)的把握。因此，遇到議論文體時(shí)，應(yīng)采取抓主題句的方法來(lái)把握文章主旨，弄清作者的觀點(diǎn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作者的論點(diǎn)通常在文章首段被引出，接著是對(duì)這一論點(diǎn)的邏輯推理和論證，最后為結(jié)論。還應(yīng)注意的是：在對(duì)論點(diǎn)論證的過(guò)程中，每一段的首句都是該段的主題句。把握全文論點(diǎn)、弄清論證各段的主題句、理解文章層次、找出中心論點(diǎn)的位置是理解議論文的關(guān)鍵。04、應(yīng)用文。英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文屬于實(shí)用型文體，如書信、通知、日記、廣告等。應(yīng)用文閱讀要注意文中具體細(xì)節(jié)的把握與理解，弄清作者所傳達(dá)的實(shí)際信息及表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。閱讀時(shí)采取速讀與精讀相結(jié)合的方法，力求快速精確地查出試題所設(shè)置的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。（三）解題技巧掌握中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的應(yīng)試技巧，正確地理解和分析問題，考生應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：1．主旨題文章段落的首句和末句，一般表達(dá)文章的主題和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明、解釋或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目標(biāo)，找出文章及段落中的主題句，了解了它們的含義，就可以順著提供的主要線索去捕捉文章的相關(guān)信息，從而獲得解決問題的答案。最有效的辦法是找出主題句。主題句一般具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）表述的意思通常是總結(jié)性的；（2）句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡(jiǎn)單，多數(shù)都不采用長(zhǎng)、難句的形式；（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用來(lái)解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表述的主題思想的。2．推斷題推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、某一觀點(diǎn)沒有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過(guò)文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過(guò)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語(yǔ)氣及觀點(diǎn)。（1）事實(shí)推斷。這種推斷常常針對(duì)某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié)，是比較簡(jiǎn)單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。（2）指代推斷。確定指代詞的含義和指代對(duì)象是閱讀理解題常見的題目。要確定指代詞所指代的對(duì)象，關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)上下文的正確理解。指代名詞的指代詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與被指代的詞一致，因此數(shù)的形式可作為識(shí)別指代對(duì)象的第一個(gè)輔助標(biāo)志。（3）邏輯推斷。這類題目往往是要求根據(jù)文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言來(lái)推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感受。（4）對(duì)作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷。這一類考題大都要求學(xué)生就作者對(duì)論述對(duì)象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對(duì)所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)，還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來(lái)，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種推斷時(shí)，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語(yǔ)?？傊?，只要平時(shí)善于積累，并熟練運(yùn)用上述解題技巧，初中閱讀理解題就將不再是難題。3．猜測(cè)詞義題閱讀短文時(shí)，常常會(huì)遇到一些生詞。這時(shí)，考生要沉著、冷靜，細(xì)心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通過(guò)對(duì)全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜測(cè)出生詞的大意。另外，還可以從含有生詞句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之間的關(guān)系來(lái)判斷、理解生詞以求獲得其真正含義。猜測(cè)生詞的另一種方法是，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測(cè)。遇到生詞后，可從構(gòu)詞法角度分析判斷生詞。例如：inexpensive一詞，其中詞根expensive的含義是“貴的”。前綴in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜測(cè)此詞詞義為“不貴的，便宜的”?？傊?，猜詞題可以用到以下技巧（1）.根據(jù)文中的解釋（2）.使用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)和括號(hào)等（3）.根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)或根據(jù)同等關(guān)系（4）.根據(jù)語(yǔ)義的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（5）.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系（6）.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)（7）.根據(jù)常識(shí)，上下文邏輯4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過(guò)程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而常常可采取“帶著問題找答案”的方法.先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句.仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較.確定答案。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對(duì)客觀的事實(shí)作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)節(jié)，在必要的時(shí)候（做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)候）能夠準(zhǔn)確而迅速地將他們回憶起來(lái)。5．利用常識(shí)解題多了解一些常識(shí)性知識(shí)有利于閱讀理解。如果對(duì)文章的相關(guān)背景有所了解，讀起文章來(lái)一定既省時(shí)又省力。因此，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，了解各方面的背景知識(shí)是十分重要的?？忌鷳?yīng)了解下列知識(shí)：(1)著名作家、藝術(shù)家及其主要作品；(2)了解西方社會(huì)風(fēng)土人情、社交活動(dòng)、新年、圣誕節(jié)活動(dòng)、宗教信仰、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等；(3)多看新聞聯(lián)播、世界各地和各類英語(yǔ)講座等節(jié)目；(4)使用各種工具書，查閱各類名詞、術(shù)語(yǔ)、重大事件等；(5)熟記常用的縮略詞語(yǔ)。6．正確理解題干縱觀歷年中考試題，閱讀理解試題一般有以下幾種題型：一是直接回答who，whom，which，what，where，when，why，how等疑問詞引起的細(xì)節(jié)問題；二是猜測(cè)詞義題；三是推理判斷題；四是綜合概括題。在做閱讀理解題時(shí)，一定要仔細(xì)看完、看清楚試題要求再作答，特別要注意NOT，TRUE，EXCEPT等詞。有時(shí)，要先看題后閱讀文章，帶著問題去讀短文，可縮短閱讀時(shí)間，效果也許會(huì)更好?？傊?，閱讀理解題是中考試題中非常重要的一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，占有舉足輕重的地位。如果學(xué)生按上述答題方法去做，再做些適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)，一定會(huì)在閱讀理解題上取得比較理想的成績(jī)。下面就在考試如何有效搶分進(jìn)行實(shí)列演練說(shuō)明，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們根據(jù)示范進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練：演練2個(gè)篇章，01記敘文02說(shuō)明文01模擬演練：記敘文Ithappenedtwoyearsago.ItwasMother’sDaymorning.Iwasdoingmyshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfiveyearoldson,Tenyson.Aswewereleaving,wefoundthatonly

minutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheground.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasblood

everywhereandthewomanwasembarrassed(尷尬的)andclearlyinshock.Walkingtowardsthescene,Tenysonbecameverysadaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple.Hesaidtome,“Mum,it’snotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone.”Atthefrontofthesupermarketacharitygrouphadsetupastandsellingfishandchipsandflowerstoraisefunds.Tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower.

“Itwillmakeherfeelbetter,”

hesaid.Iwasamazedthathe’deupwithsuchasweetidea.Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecould

buy

aflowerfortheladytocheerherup.“Justtakeit,”shereplied.“Ican’ttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture(姿勢(shì)).”Bynowparamedics（救援人員）hadarrived,andwereattendingtheinjured(受傷的)woman.Aswewalkeduptoher,mysonbecame

intimidated

byallthe

blood

andmedicalequipment(器具).Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher.InsteadIgavetheflowertothe

woman’shusbandandtoldhim,“Mysonwas

verysadforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthis

flowertomakeherfeelbetter.”Atthat,theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid,“Thankyousomuch,youhaveawonderfulson.HappyMother’sDaytoyou.”Themanthenbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower,telling

her

whoitwasfrom.Thoughbadlyhurtandshaken,theoldladylookedupatTenysonwithloveinhereyesandgave

him

alittlesmile.1.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?A.Onecanneverbetoocareful. B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Lovebeginswithalittlesmile. D.Asmallactofkindnessbringsagreatjoy.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheelderlywomanwasknockeddownbyTenyson.B.Tenyson’sideaof

buyingaflowergained

his

mother’ssupport.C.Tenyson’scarefortheelderlywomansurprisedtheflowerseller.D.Theelderly

woman

wasmovedtotearsbyTenyson’sgesture.3.Theunderlinedword“intimidated”inthepassageprobablymeans“___________”.A.surprised B.pleased C.frightened D.excited4.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthestory._________a.Theparamedicsarrivedandattendedtheinjuredwoman.b.Webought

aflowerfortheladytocheerherup.c.Ididsomeshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfiveyearoldson.d.Mysonbecameverysadaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple.e.Anelderlywomanfelloverattheentrance.A.c,e,a,b,d B.a,c,e,d,b C.c,a,e,d,b D.c,e,d,b,a5Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThePowerofFlower B.Mother’sDayC.AnAccidentalInjury D.AnEmbarrassingMoment解題演練：做記敘文的時(shí)候先將事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，人物弄清楚。然后了解事件發(fā)生經(jīng)過(guò)。也可以帶著問題進(jìn)行閱讀。時(shí)間：2年前母親節(jié).地點(diǎn)：當(dāng)?shù)爻?。人物：我?歲兒子，及后面摔倒的老太和老大爺。事件發(fā)生的過(guò)程：有一位老人摔倒了并流了很多血。我兒子給她買了花，結(jié)果對(duì)方很感激兒子善意的做法。也很開心有人能夠關(guān)心她。大意掌握后然后再推敲各題。【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.D5.A【解析】1題。掌握文章大意后。進(jìn)行合理推理判斷。這篇文章講了一個(gè)母親節(jié)，作者和兒子在商場(chǎng)購(gòu)物，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一位摔倒受傷的老人，作者的兒子堅(jiān)持要給老人買束花。盡管老人受傷嚴(yán)重，但是仍然向作者的兒子露出了微笑。由此可見一個(gè)小小的善舉都可能帶來(lái)快樂。故選D。2B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。要將每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行思考定位到原文中。如A選項(xiàng)A.TheelderlywomanwasknockeddownbyTenyson.A、那老婦人被泰尼森撞倒了。錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)定位到原文。根據(jù)第三段中sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.可知對(duì)Tenyson的主意獲得了他的母親的支持，故選B。3.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher可猜出“intimidated”意思是害怕。故選C。4.D排序題。技巧：用排除法。先觀察選項(xiàng):第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有ac所以先比較ac哪一個(gè)在前先發(fā)生。根據(jù)第一段的Iwasdoingmyshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfiveyearoldson,Tenyson.可知這個(gè)故事首先發(fā)生的是：我和我五歲大的兒子去當(dāng)?shù)氐某匈?gòu)物。故c項(xiàng)排在第一。故排除B項(xiàng)。再比較第二選項(xiàng)：只有a和e。所以比較a和e哪一個(gè)先發(fā)生。定位到根據(jù)第一段的Aswewereleaving,wefoundthatonly

minutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentrance可知當(dāng)我們要離開時(shí)，一位老人在門口處摔倒了，故e項(xiàng)排在第二，故排除C項(xiàng)。再比較第三選項(xiàng)：只在AD里面進(jìn)行比較。看a和d哪個(gè)在前發(fā)生。根據(jù)Bynowparamedics（救援人員）hadarrived,andwereattendingtheinjured(受傷的)woman.可知后來(lái)救援人員到來(lái)了，故a項(xiàng)排在第三。因此故事發(fā)生的正確順序，應(yīng)選D。做排序題用這種排除法方法?？梢允掳牍Ρ丁Ｇ覝?zhǔn)確率很高，5.A標(biāo)題歸納題。這篇文章講了一個(gè)母親節(jié)，作者和兒子在商場(chǎng)購(gòu)物，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一位摔倒受傷的老人，作者的兒子堅(jiān)持要給老人買束花。盡管老人受傷嚴(yán)重，但是仍然向作者的兒子露出了微笑。所以最好的題目應(yīng)該是鮮花的力量，故選A。細(xì)節(jié)題解題方略：第一，你要首先要定位到原文位置，要找到考點(diǎn)，這是第一個(gè)要做到的。第二，要仔細(xì)的看原文是怎么說(shuō)的，原文相關(guān)的幾句話，要保證看明白，不能光看對(duì)應(yīng)的一句話。第三，要仔細(xì)推敲問題是怎么問的？很多考生是看文章是怎么說(shuō)的，但是往往忽略題目是怎么問的？提問方式，提問的重點(diǎn)就顯得格外的重要，很多的考生原文看懂了，但是解錯(cuò)了，因?yàn)轭}目沒有看，提問的重點(diǎn)沒有看明白。第四，體會(huì)細(xì)節(jié)題正確答案和干擾項(xiàng)目涉及的基本的特點(diǎn)。簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，正確的答案：一、要必須和文章講的意思要完全的符合，不能有絲毫的偏差。二、正確的答案必須要回答問題。排序題方略排序題是細(xì)節(jié)題的一種，用排除法。先比較第一選項(xiàng)，在比較第二選項(xiàng)，逐漸排除。請(qǐng)看上面方法。主旨大意題解題方略?1、先看問題，看是否有和主旨相關(guān)的題目，了解題目類別和提問方式。?2、再看文章首尾和各段開頭，找出主題句或通過(guò)瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨。?3、以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣或意圖等其他深層次問題。?4、這類題目需要對(duì)文章有整體性的把握，建議最后做?文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主題句定位法：通過(guò)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每一小段的主題句，然后通過(guò)尋找共同點(diǎn)，找出整個(gè)文章的主題句。最佳標(biāo)題解題方略最佳標(biāo)題—選帽原則：像帽子一樣，大小合適才行。另外，標(biāo)題要簡(jiǎn)潔、突出、新穎。標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，所以它還要具有醒目的特點(diǎn)，能吸引讀者。主旨大意技術(shù)總結(jié)：主旨題不能夠從原文中直接找到答案的題，要注意1、以原文為依據(jù)，不參雜個(gè)人意見，要客觀不要主觀。要克服“我認(rèn)為…怎么樣”的觀點(diǎn)。2、答案是比出來(lái)的。答案不選對(duì)的，只選最好的。

因?yàn)?，有時(shí)候四個(gè)答案都是對(duì)的。答案不選對(duì)的，只選最好的。比答案的原則是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不對(duì)的。3、注意絕對(duì)化的詞。如果答案選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)化的詞，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every等等，除非文章當(dāng)中使用了該類詞匯，否則，一般都要排除。4、答案要避免以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏蓋全。尤其是多個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有道理，難以挑選正確答案的時(shí)候，要注意選擇最符合題目要求的一個(gè)。5、“傻瓜”原則。文章中沒有提到的就當(dāng)時(shí)不知道，不要枉自猜測(cè)，自作聰明。一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】記敘文(敘事+人物傳記)ATheyearwas1859.AmericaandEnglandhadalreadyfoughttwowars.Now,theywereatpeace.Butonedayapiggothungry.Anditnearlycausedanotherwarbetweenthetwocountries.ThepigwasownedbyaBritishmanwholivedonasmallisland.TheislandwasjustofthewesternpartofNorthAmerica.BothEnglandandtheUSsaidtheislandwastheirs.AcrosstheislandfromtheBritishmanlivedsomeAmericanfarmers.Everyoneontheislandgotalongpeacefully.ButthepeaceendedthedaytheBritishman'spigdecidedtoeatsomeofanAmericanfarmer'spotatoes.OneoftheAmericanfarmersshotandkilledthepig.Thenthepigsownerwanted$100fromthemanwhoshottheanimal.Thatwasalotofmoney,sothefarmerrefusedtopayit.TheBritishandAmericansbegantoargue,andthesituationgotworse.Thefarmersaskedthegovernorovertheislandatthattimeforhelp.Hesentagroupofsoldierstoprotectthefarmers.TheBritishansweredbysending2,000soldiers.TheBritishwereononesideoftheisland,andtheAmericanswereontheother.Theproblemthatbeganwiththepigwasabouttobeeashootingwar.WhennewsoftheproblemreachedWashingtonandLondon,bothleadersweresurprised.Neithercountrywantedanotherwar.Theysentsomementotrytofixtheproblem.Afteradiscussion,itwasdecidedthateachcountrywouldkeepasmallgroupofsoldierontheisland.Theywouldstaythereuntilthetwocountriescoulddecidewhoownedtheisland.Thentheotherswouldhavetoleave.Twelveyearswentby.Neithersidewantedtogiveuptheisland,buttheyknewtheyhadtodosomething.TheyaskedtheleaderofGermanytohelpdecide.Afternearlyayearofdiscussion,adecisionwasmade.Americawouldgettheisland.Finally,thePigWarwasoverandonlyoneshotwasfired.Thatwastheshotthatkilledthepig!1.Whatcausedtheproblemontheislandaccordingtothepassage?A.AnAmericanshotaBritishman.B.Agroupofsoldierscametotheisland.C.BritishmendestroyedanAmerican'sfarmland.D.ABritishman'spigatesomepotatoesofanAmericanfarmer's.2.WhydidtheAmericanfarmerskillthepigs?A.BecausetheywantedtogetlotsofmoneyB.Becausetheywantedtofightagainstthepigs’owner.C.BecausethepigsatesomeofanAmericanfarmer'spotatoes.D.BecausetheAmericansthoughtthepeacelastedtoolong.3.Theunderlinedword"they"inParagraph4refersto_______________.A.thefarmers B.theleaders C.thesoldiers D.theGermans4.Accordingtothepassage,therealpurposeofthetwocountrieswas_________________.A.toownanisland B.tokillapig C.togetmoremoney D.tostartawar5.Whichofthefollowingmighthethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThePigIsland B.ThePigWarC.ThePigontheIsland D.TheIslandWar【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.A5.B【解析】你知道嗎，因?yàn)橐活^豬，兩個(gè)國(guó)家差點(diǎn)開始一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)？這說(shuō)的是1859年的英國(guó)和美國(guó)，那時(shí)他們共同占有一個(gè)島。其中有一個(gè)英國(guó)人飼養(yǎng)了一頭豬，這頭豬太餓了，吃了美國(guó)農(nóng)民種植的土豆，于是美國(guó)農(nóng)民就把豬殺死了，英國(guó)人索要賠款，于是雙方開始了爭(zhēng)論，最后竟然動(dòng)用了士兵，雙方戰(zhàn)事即將展開。但兩國(guó)政府都不愿意打仗，派人去解決這個(gè)問題。直到12年之后，他們請(qǐng)了一個(gè)德國(guó)的領(lǐng)袖來(lái)裁決這個(gè)島的歸屬，經(jīng)過(guò)一年的討論，美國(guó)人得到了這個(gè)島。這場(chǎng)由豬引發(fā)的沖突也結(jié)束了。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段ThepigwasownedbyaBritishmanwholivedonasmallisland.AcrosstheislandfromtheBritishmanlivedsomeAmericanfarmers.Everyoneontheislandgotalongpeacefully.ButthepeaceendedthedaytheBritishman'spigdecidedtoeatsomeofanAmericanfarmer'spotatoes.可知，由于英國(guó)人飼養(yǎng)的豬吃了美國(guó)農(nóng)民種植的土豆，島上的和平被打破了。由此可知應(yīng)選D。2.CButthepeaceendedthedaytheBritishman'spigdecidedtoeatsomeofanAmericanfarmer'spotatoes.從這里可知答案。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。They是一個(gè)代詞，代指上文提到的人或物，因此根據(jù)上句話Afterdiscussion,itwasdecidedthateachcountrywouldkeepasmallgroupofsoldierontheisland.“討論之后決定每個(gè)國(guó)家都會(huì)在島上保留一小部分士兵”，以及這句話Theywouldstaythereuntilthetwocountriescoulddecidewhoownedtheisland.“他們會(huì)一直待在那兒，直到兩個(gè)國(guó)家決定誰(shuí)擁有這座島”可知，“他們”指的是留在島上的士兵，故應(yīng)選C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第四段Theysentsomementotrytofixtheproblem.After.discussion,itwasdecidedthateachcountrywouldkeepasmallgroupofsoldierontheisland.Theywouldstaythereuntilthetwocountriescoulddecidewhoownedtheisland.Thentheotherswouldhavetoleave.可知，豬引發(fā)了兩國(guó)之間的沖突這只是直接原因，而他們問題的根本是誰(shuí)擁有這座島。因此兩個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)峙的目的是想擁有這座島。故應(yīng)選A。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文第一段Butonedayapiggothungry.Anditnearlycausedanotherwarbetweenthetwocountries和最后一段Finally,thePigWarwasover可知，這篇短文給我們講述了一場(chǎng)由豬引發(fā)的沖突。故B選項(xiàng)ThePigWar最能概括文章大意，選B。B（2022年廣州中考題）Slowlybutsurely,Amyandhergrandparentsweremakingprogress.Boxesofallsizeswereplacedontopofeachotherthroughoutthehouse.Amy’sgrandparentshadlivedinthehouseforyearsandtheyhadcollectedmanythings.Thediningroomwasfullofmemories.Amy’sgrandfatherkeptmanyfinedinnerplates（盤子）fromhishometown.Amyrememberedthattheyatefromthered,yellow,andblueplatesduringimportantholidays.Aftercarefullywrappingup（包裹）theplatesandputtingthemintoabox,Amylifteditupandmoveditoutoftheway.Buttheboxwastooheavy.Itsuddenlyfellfromherarmsanddroppedtothefloor.Allthreeofthemheardtheplatesshatter.“I’msorry!”Amyapologised.“It’sokay,”hergrandfathersaidquietly.“Itwasanaccident.”Theyopenedtheboxand,sureenough,manyoftheplateswerebroken.Onlyafewremainedwhole.Lookingatthesmallpieces,Amyfeltreallyterrible.Sheknewtheseplateswerepasseddownfromhergreatgrandparentsand…“Don’tworry,”hergrandmothersaid,pattingherontheback.Carefully,theyputthebrokenpiecesintoarubbishbag.Theycontinuedpackingforalittlewhile,butAmystillfeltverysorry.Shewastryingveryhardtothinkofawaytomakeitupforhergrandparents.Soon,Amy’sfathercame.“Ihavetogo,”shesaid.“Dadisheretopickmeup.”Shekissedhergrandparentsbothpickedupthebagofthebrokenpiecesandleft.“What’sthat?”herfatherasked,asAmyclimbedintothecar.Amylookedatthebaginherhandsasanideacametoher.“This,”shesaid,“isanartproject.”Thefollowingday,Amywenttoanartstoreandboughteverythingsheneeded.Thenshestartedtowork.Sheusedathinboardasthebase.Thenshetookoutthecolourfulplatepiecesandgluedtheminacreativewayontheboard.Whenitwasdry,Amywrappeditup.Afewdayslater,Amy’sfamilyhadabigdinnerathergrandparents’newhouse.Shehandedhergifttohergrandparents.“Thisisfantastic,Amy!”saidhergrandfather.“Ican’twaittohangitupinournewhome,”Amy’sgrandmothersaidasshegaveherabighug.1.WhatwasAmyhelpinghergrandparentsdoatthebeginningofthestory?A.Movetoanewhouse. B.Wrapupsomepresents.C.Collectfinedinnerplates. D.Prepareabigfamilydinner.2.WhydidAmyfeelsorryforthebrokenplates?A.Theywereneverusedbythefamily. B.Theywerevaluableholidaypresents.C.Theyweremeaningfulfamilytreasures. D.Theywereexpensivehometownproducts.3.HowdidAmyfinallydealwiththebrokenplatepieces?A.Shesentthemtoanartstore. B.Sheputtheminherfather’scar.C.Shemadeaspecialgiftwiththem. D.Shethrewthemintoarubbishbag.4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAmy?A.Kindandcreative. B.Bravebutforgetful.C.Carelessbuthelpful. D.Funnyandhardworking.【答案】1.A2.C3.C4.A【解析】本文講述艾米幫祖父母搬家的時(shí)候打破了盤子，她感到很內(nèi)疚，她用碎片制作了一份禮物送給了祖父母。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Slowlybutsurely,Amyandhergrandparentsweremakingprogress.Boxesofallsizeswereplacedontopofeachotherthroughoutthehouse”及第三段“Aftercarefullywrappinguptheplatesandputtingthemintoabox,Amylifteditupandmoveditoutoftheway”可知，艾米幫祖父母把東西打包搬家。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Sheknewtheseplateswerepasseddownfromhergreatgrandparents”可知，這些盤子是從祖祖父母那里傳下來(lái)的，可知是有意義的家族財(cái)寶。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“shetookoutthecolourfulplatepiecesandgluedtheminacreativewayontheboard.Whenitwasdry,Amywrappeditup”及倒數(shù)第三段“Shehandedhergifttohergrandparents”可知，她用破碎的盤子制作了一份禮物。故選C。4.推理判斷題。文章講述艾米幫祖父母搬家的時(shí)候打破了盤子，她感到很內(nèi)疚，她用碎片制作了一份禮物送給了祖父母?？赏茢喟追浅Ｉ屏挤浅Ｓ袆?chuàng)意。故選A。C（2022年江蘇蘇州中考題）WhenIwaslittle,Iwasreallylittle.Butmydreamwasbig.Idreamedofbeingabasketballplayer.Itriedoutfortheteamsatschool,butIwasnevergivenachance.AsIgotolder,Ididgrowalittlebigger,butnotalotbigger.Onmy12thbirthday,Idecidedtotryanewsport:running.ItoldGrandpa.“I’mgoingtobeanathlete.”“Dave.”Grandpabegangently,“ifyoucan’tbebig,youcandosomethingbig.”Iran12milesonmy12thbirthday.Onmy13thbirthday,Ididitagain,butIaddedanextramile.Onmy14thbirthday,Iran14miles.15onmy15th,16onmy16th,andyouguessedit—17milesonmy17thbirthday.Allthisrunninginspired（激發(fā)）anotherbigdream.Someday,I’druntheBostonMarathon（波士頓馬拉松賽）.ItoldGrandpaaboutmydecision.“But,Dave,youhaven’ttrainedforthemarathon.Areyousureyou’reready?”Grandpaasked.Buthestillpromisedtowalkoverandcheermeon.Iranfastthatday,ButIfellatMile18andwasdriventothehospital.Laterthatnight,IcalledGrandpaandtoldhimIfailed.“No,”hesaidcalmly,“youdidn’tfail.Youdiscoveredsomething.”“Idid?”Iasked.“Yes,youdiscoveredthatbigdreamsdon’tjustetrue.Theytakework.Ifyoutrainandworkhard,Ipromisetowaitforyounextyearandcheeryouon.”Itrainedeveryday,runningmilesandmiles.Sadly,justtwomonthsintomytraining,Grandpadied.Hewouldn’tbewaitingformysecondBostonMarathon.IdecidedI’drunforhim.Thatday,Iranfast.“Keepgoing!Youcandoit!”HiswordsfilledmyheadasIforcedmylegstomakeeachpainfulstep.AsIcrossedthefinishline,Ithrewmyarmsintheairandcried,“Grandpa,wedidit!”1.WhydidDavefailtojointheschoolbasketballteam?A.Hecouldn’trunfast. B.Hedidn’tworkhard.C.Hewasnottallenough. D.Hewasn’taquicklearner.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraphAreferto?A.Addinganextramile. B.Runningonhisbirthday.C.Trainingforthemarathon. D.Tryingoutforthebasketballteam.3.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesGrandpa?A.Creative. B.Modest. C.Generous. D.Encouraging.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DreamBig B.TheBostonMarathonC.ThinkTwice D.TheStoryofGrandpa【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A【解析】本文主要講述了作者通過(guò)自己的努力終于參加了馬拉松比賽，并且取得了成功的故事。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhenIwaslittle,Iwasreallylittle.Butmydreamwasbig.Idreamedofbeingabasketballplayer”可知，因?yàn)樽髡卟粔蚋?，所以沒有進(jìn)入籃球隊(duì)，故選C。2.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Iran12milesonmy12thbirthday.Onmy13thbirthday,Ididitagain,butIaddedanextramile”可知，在作者13歲生日時(shí)也堅(jiān)持跑步，只不過(guò)是額外增加了一英里，所以it指代“在生日這天跑步”，故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Yes,youdiscoveredthatbigdreamsdon’tjustetrue.Theytakework.Ifyoutrainandworkhard,Ipromisetowaitforyounextyearandcheeryouon”可知，從祖父在作者失敗時(shí)對(duì)他的鼓勵(lì)可以看出，祖父是一個(gè)鼓舞人心的人，故選D。4.最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，本文多次出現(xiàn)“bigdream”這樣的詞語(yǔ)，可以推斷出本文也是圍繞“大夢(mèng)想”這個(gè)線索展開描述，故選A。D（2022年湖北武漢中考題）Allthroughgradeschool，Igotextrahelpwithschoolwork.IfIgotaD,Iwasveryhappy.IfIgotaCminus(C),Ihadachievedgreatness.A’sandB’swereakingdomIcouldneverenter.Oncemyteacher,MissMills,hadgivenmealistoftenspellingwords.MymotherandIwentoverthelistuntilIknewthosewords.Ifeltgreat.Ithought,“Wow!Thistime,I’mgoingtopass.”Thenextday,Iwentintotheclassroomandbegantowritedownthewords.Thefirstwordwascarper.Iwrotethatonedown:carpet.Iwasfeelingprettyconfident.ThencameneighborIwrotedownthelettern.ThenrhythmIknewtherewasanr.SuburbanIwrotesub.Myconfidencefailedme.Ihadgonefrom100percenttomaybeaDminus.Wheredidthewordsgo?Somepeopletalkaboutinformationslidingoffyourbrain.Thatwasmylife.Iwasanunderachiever(未能充分發(fā)揮學(xué)習(xí)潛力者).NowIknowIhavedyslexia(誦讀困難癥).Apersonwithdyslexiamightseetheasteh,andbirdasbrid.Mybrainlearnsdifferently.Alearningdisabilitycanreallychangethewayyoufeelaboutyourself.NowIknowthatevenifIlearndifferently,Icanstillbefilledwithgreatness.TodaywhenIvisitschoolsasanactor,director,andcoauthorofchildren’sbooks,Itellchildrenthateveryonehassomethingspecialinside.It’sourjobtofindoutwhatthatisandgetitout,andgiveittotheworldasagift.1.What’sthewriter’sproblemingradeschool?A.Hehadtroublespelling. B.HeoftengotCminuses.C.Hewasabsentminded. D.Hehadaphysicaldisability.2.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatthewriter________.A.wrotedown20%wordscorrectly B.knewhehaddyslexiathenC.feltupsetabouthimselfatlast D.studiedhardandpassedthetest3.Theunderlinedphrase“slidingoff”inParagraph3probablymeans________.A.inginto B.goingthroughC.movingaround D.disappearingfrom4.Afterthewriterknewhehaddyslexia,he________.A.feltveryexcited B.hadmoredifficultiesinstudyC.wasfilledwithsadness D.changedhisviewofhimself5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AChangeforSure B.AGreatUnderachieverC.AGiftfromtheWorld D.ASpecialSpellingBee【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.D5.B【解析】本文主要介紹了作者作為一個(gè)有誦讀困難癥的差等生的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，作者明白即使以不同的方式學(xué)習(xí)，依舊可以充滿偉大，他最終取得了成功。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Thefirstwordwascarper.Iwrotethatonedown:carpet.Iwasfeelingprettyconfident.ThencameneighborIwrotedownthelettern.ThenrhythmIknewtherewasanr.SuburbanIwrotesub.”可知，作者在小學(xué)拼寫單詞有困難。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“Myconfidencefailedme.Ihadgonefrom100percenttomaybeaDminus.Wheredidthewordsgo?”可知，作者失去了信心，覺得自己的表現(xiàn)可能得D，由此推斷出作者最后對(duì)自己感到不安。故選C。3.詞義猜測(cè)題。第二段中作者原本記住了單詞并且感覺極好，但開始寫的時(shí)候卻一錯(cuò)再錯(cuò)，結(jié)合“Somepeopletalkaboutinformationslidingoffyourbrain.”可推出此處指信息從大腦中消失，slidingoff意為“disappearingfrom”。故選D。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Alearningdisabilitycanreallychangethewayyoufeelaboutyourself.NowIknowthatevenifIlearndifferently,Icanstillbefilledwithgreatness.”可知，當(dāng)作者知道自己有閱讀障礙后，他改變了對(duì)自己的看法。故選D。5.標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了作者作為一個(gè)有誦讀困難癥的差等生的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，作者明白即使以不同的方式學(xué)習(xí)，依舊可以充滿偉大，他最終取得了成功。用“AGreatUnderachiever”做標(biāo)題最合適。故選B。（人物傳記）E（2022年廣州中考題）CharlesDarwinEarlyyearsCharlesDarwinwasoneofthesixchildrenfromabigfamily.HisgrandfatherandfatherweredoctorsandtheyoungDarwinwenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.However,hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn’tbeadoctor.HethenwenttoCambridgeUniversityanddiscoveredthathehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals.Luckily,oneofDarwin’suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature.TheBeagleIn1831,CharlesDarwinleftPlymouthonTheBeagle,ashipthattookhimaroundtheworldforfiveyears.Whilehewastravelling,hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited.DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadamonancestor(祖先).DownhouseAthomeatDownHouse,aplacethatyoucanstillvisittoday,Darwinwrotemanyarticlesandbooksabouthistravels,buthedidn’twanttomakeanythingabouthistheoryknowntothepublic.Heworkedinhisstudy,wherehewrote250,000wordsabouthistheoryofevolution(進(jìn)化論),buthewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans.Hethoughtthepublicwouldbeagainstitandwassofrightenedthathebecameillwithworry.However,whenanotherscientiststartedtowriteaboutsimilarideas,Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.MostscientistsacceptedDarwin’stheoryandpeoplecontinuetostudyittoday.On12thFebruary,thedayhewasborn,DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld.1.WhatcausedDarwintogiveuphisstudyofmedicine?A.Hedidn’tlikeseeingblood. B.Hefoundthestudiestoodifficult.C.Hewaspushedtogiveupbyhisfamily. D.Hewasadvisedtostudynaturalscience.2.WhywasthetriponTheBeagleimportanttoDarwin?A.Ithelpedhimtofinishhisstudyattheuniversity.B.Itallowedhimtochangehismindabouthisfuture.C.Itgavehimideasaboutthebeginningsofhumanlife.D.Itgothimtopletehismostfamousbookontheship.3.InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninDarwin’slife?a.HearrivedbackinBritainin1836.b.Hethoughtthepublicwouldnotsupporthisideas.c.Hebecameinterestedinstudyingthenaturalworld.d.Heprintedhisfamousbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.e.Hereceivedhelptogetaplaceonatriparoundtheworld.f.Hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsontheislandshevisited.A.e→f→c→a→b→d B.c→e→f→a→b→d C.e→f→a→c→d→b D.c→e→f→d→a→b4.Whydidthewriterincludethelastparagraph?ATointroduceDarwin’sfamousbook.B.TotellhowpeoplecelebrateDarwinDay.C.ToexplainwhypeopleacceptDarwin’sideas.D.ToshowDarwin’sinfluenceonnaturalscience.【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D【解析】本文講述達(dá)爾文早期的學(xué)習(xí)和旅行經(jīng)歷，講述達(dá)爾文研究自然世界，并完成《物種起源》的經(jīng)歷。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn’tbeadoctor”可知，達(dá)爾文討厭看到血，所以放棄了學(xué)醫(yī)。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadamonancestor”可知，達(dá)爾文在“小獵戶號(hào)”船上的旅行，讓他開始創(chuàng)造他有名的理論，他認(rèn)為所有的生物都有一個(gè)共同的祖先。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“hehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals”可知，他對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)自然世界感興趣。根據(jù)“oneofDarwin’suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature”可知，他得到幫助可以去環(huán)球航行。根據(jù)“hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited”可知，他在島上研究植物和動(dòng)物。根據(jù)“WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain”可知，他回到英國(guó)。根據(jù)“hewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans”可知，他認(rèn)為大眾不會(huì)支持他的想法。根據(jù)“Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies”可知，他出版了他的書《物種起源》。正確的順序是c→e→f→a→b→d。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld”可知，達(dá)爾文日是為了鼓勵(lì)更多的人研究自然科學(xué)?？赏茢嘧詈笠欢问菫榱苏故具_(dá)爾文在自然科學(xué)上的影響。故選D。F（2022年湖北黃岡中考題）OnlineclassesinspacegotlotsofattentionamongChinesestudents.The“classroom”inspacestationisabout400kilometersawayfromtheearth.Thespaceclassesmaketheyoungbeproudofourcountry.As