2023-2024學年北京市西城區(qū)高一下學期期末英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市西城區(qū)2023-2024學年高一下學期期末英語試題第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.聽力理解（略）Ⅱ.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。It’sagiftmorethan50yearsinthemaking.In1972,BarbaraRieco____1____aheartfeltchildren’sbook.Itwasbasedonatruestory—alittleboyshehadmetwhileshewasateenagerlivinginAppalachiabriefly.ItwasBarbara’sfirstencounterwithpoverty(貧困).Shecamefromamiddle-classfamily.Shegottoseeanothersideoflifethatshe’dheardof,butneverseen.It____2____herandhadalastinginfluenceonherlife.____3____herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,leadinghertoeventually____4____herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.Littledidsheknowthat,manyyearslater,hergrandsonwouldturnthosedreamsintoreality.ChadCooper,adesignandproductionprofessionalbasedinNewYorkCity,decidedtogivehisgrandmothertheperfectChristmasgift—the____5____ofhertreasuredbook.Visitingherfortheholidays,he____6____tookheroriginalmanuscript,alongwiththeillustrationsshehadanartistdrawyearsago,andturnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook.OnChristmasmorning,asBarbara____7____thecarefullywrappedgift,shewasovercomewithemotion.Themoment,____8____byChad,quicklybecamepopularwithviewers,andthevideowentviralonline.“Thisisprobablythenicestthinganyone’severdoneformeinmyentirelife,”Barbarasaysinthevideo.Chad’s____9____actdidn’tjustendwiththesurprise.Healsoincludeda(n)_____10_____tothebookonAmazon,makingitaccessibletothepublic.The_____11_____wasnothingshortofamiracle(奇跡)—withindays,Barbara’s_____12_____bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist.Astheworld_____13_____thisunexpectedChristmasmiracle,BarbaraRieco’sbook,now_____14_____byanewgenerationofreaders,continuestospreadjoyandinspiration,provingthatsometimesthemostextraordinary_____15_____aretheonesweneverknewweneeded.1.A.edited B.adapted C.penned D.translated2.A.worried B.touched C.supported D.challenged3.A.Despite B.Through C.Without D.For4.A.takeon B.liveupto C.holdonto D.setaside5.A.promotion B.revision C.publication D.recommendation6.A.curiously B.secretly C.calmly D.shyly7.A.bought B.held C.opened D.showed8.A.photographed B.filmed C.written D.described9.A.respectful B.faithful C.thankful D.thoughtful10.A.link B.introduction C.approach D.guide11.A.comment B.impression C.response D.prediction12.A.once-forgotten B.badly-needed C.well-known D.fully-prepared13.A.accepts B.presents C.ignores D.celebrates14.A.sold B.donated C.rated D.loved15.A.videos B.gifts C.belongings D.materials〖答案〗1.C2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B7.C8.B9.D10.A11.C12.A13.D14.D15.B【語篇解讀】本文為一篇記敘文。文章講述了孫子幫助祖母實現長期未實現的成為出版社作家的夢想?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：1972年，芭芭拉·里科寫了一本感人的兒童讀物。A.edited編輯；B.adapted改編；C.penned寫；D.translated翻譯。根據下文“themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers”手稿遭到出版社多次拒絕，可知此處是寫了一本書。故選C?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這打動了她，并對她的生活產生了持久的影響。A.worried擔心；B.touched感動；C.supported支持；D.challenged挑戰(zhàn)。根據上文“Shegottoseeanothersideoflifethatshe’dheardof,butneverseen.”以及“hadalastinginfluenceonherlife”可知，她從書中看到了她聽說過但從未見過的生活的另一面，所以是感動了她。故選B?！?題詳析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管她盡了最大的努力，但手稿還是遭到了出版商的多次拒絕，最終導致她放棄了成為一名出版作家的夢想。A.Despite雖然，盡管；B.Through通過；C.Without沒有；D.For為了。根據后文“themanuscriptfacedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers”可知，雖然她盡了最大的努力，她的手稿被出版社拒絕了。故選A?！?題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：盡管她盡了最大的努力，但手稿還是遭到了出版商的多次拒絕，最終導致她放棄了成為一名出版作家的夢想。A.takeon開始承擔；B.liveupto達到，實現；C.holdonto堅持；D.setaside把……放置一旁。根據上文“________herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,”可知，雖然她盡了最大努力，最終遭到出版社的拒絕，所以此處指的是她把成為一名出版社作家的夢想放置一邊。故選D。【5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：查德·庫珀是紐約市的一名設計和制作專業(yè)人士，他決定給他的祖母一份完美的圣誕禮物——出版她珍貴的書。A.promotion提升；B.revision復習，修改；C.publication出版；D.recommendation推薦。根據上文“herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.”以及“turnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook”可知，他的祖母最終放棄了成為一名出版社作家的夢想，此處指的是他把她的珍貴的書出版。故選C。【6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：假期去看望她時，他偷偷拿走了她的原稿，還有她幾年前請一位藝術家畫的插圖，把它們變成了一本印刷精美的書。A.curiously好奇地；B.secretly秘密地；C.calmly鎮(zhèn)靜地；D.shyly害羞地。根據下文“Chad’s________actdidn’tjustendwiththesurprise.”可知，他給奶奶帶來的不僅僅是驚喜，所以這里指的是秘密地拿走了她的原稿。故選B?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：圣誕節(jié)的早晨，當芭芭拉打開精心包裝的禮物時，她激動不已。A.bought賣；B.held舉行；C.opened打開；D.showed展示。根據空格后“thecarefullywrappedgift”可知，此處是打開精心包裝的禮物。故選C?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：查德拍攝的這一時刻迅速受到觀眾的歡迎，視頻在網上瘋傳。A.photographed拍照；B.filmed拍攝；C.written寫；D.described描述。根據后文“andthevideowentviralonline.”視頻在網上瘋傳，可知，查德拍下了這一時刻。故選B?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：查德的體貼舉動不僅以驚喜結束。A.respectful尊敬的；B.faithful真誠的；C.thankful感激的；D.thoughtful考慮周到的，體貼的。根據上文“Visitingherfortheholidays,he________tookheroriginalmanuscript,alongwiththeillustrationsshehadanartistdrawyearsago,andturnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook.”他偷偷地把奶奶的書出版，可知此處指的體貼的舉動。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他還在亞馬遜上提供了這本書的鏈接，讓公眾可以閱讀。A.link鏈接；B.introduction介紹；C.approach方法；D.guide指導。根據空格后“thebookonAmazon”以及“makingitaccessibletothepublic”使得公眾可以閱讀，可知，此處指的是把書的鏈接放在亞馬遜上。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們的反應簡直是一個奇跡——幾天之內，芭芭拉這本曾經被遺忘的書就躥到了暢銷書排行榜的首位。A.comment評論；B.impression印象；C.response回應，反應；D.prediction預測。根據后文“Barbara’s________bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist”可知，她的書達到了暢銷書排行榜的首位，所以是人們的反應。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：人們的反應簡直是一個奇跡——幾天之內，芭芭拉這本曾經被遺忘的書就躥到了暢銷書排行榜的首位。A.once-forgotten曾經被遺忘的；B.badly-needed急需的；C.well-known著名的；D.fully-prepared充分準備的。根據前文“________herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,leadinghertoeventually________herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.”可知，他奶奶的書曾經被出版社拒絕，奶奶放棄了成為出版社作家的夢想，所以這里指的是曾經被遺忘的書。故選A。【13題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當全世界都在慶祝這個意想不到的圣誕奇跡時，芭芭拉·里科的書，現在受到新一代讀者的喜愛，繼續(xù)傳播歡樂和靈感，證明有時最不尋常的禮物是我們從不知道我們需要的。A.accepts接受；B.presents展示；C.ignores忽視；D.celebrates慶祝。根據空后“thisunexpectedChristmasmiracle”可知，此處指的是慶祝圣誕節(jié)的這一奇跡。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當全世界都在慶祝這個意想不到的圣誕奇跡時，芭芭拉·里科的書，現在受到新一代讀者的喜愛，繼續(xù)傳播歡樂和靈感，證明有時最不尋常的禮物是我們從不知道我們需要的。A.sold出售；B.donated捐贈；C.rated評估；D.loved喜愛。根據前文“Barbara’s________bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist”以及空后“continuestospreadjoyandinspiration”可知，芭芭拉的書位暢銷書榜首，繼續(xù)傳播歡樂和靈感，故此處這是她的書受到新一代讀者的喜愛。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當全世界都在慶祝這個意想不到的圣誕奇跡時，芭芭拉·里科的書，現在受到新一代讀者的喜愛，繼續(xù)傳播歡樂和靈感，證明有時最不尋常的禮物是我們從不知道我們需要的。A.videos視頻；B.gifts禮物；C.belongings所有物；D.materials材料。根據第四段中“decidedtogivehisgrandmothertheperfectChristmasgift”可知，此處指的是最不尋常的禮物。故選B。閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFourBestCityWalksintheUSWisdomTreeHikeinLosAngelesThisisprobablythemostpopularcitywalkinLA—ajourneytotheonlytreetosurvivethe2007Barhamfire.TheWisdomTreeisatthetopofBurbankPeak,whichgivesyougreatviewsalloverLosAngeles.Thewalk:HeadupWonderViewDrivefromLakeHollywoodDrive,andyouwillreachagateattheendofthepavedarea.Afteryoupassthrough,you’llgettoawide-openareaandthetrailtotheWisdomTreeistoyourright.SoHo/TriBeCaWalkingTourinNewYorkCityHeadingdowntoSoHoandTriBeCawillgiveyouthefeelingofbeinginanothercitywithinNYC.Thesmallsidestreetshideinterestingbuildingsanduniqueshops,aswellashistoricspots.Thewalk:HeadsouthfromtheBroadway-LafayetteStreetsubwaystation,andgetlostamongtheartgalleries,withafirstsweetstopattheMuseumofIceCream.Next,explorethePrinceStreetshops,thenheadeasttoGreeneStreet.Here,youcanfindsomeofthefinestexamplesofcast-ironarchitectureinthecity.TheBoardwalkTrailinAustinInAustin,you’llbecharmedbyart.TheBoardwalkTrailaimstobuilda7,250-footwalkwayfilledwithworksofartandfantasticviewsofthecity.Don’tmissthe36bronzebeltsdesignedbyartistKenLittle,withcountrymusicsonglyricswrittenoneach.Thewalk:YoucanaccesstheBoardwalkTrailfromseveralpoints.Thefulltrailis10mileslong,whereyoucanenjoythepeacefulwatersideviewsandtheskylineofAustinatsunset.ArtWalkinDenverDenverisagreatdestinationinitself,withlotsofculturalattractions,livemusicandexcellentrestaurants.Thecity’sArtDistrictonSantaFe(ADSF)hasadelightful2.7-milepaththatleadsyoutoartgalleriesandexcellentfoodanddrinkstops.Thewalk:FromthecharmingVictorianhousewhereyoucanadmiretheviolinsandguitarshandcraftedbyartists,makeyourwaynorthtotheSunkenGardens,thenthestreetsbusywithartgalleriesandshops.EveryfirstFridayofthemonth,theADSFputsonanorganizedArtWalkonSantaFeDrive.Artlovershaveanopportunitytoconnectandsharetheexperienceofimmersing(使沉浸)themselvesinDenver’sartscene.16.Whichcitywalkcanofferabird’seyeviewofacity?A.ArtWalkinDenver.B.TheBoardwalkTrailinAustin.C.WisdomTreeHikeinLosAngeles.D.SoHo/TriBeCaWalkingTourinNewYorkCity.17.WhatdothecitywalksinAustinandDenverhaveincommon?A.Visitorscanenjoylivemusic.B.Visitorscanappreciateartworks.C.Visitorscanenjoypeacefulwatersideviews.D.Visitorscanappreciatehand-mademusicalinstruments.18.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Atouristbrochure. B.Anartreview.C.Anenvironmentaljournal. D.Ageographytextbook.〖答案〗16.C17.B18.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文，文章主要講的是美國最好的四個城市步道?！?6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章WisdomTreeHikeinLosAngeles部分“TheWisdomTreeisatthetopofBurbankPeak,whichgivesyougreatviewsalloverLosAngeles.(WisdomTree位于伯班克山頂，在那里你可以看到整個洛杉磯的美景。)”可知，洛杉磯的WisdomTreeHike可以看到一個城市的全景。故選C項?！?7題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章TheBoardwalkTrailinAustin部分的“InAustin,you’llbecharmedbyart.(在奧斯汀，你會被藝術所吸引。)”以及ArtWalkinDenver部分的“Denverisagreatdestinationinitself,withlotsofculturalattractions,livemusicandexcellentrestaurants.Thecity’sArtDistrictonSantaFe(ADSF)hasadelightful2.7-milepaththatleadsyoutoartgalleriesandexcellentfoodanddrinkstops.(丹佛本身就是一個偉大的目的地，有許多文化景點，現場音樂和一流的餐館。這座城市的圣達菲藝術區(qū)(ADSF)有一條令人愉快的2.7英里小路，可以通往藝術畫廊和美味的美食和飲料站。)”可知，AustinandDenver的共同之處在于在這兩個地方的游客可以欣賞藝術作品。故選B項?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章標題“FourBestCityWalksintheUS(美國最好的四個城市步道)”以及全文內容可知文章主要介紹了美國最好的四個城市步道，所以最有可能出自旅游手冊。故選A項。BThefirsttimeTerryattendedameetingoftheTahquamenonSportsmen’sClub,theymadehimvicepresident—andhewasn’tevenamember.Byhissecondvisit,thefewmembersleftinthedyingorganizationhadputhiminchargeofthewholething.Theclubbeganinthe1920s.Backthen,huntingandfishingwerepastimesinruralareas.Theculture,however,isdifferentnow.WhenTerrytookoverthecentury-oldclub,itwasonitslastlegs.Onlyacoupledozenmembersremained,andmostwereolderthanitsnew68-year-oldpresident.Theywerenolongerdoingthethingsthey’dbeenknownfor.Worstofall,theirfamousfishingtacklepartyhadbeencanceledtwice,oncejustbecausetheysimplydidn’thaveenoughmemberstopullitoff.Hewantedtopushhardtokeeptheorganizationgoing,becauseitisoneofthethingsthatmakeuptheheartandsoulofNewberry.Hehadtolookfornewmembers.Heneededtobroadentheclub’sofferingstoattractyoungerpeople.Morethananythingelse,hehadtomakesurethetacklepartyforkidstookplaceonceagain.Littlebylittle,Terry’seffortsworked.Peoplebeganaskingaboutmemberships.Somesentcontributions.Othersofferedtheirtime.Alocalcompanydonatednewsidingfortheclubhouse.Someoneelsesaidtheywouldputanewroofonit.Someonecameandmowedthelawn(草坪)whenitgotlonginthesummer.Othersclearedthesnowinthewinter.Allovertown,peopleandbusinessespromisedtohelptheclubsurviveandsucceed.OnthedayoftheannualKidsTackleParty,hundredsofkidsandtheirfamiliesappeared.Terrystartedtheeventwithaspeech.Alocalfishingexpertgavetipsonhowtocatchfish.Then,oneatatime,eachofthe245kidswascalledbyname,andeveryoneofthemgotafishingpoleandatacklebox.Ittookmorethanthreehourstogetthrougheveryonewhoshowedup.Itwasabigevent,onethatcameclosetodying,butwasfinallyback.Terryfoughttokeeptheclubandpartyforkids,alongtimetraditionintheNewberrycommunity,going.Traditionsaredyingthesedays,buthewasabletogetpeopletoholdontothisone.19.WhenTerrytookovertheclub,________.A.hewastheyoungestmember B.huntingwasapopularpastimeC.thecultureoftheclubremained D.theclubwasstrugglingtosurvive20.Tokeeptheorganizationgoing,whatdidTerryputatthetopofhisto-dolist?A.Broadeningpeople’smindsinNewberry.B.Searchingforhelpfromhisneighborhood.C.Ensuringthereturnofthetacklepartyforkids.D.Offeringappealingactivitiestoattractnewmembers.21.Whatdidthetownspeopledotohelptheclub?A.Theygrewgrass. B.Theyremovedthesnow.C.Theydonatedfishingpoles. D.Theyfixedtheclubhouseroof.22.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Interestdoesnotlie. B.Thediscoveryoftraditionmatters.C.Sometimeshardworkdoesn’tpayoff. D.Aheroshowsupduringchallengingtimes.〖答案〗19.D20.C21.B22.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講的是Terry接管了一個瀕臨滅亡的俱樂部，經過努力讓它重新恢復生機的故事?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Byhissecondvisit,thefewmembersleftinthedyingorganizationhadputhiminchargeofthewholething.(到他第二次去的時候，這個垂死的組織里剩下的幾個成員已經讓他掌管了整個組織。)”以及文章第二段“WhenTerrytookoverthecentury-oldclub,itwasonitslastlegs.(Terry接手這家百年俱樂部時，它已奄奄一息。)”可知，當Terry接管俱樂部時，俱樂部正在為生存而掙扎。故選D項。【20題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段“Morethananythingelse,hehadtomakesurethetacklepartyforkidstookplaceonceagain.(最重要的是，他必須確保孩子們的釣魚派對再次舉行。)”可知，為了保證俱樂部的運轉，Terry把確保孩子們的釣魚派對的回歸放在了他待辦事項清單的首位。故選C項。【21題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段“Someonecameandmowedthelawn(草坪)whenitgotlonginthesummer.Othersclearedthesnowinthewinter.(當草在夏天變長時有人來修剪草坪，其他人則在冬天清理積雪。)”可知，為了幫助俱樂部，鎮(zhèn)上的人幫助俱樂部清除積雪。故選B項?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Terryfoughttokeeptheclubandpartyforkids,alongtimetraditionintheNewberrycommunity,going.Traditionsaredyingthesedays,buthewasabletogetpeopletoholdontothisone.(Terry努力讓俱樂部和孩子們的聚會繼續(xù)下去，這是紐伯里社區(qū)的一個長期傳統(tǒng)。如今，傳統(tǒng)正在消亡，但他能讓人們堅持下去。)”以及文章其他段落的內容可知，文章主要講的是Terry拯救了瀕臨滅亡的釣魚派對，所以從故事中我們可以得出，英雄總是出現在挑戰(zhàn)性的時期。故選D項。CInthe1970s,agorilla(大猩猩)knownasKokobecameworld-famouswhenscientiststaughthertousehumansignlanguagetocommunicatewithpeople.Therewerenumerousattemptsinthemid-1900stoteachhumanlanguagetononhumans,suchasKoko.Butwhatweshouldhavebeenthinkingaboutwastheirabilitiestoengageincomplexcommunicationontheirowntermsinsteadoftryingtoteachananimaltotalktousinhumanlanguage.Todayscientistsaretryingtofigureouthowlivingthingsalreadyshareinformationusingtheirparticularmethods.Thisnewfieldofstudyisknownasdigitalbioacoustics,anditinvolvesusingtoolstounderstandtheproductionofsoundsandtheireffectsonlivingthings.Scientistsinthisfieldareusingsensors,whicharedevicesthatpickupandrecordinformationonphysicalorchemicalconditions.Somearealsousingartificialintelligence(AI)technology,anapproachthatusesalgorithms(算法).ThesamealgorithmsthatweuseintoolssuchasGoogleTranslatetotranslatedocumentscanalsobeusedtofindpatternsinnonhumancommunication.JeremyofTelAvivUniversitystudiednearlytwodozenEgyptianfruitbatsfortwoandahalfmonthsandrecordedtheirvocalizations.Histeamadaptedavoice-recognitionprogramtostudy15,000ofthesounds.Thealgorithmmatchedspecificsoundswithspecificthingsthebatsweredoing.Usingthisprogram,theresearcherswereabletoclassifymostofthebats’sounds.Jeremyandotherresearchershavefoundthatbatshaveamuchmorecomplexlanguagethanwepreviouslyunderstood.Batsargueoverfood;theydistinguish(區(qū)分)betweengenderswhentheycommunicatewithoneanotherandtheyhaveindividualnames,or“signaturecalls”.That’sagreatexampleofhowAIisabletofindthesepatternsfrominformationgatheredbysensorsandmicrophones.AIrevealsthingsthatwecan’thearwithourhumanearsalonebecausemostbatcommunicationhappensaboveourhearingrange,andbecausebatsspeakmuchfasterthanwedo,wehavetoslowitdowntolistentoit.Sowecannotlistenlikeabat,butourcomputerscan.Andourcomputerscanalsospeakbacktothebatbyproducingspecificpatterns.Digitalbioacousticsislikeanamazinghearingaid.Itletsuslistentoanimalswithbothourdigitallyenhanced(增強的)earsandourimagination.Thisisslowlyopeningourmindsnotonlytothewonderfulsoundsthatnonhumansmake,buttoafundamentalsetofquestionsabouttheso-calleddividebetweenhumansandnonhumans,aswellasourconnectiontootherspecies.It’salsoopeningupnewwaystothinkaboutprotectinglivingthingsandourrelationshipwiththeplanet.It’sprettymeaningful.23.Regardingscientists’effortstoteachanimalshumanlanguage,theauthorfeels________.A.negative B.unconcerned C.uncertain D.supportive24.Scientistsindigitalbioacousticsaretryingtostudy________.A.howanimalsusedifferenttoolstoshareinformationB.howanimalsareaffectedbytheproductionofsoundsC.howanimalsaretaughttotalkinhumansignlanguageD.howanimalscommunicatewithoneanotherusingsounds25.WhatcanwelearnaboutAIappliedindigitalbioacoustics?A.Itpairscertainanimals’soundswiththeirbehaviors.B.Itslowsdownanimals’soundswithinhumans’hearingrange.C.Itadaptsvoice-recognitionprogramstoanalyzeanimals’sounds.D.Ittranslatesspecificnonhumansoundpatternsintohumanlanguage.26.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A.animalscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheirsoundpatternsB.scientistsneedtokeepstudyinghowanimalsproducesoundsC.digitalbioacousticsmayinspirehumanstorethinktheirrelationshipwithanimalsD.thefocusofdigitalbioacousticsshouldbethedividebetweenhumansandnonhumans〖答案〗23.A24.D25.A26.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講的是科學家們正試圖弄清楚生物是如何用它們獨特的方法共享信息的。這個新的研究領域被稱為數字生物聲學，它不僅讓我們聽到了非人類發(fā)出的美妙聲音，而且讓我們看到了一系列關于所謂的人類和非人類之間的鴻溝的基本問題，以及我們與其他物種的聯系?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Butwhatweshouldhavebeenthinkingaboutwastheirabilitiestoengageincomplexcommunicationontheirowntermsinsteadoftryingtoteachananimaltotalktousinhumanlanguage.(但我們應該考慮的是它們用自己的方式進行復雜交流的能力，而不是試圖教會動物用人類的語言與我們交談。)”可知作者認為我們應該考慮讓動物用它們自己的方式進行復雜交流，而不是試圖教會動物用人類的語言與我們交談，所以作者對于科學家教動物人類語言的努力的態(tài)度是消極的。故選A項?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“Todayscientistsaretryingtofigureouthowlivingthingsalreadyshareinformationusingtheirparticularmethods..(今天，科學家們正試圖弄清楚生物是如何用它們獨特的方法共享信息的。)”可知數字生物聲學的科學家們正試圖研究動物是如何利用它們獨特的方法即聲音相互交流的。故選D項。【25題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“Thealgorithmmatchedspecificsoundswithspecificthingsthebatsweredoing.Usingthisprogram,theresearcherswereabletoclassifymostofthebats’sounds.(該算法將特定的聲音與蝙蝠正在做的特定事情相匹配。利用這個程序，研究人員能夠對大多數蝙蝠的聲音進行分類。)”可知應用于數字生物聲學的人工智能將某些動物的聲音與它們的行為配對。故選A項?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“It’salsoopeningupnewwaystothinkaboutprotectinglivingthingsandourrelationshipwiththeplanet.It’sprettymeaningful.(它也開辟了新的方式來思考保護生物和我們與地球的關系。這很有意義。)”可知作者認為數字生物聲學可能會激發(fā)人類重新思考他們與動物的關系。故選C項。DMostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.Andwhenwedotrytothinkbacktoourearliestmemories,it’softenunclearwhethertheyaretherealthingorjustrecollectionsbasedonphotosorstoriestoldtousbyothers.Thephenomenon(現象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.Atfirstglance,itmayseemthatthereasonwedon’trememberbeingbabiesisthatbabiesdon’thaveafullydevelopedmemory.Butbabiesasyoungassixmonthscanformbothshort-termmemoriesthatlastforminutesandlong-termmemoriesthatlastweeks.Inonestudy,six-month-oldswholearnedhowtopressabuttontooperateatoytrainrememberedhowtoperformthisactionfortwotothreeweeksaftertheyhadlastseenthetoy.Preschoolerscanremembereventsthatgoyearsback.Ofcourse,memorycapabilitiesattheseagesarenotadult-like.Infact,developmentalchangesinbasicmemoryprocesseshavebeenputforwardasanexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.Thesebasicprocessesinvolveseveralbrainregionsandincludeforming,maintainingandthenlaterretrieving(檢索)thememory.Forexample,thehippocampus,thoughttoberesponsibleforformingmemories,continuesdevelopinguntiltheageofseven.Thetypicalboundaryfortheoffsetofchildhoodamnesia—threeandahalfyears—changeswithage.Childrenandteenagershaveearliermemoriesthanadultsdo.Thissuggeststhattheproblemmaybelesswithformingmemoriesthanwithmaintainingthem.Butthisdoesnotseemtobethewholestory;languagealsoplaysarole.Fromtheagesofonetosix,childrenprogressfromtheone-wordstageofspeakingtobecomingfluentintheirnativelanguage(s),sotherearemajorchangesintheirverbal(言語的)abilitythatoverlapwiththechildhoodamnesiaperiod.Thisincludesusingthepasttense,andmemory-relatedwordssuchas“remember”and“forget”.It’struetosomeextentthatachild’sabilitytoverbalizeaboutaneventatthetimethatithappenedpredictshowwelltheyrememberitmonthsoryearslater.Onelabgroupconductedthisworkbyinterviewingyoungchildrenbroughttoaccidentandemergencydepartmentsforcommonchildhoodinjuries.Thoseover26months,whocouldverbalizeabouttheeventatthetime,recalled(回憶起)ituptofiveyearslater,whilethoseunder26months,whocouldnottalkaboutit,recalledlittleornothing.Evenifwecan’tclearlyrememberspecificeventsfromwhenwewereveryyoung,theiraccumulation,however,leaveslastingtracksthatinfluenceourbehavior.Thefirstfewyearsoflifeareforgettableandyetpowerfulinshapingtheadultsthatwebecome.27.Accordingtothepassage,childhoodamnesiarefersto________.A.inabilitytorecallearlychildhoodexperiences B.difficultychildrenhaveformingmemoriesC.concernaboutthetruthofearlymemories D.lossofmemoryabilitiesinthechildhood28.Whatdothewords“overlapwith”underlinedinParagraph4probablymean?A.Havealotincommonwith. B.Happenatthesametimeas.C.Playanimportantrolein. D.Arecloselyrelatedto.29.WhatmaytheresultsoftheinterviewmentionedinParagraph5suggest?A.Childrenstarttoformlong-termmemoriesat26months.B.Children’sabilitytorecallspecificeventsincreaseswithage.C.Preverbalmemoriesmaybelostiftheyarenottranslatedintolanguage.D.Injuriesprobablyinfluencehowwellchildrenverbalizeaboutevents.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Childhoodamnesia:HowmemoryworksinkidsB.Thebrainandmemory:HowmemoriesareformedC.Verbalability:WhyitmattersinthememoryprocessD.Theforgottenchildhood:Whyearlymemoriesdisappear〖答案〗27.A28.B29.C30.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“童年失憶癥”這一現象，分析了背后的原因以及相關研究?！?7題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Mostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.Andwhenwedotrytothinkbacktoourearliestmemories,it’softenunclearwhethertheyaretherealthingorjustrecollectionsbasedonphotosorstoriestoldtousbyothers.Thephenomenon(現象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.(我們大多數人對生命的前三到四歲沒有任何記憶。當我們試圖回想起我們最早的記憶時，往往不清楚它們是真實的，還是僅僅是基于照片或別人告訴我們的故事的回憶。這種現象被稱為“童年失憶癥”，一個多世紀以來一直困擾著心理學家，我們仍然沒有完全理解它)”可知，童年健忘癥是指無法回憶起童年早期的經歷。故選A?！?8題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據第一段“Mostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.(我們大多數人對生命的前三到四歲沒有任何記憶)”以及劃線詞上文“Fromtheagesofonetosix,childrenprogressfromtheone-wordstageofspeakingtobecomingfluentintheirnativelanguage(s),sotherearemajorchangesintheirverbal(言語的)abilitythat”可知，大多數人對生命的前三到四歲沒有任何記憶，這時因為從1歲到6歲，孩子們從一個單詞的說話階段發(fā)展到流利地說母語，所以他們的語言能力發(fā)生了重大變化，與兒童失憶癥時期同時發(fā)生。故劃線詞意思是“與……同時發(fā)生”。故選B?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段“Thoseover26months,whocouldverbalizeabouttheeventatthetime,recalled(回憶起)ituptofiveyearslater,whilethoseunder26months,whocouldnottalkaboutit,recalledlittleornothing.(超過26個月的嬰兒當時可以用語言描述這件事，五年后他們還能回憶起這件事，而26個月以下的嬰兒不能談論這件事，幾乎什么也記不起來)”可知，訪談結果可能表明如果不將言語前的記憶翻譯成語言，可能會丟失。故選C?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Thephenomenon(現象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.(這種現象被稱為“童年失憶癥”，一個多世紀以來一直困擾著心理學家，我們仍然沒有完全理解它)”結合文章主要介紹了“童年失憶癥”這一現象，分析了背后的原因以及相關研究。可知，D選項“被遺忘的童年：為什么早期記憶會消失”最符合文章標題。故選D。第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.選詞填空（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）用方框中單詞的適當形式完成下列句子，每個單詞只能用一次。observeharmlikelyindependencesurvivorpromisenormal31.Theworkersarebuildingsheltersforthousandsofearthquake_____________.32._____________,ittakesthreeorfouryearstocompletetheoperacourse.33.Hewasvotedthemost_____________newactorforhisremarkableperformanceinthemovie.34.Althoughhesometimesspeaksverydirectly,hisintentionsare_____________—hejustwantstohelpothers.35.A(n)_____________organizationisonethatcontrolsitsownoperation.36.Thetwosidesare_____________toreachanagreement,becauseneitherofthemiswillingtogivein.37.The_____________oftheuniversemakesusrealizehowsmallandinsignificantweare.〖答案〗31.survivors32.Normally33.promising34.harmless35.independent36.unlikely37.observation【31題詳析】考查名詞。句意：工人們正在為成千上萬的地震幸存者建造避難所。根據空格前“建造避難所”可知，此處指的是地震幸存者，survivor意為“幸存者”；空格前有“thousandsof”所以要用復數。故填survivors?！?2題詳析】考查副詞。句意：通常，完成歌劇課程需要三到四年的時間。空格處位于句子的開頭，修飾后面的句子，所以需要填入副詞；空格后“完成歌劇課程需要三到四年的時間”為一個通常的情況；normally為normal的副詞，意為“通?！?。故填Normally?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：由于他在電影中的出色表現，他被選為最有前途的新演員?？崭裉幬挥诿~之前，修飾名詞，因此需要填入形容詞；根據空格后“他在電影中的出色表現”可知，此處說明他是有前途的演員；promising意為“有前途的”，為promise的形容詞。故填promising?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：雖然他有時說話很直接，但他的意圖是無害的——他只是想幫助別人?？崭裉幬挥赽e動詞之后，因此需要填入形容詞；根據空格后“他只是想幫助別人”可知，他的意圖是好的，沒有壞處的；harmless意為“無害的”為harm的形容詞。故填harmless?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：獨立組織是指控制自身運作的組織?？崭裉幬挥诿~之前，修飾名詞，所以需要填入形容詞；根據空格后的“控制自身運作的組織”可知，此處指的是獨立的組織；independent意為“獨立的”，為independence的形容詞。故填independent。【36題詳析】考查副詞。句意：雙方不太可能達成協議，因為雙方都不愿讓步。空格處位于動詞之前，修飾動詞，因此需要填入副詞；根據后文“因為雙方都不愿讓步”，可知，此處指的是不可能達成協議。unlikely意為“不可能地”，為likely的反義詞。故填unlikely?！?7題詳析】考查名詞。句意：對宇宙的觀察讓我們意識到我們是多么的渺小和微不足道?？崭裉帪榫渥拥闹髡Z且位于冠詞之后，所以需要填入名詞；根據空格后“讓我們意識到我們是多么的渺小和微不足道”以及“宇宙”可知，此處指的是“對宇宙的觀察”。observation意為“觀察”，為observe的名詞，此處特指對宇宙的觀察。故填observation。Ⅱ.語法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。38.Ilikebigparties_____________youcandance,havefunandmeetnewpeople.(用適當的詞填空)〖答案〗wh