2023-2024學(xué)年北京市西城區(qū)高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市西城區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.聽(tīng)力理解（略）Ⅱ.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。It’sagiftmorethan50yearsinthemaking.In1972,BarbaraRieco____1____aheartfeltchildren’sbook.Itwasbasedonatruestory—alittleboyshehadmetwhileshewasateenagerlivinginAppalachiabriefly.ItwasBarbara’sfirstencounterwithpoverty(貧困).Shecamefromamiddle-classfamily.Shegottoseeanothersideoflifethatshe’dheardof,butneverseen.It____2____herandhadalastinginfluenceonherlife.____3____herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,leadinghertoeventually____4____herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.Littledidsheknowthat,manyyearslater,hergrandsonwouldturnthosedreamsintoreality.ChadCooper,adesignandproductionprofessionalbasedinNewYorkCity,decidedtogivehisgrandmothertheperfectChristmasgift—the____5____ofhertreasuredbook.Visitingherfortheholidays,he____6____tookheroriginalmanuscript,alongwiththeillustrationsshehadanartistdrawyearsago,andturnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook.OnChristmasmorning,asBarbara____7____thecarefullywrappedgift,shewasovercomewithemotion.Themoment,____8____byChad,quicklybecamepopularwithviewers,andthevideowentviralonline.“Thisisprobablythenicestthinganyone’severdoneformeinmyentirelife,”Barbarasaysinthevideo.Chad’s____9____actdidn’tjustendwiththesurprise.Healsoincludeda(n)_____10_____tothebookonAmazon,makingitaccessibletothepublic.The_____11_____wasnothingshortofamiracle(奇跡)—withindays,Barbara’s_____12_____bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist.Astheworld_____13_____thisunexpectedChristmasmiracle,BarbaraRieco’sbook,now_____14_____byanewgenerationofreaders,continuestospreadjoyandinspiration,provingthatsometimesthemostextraordinary_____15_____aretheonesweneverknewweneeded.1.A.edited B.adapted C.penned D.translated2.A.worried B.touched C.supported D.challenged3.A.Despite B.Through C.Without D.For4.A.takeon B.liveupto C.holdonto D.setaside5.A.promotion B.revision C.publication D.recommendation6.A.curiously B.secretly C.calmly D.shyly7.A.bought B.held C.opened D.showed8.A.photographed B.filmed C.written D.described9.A.respectful B.faithful C.thankful D.thoughtful10.A.link B.introduction C.approach D.guide11.A.comment B.impression C.response D.prediction12.A.once-forgotten B.badly-needed C.well-known D.fully-prepared13.A.accepts B.presents C.ignores D.celebrates14.A.sold B.donated C.rated D.loved15.A.videos B.gifts C.belongings D.materials〖答案〗1.C2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B7.C8.B9.D10.A11.C12.A13.D14.D15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇記敘文。文章講述了孫子幫助祖母實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期未實(shí)現(xiàn)的成為出版社作家的夢(mèng)想?！?題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：1972年，芭芭拉·里科寫(xiě)了一本感人的兒童讀物。A.edited編輯；B.adapted改編；C.penned寫(xiě)；D.translated翻譯。根據(jù)下文“themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers”手稿遭到出版社多次拒絕，可知此處是寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)。故選C?！?題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這打動(dòng)了她，并對(duì)她的生活產(chǎn)生了持久的影響。A.worried擔(dān)心；B.touched感動(dòng)；C.supported支持；D.challenged挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)上文“Shegottoseeanothersideoflifethatshe’dheardof,butneverseen.”以及“hadalastinginfluenceonherlife”可知，她從書(shū)中看到了她聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)但從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的生活的另一面，所以是感動(dòng)了她。故選B。【3題詳析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管她盡了最大的努力，但手稿還是遭到了出版商的多次拒絕，最終導(dǎo)致她放棄了成為一名出版作家的夢(mèng)想。A.Despite雖然，盡管；B.Through通過(guò)；C.Without沒(méi)有；D.For為了。根據(jù)后文“themanuscriptfacedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers”可知，雖然她盡了最大的努力，她的手稿被出版社拒絕了。故選A?！?題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：盡管她盡了最大的努力，但手稿還是遭到了出版商的多次拒絕，最終導(dǎo)致她放棄了成為一名出版作家的夢(mèng)想。A.takeon開(kāi)始承擔(dān)；B.liveupto達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)；C.holdonto堅(jiān)持；D.setaside把……放置一旁。根據(jù)上文“________herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,”可知，雖然她盡了最大努力，最終遭到出版社的拒絕，所以此處指的是她把成為一名出版社作家的夢(mèng)想放置一邊。故選D。【5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：查德·庫(kù)珀是紐約市的一名設(shè)計(jì)和制作專(zhuān)業(yè)人士，他決定給他的祖母一份完美的圣誕禮物——出版她珍貴的書(shū)。A.promotion提升；B.revision復(fù)習(xí)，修改；C.publication出版；D.recommendation推薦。根據(jù)上文“herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.”以及“turnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook”可知，他的祖母最終放棄了成為一名出版社作家的夢(mèng)想，此處指的是他把她的珍貴的書(shū)出版。故選C。【6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：假期去看望她時(shí)，他偷偷拿走了她的原稿，還有她幾年前請(qǐng)一位藝術(shù)家畫(huà)的插圖，把它們變成了一本印刷精美的書(shū)。A.curiously好奇地；B.secretly秘密地；C.calmly鎮(zhèn)靜地；D.shyly害羞地。根據(jù)下文“Chad’s________actdidn’tjustendwiththesurprise.”可知，他給奶奶帶來(lái)的不僅僅是驚喜，所以這里指的是秘密地拿走了她的原稿。故選B。【7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：圣誕節(jié)的早晨，當(dāng)芭芭拉打開(kāi)精心包裝的禮物時(shí)，她激動(dòng)不已。A.bought賣(mài)；B.held舉行；C.opened打開(kāi)；D.showed展示。根據(jù)空格后“thecarefullywrappedgift”可知，此處是打開(kāi)精心包裝的禮物。故選C。【8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：查德拍攝的這一時(shí)刻迅速受到觀(guān)眾的歡迎，視頻在網(wǎng)上瘋傳。A.photographed拍照；B.filmed拍攝；C.written寫(xiě)；D.described描述。根據(jù)后文“andthevideowentviralonline.”視頻在網(wǎng)上瘋傳，可知，查德拍下了這一時(shí)刻。故選B?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：查德的體貼舉動(dòng)不僅以驚喜結(jié)束。A.respectful尊敬的；B.faithful真誠(chéng)的；C.thankful感激的；D.thoughtful考慮周到的，體貼的。根據(jù)上文“Visitingherfortheholidays,he________tookheroriginalmanuscript,alongwiththeillustrationsshehadanartistdrawyearsago,andturnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook.”他偷偷地把奶奶的書(shū)出版，可知此處指的體貼的舉動(dòng)。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他還在亞馬遜上提供了這本書(shū)的鏈接，讓公眾可以閱讀。A.link鏈接；B.introduction介紹；C.approach方法；D.guide指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)空格后“thebookonAmazon”以及“makingitaccessibletothepublic”使得公眾可以閱讀，可知，此處指的是把書(shū)的鏈接放在亞馬遜上。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們的反應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)直是一個(gè)奇跡——幾天之內(nèi)，芭芭拉這本曾經(jīng)被遺忘的書(shū)就躥到了暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)排行榜的首位。A.comment評(píng)論；B.impression印象；C.response回應(yīng)，反應(yīng)；D.prediction預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)后文“Barbara’s________bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist”可知，她的書(shū)達(dá)到了暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)排行榜的首位，所以是人們的反應(yīng)。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：人們的反應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)直是一個(gè)奇跡——幾天之內(nèi)，芭芭拉這本曾經(jīng)被遺忘的書(shū)就躥到了暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)排行榜的首位。A.once-forgotten曾經(jīng)被遺忘的；B.badly-needed急需的；C.well-known著名的；D.fully-prepared充分準(zhǔn)備的。根據(jù)前文“________herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,leadinghertoeventually________herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.”可知，他奶奶的書(shū)曾經(jīng)被出版社拒絕，奶奶放棄了成為出版社作家的夢(mèng)想，所以這里指的是曾經(jīng)被遺忘的書(shū)。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)全世界都在慶祝這個(gè)意想不到的圣誕奇跡時(shí)，芭芭拉·里科的書(shū)，現(xiàn)在受到新一代讀者的喜愛(ài)，繼續(xù)傳播歡樂(lè)和靈感，證明有時(shí)最不尋常的禮物是我們從不知道我們需要的。A.accepts接受；B.presents展示；C.ignores忽視；D.celebrates慶祝。根據(jù)空后“thisunexpectedChristmasmiracle”可知，此處指的是慶祝圣誕節(jié)的這一奇跡。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)全世界都在慶祝這個(gè)意想不到的圣誕奇跡時(shí)，芭芭拉·里科的書(shū)，現(xiàn)在受到新一代讀者的喜愛(ài)，繼續(xù)傳播歡樂(lè)和靈感，證明有時(shí)最不尋常的禮物是我們從不知道我們需要的。A.sold出售；B.donated捐贈(zèng)；C.rated評(píng)估；D.loved喜愛(ài)。根據(jù)前文“Barbara’s________bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist”以及空后“continuestospreadjoyandinspiration”可知，芭芭拉的書(shū)位暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)榜首，繼續(xù)傳播歡樂(lè)和靈感，故此處這是她的書(shū)受到新一代讀者的喜愛(ài)。故選D。【15題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)全世界都在慶祝這個(gè)意想不到的圣誕奇跡時(shí)，芭芭拉·里科的書(shū)，現(xiàn)在受到新一代讀者的喜愛(ài)，繼續(xù)傳播歡樂(lè)和靈感，證明有時(shí)最不尋常的禮物是我們從不知道我們需要的。A.videos視頻；B.gifts禮物；C.belongings所有物；D.materials材料。根據(jù)第四段中“decidedtogivehisgrandmothertheperfectChristmasgift”可知，此處指的是最不尋常的禮物。故選B。閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFourBestCityWalksintheUSWisdomTreeHikeinLosAngelesThisisprobablythemostpopularcitywalkinLA—ajourneytotheonlytreetosurvivethe2007Barhamfire.TheWisdomTreeisatthetopofBurbankPeak,whichgivesyougreatviewsalloverLosAngeles.Thewalk:HeadupWonderViewDrivefromLakeHollywoodDrive,andyouwillreachagateattheendofthepavedarea.Afteryoupassthrough,you’llgettoawide-openareaandthetrailtotheWisdomTreeistoyourright.SoHo/TriBeCaWalkingTourinNewYorkCityHeadingdowntoSoHoandTriBeCawillgiveyouthefeelingofbeinginanothercitywithinNYC.Thesmallsidestreetshideinterestingbuildingsanduniqueshops,aswellashistoricspots.Thewalk:HeadsouthfromtheBroadway-LafayetteStreetsubwaystation,andgetlostamongtheartgalleries,withafirstsweetstopattheMuseumofIceCream.Next,explorethePrinceStreetshops,thenheadeasttoGreeneStreet.Here,youcanfindsomeofthefinestexamplesofcast-ironarchitectureinthecity.TheBoardwalkTrailinAustinInAustin,you’llbecharmedbyart.TheBoardwalkTrailaimstobuilda7,250-footwalkwayfilledwithworksofartandfantasticviewsofthecity.Don’tmissthe36bronzebeltsdesignedbyartistKenLittle,withcountrymusicsonglyricswrittenoneach.Thewalk:YoucanaccesstheBoardwalkTrailfromseveralpoints.Thefulltrailis10mileslong,whereyoucanenjoythepeacefulwatersideviewsandtheskylineofAustinatsunset.ArtWalkinDenverDenverisagreatdestinationinitself,withlotsofculturalattractions,livemusicandexcellentrestaurants.Thecity’sArtDistrictonSantaFe(ADSF)hasadelightful2.7-milepaththatleadsyoutoartgalleriesandexcellentfoodanddrinkstops.Thewalk:FromthecharmingVictorianhousewhereyoucanadmiretheviolinsandguitarshandcraftedbyartists,makeyourwaynorthtotheSunkenGardens,thenthestreetsbusywithartgalleriesandshops.EveryfirstFridayofthemonth,theADSFputsonanorganizedArtWalkonSantaFeDrive.Artlovershaveanopportunitytoconnectandsharetheexperienceofimmersing(使沉浸)themselvesinDenver’sartscene.16.Whichcitywalkcanofferabird’seyeviewofacity?A.ArtWalkinDenver.B.TheBoardwalkTrailinAustin.C.WisdomTreeHikeinLosAngeles.D.SoHo/TriBeCaWalkingTourinNewYorkCity.17.WhatdothecitywalksinAustinandDenverhaveincommon?A.Visitorscanenjoylivemusic.B.Visitorscanappreciateartworks.C.Visitorscanenjoypeacefulwatersideviews.D.Visitorscanappreciatehand-mademusicalinstruments.18.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Atouristbrochure. B.Anartreview.C.Anenvironmentaljournal. D.Ageographytextbook.〖答案〗16.C17.B18.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要講的是美國(guó)最好的四個(gè)城市步道?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章WisdomTreeHikeinLosAngeles部分“TheWisdomTreeisatthetopofBurbankPeak,whichgivesyougreatviewsalloverLosAngeles.(WisdomTree位于伯班克山頂，在那里你可以看到整個(gè)洛杉磯的美景。)”可知，洛杉磯的WisdomTreeHike可以看到一個(gè)城市的全景。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章TheBoardwalkTrailinAustin部分的“InAustin,you’llbecharmedbyart.(在奧斯汀，你會(huì)被藝術(shù)所吸引。)”以及ArtWalkinDenver部分的“Denverisagreatdestinationinitself,withlotsofculturalattractions,livemusicandexcellentrestaurants.Thecity’sArtDistrictonSantaFe(ADSF)hasadelightful2.7-milepaththatleadsyoutoartgalleriesandexcellentfoodanddrinkstops.(丹佛本身就是一個(gè)偉大的目的地，有許多文化景點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂(lè)和一流的餐館。這座城市的圣達(dá)菲藝術(shù)區(qū)(ADSF)有一條令人愉快的2.7英里小路，可以通往藝術(shù)畫(huà)廊和美味的美食和飲料站。)”可知，AustinandDenver的共同之處在于在這兩個(gè)地方的游客可以欣賞藝術(shù)作品。故選B項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“FourBestCityWalksintheUS(美國(guó)最好的四個(gè)城市步道)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知文章主要介紹了美國(guó)最好的四個(gè)城市步道，所以最有可能出自旅游手冊(cè)。故選A項(xiàng)。BThefirsttimeTerryattendedameetingoftheTahquamenonSportsmen’sClub,theymadehimvicepresident—andhewasn’tevenamember.Byhissecondvisit,thefewmembersleftinthedyingorganizationhadputhiminchargeofthewholething.Theclubbeganinthe1920s.Backthen,huntingandfishingwerepastimesinruralareas.Theculture,however,isdifferentnow.WhenTerrytookoverthecentury-oldclub,itwasonitslastlegs.Onlyacoupledozenmembersremained,andmostwereolderthanitsnew68-year-oldpresident.Theywerenolongerdoingthethingsthey’dbeenknownfor.Worstofall,theirfamousfishingtacklepartyhadbeencanceledtwice,oncejustbecausetheysimplydidn’thaveenoughmemberstopullitoff.Hewantedtopushhardtokeeptheorganizationgoing,becauseitisoneofthethingsthatmakeuptheheartandsoulofNewberry.Hehadtolookfornewmembers.Heneededtobroadentheclub’sofferingstoattractyoungerpeople.Morethananythingelse,hehadtomakesurethetacklepartyforkidstookplaceonceagain.Littlebylittle,Terry’seffortsworked.Peoplebeganaskingaboutmemberships.Somesentcontributions.Othersofferedtheirtime.Alocalcompanydonatednewsidingfortheclubhouse.Someoneelsesaidtheywouldputanewroofonit.Someonecameandmowedthelawn(草坪)whenitgotlonginthesummer.Othersclearedthesnowinthewinter.Allovertown,peopleandbusinessespromisedtohelptheclubsurviveandsucceed.OnthedayoftheannualKidsTackleParty,hundredsofkidsandtheirfamiliesappeared.Terrystartedtheeventwithaspeech.Alocalfishingexpertgavetipsonhowtocatchfish.Then,oneatatime,eachofthe245kidswascalledbyname,andeveryoneofthemgotafishingpoleandatacklebox.Ittookmorethanthreehourstogetthrougheveryonewhoshowedup.Itwasabigevent,onethatcameclosetodying,butwasfinallyback.Terryfoughttokeeptheclubandpartyforkids,alongtimetraditionintheNewberrycommunity,going.Traditionsaredyingthesedays,buthewasabletogetpeopletoholdontothisone.19.WhenTerrytookovertheclub,________.A.hewastheyoungestmember B.huntingwasapopularpastimeC.thecultureoftheclubremained D.theclubwasstrugglingtosurvive20.Tokeeptheorganizationgoing,whatdidTerryputatthetopofhisto-dolist?A.Broadeningpeople’smindsinNewberry.B.Searchingforhelpfromhisneighborhood.C.Ensuringthereturnofthetacklepartyforkids.D.Offeringappealingactivitiestoattractnewmembers.21.Whatdidthetownspeopledotohelptheclub?A.Theygrewgrass. B.Theyremovedthesnow.C.Theydonatedfishingpoles. D.Theyfixedtheclubhouseroof.22.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Interestdoesnotlie. B.Thediscoveryoftraditionmatters.C.Sometimeshardworkdoesn’tpayoff. D.Aheroshowsupduringchallengingtimes.〖答案〗19.D20.C21.B22.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講的是Terry接管了一個(gè)瀕臨滅亡的俱樂(lè)部，經(jīng)過(guò)努力讓它重新恢復(fù)生機(jī)的故事。【19題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Byhissecondvisit,thefewmembersleftinthedyingorganizationhadputhiminchargeofthewholething.(到他第二次去的時(shí)候，這個(gè)垂死的組織里剩下的幾個(gè)成員已經(jīng)讓他掌管了整個(gè)組織。)”以及文章第二段“WhenTerrytookoverthecentury-oldclub,itwasonitslastlegs.(Terry接手這家百年俱樂(lè)部時(shí)，它已奄奄一息。)”可知，當(dāng)Terry接管俱樂(lè)部時(shí)，俱樂(lè)部正在為生存而掙扎。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Morethananythingelse,hehadtomakesurethetacklepartyforkidstookplaceonceagain.(最重要的是，他必須確保孩子們的釣魚(yú)派對(duì)再次舉行。)”可知，為了保證俱樂(lè)部的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，Terry把確保孩子們的釣魚(yú)派對(duì)的回歸放在了他待辦事項(xiàng)清單的首位。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Someonecameandmowedthelawn(草坪)whenitgotlonginthesummer.Othersclearedthesnowinthewinter.(當(dāng)草在夏天變長(zhǎng)時(shí)有人來(lái)修剪草坪，其他人則在冬天清理積雪。)”可知，為了幫助俱樂(lè)部，鎮(zhèn)上的人幫助俱樂(lè)部清除積雪。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Terryfoughttokeeptheclubandpartyforkids,alongtimetraditionintheNewberrycommunity,going.Traditionsaredyingthesedays,buthewasabletogetpeopletoholdontothisone.(Terry努力讓俱樂(lè)部和孩子們的聚會(huì)繼續(xù)下去，這是紐伯里社區(qū)的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期傳統(tǒng)。如今，傳統(tǒng)正在消亡，但他能讓人們堅(jiān)持下去。)”以及文章其他段落的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講的是Terry拯救了瀕臨滅亡的釣魚(yú)派對(duì)，所以從故事中我們可以得出，英雄總是出現(xiàn)在挑戰(zhàn)性的時(shí)期。故選D項(xiàng)。CInthe1970s,agorilla(大猩猩)knownasKokobecameworld-famouswhenscientiststaughthertousehumansignlanguagetocommunicatewithpeople.Therewerenumerousattemptsinthemid-1900stoteachhumanlanguagetononhumans,suchasKoko.Butwhatweshouldhavebeenthinkingaboutwastheirabilitiestoengageincomplexcommunicationontheirowntermsinsteadoftryingtoteachananimaltotalktousinhumanlanguage.Todayscientistsaretryingtofigureouthowlivingthingsalreadyshareinformationusingtheirparticularmethods.Thisnewfieldofstudyisknownasdigitalbioacoustics,anditinvolvesusingtoolstounderstandtheproductionofsoundsandtheireffectsonlivingthings.Scientistsinthisfieldareusingsensors,whicharedevicesthatpickupandrecordinformationonphysicalorchemicalconditions.Somearealsousingartificialintelligence(AI)technology,anapproachthatusesalgorithms(算法).ThesamealgorithmsthatweuseintoolssuchasGoogleTranslatetotranslatedocumentscanalsobeusedtofindpatternsinnonhumancommunication.JeremyofTelAvivUniversitystudiednearlytwodozenEgyptianfruitbatsfortwoandahalfmonthsandrecordedtheirvocalizations.Histeamadaptedavoice-recognitionprogramtostudy15,000ofthesounds.Thealgorithmmatchedspecificsoundswithspecificthingsthebatsweredoing.Usingthisprogram,theresearcherswereabletoclassifymostofthebats’sounds.Jeremyandotherresearchershavefoundthatbatshaveamuchmorecomplexlanguagethanwepreviouslyunderstood.Batsargueoverfood;theydistinguish(區(qū)分)betweengenderswhentheycommunicatewithoneanotherandtheyhaveindividualnames,or“signaturecalls”.That’sagreatexampleofhowAIisabletofindthesepatternsfrominformationgatheredbysensorsandmicrophones.AIrevealsthingsthatwecan’thearwithourhumanearsalonebecausemostbatcommunicationhappensaboveourhearingrange,andbecausebatsspeakmuchfasterthanwedo,wehavetoslowitdowntolistentoit.Sowecannotlistenlikeabat,butourcomputerscan.Andourcomputerscanalsospeakbacktothebatbyproducingspecificpatterns.Digitalbioacousticsislikeanamazinghearingaid.Itletsuslistentoanimalswithbothourdigitallyenhanced(增強(qiáng)的)earsandourimagination.Thisisslowlyopeningourmindsnotonlytothewonderfulsoundsthatnonhumansmake,buttoafundamentalsetofquestionsabouttheso-calleddividebetweenhumansandnonhumans,aswellasourconnectiontootherspecies.It’salsoopeningupnewwaystothinkaboutprotectinglivingthingsandourrelationshipwiththeplanet.It’sprettymeaningful.23.Regardingscientists’effortstoteachanimalshumanlanguage,theauthorfeels________.A.negative B.unconcerned C.uncertain D.supportive24.Scientistsindigitalbioacousticsaretryingtostudy________.A.howanimalsusedifferenttoolstoshareinformationB.howanimalsareaffectedbytheproductionofsoundsC.howanimalsaretaughttotalkinhumansignlanguageD.howanimalscommunicatewithoneanotherusingsounds25.WhatcanwelearnaboutAIappliedindigitalbioacoustics?A.Itpairscertainanimals’soundswiththeirbehaviors.B.Itslowsdownanimals’soundswithinhumans’hearingrange.C.Itadaptsvoice-recognitionprogramstoanalyzeanimals’sounds.D.Ittranslatesspecificnonhumansoundpatternsintohumanlanguage.26.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A.animalscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheirsoundpatternsB.scientistsneedtokeepstudyinghowanimalsproducesoundsC.digitalbioacousticsmayinspirehumanstorethinktheirrelationshipwithanimalsD.thefocusofdigitalbioacousticsshouldbethedividebetweenhumansandnonhumans〖答案〗23.A24.D25.A26.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講的是科學(xué)家們正試圖弄清楚生物是如何用它們獨(dú)特的方法共享信息的。這個(gè)新的研究領(lǐng)域被稱(chēng)為數(shù)字生物聲學(xué)，它不僅讓我們聽(tīng)到了非人類(lèi)發(fā)出的美妙聲音，而且讓我們看到了一系列關(guān)于所謂的人類(lèi)和非人類(lèi)之間的鴻溝的基本問(wèn)題，以及我們與其他物種的聯(lián)系?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Butwhatweshouldhavebeenthinkingaboutwastheirabilitiestoengageincomplexcommunicationontheirowntermsinsteadoftryingtoteachananimaltotalktousinhumanlanguage.(但我們應(yīng)該考慮的是它們用自己的方式進(jìn)行復(fù)雜交流的能力，而不是試圖教會(huì)動(dòng)物用人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言與我們交談。)”可知作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該考慮讓動(dòng)物用它們自己的方式進(jìn)行復(fù)雜交流，而不是試圖教會(huì)動(dòng)物用人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言與我們交談，所以作者對(duì)于科學(xué)家教動(dòng)物人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言的努力的態(tài)度是消極的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Todayscientistsaretryingtofigureouthowlivingthingsalreadyshareinformationusingtheirparticularmethods..(今天，科學(xué)家們正試圖弄清楚生物是如何用它們獨(dú)特的方法共享信息的。)”可知數(shù)字生物聲學(xué)的科學(xué)家們正試圖研究動(dòng)物是如何利用它們獨(dú)特的方法即聲音相互交流的。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thealgorithmmatchedspecificsoundswithspecificthingsthebatsweredoing.Usingthisprogram,theresearcherswereabletoclassifymostofthebats’sounds.(該算法將特定的聲音與蝙蝠正在做的特定事情相匹配。利用這個(gè)程序，研究人員能夠?qū)Υ蠖鄶?shù)蝙蝠的聲音進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。)”可知應(yīng)用于數(shù)字生物聲學(xué)的人工智能將某些動(dòng)物的聲音與它們的行為配對(duì)。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“It’salsoopeningupnewwaystothinkaboutprotectinglivingthingsandourrelationshipwiththeplanet.It’sprettymeaningful.(它也開(kāi)辟了新的方式來(lái)思考保護(hù)生物和我們與地球的關(guān)系。這很有意義。)”可知作者認(rèn)為數(shù)字生物聲學(xué)可能會(huì)激發(fā)人類(lèi)重新思考他們與動(dòng)物的關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。DMostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.Andwhenwedotrytothinkbacktoourearliestmemories,it’softenunclearwhethertheyaretherealthingorjustrecollectionsbasedonphotosorstoriestoldtousbyothers.Thephenomenon(現(xiàn)象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.Atfirstglance,itmayseemthatthereasonwedon’trememberbeingbabiesisthatbabiesdon’thaveafullydevelopedmemory.Butbabiesasyoungassixmonthscanformbothshort-termmemoriesthatlastforminutesandlong-termmemoriesthatlastweeks.Inonestudy,six-month-oldswholearnedhowtopressabuttontooperateatoytrainrememberedhowtoperformthisactionfortwotothreeweeksaftertheyhadlastseenthetoy.Preschoolerscanremembereventsthatgoyearsback.Ofcourse,memorycapabilitiesattheseagesarenotadult-like.Infact,developmentalchangesinbasicmemoryprocesseshavebeenputforwardasanexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.Thesebasicprocessesinvolveseveralbrainregionsandincludeforming,maintainingandthenlaterretrieving(檢索)thememory.Forexample,thehippocampus,thoughttoberesponsibleforformingmemories,continuesdevelopinguntiltheageofseven.Thetypicalboundaryfortheoffsetofchildhoodamnesia—threeandahalfyears—changeswithage.Childrenandteenagershaveearliermemoriesthanadultsdo.Thissuggeststhattheproblemmaybelesswithformingmemoriesthanwithmaintainingthem.Butthisdoesnotseemtobethewholestory;languagealsoplaysarole.Fromtheagesofonetosix,childrenprogressfromtheone-wordstageofspeakingtobecomingfluentintheirnativelanguage(s),sotherearemajorchangesintheirverbal(言語(yǔ)的)abilitythatoverlapwiththechildhoodamnesiaperiod.Thisincludesusingthepasttense,andmemory-relatedwordssuchas“remember”and“forget”.It’struetosomeextentthatachild’sabilitytoverbalizeaboutaneventatthetimethatithappenedpredictshowwelltheyrememberitmonthsoryearslater.Onelabgroupconductedthisworkbyinterviewingyoungchildrenbroughttoaccidentandemergencydepartmentsforcommonchildhoodinjuries.Thoseover26months,whocouldverbalizeabouttheeventatthetime,recalled(回憶起)ituptofiveyearslater,whilethoseunder26months,whocouldnottalkaboutit,recalledlittleornothing.Evenifwecan’tclearlyrememberspecificeventsfromwhenwewereveryyoung,theiraccumulation,however,leaveslastingtracksthatinfluenceourbehavior.Thefirstfewyearsoflifeareforgettableandyetpowerfulinshapingtheadultsthatwebecome.27.Accordingtothepassage,childhoodamnesiarefersto________.A.inabilitytorecallearlychildhoodexperiences B.difficultychildrenhaveformingmemoriesC.concernaboutthetruthofearlymemories D.lossofmemoryabilitiesinthechildhood28.Whatdothewords“overlapwith”underlinedinParagraph4probablymean?A.Havealotincommonwith. B.Happenatthesametimeas.C.Playanimportantrolein. D.Arecloselyrelatedto.29.WhatmaytheresultsoftheinterviewmentionedinParagraph5suggest?A.Childrenstarttoformlong-termmemoriesat26months.B.Children’sabilitytorecallspecificeventsincreaseswithage.C.Preverbalmemoriesmaybelostiftheyarenottranslatedintolanguage.D.Injuriesprobablyinfluencehowwellchildrenverbalizeaboutevents.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Childhoodamnesia:HowmemoryworksinkidsB.Thebrainandmemory:HowmemoriesareformedC.Verbalability:WhyitmattersinthememoryprocessD.Theforgottenchildhood:Whyearlymemoriesdisappear〖答案〗27.A28.B29.C30.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了“童年失憶癥”這一現(xiàn)象，分析了背后的原因以及相關(guān)研究。【27題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Mostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.Andwhenwedotrytothinkbacktoourearliestmemories,it’softenunclearwhethertheyaretherealthingorjustrecollectionsbasedonphotosorstoriestoldtousbyothers.Thephenomenon(現(xiàn)象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.(我們大多數(shù)人對(duì)生命的前三到四歲沒(méi)有任何記憶。當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D回想起我們最早的記憶時(shí)，往往不清楚它們是真實(shí)的，還是僅僅是基于照片或別人告訴我們的故事的回憶。這種現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為“童年失憶癥”，一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直困擾著心理學(xué)家，我們?nèi)匀粵](méi)有完全理解它)”可知，童年健忘癥是指無(wú)法回憶起童年早期的經(jīng)歷。故選A。【28題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Mostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.(我們大多數(shù)人對(duì)生命的前三到四歲沒(méi)有任何記憶)”以及劃線(xiàn)詞上文“Fromtheagesofonetosix,childrenprogressfromtheone-wordstageofspeakingtobecomingfluentintheirnativelanguage(s),sotherearemajorchangesintheirverbal(言語(yǔ)的)abilitythat”可知，大多數(shù)人對(duì)生命的前三到四歲沒(méi)有任何記憶，這時(shí)因?yàn)閺?歲到6歲，孩子們從一個(gè)單詞的說(shuō)話(huà)階段發(fā)展到流利地說(shuō)母語(yǔ)，所以他們的語(yǔ)言能力發(fā)生了重大變化，與兒童失憶癥時(shí)期同時(shí)發(fā)生。故劃線(xiàn)詞意思是“與……同時(shí)發(fā)生”。故選B?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thoseover26months,whocouldverbalizeabouttheeventatthetime,recalled(回憶起)ituptofiveyearslater,whilethoseunder26months,whocouldnottalkaboutit,recalledlittleornothing.(超過(guò)26個(gè)月的嬰兒當(dāng)時(shí)可以用語(yǔ)言描述這件事，五年后他們還能回憶起這件事，而26個(gè)月以下的嬰兒不能談?wù)撨@件事，幾乎什么也記不起來(lái))”可知，訪(fǎng)談結(jié)果可能表明如果不將言語(yǔ)前的記憶翻譯成語(yǔ)言，可能會(huì)丟失。故選C?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thephenomenon(現(xiàn)象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.(這種現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為“童年失憶癥”，一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直困擾著心理學(xué)家，我們?nèi)匀粵](méi)有完全理解它)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了“童年失憶癥”這一現(xiàn)象，分析了背后的原因以及相關(guān)研究?？芍?，D選項(xiàng)“被遺忘的童年：為什么早期記憶會(huì)消失”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.選詞填空（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）用方框中單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子，每個(gè)單詞只能用一次。observeharmlikelyindependencesurvivorpromisenormal31.Theworkersarebuildingsheltersforthousandsofearthquake_____________.32._____________,ittakesthreeorfouryearstocompletetheoperacourse.33.Hewasvotedthemost_____________newactorforhisremarkableperformanceinthemovie.34.Althoughhesometimesspeaksverydirectly,hisintentionsare_____________—hejustwantstohelpothers.35.A(n)_____________organizationisonethatcontrolsitsownoperation.36.Thetwosidesare_____________toreachanagreement,becauseneitherofthemiswillingtogivein.37.The_____________oftheuniversemakesusrealizehowsmallandinsignificantweare.〖答案〗31.survivors32.Normally33.promising34.harmless35.independent36.unlikely37.observation【31題詳析】考查名詞。句意：工人們正在為成千上萬(wàn)的地震幸存者建造避難所。根據(jù)空格前“建造避難所”可知，此處指的是地震幸存者，survivor意為“幸存者”；空格前有“thousandsof”所以要用復(fù)數(shù)。故填survivors?！?2題詳析】考查副詞。句意：通常，完成歌劇課程需要三到四年的時(shí)間?？崭裉幬挥诰渥拥拈_(kāi)頭，修飾后面的句子，所以需要填入副詞；空格后“完成歌劇課程需要三到四年的時(shí)間”為一個(gè)通常的情況；normally為normal的副詞，意為“通常”。故填Normally?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：由于他在電影中的出色表現(xiàn)，他被選為最有前途的新演員?？崭裉幬挥诿~之前，修飾名詞，因此需要填入形容詞；根據(jù)空格后“他在電影中的出色表現(xiàn)”可知，此處說(shuō)明他是有前途的演員；promising意為“有前途的”，為promise的形容詞。故填promising。【34題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：雖然他有時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)很直接，但他的意圖是無(wú)害的——他只是想幫助別人?？崭裉幬挥赽e動(dòng)詞之后，因此需要填入形容詞；根據(jù)空格后“他只是想幫助別人”可知，他的意圖是好的，沒(méi)有壞處的；harmless意為“無(wú)害的”為harm的形容詞。故填harmless。【35題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：獨(dú)立組織是指控制自身運(yùn)作的組織?？崭裉幬挥诿~之前，修飾名詞，所以需要填入形容詞；根據(jù)空格后的“控制自身運(yùn)作的組織”可知，此處指的是獨(dú)立的組織；independent意為“獨(dú)立的”，為independence的形容詞。故填independent。【36題詳析】考查副詞。句意：雙方不太可能達(dá)成協(xié)議，因?yàn)殡p方都不愿讓步。空格處位于動(dòng)詞之前，修飾動(dòng)詞，因此需要填入副詞；根據(jù)后文“因?yàn)殡p方都不愿讓步”，可知，此處指的是不可能達(dá)成協(xié)議。unlikely意為“不可能地”，為likely的反義詞。故填unlikely?！?7題詳析】考查名詞。句意：對(duì)宇宙的觀(guān)察讓我們意識(shí)到我們是多么的渺小和微不足道?？崭裉帪榫渥拥闹髡Z(yǔ)且位于冠詞之后，所以需要填入名詞；根據(jù)空格后“讓我們意識(shí)到我們是多么的渺小和微不足道”以及“宇宙”可知，此處指的是“對(duì)宇宙的觀(guān)察”。observation意為“觀(guān)察”，為observe的名詞，此處特指對(duì)宇宙的觀(guān)察。故填observation。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。38.Ilikebigparties_____________youcandance,havefunandmeetnewpeople.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)〖答案〗wh