Unit3Immoreoutgoingthanmysister.課時(shí)3Grammar（學(xué)生版）八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)講義（人教版）

Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航Grammar（課時(shí)3）知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)一、定義比較級(jí)用于兩者(人或事物)的比較，表示其中一個(gè)比另一個(gè)＂更……＂或＂較……＂，后面用連詞than連接另一個(gè)所比較的人或事物。二、用法1.表示兩個(gè)人或事物作比較時(shí)，形容詞要用比較級(jí)形式，形容詞比較級(jí)之后常用than引出比較的對(duì)象。Thispenislongerthanthatone.這支鋼筆比那支長(zhǎng)。NewYorkisbiggerthanCambridge.紐約比劍橋大。2.表示兩者之間的選擇，意為＂哪一個(gè)更……＂。Whoistaller,LilyorLucy?莉莉和露西相比，誰(shuí)更高？三、形容詞比較級(jí)的變化1.形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化：構(gòu)成方式例詞規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加er，estsmall→smaller→smallesthard→harder→hardest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞，加r，stlarge→larger→largestwide→wider→widest以?xún)蓚€(gè)輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母，再加er，estbig→bigger→biggestthin→thinner→thinnest以＂輔音字母+y＂結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加er，estugly→uglier→ugliestearly→earlier→earliest少數(shù)以er或ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，詞尾加er，estnarrow→narrower→narrowestclever→cleverer→cleverest多音節(jié)其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞及分詞形容詞，在詞前加more，mostimportant→moreimportant→mostimportanteasily→moreeasily→mosteasily【記憶口訣】比較級(jí)規(guī)則變化口訣兩者之間做比較，尾巴er少不了；一般詞尾加er，有e詞尾只加r；單一輔音單音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)詞尾加er；輔音加y很重要，去y變i加er；雙多音節(jié)字太長(zhǎng)，前加more比它強(qiáng)。2.不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化bad/badly→worse→worst；much/many→more→most；good/well→better→best；far→farther/further→farthest/furthest；old→older/elder→oldest/eldest；little→less→least【易錯(cuò)警示】1.farther/farthest和further/furthest的區(qū)別：二者表示距離時(shí)，往往可互換，但是用于引申義，表示程度時(shí)，只能使用后者。Hecanthrowmuchfarther/furtherthanyou.他可以比你扔得遠(yuǎn)得多。HissuggestionisthatKateshouldbesentabroadforfurthereducation.他的建議是凱特被派往國(guó)外進(jìn)修。2.older/oldest和elder/eldest的區(qū)別：前者用于人或者物，可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，可與than連用，而后者主要用于家人之間，表明長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定語(yǔ)不作表語(yǔ)，也不與than連用。I’mtwoyearsolderthanhim.我比他大兩歲。Hiselderbrotherworksinaclothingfactory.他哥哥在一家服裝廠工作?！居洃浛谠E】不規(guī)則名詞變化記憶口訣合二為一共三對(duì)，壞病兩多和兩好；一分為二有兩個(gè)，一是遠(yuǎn)來(lái)二是老；還有一詞含雙義，只記少來(lái)不記小。（對(duì)應(yīng)的詞為：bad/ill，many/much，good/well，far，old，little）三、形容詞比較級(jí)前的修飾詞比較級(jí)前可以用much、alittle、alot、even、rather、still、any、abit、far等詞修飾，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修飾原級(jí))等修飾。Believeme,youreallylookmuchbetterthanbefore.相信我，你看起來(lái)真的比以前好多了。Heisalottallerthanme.他比我高很多。Theywenttherealittlelaterthanothers.他們比其他人稍微去晚一點(diǎn)兒。It’sevenbiggerthananisland.它甚至比一座島嶼都大。Heisfarstrongerthanhisbrother.他比他哥哥強(qiáng)壯得多。四、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的用法1.最基本句型＂主語(yǔ)+be(is/am/are)+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象＂。than后接人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)可以是主格或賓格。than前后的比較對(duì)象必須是同一范疇,即同類(lèi)事物之間的比較。Sheisalittlemoreoutgoingthanme.她比我性格外向一點(diǎn)。2.比較級(jí)前可以用much、alittle、alot、even、rather、still、any、abit、far等詞修飾，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修飾原級(jí))等修飾。It’scoldtoday,butitisgoingtobeevencoldertomorrow.今天很冷，但明天會(huì)更冷。3.在含有or的選擇疑問(wèn)句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級(jí)形式。Whodoyouthinkismorebeautiful,LucyorLily?你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)更漂亮，露茜還是莉莉？4.當(dāng)兩者比較只出現(xiàn)一方，含有ofthetwo/ofthetwins結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，比較級(jí)前要加the，意為＂兩個(gè)中比較……的一個(gè)＂。Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.他是兩個(gè)男孩中個(gè)子較高的一個(gè)。5.＂get/bee+形容詞比較級(jí)+and+形容詞比較級(jí)＂是＂變得越來(lái)越……＂的意思，and連接同一個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)。當(dāng)表示＂越來(lái)越……＂時(shí)，形容詞為多音節(jié)詞或一些雙音節(jié)詞，用＂moreandmore+原級(jí)＂結(jié)構(gòu)。Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringes.春天來(lái)了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。6.＂the+形容詞比較級(jí)…,the+形容詞比較級(jí)…＂意為＂越……就越……＂。兩個(gè)＂比較級(jí)＂不要求一定詞性相同，它們各自的詞性要依句子的需要而定。Theharderyouworkatyourstudy,thebettergradesyouwillhave.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，你的成績(jī)就越好。7.表示＂比……大(長(zhǎng)、多、寬……)幾倍＂，用＂…times+形容詞比較級(jí)+than…＂結(jié)構(gòu)。Ourclassroomistwicelargerthanyours.我們的教室比你們的大兩倍。8.表示＂重幾斤＂、＂高幾厘米＂、＂大幾歲＂等，可用＂表示數(shù)量的詞+形容詞比較級(jí)+than…＂。Tomissixyearsolderthanyou.湯姆比你大六歲。9.當(dāng)表達(dá)＂……之一＂、＂第幾大/小/高/矮……＂時(shí)，往往用最高級(jí)，而不用比較級(jí)。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。10.＂形容詞比較級(jí)+thananyother+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＂表示＂……比其他的任何……都……＂，此句型可以換成最高級(jí)。LiLeiisclevererthananyotherstudentintheclass.=LiLeiistheclevereststudentintheclass.李磊是班上最聰明的學(xué)生。11.＂more+形容詞＂與＂less+形容詞＂及notso(as)…as的互換。要注意前后比較對(duì)象要倒換位置。ChineseismoreimportantthanEnglish.=EnglishislessimportantthanChinese.=EnglishisnotsoimportantasChinese.漢語(yǔ)比英語(yǔ)重要。12.比較級(jí)的替代。使用比較級(jí)時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)比較項(xiàng)要保持一致。若前一個(gè)比較項(xiàng)是不可數(shù)名詞，則后一個(gè)比較項(xiàng)可為替代詞that。若前一個(gè)比較項(xiàng)是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則后一個(gè)比較項(xiàng)可為替代詞those。TheweatherinNanjingiswarmerthanthatinBeijinginwinter.在冬天南京的天氣比北京暖和。ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.一班同學(xué)比二班同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)用功。比較級(jí)的使用原則：（1）自身不進(jìn)行比較，排除自己的方法是使用anyother。Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.(不能去掉other)他比他班里的其他任何男孩都高。（2）比較的對(duì)象必須是同類(lèi)的人或事物。Mynameislongerthanyours.(不能將yours寫(xiě)成you)我的名字比你的名字長(zhǎng)。【名師點(diǎn)睛】1.兩者進(jìn)行比較，表示＂一方比另一方更……＂時(shí)用2.兩者進(jìn)行比較，表示＂一方與另一方一樣……＂時(shí)用3.兩者進(jìn)行比較，問(wèn)＂其中哪一個(gè)更……＂時(shí)用能力拓展能力拓展1．（2021·吉林長(zhǎng)春市·中考真題）Hi,Momis__________thananyotherfilmthatI’veeverseen.A．popular B．themostpopular C．toopopular D．morepopular2．（2021·貴州畢節(jié)市·中考真題）MybrotherBobis________hardworkingthanme,butIam________thanhim.A．most;funnier B．most;funniest C．more;fun D．more;funnier3．（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真題）Ithink________childrenlearntolookafterthemselves,________itisfortheirfuture.A．theearlier;thebetter B．theearliest;thebest C．theearly,thegood4．（2021·遼寧朝陽(yáng)市·中考真題）Janehasbee________thanbefore.Shecanexpressherselfinpublicnow.A．muchoutgoing B．mostoutgoing C．moreoutgoing D．lessoutgoing5．（2021·安徽合肥市·）—Howwasyourjobinterviewlastweek?—Oh,Icouldn’tfeel________.Icouldhardlyanswermostofthequestionstheyasked.A．better B．happier C．worse D．easier分層提分分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練一、單項(xiàng)選擇6．Shesaysmyfriendissimilar________me,butIthinksheisdifferent________me.A．tofrom B．a(chǎn)sfrom C．toto D．a(chǎn)sto7．—Hi,doyouknowZhongNanshan?—Yes.HewenttoWuhantocurbspreadofcoronavirus.Hisstory________me.A．saved B．missed C．touched D．worried8．Hewalked________[θru?]theforestonfootlastmonth.A．a(chǎn)lthough B．though C．bought D．through9．—Areyouclear________touseaputertodraw?—Yes.Ihavelearneditwiththehelpofmyteacher.A．what B．how C．when D．which10．Thewholeteamcried________whentheyfinallywonthebasketballgame.A．a(chǎn)ngrily B．sadly C．quietly D．happily11．—Mum,Ididn’tpasstheEnglishtestagain.—That’sallright.Justliketheweather,life_________bebeautifulallthetime.A．can’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t12．—Werethereanypeopleinthebuildingwhenthebigfirebrokeout(爆發(fā))?—Yes,thereweremorethanonehundred.Luckily,________ofthemwerekilledinthefire.A．each B．both C．a(chǎn)ll D．none13．Whichcityis________,Sally,ShanghaiorFuzhou?A．beautiful B．muchbeautifulC．muchmorebeautiful D．themostbeautiful14．—IthinkthatEricwritesas_______asBetty?—Sohedoes.A．morecareful B．carefully C．careful15．—Timeismoney.—ButIthinkitis________money.A．thesameas B．a(chǎn)simportantas C．moreimportantthan題組B能力提升練二、完成句子16．這是我看過(guò)的最令人激動(dòng)的電影。Thisisthe_________moviethatI’veseen.17．陽(yáng)光旅館里的房間是附近最大最干凈的。TheroomsinSunshineHotelarethe_____and______aroundhere.18．世界上最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目是什么?What’s________________sportintheworld?19．莉莉比我更聰明。Lilyis____________________me.20．將來(lái)會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的新技術(shù)使我們的生活更便利。________newtechnologiesinthefuturetomakeourlifemoreconvenient.三、用所給單詞的正確形式填空21．Mysisteris________(good)atMathsthanI.Sheoftenhelpsmewithit.22．Englishisavery________(use)languageintheworldtoday.23．Iknowsomethingaboutthefilm.Canyoutellme________(much)?24．Thewholeholidaywasreally_____(enjoy),fromstarttofinish.25．Allofthemwere___________(surprise)atthenews.26．YuanLongping,oneofthe_________（great）scientistsintheworld,isknownas“Fatherofhybridrice”.27．（2021·黑龍江雞西市·中考真題）Theharderyouwork,the_________(luck)youwillbe.28．（2021·甘肅天水市·中考真題）WeChineseare________(pride)ofthegreatchangesinourcountry.29．（2021·江蘇鹽城市·中考真題）LiBaiandDuFu,twoofthegreatestpoetsinChinesehistory,formeda________friendship.(last)30．（2020·甘肅蘭州市·中考真題）Itisoneofthe________(big)supermarketsinLanzhou.題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練四、完型填空Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyouarethewayyouare?Whatmakesyou31fromyourbrothersandsisters?Peoplehaveaskedthesequestionsforcenturies,and32aretryingtoanswerthem.Oneideathey'reexploringisthatbirthorder33thepersonwebee.Ingeneral,theoldestchildisdescribedas34,organized,dutiful(盡職的),anddeterminedtogetwhatheorshewants.Oldestchildrenareseenasbornleaders.Theiryoungerbrothersandsisterssometimes35themasbossy(專(zhuān)橫的).Theyarealwayswillingtotellyoungerbrothersandsisterswhattheyshoulddojust36they'retheoldest.Themiddlechildmaybedescribedasbeingpetitiveinordertogetmore37.They38feelthattheirfamilyignores(忽視)thembecausetheyareinthemiddle.Becausemiddlechildrentendtoavoidconflicts(沖突),theycanbefriendlyand39.Theyareusuallymoreinfluencedbytheirfriendsthanbytheirfamily,perhapsbecausetheygetmoreattentionfrom40friends.Theyoungestchildis41asthebabyofthefamily.Theycanbespoiled(寵愛(ài))bytheir42,whospendalotoftimewiththemandoftengivethemwhattheywant.43childrenenjoybeingthecenterofattention,andtheyareseenasoutgoing,open－minded,andlikelytotakerisks.Whatifyou'reanonly44?Manypeoplethinkthatachildwithnobrothersorsistersneedslotsofattentionasheorshe45.Somethinkthey'reselfish,orunwillingtosharewithothers.31．A．a(chǎn)bsent B．similar C．same D．different32．A．researchers B．writers C．reporters D．teachers33．A．changes B．influences C．creates D．finds34．A．unlucky B．confident C．serious D．special35．A．choose B．wish C．see D．hear36．A．though B．when C．because D．unless37．A．a(chǎn)chievement B．a(chǎn)ttention C．strength D．power38．A．sometimes B．seldom C．never D．hardly39．A．outgoing B．cruel C．poor D．upset40．A．your B．our C．its D．their41．A．described B．discovered C．understood D．realized42．A．friends B．partners C．teachers D．parents43．A．Oldest B．Richest C．Youngest D．Weakest44．A．child B．a(chǎn)dult C．student D．boy45．A．putsup B．cutsup C．turnsup D．growsup五、閱讀單選ADoyouknowthatyouarenotoutgoingenough?Doyouwanttomakefriends，butareyoutooshy?Readthefollowingrules.Theywillhelpyou.★Feelfortable.Alwaysbeclean.Shower，brushyourteeth，andtrytolooknice.Dressincleanclothes.Theymustmakeyoufeelgoodandfortable.Thosemakeyoufeelmoreconfident(自信的).★Smilemoreoften.Trytosmilemoreoftenatpeople.Itwillmakethemthinkthatyouarefriendly.Thenthey'lltalktoyoumoreeveniftheydon'tknowyou.★Justtalk.Somepeopleworryabouttalkingbecausetheythink,“WhatamIgoingtotalkaboutwiththatperson?”O(jiān)utgoingpeopledon'teventhinkaboutit.Theyjustgouptopeopleandsaywhattheythink.★L(fēng)istentopeople.Youcan'tjusttalk.Peoplewillthinkthatyou'reselfcentered(以自我為中心的).Yohavetolistentoothersandgiveyourideas.Letthemknowwhatyouthink.★Readthenews.Don'tjuststayathomeanddonothing.SurftheNetfornewsandinformation，andtallaboutthemwhenyou’rewithfriends.46．Therulesinthepassagewillhelpyou_______.A．studybetter B．makemorefriendsC．stayhealthier D．finishyourhomework47．Whatmakesyoufeelgoodandfortable?A．Smileatotherpeople. B．Talkwithotherpeople.C．Haveanicelook. D．Readmorebooks.48．