翻譯理論與實踐教案1

課程名稱：《翻譯理論與實踐》主導教材：馮慶華《實用翻譯教程》(英漢互譯)學分：2學時：3668學時，其中36學時為英譯漢，32學時為漢譯英，每周2學時。教學計劃2)翻譯技巧講練(介紹主要的英漢互譯技巧3)多視角的翻譯實踐與研究(不同領域的翻譯實踐及其操作原則與技巧，2馮慶華：《實用翻譯教程》(英漢互譯),上海外語教育出版社，2002年版陳宏薇：《新實用漢譯英教程》,湖北教育出版社，2000年版主要參考資料：Newmark,P.ATextbookofTranslation.Shanghai:SFLEP,2001.Nida,E.A.Language,Culture,andTranslating.Shanghai:SFLEP,1993.Nida,E.A.LanguageandCulture:ContextsinTranslating.ShaSFLEP,2001.張培基：《英漢翻譯教程》,上海外語教育出版社1980年版五、作業(yè)與考核方式作業(yè)：各種文本類型的翻譯練習；主要翻譯理論和重要翻譯概念的資料查找和課堂陳述?？己朔绞剑赫n程考核以平時作業(yè)和期末開卷考試相結合的方式，考核成績由平時作業(yè)成績(40%)和期末考試卷面成績(60%)組成。31.Helpthestudentsachieveabasicunderstandingoftranslationclassification,evaluationcriteria,theroleo2.Thedifficultiesinvolvedintranslatisourcelanguage(SL)/receptorlanguage/targetlanguage(TL);reproduce;message/information;equivalence/correspondence2.Natureoftranslation(EugeneA.Nida):3.Classificationoftranslation:a.Oralinterpretation/writtentranslatib.Humantranslation/machinetc.Literary/scientific/political/cd.Domestication(naturalization)/foreignization(e1.嚴復：信、達、雅(faithfulness,expressivenes似4.EugeneA.Nida:natural/close;dynamic/functionalC.Whatdifficultiesmightoccurintran4c.Thewholeskyspangledgayt —RomeoandJuliete.g.crocodile'stears;scieII.TheRoleofTranslator:1.Acourierofthehumanspirits(普希金)2.Asculptorwhotriestorecreateaworkofpainting4.Amusician/anact5.Traduttori-traditori(TranslatorB.Responsibilityoftranslator:5bysophisticatedmod6#TitleofLesson:Contrastbetwe#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(402.BrieflyanalyzetheB.Static(靜)vs.Dynamic(動)fA.Hypotaxis(從屬結構)vs.Parataxis(并列結構)e.g.Itisapity,however,thatDr.Thomasseemsnottohavlessonthathistoryoffersus-namely,tviewourselves,andhowwebehave.(流水句)7e.g.Doubtsbegantocreepintopeople'smindsaboutC.Subject-Prominent(主語句)vs.Topic-Prominent(主題句)2.Cigaretteswerethedeathof4.Ifyouconferabenefit,neverrememberit;ifyoureceiveone,rememberit6.Theyhadnorunning7.Theatrewillbere9.Bytheendofthewar,800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganiz8詞)9tleofLesson:Conk#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(402.BrieflyanalyzetheA.Wordmeaninge.g.mascon,cosplay→atendencyoftranslatability(e.g.bar,disco)a.Polysemy(一詞多義)b.Homonymy(同形/同音異義)e.g.can;lead;bill;reed/reade.g.readymoney/pocketmo人f3)Hewasquicktouseself-deprecatinghumortothrowanyoneoffthe他是1980年5月27日在羅馬出生的。/他于1980年5月27日出A.Transformationofsentencestructuree.g.IwastoldnottotrustwhatIreadinthecompletionoftheconstructionjobhehadbeenengagedininthePK臺-PleasefindthefullwordofPKanditsoriginalmeaning.Anyre-AttheendofthePPT,putinthesourceofyourknowledgeandthenamesofB.TranslatethefollowingparaItseemedapointscwentunnoticedforasecondufleaoffireglowingbesidetheperfectnavel.Joannejumped,andsquealedwithbuttheevidencecouldnotbedestroyed;immaculateskin.Corinnecontinuedherscreams,splicingthemwithgaspsofintake,whileeveryonerummagedthroughpursesaVaseline,butter,toothpaste-anythingfotoiletwatergivenherinadepartmentstore;Joannedabbedso #TitleofLesson:TransferofWordMeaningWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Amplificationofwordmeani2.AmplificationofwordmeaningII.ChoiceofWordingMeanings(詞義的選擇)g.I'mgoingtothedoctor'stomorromyshiftforme?j.Ithinkmoresingershavecovered“Yesterday”thananyothersong.k.We'vegotalltheexitscovered,sb.Shebackedthecaroutofthenarrowroad.d.TheorganizationisbackedbytheU.e.Ourcathasbrokenoneofherbacklegs.f.Whenyouhavedoneback.e.g.exercise:exerciseresponsibility(exerciseinfluence(施加影響)IV.CommendatorySenseorDerogatorySense(詞義的褒貶)A.Theworditselfhasco2.Hisnotorietyasarakedidnot3.Thetaskscarriedoutbythemarepra4.HenrykeepsboastingthathehastalkedtothePresident.B.Theworditselfisneutra2.Hewasamanofintegrity,butunfortunatelyhehadacertainreputation.2.Aggressivephotographersfollowedtheprincesseverywhere3.HitlercarriedoutanaggressivV.AmplificationofWordMeaning(詞義的引申)e.g.Duringthemeetinge.g.UlyssesGrantonceexplainedhismilitarysuccessbywritiisIthinkIamaverb,instead我認為自己是個動詞(獨立而富于行動);而不是個人稱代詞(從屬而被動)?！眅.g.Really,though,theit,whatasuitofclothingcosts,howlongyoucankeepthebutcherFindthedifferentmeaningofthesingleformandpluralfcord(細)繩proceeds(貨款)收益，收入refreshments茶點，點心#TitleofLesson:Converting#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(401.Nounsderivedfromverbs(動詞派3.Nounswithsuffix“-er”donotalwayprofession;sometimestheyembodyaverbalsenseinstead.Thesenouns4.Nounsastheprinciplepartofafixedexpression(作為習語主體的名aware,careful,cautious,certain,concerned,confident,deignorant,glad,gratefuA.VerbsConvertedinte.g.Thedesignaimsatautomaticope形式)A.NounsConvertedintoAdjectolloquiaf4.Traditionally,therehadalwaysbeengoodrelationsbetweenthem.uldsendthememorif6.Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbe2.詩的語言雖很通俗，但對人的感情的揭示/理解卻有深度。(a.→n.)3.有獨立見解的觀察家們對你們在這方面取得的成就給予了積極的評價。4.他們之間一直保持著傳統(tǒng)的友好關系。(ad5.難怪老一輩的人見了這個就會想起36年前的往事。(n.→v.)8.年輕的學者吃著簡單的飯食，住在寒冷的茅屋，靠著昏暗的燈光，長時間9.她輕盈地越過草地，跑上小道，跨上臺階，穿過涼臺，走進了門廊。Itis,perhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereexceptionallyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfcareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusinventionsthathebareRenaissanceidealofthe“universalman”,themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofnarrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisvenerated;theversatileperson,farworldofhighly-skilled“experts”whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompeteWiththishighdegreeofspecialization,thebeingpushedbackmorerapidlythaneverbefore.withoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthatspecializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverytheyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whyimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlytheevenhere,asoneofitsFellowsputit,atalectureunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!多面手非但不受人欽佩，反而常常遭到懷疑。當今的世界是精通專業(yè)的“專家”呢?是在這里舉辦一次講座，也只有10%的會員能夠聽懂其中50%的內(nèi)容!#TitleofLesson:Adding#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Addingwordswhichindicatetheplura5.Addingwordswhichsuggestthetextual/socialc2.AddingwordswhichindicatethetenseII.Abriefintroductionofaddinge.g.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ore.g.Afterthebanquets,thece.g.I'mreallybusythismorning:2classes,ameeting,V.Addingadverbs—人群漸漸地散去了?！鸫埠笏y道不洗漱(洗臉刷牙)嗎?e.g.Dayafterdayshedoesthesame:washfe.g.Heallowedthefathertobeoverrue.g.Flowersbloominthefields.一朵朵鮮花開滿原野。 千山，千難萬險)等；還有些詞，如、群、眾、歷、叢等也表示數(shù)量X.Addingauxiliarywordswhichindicateth—不要當真嘛!我不過是跟你開玩笑罷了。—這是你的書嗎?一是我的?！猋es,ofcourseIdo.一什么?難道你不愛他?—我當然愛他!exactman...”e.g.InApril,therewasthe“p“ponged”.e.g.TheforeignministersofChin—中、俄、日、美四國外長在東京會晤。e.g.Chinaiswillie.g.Yes,helikesfootball.Lotsofpeopledothesedays.A.PresentationTask:translatethefollo2.Airpressuredecreaseswithaltitu4.Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreate6.Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardi7.Hebecomesextrememountains,waters,flowers,plants,fishesandbirds.B.Translatethefollowingpassages:yourfaithfulfriend,thefriendfromwhomyonothing!Youwere,intruth,somewhatinclinedtohidefromhimtheparticularmatterwhichmonopolizthedomainofliterature.象(提示),僅此而已(再多就辦不到了)。我就試著給大家提供這么一個印#TitleofLesson:Cutting#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40e.g.Butit'sthewayIam,andtryasImighte.g.Fortwoweeks,hehadbeen—瑞士的氣候與索馬里截然不同。E.Cutting“it”A)Cutting“it”asimpersonalpronoun—她關門時外面正下著滂沱大雨。一直到那時我才開始懷疑，我的經(jīng)歷究竟能不能公諸于眾。thustooleaky,toomanypeoplewhotalkedtoomuch.A)省略表示原因的連接詞—我們看見一只燕子，知道夏天就要來臨了。e.g.Becausethedeparturewasnoteasy,we'dbettermakeitbrief. 離別不是件容易的事(離別真叫人難受),我們還是簡短些吧。B)省略表示條件的連接詞—冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎?(雪萊《西風頌》)—早知如此我就不說了。C)省略表示時間的連接詞一最后他站到了懸崖上，轉(zhuǎn)過身來，悲哀地看著他的小妹妹。e.g.Atlonglast,onJune6,1944,aftertheEuropeanwarwasbasicallydecidedandHitlerlicked,theallieslaunchedtheirl—1944年6月6日，歐洲戰(zhàn)局基本已見分曉，希特勒敗局已定，—夜晚11點，戰(zhàn)役打響了。(比較：戰(zhàn)役在夜晚11點打響。)—氣壓低，沸點就低。nf他妹妹是個(女)演員。thosewhohadnot.—報考大學的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的將優(yōu)先錄取。plentyoffoodanddrinkandalltheworkdoneforthembasHumboldtwasconcerned,theyonlydidhimoneposititookhislettersandsawthatthey3.Despitetheprivation,andthemountingtollofdeadandwouremainedintact,andpeopl4.Shecurtseyedagain,andwouldhaveblusheddeeper,ifshecouldhaveblusheddeeperthanshehadblushedallthe6.Thesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritoripopulationandaboundinnaturalresour7.TheministerwishednoWhoeverhasmadeavoyageuptheHudsonmustrememberthekaatskillsurroundingcountry.Everychangeofseason,everychanghouroftheday,producessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapesofmountains,andtheyareregardedbyallthegoodwivesfarandprinttheirboldoutlinesontheclearefthelandscapeiscloudless,theywillgatherahoodofwhich,inthelastraysofthesettingsun,willglowandlightuplikeAtthefootofthesefairymountains,thevoyagsmokecurlingupfromavillagewhosesingle-roofsgleamamongththebluetintsoftheuplandmeltawayintothefreshgreenofthenearerlandscape.Itisalittlevillageofgreatanintheearlytimesoftheprovince,justaboutthebeginningofthegovernmentoftheoodPeterStuyvesant(mayherestinftheoriginalsettlersstandingwfromHolland,havinglatticedwindows1.然而洪保德決不喜歡他們——他們生活奢華，大吃大喝，而且事無巨細全2.他們進屋用餐。美酒佳肴不久就發(fā)生了作用，他們的交談不僅沒有惡言惡3.盡管物資匱乏，傷亡增加，但士氣并未受到影響，街上的人照常會面帶笑4.她又行了一個屈膝禮，要不是她的臉一直都紅得那么厲害，這會兒說不定5.在新大陸生活了十年之后，歐洲移民已經(jīng)適應了這里的水土、氣候和季節(jié)6.這些發(fā)展中國家地大物博，人口眾多。的，格子窗，人字門墻(正面是山形墻),屋頂裝著風向標(風信雞)。在這些神奇的從山腳下，航行的旅客有時會看見輕煙從一座村落里裊裊而1彼得·斯圖佛遜(1592?-1672),荷蘭殖民統(tǒng)治者，他是新尼德蘭的最后一任荷蘭總督(1646-1664年),因其苛政而不受人們歡迎，終于1664年被迫將該殖民地拱手讓給英國。2彼得·斯太弗山特(1062-1682),荷蘭人，曾任荷蘭統(tǒng)治下的新尼德蘭(紐約舊名)最后一任總督。#TitleofLesson:RepeatingIntroducetothestudentsoneofthetranslatingmethods:repeating.#DifficultTeachingThetranslationof“nI.Forthesakeofexplicitness有些詞在英語中無需重復，可是譯成漢語就必須e.g.Gas,oilandelectricfurnacesarA.RepetitionofNoun英語第二次提到講過的事物時習慣用代替詞表示替代，漢語則重復e.g.JackkickedtheballtoHenryandHenrykickeditbacktoJack. 杰克把球踢給亨利，亨利又(把球)踢回給杰克。neitherignorenorundeimmeasurablydistantorn—有一個聲音響了起來，刺穿了他對親人的思念。這聲音他既不能充耳不聞，又不能領會.....他不知這聲音是什么,到底來自e.g.OurlabisinBuildingFouran—我們的實驗室在四號樓，他們的實驗室在主樓。e.g.Myroomislightert—我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。e.g.ThebestwatchesarethosemadeinSwitzerland.—最好的表是e.g.Respectfortheviewe.g.Discounthousesdonotofferthesamee.g.“Ithoughttheactingwassplendid.”“SodidI” e.g.Doctorswillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutof100ordinary—醫(yī)生們從我一個人身上得到的臨床經(jīng)驗會比從一百個普通病B.RepetitionofVerbe.g.Theytalkedaboutabouthisfamily,abouth—他們談到他的家庭，(談到)他的工作，還談到他的前程。C.RepetitionofPronoun—你什么時候有空，就什么時候過來聊聊。*英語中常用some...ande.g.OnSundays,some—星期天，有的復習功課，有的去逛街。(星期天，復習功課的othersjoinedthearmyandIbecameateacherinmyvillage.—1974年，我們高中畢業(yè)。有的上大學去了，有的參軍了，我則A.英文中有重復的詞，譯文也重復同樣的詞—先生們盡管高喊和平，和平，但是依然沒有和平。closertovictory.”—“我們一天天逼近巴格達，我們一天天接近勝利。”e.g.Bloodmustatoneforblood.—血債要用血來還。e.g.Prominentamongthemostprominentuponthemostprominentbookshelf—在最顯眼的書架上最顯眼的書籍中最顯眼的要數(shù)12卷的不列顛百B.英文中有重復的詞，譯文則使用不同的重復詞e.g.Shewouldreadandre-readtheletter.—她會把那封信一遍又一遍地e.g.Theirbusinesswasontheup-and-up.—他們的生意蒸蒸日上/越做越大/越做越紅火。A.運用疊詞疊詞，特別是四字重疊詞組，使譯文生動、通順。—我的回答是坦坦蕩蕩，直言不諱的。e.g.Hischildrenwereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.—他的孩子穿得破破爛爛，粗野不堪，就象沒有父母似的。B.運用對仗e.g.Eyeforeye,toothfortooth.—以眼還眼，以牙還牙。e.g.Outofsight,outofmind.—眼不見，心不念。C.運用四字對偶詞組e.g.greatcontributions豐功偉績gratitude感恩戴德I.PresentationtaskparticularoftheGenevaConvention.2.Watercanbedecomposedby5.Thespaceprobepassedwitheearthsomepicturesofthesurfaceofthatplanet.Inthebeginning,SanfordCarterwasatwoandahalfyearsCarterhadbeeninthearmyhehadcometohatecoenormoussandwichinonehand,andabottleofbeerintheothecasualheavythumpoftheservingspoonintohisplate,ortheresentfulconvictionthmarriage,thisrageoverapparentlyharmlessdetailswasnotasignofunbalance.Everysoldierfoundsomeparticularhabitofthearmyspouseimpo4.現(xiàn)在，雷達是一種常用的東西，利用雷達可以5.太空探測器在不到六千英里處飛過了火星，并把火星表面的一些照片發(fā)6.約翰是地地道道的英國人(約翰比英國人還象英國人)。7.那家伙壞得不能再壞了(壞透了)。8.書有種種，好壞不一。II.ParagraphTrans和特權的象征。一想到炊事兵，腦子里就浮現(xiàn)出一個(腦子里浮現(xiàn)出來的炊事兵形象是個)肥頭大耳的家伙，一手拿一大塊三明治，一手拎一瓶啤酒，豬似的肥幫家伙，我可沒那么多閑工夫!(利索點，小子，我可不想整天都耗在這兒!)”跡象，每個士兵都會在部隊這個配偶(這另一半)身上發(fā)現(xiàn)某種叫人難以忍受的#TitleofLesson:Negating#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40I.AffirmativeinEngle.g.Suchachancewasdenied(to)me.(v.)—我沒有得到這樣一e.g.Thefirstbombsmissedthetarget.(v.)—第一批炸彈沒有擊e.g.Timeiswhatwewantmost,what,alas,manyuseworst.(ad.)e.g.Theplanisnotfinal.(a.)—這計劃并不是不可改e.g.Whatyou'vesaidisaboveme.(prep.)相對)—證據(jù)確鑿，不容置疑。careofitself.e.g.Themothergentlye.g.Hitler'sundisguisedefforttopersecutetheJewsmetwithworld-wide—他本能地討厭那女人。e.g.Students,withnoexception,aree.g.Suddenlyheheardasoundbehindhim,andrealizedhewasnotalonee.g.InevergopastthehoIII.Affirmative/Negae.g.Ifrichnessneedsgiftswithwhicheveryoneisfpopulation,whichmea—可是你瞧，我們不能兩個人—你盡可以馬上離開，我才不1.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidedtheveryattem2.Itwillgenerallybefoundthatthemenwhoarehabituallybehin3.Travelingfivehundredmilesbycarwi4.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadme7.Whenwereadwemayvisitthemostbeautifulp8.Thethoughtofreturningtohisnativelandneverdesertedhim.9.Italsoincludesalotof#TitleofLesson:Dividing&Combining#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40e.g.ChairmanMaomighthavespokenwithunderspolicyof“self-reliance”.B.Phrase→Clausee.g.AnotherGulfWarintheregionwouldclearlymaketheinternationale.g.Thecookturnedpalewithfear,andimmediatelyase.g.Shewasborninaverysmalltown.Thetownisie.g.InthespiritoffranknesswhichIhopewillcharacterizeourtalksthispassengerstotheirdeaths,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfil—白星公司的郵輪泰坦尼克號在1912年的處女航中因撞上冰山而searchofwork,anywork,underanycondition,thatwouldkeepthemstreets.Weforgethowfrequently—忽然他發(fā)現(xiàn)女主人露出一種奇怪的表情(臉色異常),兩眼直愣MorenationshavethetechnicalabilitytoproduceadvanaboutthenegotiationsforaLawoftheSeatreaty,whichcamwantedhimshotasaYankeespy,but3.WereceivedthetrophyfromthehandsofthePresidentoftheRepublicofconstantbeatofasambabandmixingwiththemostenthusiasticovatio4.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,whowaspossessedofademoniacpersonality,agranitewill,uncannyinstinsoaringimaginationand-untiltowardtheend,whendrusuccess,beoverreachedhimself-anamazingcapacity#TitleofLesson:Cohesion#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40Brieflyintroducethemeansofachievingthecohesion(orstrucunityratherthanacasualcombinationofsentences.Inordertoaconsiderationtothecoherenceofthewholetext,fiI.LinkingbylexicalmeansInasmooth,coherentsynonymous,antonymodividedbyHolidayandHassawnintotwokinds:collocation(同現(xiàn)關系)andreiteration(復現(xiàn)關系).ThetranslatormustchoosetheproperwordintranslationA.Collocation(同現(xiàn)關系)e.g.CaptainWeston,whohadbeenconsidered,especiallybofthebargain,forwhenhiswifedied,afterathre 破了這一串詞匯鏈在語義上的前后聯(lián)系，從而使譯文出現(xiàn)了上下文脫節(jié)的現(xiàn)象。此外，makeamatch這個說法主要是從一方的角度而言(例如makeagoodmatch應理解為“找到好對象”),這與全篇的主語CaptainWeston相呼應；而婚姻這個詞的內(nèi)涵往往涉及到夫妻B.Reiteration(復現(xiàn)關系)Reiterationmeansthattachievedbyrepeatingacertainword/expressionorusinge.g.Duringalltheyearsofmylife,untilthatmoment,Ihadcarriedthemenacing,thehostilekillingworldwithmeeverywhere.Nomatterw—我活到那么大，可是我無論去什么地方，這個咄咄逼人、生殺予奪的世界始終糾纏著我。我干什么事，說什么話，轉(zhuǎn)什么念頭，總詞復現(xiàn)(它、天下),如此處理淡化了world的復現(xiàn)鏈接，這樣一—活到那么大，無論去什么地方，這個滿懷惡意、咄咄逼人的世界始終糾纏著我。不管我做什么、說什么、想什么,總得睜著一只眼睛提防這個世界這個我剛學會說自己的名字就不再信任的II.LinkingbygrammaticalmeansThesentencescanalsobeknittedintoaninsuchascorresponding,omItshouldbenotedthatthetranslatormustalsotakeintocolinguistichabitsofthetargetlanguageinadditiontothecluese.g.IreadhisProgressandPoverty,andwendrawingaredherringacrosscontemptuouslydismissedasanovicewhohadnotreadIpromptlyreadit,andreturnedtoannouncemycompleteconversionbyiImmediatelycontemptchangedtoawe;forHyndman'sdiscipleshadnversionintheBritishMuseumreadingroom,mydailyresort.—我看了他的《進步與貧窮》,又去參加海德門的馬克思主義組了喬治開辟的道路。他們輕蔑地駁回了我的意見，Marx'sCapital—it—it—thebook—it,翻譯時，譯者按照漢語的銜它——這本書——這本書?？梢?，英語中以指代銜接為特征的人稱對—人不能只從講解中學會發(fā)聲，也不能光靠看說明而真正體會出某種滋味來：聲音必須耳聞，顏色必須目見，滋味必須口嘗，氣味必須吸講評：原文為了簡潔，一連省略了三個must,讀來節(jié)奏緊湊，一氣呵成。譯過，氣味必須聞到過。”I.Translationofsentenaspiringtofreedomandjustice.2.Historianshavecpunitivelawsdesignedasmuchtoprovidecheaplabo1.WhenSmithwasmorning,withaheadache,hewouldrailattheworldforireason,thefools,hisbrodeathresults,wecallthedeedman-slaughter;whentheassailsocietyplaceshundredsofviolenceasthatbytheswordorbullet;wheninecessariesoflife,plthousandsofvictimsmustperish,andyetpermitstheseconditionstorfthevictimseemsanaturalone,sincetheoffenceismoreonethatofcommission.(Butmurderitremains.)1.他們知道，他們參加的運動正撼動著整個世界，并把渴望自由和正義的#TitleofLesson:CoherenceWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)Brieflyintroducethemeansofachievingthecoherenceofthetranslatedversion.2)Rearrangementofinformation;#DifficultTeaching2)Transferofintentiondiscourse,whichisoftenrealizedbytheconsistentthemesofcoherence,thereasonablearrangementofinformationandtheperceptionoftheintentionofthediscoI.MarksofCoherence(連貫標記)連貫標記指借助一些詞匯的手段來幫助語篇恰當?shù)剡B成一體，以實現(xiàn)其e.g.Hefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoputtingwhattheyhadbeentaughtintopractice,hesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocthescopeofbasictextbooks.然而現(xiàn)在，面對著大量未曾接觸過的英語詞匯和用法，他們卻躊躇起來，面的定語從句中謂語動詞則均為過去時態(tài)。整個去與現(xiàn)在層次明晰，前后意義連貫。由于漢語無法通過動詞的屈折來表達時IⅡ.Re-arrangementofinformation(信息重組)這和依賴銜接手段來實現(xiàn)語意連貫的英語語篇有availableeverywherecalcinationoflimestonewidelypresentinnature.譯1:塑料是由無處不在、取之不絕的自然資源——水，通過自動化或機械譯2:塑料由水、煤和石灰制造而成。水是無處不在、取之不盡的自然資源；原文句子主干部分用了三個并列的介詞賓語，且每個賓語都另用了一個定語從句加以修飾，這是英語形合語言中相當常見的表述方式。譯文1依葫原文語義上的連貫大打折扣。如果將信息重組一下，先概括主旨，再通過關鍵詞復現(xiàn)來銜接語篇，并對各關鍵詞進行一一分述，整個譯文的結構就會嚴e.g.Theboysdressedthemselves,hidtcouldclaimtohavedonetocom譯1:兩個孩子穿上衣服，藏好裝備，離開了樹林，惋惜現(xiàn)在沒有綠林好漢譯2:(兩個)孩子穿上衣服，藏好裝備，懷著悲傷和疑惑的心情離開了(樹譯文1完全照搬了原文的連貫結構，但原文的邏輯層次和脈絡顯然沒有Basicallyspeaking,thecoherenceofadiscourseliesinthecontinuanceofthemeaning,whichembodiestheintentionorpurposeofthespeamaintainitscoherenceandlogicwithouttheproperunderstandingandtransferof體現(xiàn)。漢譯時，對原文作者意向性的感知，是保證(DeathofaSalesmanbyArthurMiller)查理(收起牌，朝門口走):好吧!下次我?guī)б桓队形鍙圓的牌來。*(這句話的譯法個人認為與原意不符，不如直譯為“我才不打那種牌查理(轉(zhuǎn)身面對他):你不怕害臊!*(這句話譯為：你也不害臊!/你害不害臊!/你怎么不知道害臊!似威利(朝著他的后影摔上門):沒知識!greatestburstofenergyreleasedonebrokenhisbondsandbroughtanewfiredowntoearth2.Thechessboardistheworld,thepiec3.Britishnewspapers-allofthemsomeofthetime,andstime-behavebadlhurtfullyintopeople'sprivacy;andtheypublishinaccurate,sommade-upstories.Thevictimshav#TitleofLesson:DiscourseTranslation#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40BrieflyintroducetheprocessofdiscoursetranslatiIⅡ.ProceduresofTranslationII.StepsofTranslatione.g.Returning,then,totheconsiderationofthequestion,fromwhichImseemtohavedigressobjectis,notscience,art,profnarroworfantastictype,as,forinstance,thatofe.g.Hehasnoopinion;hejusttakeshiscolorfromthecompanyheisin.(人云亦云)2)Whetherthestylisticformistruly他比(班上其他任何一個同學)班上的同學都高e.g.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringB.Impropercollocation搭配不當thenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetstheiroldcliché-riddenimageofthatperio...當年那種陳腐的舊形象與它們現(xiàn)時的情況已(對不上號)不可e.g.-Itappearsthatyou'vegottheofferofaverygoodjob.-Awonderfuljob.e.g.HewasabouttoleavewhenhenfPalaceatFourA.M.,isasculpturalconstructionconsistingofTitleofLesson:TranslationofLoanwordsandTrademarksWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)BrieflyintroducethemethodsoftranslatingEnglishloanwordsandtrademarks.2)Translationoftrademarks#DifficultTeaching2)TheprinciplesandmethodsoftranslatingtrademarThismethodisgenerallywhichhavenoequivalentinChinese,forexample,ncigar雪茄chocolate巧克力Gorge喬治whiskey威士忌model模特Principlesoftransliteration:AvoidwordsthatmayleadtowrongimcommendatoryorderogAvoidusinguncommonwThetranslationoffemalenamesshouldemployfemininewords.Thismethodisavailablewhentranslatingnmeanings,forexample,namesofnewspapers,magazineWhiteHouse白宮horsepower馬力CapeofGoodHope好望角sonar聲納(聲波定位儀)copy拷貝(復制)C.CombinationofTrane.g.OKXOWCa.m.highE.AdditionofExplanatoryWordAddawordortwotothetransliteration/freetranslationtogiinformationoftheobject,esp.ofitskind.cocktail雞尾酒III.TranslationofTrademarks(商標的翻譯)大家所熟悉的美國運動系列商品Nike。讀音為['naiki:],本意是希臘A.SkillsoftranslatingtrademarksChinesetrademarksaretraditionallycomposedoftwoorthreewords.Therefore,someunimportantsoundsareoftenomitUseotherwordstoshowthecommodity'sproe.g.Colgate,Safeguard,Dove,Pa**Principlesoftransliteration:Ford福特Motorola摩托羅拉Xrox施樂Malboro萬寶路