2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)36地球與宇宙奧秘探索課時提能練含解析

PAGE課時提能練(三十六)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·福建龍巖質(zhì)檢，D)Pachyrhynchusweevils(球背象鼻蟲)arefoundonmostislandsintheeasternPacificOcean.Theseweevilscouldnotfly.Whyaretheysowidespread?Wen-SanHuangoftheNationalMuseumofNaturalScienceinTaiwanthinkshehastheanswer.Onetheory,whichdatesbackto1923,isthatthebeetlesdriftfromplacetoplacebyatinyaircavitybeneathitsoutershell,whichallowstheinsectstofloat.DrHuangbeganhisresearchintotheweevilsanddiscoveredthatthebeetlesdofloat.Buthealsoreportsfloatinginseawaterdoesnotdothemmuchgood.All57adultshetrieditwithdiedwithintwodays.Clearly,adultweevilsarenotgoodsailors.Pachyrhynchusweevilslovelayingtheireggsinsidethefruitofaplantcalledthefish-poisontree.Thisreproducesinawaythatremindsusofcoconutpalms.Itdropsitsfruitsintotheocean,whichcarriesthemawaytogerminate(發(fā)芽)ondistantbeaches.Coconutsareprotectedfrombeingeatenontheirtravelsbyhavingahard,thickshell.Fish-poison-treefruitsarealsoprotectedfromhungryseacreatures.Butintheircase,astheirnamesuggests,theprotectionisachemical.Giventherelationshipbetweenweevilsandplants,DrHuangwonderedhowbeetlelarvae(幼蟲)wouldfareiftheyweredeepinsideapieceoffruitfloatinginseawater.Sohetestedthisaswell.Hisexperimentsuggestedthatsuchlarvaearetolerantofsaline(含鹽的)conditions.Specifically,of18grubs(蛆)thrownintoseawaterinsideapieceoffruit,twosurvivedforsixdays.Moreover,theselarvaewentontodevelopintohealthy，sexuallymatureadults.SoDrHuangarguesthatsuchnumberswouldeasilysupporttheimmigrationofweevilsintotheislands.HealsoobservesthattheKuroshioCurrent,whichcarrieswaterfromthePhilippines,pastJapanandonwardsintothePacific,movessoswiftlythatapieceoffruitcaughtinitcouldeasilytravel90kminaday,enablingtheflightlessbeetletocoverthedistanceof400kmbetweentheislandseffectively.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。在東太平洋的大部分島嶼中都發(fā)覺了球背象鼻蟲。假如這些象鼻蟲會飛的話，也不稀奇。但是它們卻不會飛。臺灣自然科學(xué)博物館的黃文山認為，他已解開了這個謎團。1．WhatdidWen-SanHuangfindinhisresearch?A．Theoldtheoryaccountsforweevils.B．Adultweevilsaregoodatfloating.C．Fish-poison-treefruitsprotectweevils.D．Theweevilscrosstheislandsinaday.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：黃文山在他的探討中發(fā)覺了什么？依據(jù)第四段第一句(球背象鼻蟲喜愛把它們的卵產(chǎn)在一種植物的果實中，這種植物被稱為魚毒樹。)和第五、六句(魚毒樹的果實也受到了愛護，不會被饑餓的海洋生物吃掉。但是正如它們的名字一樣，愛護它們的是一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)。)可知答案為C項(魚毒樹愛護了球背象鼻蟲)。]2．Whatcantheunderlinedword“fare”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Survive. B．Travel.C．Grow. D．Float.A[詞義揣測題。本題題干意為：第五段中的畫線詞“fare”的意思可能是什么？依據(jù)第六、七段尤其是第七段中的“survived”可知答案。]3．Howdoweevilssucceedinimmigratingbetweentheislands?A．Bytravellingwithseacreatures.B．Bywearingshellsforprotection.C．Bylayingeggsincoconutssinkingunderthesea.D．Bystayinginthefloatingfish-poison-treefruits.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：球背象鼻蟲是如何勝利地在島嶼間遷徙的？依據(jù)第四段第一句(球背象鼻蟲喜愛把它們的卵產(chǎn)在一種植物的果實中)可知答案為D項(通過待在漂移的魚毒樹的果實里)。]4．What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Tointroducetheresearchresult.B．Tocomparecoconutpalmsandweevils.C．Totellwhenweevilsimmigratetotheislands.D．TopraiseWen-SanHuangforhisresearch.A[推理推斷題。本題題干意為：作者寫本文的目的是什么？本文介紹的是黃文山對并不會飛行的球背象鼻蟲如何分布在很多島嶼所做的探討，故答案為A項(介紹探討結(jié)果)。]Ⅱ.完形填空(山東濟南外國語學(xué)校2025屆10月月考)ScientistsinNorwayhavesomegoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.Researchershavealreadyfoundevidencethatthedrinkorthebeanscanhelpwithweightloss，1one'sriskofdevelopingsomediseases,promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone'sriskofpremature(早于預(yù)期的)death,amongmanyother2.Nowitissaidthatacupof3reducesphysicalpain.Thesurprisingfindingis4astudyinvolving48volunteerswhoagreedtospend90minutesperformingcomputertasksmeanttofinishofficework.Thetaskswereknownto5painintheshoulders,neck,forearmsandwrists.Theresearcherswantedto6howpeoplewithpainandthosewhowerepain-freetolerated(忍受)thepainofsuchtasks.Asamatterofconvenience,thescientistsallowedpeopletodrinkcoffeebeforetakingthetest“toavoid7effectsofcaffeinelack,e．g.decreasedvigor,sleepiness,andexhaustion.”theyreported.Whenitcametimetoanalyzethedata,theresearchersfromNorway'sNationalInstituteofOccupationalHealthandOsloUniversityHospitalnoticedthatthe19peoplewhodrankcoffeereporteda8intensity(強度)ofpainthanthe29peoplewhodidn't.Intheshouldersandneck,9theaveragepainwasrated41(ona100-pointscale)amongthecoffeedrinkersand55forthenon-coffeedrinkers.Similargapswerefoundforallpainsitesmeasured,andcoffee'sobviouspain-reductioneffect10.However,theauthorsofthestudy,whichwaspublishedthisweekinthejournal,BMCResearchNotes,warnthattheresultsofthestudycomewithmany11.Forstarters,theresearchersdon'tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffeedrinkersconsumed(消耗)beforetakingthecomputertests.12，theydoubtwhetherthecoffeedrinkersandnon-coffeedrinkerswere13inallaspectsexceptfortheircoffeeconsumption.Problemslikethesetendto14theimportanceofthefindings.Butthosedoubtsare15【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。探討人員發(fā)覺咖啡這種飲料或咖啡豆有助于減肥，降低患某些疾病的風(fēng)險，促進肌肉生長，預(yù)防某些類型的癌癥，甚至可以降低過早死亡的風(fēng)險，還有很多其他好處。同時文章說明白這項探討的過程以及探討結(jié)果，然而這項探討的作者警告說探討仍有很多不確定性。1．A.take B．reduceC．increase D．faceB[結(jié)合下文“promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone'sriskofpremature(早于預(yù)期的)death”可知是這種飲料的優(yōu)點，故此處指削減患某些疾病的風(fēng)險。故選B。]2．A.trends B．a(chǎn)dviceC．benefits D．promotionsC[結(jié)合上文“promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone'sriskofpremature(早于預(yù)期的)death”可知是這種飲料的好處，故選C。]3．A.milk B．waterC．coke D．coffeeD[依據(jù)上文“ScientistsinNorwayhavesomegoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.”可知是咖啡。故選D。]4．A.basedon B．fondofC．differentfrom D．regardedasA[結(jié)合下文“astudyinvolving48volunteerswhoagreedtospend90minutesperformingcomputertasksmeanttofinishofficework.”可知此處指這項發(fā)覺是基于一項探討。故選A。]5．A.cause B．indicateC．ease D．relieveA[結(jié)合下文“painintheshoulders,neck,forearmsandwrists”可知這些任務(wù)會造成肩膀、頸項、前臂和手腕難受。故選A。]6．A.warn B．compareC．cure D．treatB[結(jié)合下文“howpeoplewithpainandthosewhowerepain-freetolerated(忍受)thepainofsuchtasks”可知是將有難受感的人和那些沒有難受感的人進行比較。故選B。]7．A.unpleasant B．modestC．significant D．positiveA[結(jié)合下文“decreasedvigor,sleepiness,andexhaustion”可知活力下降、嗜睡和乏累都是不良影響。unpleasanteffects“不良影響”。故選A。]8．A.lower B．higherC．shorter D．longerA[結(jié)合下文“averagepainwasrated41(ona100-pointscale)amongthecoffeedrinkersand55forthenon-coffeedrinkers”可知喝咖啡的19名受試者報告的難受強度低于不喝咖啡的29名受試者。故選A。]9．A.inaddition B．a(chǎn)saresultC．forexample D．inonewordC[結(jié)合上文可知測試的身體部位有肩膀、頸項、前臂和手腕，此處只列舉了肩部和頸部作為例子，故選C。]10．A.turnedup B．tookupC．putup D．gaveupA[結(jié)合上文可知測試中都表現(xiàn)出了咖啡的止痛效果，故選A。]11．A.satisfaction B．uncertaintiesC．a(chǎn)ttention D．responseB[結(jié)合下文“Forstarters,theresearchersdon'tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffeedrinkersconsumed(消耗)beforetakingthecomputertests.”可知探討人員不知道喝咖啡的人在接受電腦測試前喝了多少咖啡，故這項探討的結(jié)果存在很多不確定性。故選B。]12．A.Moreover B．HoweverC．Otherwise D．NeverthelessA[此處承接上文“Forstarters,theresearchersdon'tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffeedrinkersconsumed(消耗)beforetakingthecomputertests.”表示進一步說明，故選A。]13．A.guilty B．similarC．different D．properB[結(jié)合下文“inallaspectsexceptfortheircoffeeconsumption”可知喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相像對探討結(jié)果也會有影響。故選B。]14．A.realize B．observeC．measure D．weakenD[依據(jù)上文“Problemslikethesetendto”可知這些類似的問題往往會減弱探討結(jié)果的可信度，故選D。]15．A.unlikely B．orderlyC．jealous D．capableA[結(jié)合下文“troublethecoffeedrinkerslookingforanyreasonnottocutbackontheirdailycaffeinehabit”可知這些疑慮不太可能困擾那些找尋任何理由不削減日?？Х纫蛄?xí)慣的咖啡飲用者。故選A。]Ⅲ.語法填空(山東濟南外國語學(xué)校2025屆10月月考)OnOct.16,2024,oneofthetwoco-foundersofMicrosoft,PaulG.Allen,1.________(die)atage65fromcancer.When2.________comestoMicrosoft,thefirstpersonwethinkofwasBillGates,theotherco-founderofthefirm.3.________，Allenwasjustasimportanttothe4.________(create)ofthecompany.Allenwas,manypeoplesay,amuchquieterperson.Hewascontentwiththesciencesideofthings,whileGateshasthe5.________(good)headforbusiness.WhenthepairstartedMicrosoftinthemid-1970s,theyfocusedonthemicrocomputerindustry.Microcomputersweresmallcomputers6.________(design)tobeusedinthehome.7.________theylacked,though,wasanoperatingsystem,whichiswhereMicrosoftcamein.Thecompany'sbigbreakcamein1980,8.________MicrosoftcreatedtheMS-DOSoperatingsystem.LatercameWindows.AfterAllenpassedaway,BillGatesmadeastatement9.________(praise)Allen,“Eveninhighschool,beforemostpeopleknewwhatapersonalcomputerwas,Paulpredictedthatchipswouldgetsuper-powerfulandwould10.________(eventual)giverisetoawholenewindustry.”【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要悼念了過世的微軟創(chuàng)始人之一——PaulG.Allen，講解并描述了他和BillGates之間的創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)驗，同時提到了BillGates對他的贊許。1．died[考查時態(tài)。句意：2018年10月16日，微軟兩位聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人之一保羅·g·艾倫(PaulG.Allen)因癌癥去世，享年65歲。依據(jù)語境OnOct.16,2024可知，應(yīng)是一般過去時。故填died。]2．it[考查固定句式。句意：說到微軟，我們首先想到的是該公司的另一位聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨。whenitcomesto...為固定句式，意為“當(dāng)談及……”。故填it。]3．However[考查副詞。句意：然而，艾倫對公司的創(chuàng)立同樣重要。分析可知，本句與前一句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折副詞however。故填However。]4．creation[考查名詞。句意：然而，艾倫對公司的創(chuàng)立同樣重要。to為介詞之后應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填creation。]5．better[考查形容詞比較級。句意：他對科學(xué)方面的東西很滿足，而蓋茨更擅長商業(yè)。分析可知，本句中將Allen與Gates進行對比，前一句中的形容詞“quieter”暗指比較含義，因此所填空應(yīng)用比較級。故填better。]6．designed[考查非謂語。句意：微型計算機是設(shè)計用于家庭的小型計算機。分析可知，________(design)tobeusedinthehome應(yīng)是之前名詞smallcomputers的后置定語，動詞design與其之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。故填designed。]7．What[考查名詞性從句。句意：不過，他們?nèi)鄙俚氖且粋€操作系統(tǒng)，而這正是微軟的切入點。分析可知，________theylacked為主語從句，從句中動詞lacked缺少賓語，應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)詞what。故填What。]8．when[考查定語從句。句意：微軟的重大突破出現(xiàn)在1980年，當(dāng)時微軟開發(fā)了MS-DOS操作系統(tǒng)。分析可知，________MicrosoftcreatedtheMS-DOSoperatingsystem.LatercameWindows應(yīng)是之前時間名詞1980的定語從句，先行詞在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故填when。]9．topraise[考查動詞不定式。句意：艾倫去世后，比爾·蓋茨發(fā)表聲明贊揚了艾倫。分析可知，此空應(yīng)是動詞不定式表目的。故可填topraise。]10．eventually[考查副詞。句意：甚至在中學(xué)時，在大多數(shù)人還不知道個人電腦是什么之前，保羅就預(yù)言芯片將變得超級強大，并最終催生出一個全新的產(chǎn)業(yè)。分析可知，副詞修飾動詞短語“giveriseto”，在句中作狀語。故填eventually。]Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作(2024·山東省試驗中學(xué)高三一診)假定你是李華。上周日你校邀請本市志愿救濟武漢抗擊新冠病毒的劉醫(yī)生為全校師生做了一次演講，大家深受感動和鼓舞。請你就本次活動給校內(nèi)英語報寫一篇報道。內(nèi)容包括：1．活動時間和地點；2．活動內(nèi)容；3．活動的意義。留意：詞數(shù)80左右。參考詞匯：新冠病毒COVID-19________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】LastSunday,ourschoolheldameaningfulactivityatourschoollecturehall.Mr.Liu,adoctorfromourlocalhospitalwhovolunteeredtoWuhanthisspringtofightagainstCOVID-19,wasinvitedtodeliveraspeechforus.Alltheteachersandstudentsweredeeplymovedandinspiredbyhisheroicdeeds.Attheendofhisspeech,weshowedourrespectforMr.Liuwithapplause.Welearnedalotfromhimandmanystudentssaidthattheywantedtobeadoctorinthefuture.Ⅴ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergetic(充溢活力的)thewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthe