四川省綿陽(yáng)市涪城區(qū)綿陽(yáng)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月考英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)綿陽(yáng)中學(xué)高2022級(jí)高三上期第一學(xué)月月考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Repairingacomputer.B.Makingapayment.C.Requestingarefund.2.Whydoesthemancometothewoman?A.Toinvitehertodinner.B.Togiveherapresent.C.Toseeksomeadvice.3.Whatisthemangoingtodofirst?A.Makereservations.B.Checkwithhiswife.C.Workoutaplan.4.Whatisthewoman'sopiniononthenewbuilding?A.Unattractive.B.Pretty.C.Unique.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Salesmanandcustomer.B.Householderandrenter.C.Colleagues.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Theaccommodations.B.Thedestination.C.Theactivities.7.Whatistheman'sattitudetowardsthewoman'swords?A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.Unclear.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whenwillthepresentationtakeplace?A.Onthe15th.B.Onthe16th.C.Onthe22nd.9.HowcanwedescribeMr.Sadik?A.Bossy.B.Forgetful.C.Changeable.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10Whatwasthespeakers'originalplanfortheday?A.Attendingameeting.B.VisitingEthan'shouse.C.Watchingamovie.11.Whydidn'tEthananswerhiscellphone?A.Hehadanaccidentontheroad.B.Hedidnothaveitwithhim.C.Heleftitinthecar.12.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Completeherreport.BWorkovertimeattheoffice.C.EatatanewSpanishrestaurant.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Howdidthemanknowaboutthewoman?A.FromtheInternet.B.Fromhisparents.C.Fromhisfriend.14.WhydoesthewomanrecommendJackShin?A.Shehasatimeconflict.B.ShelivesfarfromHalifax.C.Shewantstohelpthemansavemoney.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutJackShin?A.Hischargesarelow.B.Hisscheduleisverytight.C.Hisstyleissimilartothewoman's.16.HowwillJackShinpresentthephotostothemanatfirst?A.Byuploadingthemonline.B.Byprintingthemout.C.Byexhibitingthem.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoprobablyarethelisteners?A.Companyemployees.B.Highschoolstudents.C.Universityseniors.18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutinterviewing?A.Itrequiresalittletalent.B.Itneedssomepractice.C.Itcanimproveskills.19.Whatisthespeaker'sfirstsuggestion?A.Beingconfident.B.Contactingpotentialemployers.C.Writingasolidrésumé.20.Whatdoesthespeakeraskthelistenerstotake?A.Alistofpossiblequestions.B.Anotebookwithinterviewskills.C.Anoverviewoftheirbackground.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）ABestBooksforCollegeAdmissionsCollegeadmissionsareusuallyacomplexprocess,withweightedGPAs,APscores,volunteerrequirements,andextracurricularactivities.These4booksarethebestguideswecanoffertohelpyouthinkthroughthiscomplexandexpensiveprocesswithyourteens.WhoGetsInandWhybyJeffSelingoBestsellingauthorandeducationjournalist,JeffSelingo,spentmonthsinthecollegeadmissionsdepartmentsofthreedifferentuniversities.Hegainedatrueinsider’sviewofwhatreallygoesonwhendecisionsaremadeaboutwhichstudentstoadmit,andwhichonestodeny.Thisinsightfulbookoffersfamiliesguidanceonhelpingtheirteensdiscoverthefitcollegeoneverylevel,includingfinancialmust-reads!CollegeEssayEssentialsbyEthanSawyerThecollegeapplicationessayisthemostdifficultpartoftheapplicationprocessformanystudents.EthanSawyerisheretohelpwithhiscomprehensiveguidetowritingthecollegeessay.Filledwithtips,exercisesandessaysfromstudentswhogainedadmissiontotheirtopchoiceschools,thisbookwilltakethestingoutoftheessay-writingprocessforyourteenandyou!TheTruthaboutCollegeAdmissionbyRickClarkandBrennanBarnardRickClarkhaswrittenthisexcellentguide,offeringfamiliesachancetolearnhowadmissionsofficersthinkaboutthecollegeapplicationprocess.Writtenwithco-authorBrennanBarnard,DirectorofCollegeCounselingatTheDerryfieldSchool,thisistheadmissionsguidebookforfamiliesthatwilltakethemthroughtheentirecollegeadmissionsprocess.TheCollegeConversationbyEricJ.FurdaandJacquesSteinbergEricJ.Furda,DeanofAdmissionsattheUniversityofPennsylvania,andbestsellingauthorJacquesSteinberg,provideguidanceforparentsaboutthecrucialconversationstheyneedtohavewiththeircollege-boundteens.1.WhatdoWhoGetsInandWhyandTheTruthaboutCollegeAdmissionhaveincommon?A.Theyarebothbestsellersoftheyear. B.Theyareboththeresultoftwoauthors.C.Theycenterontheadmissionsmatter. D.Theyshareadmissionsofficers’opinions.2.Whichbookmightyouturntowhenyouhavedifficultywiththeapplicationletter?A.WhoGetsInandWhy. B.CollegeEssayEssentials.C.TheTruthaboutCollegeAdmission. D.TheCollegeConversation.3.Whoisthetextmostlyintendedfor?A.Highschoolstudents. B.Educationalexperts.C.Collegeadmissionsofficers. D.Parentsofpre-collegestudents.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是四本關(guān)于大學(xué)錄取的書籍的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhoGetsInandWhybyJeffSelingo部分“Hegainedatrueinsider’sviewofwhatreallygoesonwhendecisionsaremadeaboutwhichstudentstoadmit,andwhichonestodeny.(在決定錄取哪些學(xué)生、拒絕哪些學(xué)生時(shí)，他獲得了一個(gè)真正的局內(nèi)人的視角。)”和TheTruthaboutCollegeAdmissionbyRickClarkandBrennanBarnard部分的“RickClarkhaswrittenthisexcellentguide,offeringfamiliesachancetolearnhowadmissionsofficersthinkaboutthecollegeapplicationprocess.(RickClark撰寫了這本優(yōu)秀的指南，為家庭提供了一個(gè)了解招生官員如何看待大學(xué)申請(qǐng)過(guò)程的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，WhoGetsInandWhy和TheTruthaboutCollegeAdmission這兩本書的共同之處在于它們集中在招生問(wèn)題上。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CollegeEssayEssentialsbyEthanSawyer部分“Thecollegeapplicationessayisthemostdifficultpartoftheapplicationprocessformanystudents.EthanSawyerisheretohelpwithhiscomprehensiveguidetowritingthecollegeessay.(對(duì)許多學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，大學(xué)申請(qǐng)論文是申請(qǐng)過(guò)程中最困難的部分。EthanSawyer在這里為你提供寫大學(xué)論文的綜合指南。)”可知，當(dāng)你寫申請(qǐng)信有困難時(shí)，你會(huì)求助于CollegeEssayEssentials這本書。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“These4booksarethebestguideswecanoffertohelpyouthinkthroughthiscomplexandexpensiveprocesswithyourteens.(這4本書是我們能提供的最佳指南，可以幫助你和你的孩子一起思考這個(gè)復(fù)雜且昂貴的過(guò)程。)”可知，本文介紹的是四本書是幫助家長(zhǎng)和孩子了解這一復(fù)雜的招生錄取過(guò)程的，由此可知，本文是寫給即將進(jìn)入大學(xué)的孩子的家長(zhǎng)的。故選D項(xiàng)。BAsayounggirlgrowingupinFrance,SarahToumidreamedofbecomingaleaderwhocouldmaketheworldabetterplace.Herpassiontohelpotherswasawakenedwhen,fromtheageofnine,sheaccompaniedherTunisianfathertohisbirthplaceintheeastofthecountryduringholidays.Theresheorganizedhomeworkclubsandactivitiesforchildren.Toumiwitnessedfirst-handthedestructiveeffectofdesertification(沙漠化).“Within10yearsrichfarmersbecameworseoff,andin10yearsfromnowtheywillbepoor.IwantedtostoptheSaharaDesertinitstracks.”Adecreaseinaveragerainfallandanincreaseintheseverityofdroughtshaveledtoanestimated75percentofTunisia’sagriculturallandsbeingthreatenedbydesertification.Toumirecognizedthatfarmingpracticesneededtochange.Sheisconfidentthatsmalllandareascanbringlargereturnsiffarmersareabletoadaptbyplantingsustainablecrops,usingnewtechnologiesforwatertreatmentandfocusingonnaturalproductsandfertilizersratherthanchemicals.In2012,Toumiconsolidated(鞏固)herdreamoffightingthedesert.ShemovedtoTunisia,andsetupaprogrammenamedAcaciasforAlltoputhersustainablefarmingphilosophy(理念)intoaction.“Iwanttoshowyoungpeopleinruralareasthattheycancreateopportunitieswheretheyare.Nobodyisbetterabletounderstandtheimpactofdesertificationandclimatechangethansomebodywhoislivingwithnoaccesstowater.”BySeptember2016,morethan130,000acaciatreeshadbeenplantedon20pilotfarms,withfarmersrecordinga60percentsurvivalrate.Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia’sfarmland.Sheexpectstoplant1milliontreesby2018.Inthenextcoupleofyears,ToumihopestoextendtheprogrammetoAlgeriaandMorocco.4.HowdidToumi’sholidaytripstoTunisiainfluenceher?A.Theymadeherdecidetoleavethecountry.B.Theyhelpedherbetterunderstandherfather.C.Theyarousedherenthusiasmforhelpingothers.D.Theydestroyedherdreamofbeingateacher.5.WhatisthemaincauseofthedesertificationofTunisia’sfarmland?A.Lowrainfall. B.Soilpollution. C.Coldweather. D.Forestdamage.6.WhydidToumisetupAcaciasforAllinTunisia?A.Tocreatejobopportunitiesforyoungpeople.B.Tohelpthechildrenobtainabasiceducation.C.Topersuadethefarmersnottousefertilizers.D.Topromotetheprotectionoftheirfarmland.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SavingWaterinTunisia B.HoldingbacktheSaharaC.PlantingTreesofNativeSpecies D.FightingPovertyinNorthAfrica【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了主人公圖米在假期陪伴父親回突尼斯東部的出生地后，激發(fā)了她要幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝说臒崆?，由此?chuàng)立了AcaciasforAll項(xiàng)目，種植金合歡樹，保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)田免遭撒哈拉沙漠吞噬，實(shí)踐其可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的理念?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Herpassiontohelpotherswasawakenedwhen,fromtheageofnine,sheaccompaniedherTunisianfathertohisbirthplaceintheeastofthecountryduringholidays.(從9歲起，她就開始在假期陪伴她來(lái)自于突尼斯的父親去突尼斯東部的出生地，這激發(fā)了她幫助他人的熱情。)”可知，圖米去突尼斯度假的經(jīng)歷喚醒了她幫助他人的熱情。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Adecreaseinaveragerainfallandanincreaseintheseverityofdroughtshaveledtoanestimated75percentofTunisia’sagriculturallandsbeingthreatenedbydesertification.(平均降雨量的減少和干旱嚴(yán)重程度的增加導(dǎo)致突尼斯大約75%的農(nóng)業(yè)土地受到沙漠化的威脅。)”可知，降雨量少是突尼斯農(nóng)田沙漠化的主要原因。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“ShemovedtoTunisia,andsetupaprogrammenamedAcaciasforAlltoputhersustainablefarmingphilosophy(理念)intoaction.(她搬到突尼斯，并建立了一個(gè)名為AcaciasforAll的項(xiàng)目，將她的可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)理念付諸行動(dòng)。)”，最后一段中“BySeptember2016,morethan130,000acaciatreeshadbeenplantedon20pilotfarms,withfarmersrecordinga60percentsurvivalrate.Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia’sfarmland.(截至2016年9月，在20個(gè)試點(diǎn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)種植了13萬(wàn)多棵金合歡樹，農(nóng)民記錄其成活率達(dá)到60%。圖米估計(jì)，為了保護(hù)突尼斯的農(nóng)田，大約需要300萬(wàn)棵金金合歡。)”可知，她創(chuàng)立AcaciasforAll項(xiàng)目的目的是保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)田。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其最后一段中“BySeptember2016,morethan130,000acaciatreeshadbeenplantedon20pilotfarms,withfarmersrecordinga60percentsurvivalrate.Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia’sfarmland.(截至2016年9月，在20個(gè)試點(diǎn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)種植了13萬(wàn)多棵金合歡樹，農(nóng)民記錄其成活率達(dá)到60%。圖米估計(jì)，為了保護(hù)突尼斯的農(nóng)田，大約需要300萬(wàn)棵金合槐。)”可知，文章講述的是主人公圖米在9歲時(shí)，在一次陪伴爸爸回突尼斯家鄉(xiāng)時(shí)激發(fā)了她要幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝说臒崆?，由此?chuàng)立了AcaciasforAll項(xiàng)目，種植金合歡樹，改善保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)田，堅(jiān)持與沙漠化作斗爭(zhēng)，實(shí)踐其可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的理念。B選項(xiàng)“HoldingbacktheSahara(阻擋撒哈拉沙漠)”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。CWithabrainthesizeofapinheadinsectspossessagreatsenseofdirection.Theymanagetolocatethemselvesandmovethroughsmallopenings.Howdotheydothiswiththeirlimitedbrainpower?Understandingtheinnerworkingsofaninsect’sbraincanhelpusinoursearchtowardsenergy-efficientcomputing,physicistElisabettaChiccaoftheUniversityofGroningenshowswithhermostrecentresult:arobotthatactslikeaninsect.It’snoteasytomakeuseoftheimagesthatcomeinthroughyoureyeswhendecidingwhatyourfeetorwingsshoulddo.Akeyaspecthereistheapparentmotionofthingsasyoumove.“Likewhenyou'reonatrain,”Chiccaexplains.“Thetreesnearbyappeartomovefasterthanthehousesfaraway.”Insectsusethisinformationtoinferhowfarawaythingsare.Thisworkswellwhenmovinginastraightline,butrealityisnotthatsimple.Tokeepthingsmanageablefortheirlimitedbrainpower,theyadjusttheirbehaviour:theyflyinastraightline,makeaturn,thenmakeanotherstraightline.Insearchoftheneuralmechanism(神經(jīng)機(jī)制)thatdrivesinsectbehaviour,PhDstudentThorbenSchoepedevelopedamodelofitsneuronalactivityandasmallrobotthatusesthismodeltofindtheposition.Hismodelisbasedononemainprinciple:alwaysheadtowardstheareawiththeleastapparentmotion.Hehadhisrobotdrivethroughalongpassageconsistingoftwowallsandtherobotcentredinthemiddleofthepassage,asinsectstendtodo.Inothervirtualenvironments,suchasaspacewithsmallopenings,hismodelalsoshowedsimilarbehaviourtoinsects.Thefactthatarobotcanfinditspositioninarealisticenvironmentisnotnew.Rather,themodelgivesinsightintohowinsectsdothejob,andhowtheymanagetodothingssoefficiently.Inasimilarway,youcouldmakecomputersmoreefficient.Inthefuture,Chiccahopestoapplythisspecificinsectbehaviourtoachipaswell.“Insteadofusingageneral-purposecomputerwithallitspossibilities,youcanbuildspecifichardware;atinychipthatdoesthejob,keepingthingsmuchsmallerandenergy-efficient.”Shecomments.8.Whyis“atrain”mentionedinParagraph2?A.Toillustratetheprincipleoftrainmotion. B.Tohighlightwhyhumanvisionislimited.C.Toexplainhowinsectsperceivedistances. D.Tocomparethemovementoftreesandhouses.9.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkaboutconcerningSchoepe’smodel?A.Itsnoveldesign. B.Itstheoreticalbasis.C.Itspossibleapplication. D.Itsworkingmechanism.10.Whatdotheresearchersthinkofthefinding?A.Amusing. B.Discouraging. C.Promising. D.Contradictory.11.WhatwillChicca’sfollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Inventinginsect-likechips. B.Studyinggeneral-purposerobots.C.Creatinginsect-inspiredcomputers. D.Developingenergy-efficienthardware.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了物理學(xué)家ElisabettaChicca的最新研究成果：一個(gè)模仿昆蟲行為的機(jī)器人，該機(jī)器人能夠幫助人們理解昆蟲大腦的運(yùn)作機(jī)制，并探討了這種機(jī)制在提高計(jì)算機(jī)能效方面的潛在應(yīng)用。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Akeyaspecthereistheapparentmotionofthingsasyoumove.“Likewhenyou'reonatrain,”Chiccaexplains.“Thetreesnearbyappeartomovefasterthanthehousesfaraway.”Insectsusethisinformationtoinferhowfarawaythingsare.(這里的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面是當(dāng)你移動(dòng)時(shí)物體的明顯運(yùn)動(dòng)?！熬拖衲阍诨疖嚿弦粯?，”Chicca解釋道?！案浇臉渌坪醣冗h(yuǎn)處的房子移動(dòng)得快?！崩ハx利用這些信息來(lái)推斷物體的距離)”可推知，本段提到火車是為了解釋昆蟲如何感知距離的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Insearchoftheneuralmechanism(神經(jīng)機(jī)制)thatdrivesinsectbehaviour,PhDstudentThorbenSchoepedevelopedamodelofitsneuronalactivityandasmallrobotthatusesthismodeltofindtheposition.Hismodelisbasedononemainprinciple:alwaysheadtowardstheareawiththeleastapparentmotion.Hehadhisrobotdrivethroughalongpassageconsistingoftwowallsandtherobotcentredinthemiddleofthepassage,asinsectstendtodo.Inothervirtualenvironments,suchasaspacewithsmallopenings,hismodelalsoshowedsimilarbehaviourtoinsects.(為了尋找驅(qū)動(dòng)昆蟲行為的神經(jīng)機(jī)制，博士生ThorbenSchoepe開發(fā)了一個(gè)昆蟲神經(jīng)活動(dòng)模型，并開發(fā)了一個(gè)小型機(jī)器人，利用這個(gè)模型來(lái)找到昆蟲的位置。他的模型基于一個(gè)主要原則：總是朝著運(yùn)動(dòng)最不明顯的區(qū)域前進(jìn)。他讓他的機(jī)器人穿過(guò)一條由兩堵墻組成的長(zhǎng)通道，機(jī)器人就像昆蟲一樣，站在通道的中間。在其他虛擬環(huán)境中，比如有小開口的空間，他的模型也表現(xiàn)出與昆蟲相似的行為)”可知，關(guān)于Schoepe的模型，本段主要討論了它的工作機(jī)制。故選D項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inasimilarway,youcouldmakecomputersmoreefficient.(同樣地，你可以使計(jì)算機(jī)更有效率)”以及最后一段“Inthefuture,Chiccahopestoapplythisspecificinsectbehaviourtoachipaswell.“Insteadofusingageneral-purposecomputerwithallitspossibilities,youcanbuildspecifichardware;atinychipthatdoesthejob,keepingthingsmuchsmallerandenergy-efficient.”Shecomments.(將來(lái)，Chicca希望將昆蟲的這種特殊行為也應(yīng)用到芯片上?！澳憧梢詷?gòu)建特定的硬件，而不是使用具有所有功能的通用計(jì)算機(jī)；一個(gè)微小的芯片就能完成這項(xiàng)工作，讓物體變得更小、更節(jié)能?！彼u(píng)論道)”可推知，研究人員認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以讓物體變得更小、更節(jié)能，所以是有前途的。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inthefuture,Chiccahopestoapplythisspecificinsectbehaviourtoachipaswell.“Insteadofusingageneral-purposecomputerwithallitspossibilities,youcanbuildspecifichardware;atinychipthatdoesthejob,keepingthingsmuchsmallerandenergy-efficient.”Shecomments.(將來(lái)，Chicca希望將昆蟲的這種特殊行為也應(yīng)用到芯片上。“你可以構(gòu)建特定的硬件，而不是使用具有所有功能的通用計(jì)算機(jī)；一個(gè)微小的芯片就能完成這項(xiàng)工作，讓物體變得更小、更節(jié)能?！彼u(píng)論道)”可推知，Chicca的后續(xù)研究重點(diǎn)是將昆蟲的這種特殊行為應(yīng)用到芯片上。故選A項(xiàng)。DWhilestressisanunavoidableaspectoflife,studiescontinuetoshowtoomuchstresscanhaveabadimpactonbothhealthandwell-being.Morespecifically,excessstresscanleadtohighbloodpressure,increasingheartdiseaserisk.Withallthatinmind,researchersfromtheUniversitiesofMaynoothandLimericksetouttobetterunderstandhowreactionstostressfuleventsimpactourfuturehealth,aswellasifthereareanyfactorsthatcanplaykeystress-buffering(緩解壓力)roles.Theresearchteamsuggeststhatpreviousresearchhasshownthatgratitudeandaffect-balance(balanceofpositivetonegativeemotions)playkeystress-bufferingroles.However,upuntilnowtherehavebeenfewstudiesexaminingtheimpactofthesevariablesoncardiovascular(心血管)recoveryfromseverepsychologicalstress.Researcherschosetofocusonthisconsideration,aswellaswhetherornotaffect-balancemoderatestherelationshipbetweengratitudeandcardiovascularreactionstoseverepsychologicalstress.TheactualresearchportionofthisprojecttookplaceatMaynoothUniversityandinvolvedatotalof68undergradstudents(24men,44women)betweentheagesof18and57.Theexperimentfeaturedlabtaskswhichcausedstressamongtheparticipants,whileresearchersmeasuredcardiovascularreactivityandrecoveryinresponsetothestress.Theensuingresultsrevealthatastateofgratitudepredictslowersystolic(收縮的)bloodpressureresponsesthroughoutthestress-testingperiod.Thismeans,researcherssay,thatgratitudepromotesauniquestress-bufferingeffectonbothreactionstoandrecoveryfromseverepsychologicalstress.Theteamalsofoundthataffect-balanceincreasestheeffectsofgratefulfeelings.Inconclusion,researchersbelievethesefindingsholdclinical(臨床的)usefulness.Therearemanylow-costwaystodevelopgratefulfeelingsthatcanhelppromoteimprovedwell-being.Forinstance,oneearlierstudyfoundcardiacpatientswhomakeuseofgratitudejournalshavebettercardiovascularoutcomesthanthosewhodonot.Thoseearlierprojects,incombinationwiththeselatestfindings,stronglysuggestthatgratitudeisausefultoolinthefightagainststressandpoorcardiovascularhealth.12.Whatmayhighbloodpressureresultinaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Aheadache. B.Asleepdisorder.C.Heartdisease. D.Difficultbreathing.13.Howmighttheparticipantsfeelaboutthelabtasks?A.Moved. B.Thankful. C.Disappointed. D.Anxious.14.Whydoestheauthorgivetheexampleinthelastparagraph?A.Toshowgratitudeiseasytopractice.B.Tosuggestweshouldlearnmorewaystorelievestress.C.Toexplainwhythefindingsaremeaningful.D.Toshowhospitalsshouldusemoretreatmentways.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theapproachestocopingwithstress.B.Theconnectionbetweenstressandheartdisease.C.Thebenefitsofbeingthankful.D.Theconnectionbetweengratitudeandstressrelief.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了感恩能夠緩解壓力，改善心血管健康?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Morespecifically,excessstresscanleadtohighbloodpressure,increasingheartdiseaserisk.(更具體地說(shuō)，過(guò)度的壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致高血壓，增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可知，高血壓可能導(dǎo)致心臟病。故選C。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theexperimentfeaturedlabtaskswhichcausedstressamongtheparticipants,whileresearchersmeasuredcardiovascularreactivityandrecoveryinresponsetothestress.(該實(shí)驗(yàn)的特點(diǎn)是實(shí)驗(yàn)室任務(wù)會(huì)給參與者帶來(lái)壓力，而研究人員則測(cè)量了心血管反應(yīng)性和對(duì)壓力的恢復(fù)情況)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)室任務(wù)會(huì)給參與者帶來(lái)壓力，由此可推知，實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者對(duì)任務(wù)可能感到焦慮。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therearemanylow-costwaystodevelopgratefulfeelingsthatcanhelppromoteimprovedwell-being.Forinstance,oneearlierstudyfoundcardiacpatientswhomakeuseofgratitudejournalshavebettercardiovascularoutcomesthanthosewhodonot.(有許多低成本的方法可以培養(yǎng)感激之情，這有助于促進(jìn)幸福感的改善。例如，一項(xiàng)早期的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用感恩日記的心臟病患者比不使用的患者有更好的心血管結(jié)果)”可知，作者在最后一段舉例是為了說(shuō)明感恩之情很容易練習(xí)。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thoseearlierprojects,incombinationwiththeselatestfindings,stronglysuggestthatgratitudeisausefultoolinthefightagainststressandpoorcardiovascularhealth.(那些早期的項(xiàng)目，結(jié)合這些最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，強(qiáng)烈表明感恩是對(duì)抗壓力和心血管健康不良的有用工具)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了感恩能夠緩解壓力，改善心血管健康，即感恩與減壓之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。NewinventiontogetastronautsmovinginspaceNASAsaysthatastronautscanloseasmuchas10%oftheirbonedensity(骨密度)whenthey’reinspace.That’sbecausethereisnogravityfortheirbodiestopushagainst.___16___.Itisamachinethatallowsthemtojumpinzerogravity.Jumpinginzerogravitywouldhelpbuildupbonedensityandmusclemassratherthanastronautslosingthiswhileinspace.___17___.Thisistomaintainahealthylifestyleandpreventthemfromlosingtoomuchmuscleandbonedensity.JohnKennett,theengineerofthisproject,saysthathismachinewouldcuttheworksdowntojustsixminutesaday!Itwillallowastronautstotakepartinashortbutintenseworkoutdesignedtobuildbothmusclemassandbonedensity.Johnsaysthatjumpingisimportanttomaintaingoodbonedensity.___18___.Sohethinkshisinventionistheperfectsolution.FormerNASAastronautLeroyChiaosaysthatexercisingwhileinspaceisveryimportantforasuccessfulrecoveryoncebackonearth.Hesayshewouldwelcomeshorterworkoutstoensureotherdutiesonthespacecraftcanstillbecompleted.___19___.“Whenyou’rejumpingonthisyoucanreallyfeelitfromyourtoesrightthroughyourshoulders,”shesays.Expertssaythismachinecouldalsosavemuch-neededspaceonboard.___20___.Andit’shopeditwilljoinsomeastronautsinspaceby2026!A.However,jumpinginzerogravityisreallyhard.B.Now,astronautsdon’tspendmuchtimeexercising.C.Nextyearthemachinewillbetestedinzerogravity.D.Somepeoplewonderwhetherthemachinewillworkinspace.E.Atthemomentastronautsspenduptotwohoursaday,sixdaysaweekexercising.F.AnengineerfromLondonhasfoundthesolutiontokeepingastronautsfitandhealthyinspace.G.TessMorris-Paterson,whohasbeentestingthemachine,saystheworkoutgivesherfull-bodybenefits.【答案】16.F17.E18.A19.G20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一種可以讓宇航員在太空中移動(dòng)的新發(fā)明?！?6題詳解】上文“NASAsaysthatastronautscanloseasmuchas10%oftheirbonedensity(骨密度)whenthey’reinspace.(美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局表示，宇航員在太空中可能會(huì)失去高達(dá)10%的骨密度)”說(shuō)明宇航員在太空中可能會(huì)失去部分骨密度，身體變得不健康，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“一位來(lái)自倫敦的工程師找到了讓宇航員在太空中保持健康的解決方案。”就上文所說(shuō)明的情況給出對(duì)應(yīng)的解決方法，并引出下文“Itisamachinethatallowsthemtojumpinzerogravity.(這是一種讓他們?cè)诹阒亓ο绿S的機(jī)器)”，It指代選項(xiàng)中的solution，說(shuō)明具體的解決方法是可以讓宇航員在零重力下跳躍的機(jī)器，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合題意。故選F?！?7題詳解】下文“Thisistomaintainahealthylifestyleandpreventthemfromlosingtoomuchmuscleandbonedensity.(這是為了保持健康的生活方式，防止他們失去太多的肌肉和骨密度)”說(shuō)明宇航員會(huì)做某種活動(dòng)，以保持健康生活方式，E項(xiàng)“目前，宇航員每周鍛煉六天，每天鍛煉兩個(gè)小時(shí)。”具體介紹宇航員所做的活動(dòng)是鍛煉，并且介紹鍛煉進(jìn)行的時(shí)間，引出下文，符合題意。故選E。【18題詳解】上文“Johnsaysthatjumpingisimportanttomaintaingoodbonedensity.(約翰說(shuō)跳躍對(duì)于保持良好的骨密度很重要)”說(shuō)明跳躍對(duì)于良好骨密度的重要性，A項(xiàng)“然而，在零重力下跳躍真的很難?！迸c上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說(shuō)明在太空的零重力條件下，跳躍很困難，由此引出下文內(nèi)容“Sohethinkshisinventionistheperfectsolution.(所以他認(rèn)為他的發(fā)明是完美的解決方案)”，A項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳解】下文““Whenyou’rejumpingonthisyoucanreallyfeelitfromyourtoesrightthroughyourshoulders,”shesays.(她說(shuō)：“當(dāng)你跳上這個(gè)時(shí)，你真的可以從腳趾到肩膀感受到它。”)”說(shuō)明這種機(jī)器可以讓人感受到它的益處，G項(xiàng)“TessMorris-Patterson一直在測(cè)試這臺(tái)機(jī)器，她說(shuō)這項(xiàng)鍛煉對(duì)她的全身都有好處。”說(shuō)明機(jī)器對(duì)身體有好處，引出下文內(nèi)容，且選項(xiàng)中TessMorris-Patterson由下文中she進(jìn)行指代，G項(xiàng)符合題意。故選G?！?0題詳解】下文“Andit’shopeditwilljoinsomeastronautsinspaceby2026!(希望到2026年，它能與一些宇航員一起進(jìn)入太空！)”說(shuō)明人們的期望，并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，在正式使用機(jī)器之前，機(jī)器需經(jīng)歷一系列測(cè)試，C項(xiàng)“明年，這臺(tái)機(jī)器將在零重力下進(jìn)行測(cè)試?！狈线壿?，引出下文的期望，符合題意。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IwaslearningatWesternUniversityinLondonwhenIwas20yearsold,anditwasmythirdyearthere.Ihad____21____acourseintheDepartmentofEnglishtaughtbyDonaldS.Hair.Afewweeksintotheclass,theprofessor____22____ourfirsttest.Ididn’tthinkIhadanythingtoworryabout—untilhehandedmyexambackthefollowingweekwitha67writtenonitinredink.Sixty-seven!I’dneverreceivedsuchalowmark.Iwasdependentona____23____,andanygradebelow80putmyfutureintrouble.Myseatmate’sannoyedexpressionsuggestedhermarkhadbeenpainfultoo.It____24____us:ProfessorHairwasanoldweirdo(怪人)!Howdarehe____25____ourGPAs?Whatwastheoldboy’sproblem,anyway?Buttherealproblemwasthis:Hewasright.IknewitassoonasI’d____26____offandtakenthetimetodigesthis____27____.Mywritingwascareless,myunderstandingofkeyconcepts____28____.Likemanyofmypartners,Iwasusedtoearningtopgrades.Now,forthefirsttime,ateacherhadintroducedanuncomfortablequestion.Wereweactually“____29____”them?Thenextday,Iwenttohisoffice.Withburningcheeks,ItoldhimIknewI’d_____30_____theexam.Tomy_____31_____,hewasn’ta“weirdo”intheleast.Hewasfunny,warmand_____32_____patient.HeassuredmeifIworkedhard,I’dachievemy_____33_____inthecourse,andhe’dbeavailabletohelpme.Iwentaway,readingandreadingsomemore.ThemoreIread,themoreinterestinghisclassesbecame,andsoon,hiscomplex,absorbinglectureswerethe_____34_____ofmyweek.Isparednoeffortinthatcourse.ThegradeIearnedinhisclasswasthelowestI’dreceivedthatyear.ButIhadearnedthatgrade.Nearly30yearslater,I’mstill_____35_____ofthat.21.A.checkedin B.registeredfor C.loggedon D.tookup22.A.took B.specified C.clarified D.organized23.A.scholarship B.victory C.score D.recognition24.A.whistled B.resolved C.angered D.surveyed25.A.drill B.ruin C.remind D.alarm26.A.cooled B.dropped C.took D.broken27.A.honesty B.fairness C.complaint D.comments28.A.shallow B.dramatic C.severe D.resistant29.A.passing B.possessing C.earning D.holding30.A.transformed B.overtaken C.overcame D.bombed31.A.surprise B.curiosity C.confusion D.regret32.A.slightly B.uncommonly C.unavoidably D.casually33.A.dream B.potential C.submission D.reputation34.A.pursuit B.struggle C.highlight D.meaning35.A.shy B.suspicious C.guilty D.proud【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.D28.A29.C30.D31.A32.B33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者作為一個(gè)引以為傲的優(yōu)等生，在大三那年遇到一位教授給自己的英語(yǔ)測(cè)試打出了歷史最低分。經(jīng)過(guò)反思，作者找出了自己的癥結(jié)并得到教授的幫助從而不斷努力獲得了理想的分?jǐn)?shù)，也意識(shí)到腳踏實(shí)地，勤奮努力的重要性。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我在英語(yǔ)系注冊(cè)了一門由DonaldS.Hair教授的課程。A.checkedin登記入住；B.registeredfor注冊(cè)；C.loggedon登錄；D.tookup從事。根據(jù)后文“acourse”可知，作者注冊(cè)了一門課程。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：上課幾周后，教授組織了我們的第一次考試。A.took帶走；B.specified指定；C.clarified澄清；D.organized組織。根據(jù)前文“Afewweeksintotheclass”及后文“ourfirsttest”可知，幾周后，教授組織了第一次考試。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我依靠獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金生活，任何低于80分的成績(jī)都會(huì)給我的未來(lái)帶來(lái)麻煩。A.scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金；B.victory勝利；C.score分?jǐn)?shù)；D.recognition識(shí)別。根據(jù)前文“dependenton”及后文“anygradebelow80putmyfutureintrouble”可知，低于80分的成績(jī)都會(huì)給作者帶來(lái)麻煩，說(shuō)明作者的生活與學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)密切相關(guān)，說(shuō)明他依靠獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金生活。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這激怒了我們：Hair教授是一個(gè)