Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 課件-高中英語譯林版(2020)必修第一冊-1

Sentenceselements&Sentencestructures句子成分和句子類型Madeby@FerminaSentenceelementssubject

主語verb謂語attributive

定語predicative

表語adverbial

狀語object

賓語objectcomplement賓語補足語SentenceElements句子成分Theboygetsupatsixo’clockeverymorning.

Ihavejustfinishedmyfirstdayofseniorhighschool.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.Torealizeyourpotentialmeansyouneedtosetagoalfirstsubject（主語）句子所談論的主體、發(fā)出動作者名代數(shù)詞動名詞不定式verb（謂語）又稱“謂詞”，指謂語部分的主要動詞，通常說明主語所做的動作或主語的特征和狀態(tài)1.簡單謂語：動詞/動詞詞組Opportunityliesineachchallenge.Ienjoymyseniorschoollife.2.復合謂語:情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+動詞Youwilldiscoveryourpotential.Hedoesn’tlikehisnewschool.verb（謂語）情態(tài)動詞：can，could，may，

might,will，shall，

would，should，

must，need，haveto，oughtto,dare，dared助動詞：be（is,am,are,was,were,being,been）進行態(tài)/被動語態(tài)have（has,had,having）完成時do（does,did）強調(diào)/三單/過去時shall，will（should,would）將來時Unit8Agreenworldverb（謂語）HeiswatchingTVnow.ThemachinewasmadeinChina.Shehasbeenworkingallday.Johnshouldbepunished.ImusthavebeensenttoYueyaseniorhighschoolbythen.To

fullyrealizeyourpotential,

it

isimportantforyoutomakethemostofourschoolresources.object（賓語）指動作的對象、承受動作者有的動詞后面可以接兩個賓語，通常把其中表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語（indirectobject），把表示物的賓語稱為直接賓語（directobject）Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.Jackofferedme

somehelpfuladvice.間接賓語直接賓語雙賓語動詞：award,buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell,

bring,do,pass,sell,send,sing,write...

object（賓語）Showyour

passport,please!HeiswatchingTVnow.Ferminalikesallofus.Iwanttofighttenofthem.Nobodyknowswhocanpasstheexam.Tomgavemeabook.Unit8Agreenworldpredicative（表語）連系動詞(Linkingverb)后面的成分，說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)常見的系動詞：be動詞

五感官：feel,look,sound，smell，taste

狀態(tài)：seem，appear

變化：become,get,turn，go

持續(xù)：remain，stay，keep

Heisateacher(名詞）.

Itasteit(代詞）.

Sheseemedhappy（形容詞）.Everythinggoesworse.Hekeepssilentatthemeeting.謂語動詞>系動詞attributive（定語）修飾名詞或代詞。常翻譯成“...的”單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之后(后置定語)Iwenttoalargelibraryyesterday.Hedoesn’thaveanythingtodoatthemoment.attributive（定語）Chinaisagreatsocialist

.

Ihavea

pencil

box.

Youshouldtakemy

advice.

Ihavetwo

brothers.

Canyoupassmethebookthere

?

Potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedeveloped.Adj.Pron.定語從句N.數(shù)詞副詞attributive（定語）TouristsfromdifferentcountriesenjoyChinesefood.

Theboytotaketheballismyson.

Thereisareadingroominourdepartment.Thewoundedsoldierwastakenofftothehospital.

Theladywhoisstandingthereisourteacher.

定語通常由形容詞擔任，也可以由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語形式或從句充當。介詞短語作定語非謂語形式作定語從句作定語（定語從句）Unit8Agreenworldadverbial（狀語）修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步等。Iamveryconfident.IlearntalotaboutschoollifeintheUK.Inthemorning,peoplegotowork.WhenIwasyoung,thereweremanyclubstojoin.IcameherebecauseIwantprotectmyfamily.I

studiedhard,soIpasstheexam.Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldberesponsibleforyourstudy.complement（補語）用來補充說明主語或賓語的特征或情況補語分為主語補語（subjectcomplement)和賓語補語（objectcomplement）Heismadechairmanoftheclub.Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxed.賓語補語主語補語objectcomplement（賓語補足語）Theyelectedmethepresident.Ifinddrivingeasy.Mywifelockedmeout.Ismellsomethingburninginthekitchen.Ifindmysonbeatenbysomeone.Yourwifewon’tallowustoplaycards.名詞形容詞副詞doing現(xiàn)在分時done過去分詞todo不定式Ifindherpretty.（形容詞）Ifindheraprettygril.（名詞）Ifindhersmiling.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Ifindherfollowedbymanycameras.（過去分詞）可以做賓補的詞性是不定式（todo)，名詞，形容詞，副詞，非謂語

(doing/done/todo/do)。complement（補語）Sheisfoundpretty.（形容詞）Sheisfoundaprettygirl.（名詞）Sheisfoundsmiling.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Sheisfoundfollowedbymanycameras.（過去分詞）Myfriendwho

wears

longblack

hair

told

methatshe

got

married

LastmonthinBeijing,which

made

me

surprised.主主主謂謂謂謂主定賓狀賓賓補賓英語句子的靈魂是？謂語動詞verbverb1不及物動詞verb2單及物動詞verb3雙及物動詞/授予動詞verb4復雜及物動詞verb5非動作5大基本句型S＋

V主

謂He

goesaway.他走了。Theboy

iscrying.這個小男孩在哭。I

run我跑步。Everysecond

counts.分秒必爭。Thegirl

sleeps.女孩睡覺。不及物動詞VI：不需要賓語O，就可以獨立完成的動作

Themandied.Thepoorkidraisedbyhisgrandparentssucceded.Herunsquickly.Theylistenedcarefully.Ferminaleft.Astudentisimproving.practice單及物動詞

Vt：需要一個賓語O（動作承受者）

I

study

English.我學習英語。I

hate

smoking.我討厭抽煙。Theyenjoy

dancing.他們享受跳舞。She

iswriting

aletter.他在寫信。He

knows

thatheiswrong.他知道他錯了。S＋

V＋O主

謂

賓Sheboughtanewcar.Iloveherper-so-na-lity.Ferminalosthercon-fi-den-ce.Theyenjoybal-let.Sheneedsanex-pe-ri-ment.practice雙及物動詞：需要2個賓語O授予動詞

You

bought

me

anewdictionary.She

gave

me

anewdress.I

told

him

thesecret.I

sent

them

aletter.授予動詞：give,ask,send,teach,tell,buy,offer,provide,supply,pass...S＋

V＋

人IO＋物DO主

謂

間賓

直賓S＋

V＋

人IO＋物DO主

謂

間賓

直賓S＋

V＋物DO＋for/to＋

人IO主

謂

直賓for/to間賓You

bought

me

anewdictionary.She

gave

me

anewdress.I

told

him

thesecret.I

sent

them

aletter.Ibookyouarestaurant.Youboughtadictionaryforme.Shegaveadresstome.Itoldthesecrettohim.Isentalettertothem.Ibookarestaurantforyou.practice我給了她一張教學卡片（flashcard）。他教了我一些學習策略（strategy）。Fermina將會給我們講個笑話。give—gaveteach—taughtIgaveheraflashcard.Hetaughtmesomestudystrategies.Ferminawilltellusajoke.復雜及物動詞：需要1個賓o,＋補充說明We

keep

thetable

clean.我們保持桌子干凈。You

mademe

happy.你讓我開心。We

thinkyousmart.我認為你聰明。Iheard

himsingingasong.我聽見他在唱歌。I

found

mostofstudentsandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.我發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)學生和老師很友好且有幫助。S＋

V＋O＋C主

謂

賓

補S＋

V＋O＋C主

謂

賓

賓補He

makestheworldbetterplace.Iwishyougoodluck.Love

makespeoplestupid.We

keeptheroomclean.Mymotheraskedmetodothedishes.Hemademelie.Idon’tmindhimstayingup.Doyouhearsomeonecrying.Icouldn’tmakemyselfunderstood.n.名詞n.名詞adj.形容詞adj.形容詞todo不定式省略to的不定時vingvingdonepracticeIpaintmyroompink.Ihadmyhaircut.Iseemychildrenexchangingtheiropionions.Shedrivemeannoyed.Ferminaallowsustotakenotes.findtheobjectcomplement.找賓語補足語todo不定式adj.形容詞done動詞過去分詞

表被動doing動詞現(xiàn)在分詞表進行adj.形容詞SVOC/SVIODOSVIODOYouboughtme

anewdictionary.SVOCWekeep

thetable

clean.OC轉(zhuǎn)化為主系表Thetableisclean.√IODO轉(zhuǎn)化為主系表Iamanewdictionary.×主謂雙賓

不能＋be轉(zhuǎn)化為

主系表主謂賓補

能夠＋be轉(zhuǎn)化為

主系表SVOC/SVIODOSVIODOYouboughtme

anewdictionary.SVOCWekeep

thetable

clean.OC位置互換Wekeepcleanthetable.×IODO位置互換.Youboughtadictionaryforme.√主謂雙賓

能夠互換位置主謂賓補

不能互換位置practiceIgavehimathousanddollars.Theyfoundthemanhonest.WeelectedLiHuaourmonitor.Mybrothersentmealetterlastmonth.Ifoundthefilminteresting.telltheirsentencestructure.分辨SVOCSVIODOSVOCSVIODOSVOC非動作She

isoutgoing.Fermina

looksannoyed.Mr.Yan

looks

frightened.Thecake

tastes

delicious.Iamadesigner.Classtwo

isconfident.practice思考：主謂賓

主系表的區(qū)別S＋

V＋P主

系

表狀態(tài)beThedoctorareverypatient.持續(xù)keep,remain,stay,Healwayskeptsilent.像seem,appear,lookHeseems(tobe)verysad.感官feel,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.變化become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runShegrewrichwithinashorttime.終止prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.連系動詞（Link-verb）:起連系作用的詞語。主謂賓：做什么主系表：怎么樣

是什么Miss.Linwasanxious.StudentsinClasstwoarecurious.Ipreparedtheexam.Shoppingonlinebringsusadvantages.SLPSLPSVOSVOConsolidation(1)

Plantsneedwater.(2)

Theflowerissofresh.(3)

Theyworkhard. (4)

Hegivesmesomeseeds.(5)

Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.ExerciseSVOSVPSVSVOOSVOC主謂狀：主語+謂語+狀語（SVA）They

work

hard.主語S謂語V狀語AOthersentencestructure主謂賓狀：主語+謂語+賓語+狀語（SVOA）We

like

thefilm

verymuch.主語S謂語V賓語O狀語A謂語動詞

verb5.S（L）P主系表SVA主謂狀SVOA主謂賓狀特殊句型：Therebe存現(xiàn)句/強調(diào)句/倒裝句不及物動詞vi單及物動詞vt雙及物/授予動詞vt復雜及物動詞vt非動作系動詞v/l1.SV主謂2.SVO主謂賓3.SVIODO主謂雙賓4.SVOC主謂賓補1.________________初中2.for-ward向前adv.

Backward向前看adv.____________________期待做某事____________________________這些外國人很期待再次去中國。3._______________依賴依靠______________adj.依賴的___________n.依賴______________adj.獨立的_______________n.獨立4.________

n.焦點重點

v.集中_____________集中注意力在…______________________________集中注意力在你自己的事情上。JuniorhighschoolLookforwardtodoingTheseforeignersarelookingforwardtogoingtoChinaagain.Dependon/relyonDe-pen-dentDe-pen-den-ceIn-de-pen-dentIn-de-pen-den-cefocusFocusonFocusonyourownbusiness1.___________adj.詳細的_____________詳細的提示_____________n.細節(jié)（可數(shù)）2.__________n.尖端小費提示（可數(shù)）3.______________基于

_________n.基礎_______________________________________基于你的話，他是錯的。4.____________________________________提醒某人某事這個玩偶總是我想起我的小孩。______________________________________5._________________堅持做某事________________________________堅持利用學校的資源。Remindsb.todo/Remindsb.ofdoingtipBaseonbasisdetailedDetailedtipsdetailsBasedonyourwords,hewaswrong.Thistoyalwaysremindsmeofmychildren.SticktodoingSticktotakingadvantageofschoolresourcesExploringtherules

SubjectVerbIagreeSubjectVerbPredicativeSubjectVerbObjectSubjectVerbIndirectobjectDirectobjectSubjectVerbObjectObjectcomplementThesehabitswillbehelpfulYouwillliveahappylifeSettinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlifeSettinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfidentExploringtherules

1.Thesubjectandthe_______arenecessarypartsofasentence.2.Atransitiveverbisalwaysfollowedbya(n)__________.3.Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoapersonandthedirectobjectathing.4.Theobjectcomplementaddsmoreinformationabouttheobject.verbobjectWorkingouttherules主語

謂語是句子的必備部分。及物動詞后必有賓語。一些動詞有兩個賓語，直物間人。賓語補足語為賓語補充說明信息。PartA

Whatis

theimportanceofsettinggoals?Settinggoalsalsohelpsyoudevelopgoodhabits.Finally,settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.愛因斯坦曾說：“如果你想擁有幸福的生活，把它和目標聯(lián)系起來。我贊同，在很多方面，目標都很重要。設立目標讓你生活有重心?，F(xiàn)在設立什么目標，就決定你未來要成就什么事業(yè)。這樣你就就知道你講去往哪里，如何努力去那里。設立目標還幫助你養(yǎng)成好習慣。為了實現(xiàn)目標，你就得制定一個好計劃，管理你的時間，注意細節(jié)。這些目標非常有用。最后，設立目標還會讓你更自信。當你完成一個目標，你就會看見自己努力的結(jié)果、取得了多大進步。目標是需要行動的夢想。正因為你的行動，你的夢想才有機會實現(xiàn)、過一個好的生活。CBDGEAFPartB2Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

Howwesetgoals.Tipsaboutsettinggoals.Setgoalsthatcanbeachieved.Breakbiggoalsintosmallones.Writeyourgoalsonpaper.1.把...和...連接起來2.養(yǎng)成好習慣3.有效管理時間4.由于你的行為5.實現(xiàn)6.敦促某人做某事7.根據(jù)你的能力制定目標8.把大目標分成小目標9.以...為自豪10.實現(xiàn)長遠目標tiesthtosthdevelopgoodhabitmanag