浙江省91高中聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)考考試英語(yǔ)試題

20232024學(xué)年高二下開學(xué)外語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力檢測(cè)一、閱讀選擇（共20題，50分）AWritingContest:TellAStoryIt'sNationalTellaStoryMonth,andwe’reexcitedtohearyours!Forthiscontest,submityourbestfictionalstories.Yourstorieswillbejudgedbasedonimagery,noveltyandoriginality.Thereisnospecificgenre(體裁)foryourstory.Sogoaheadandgettowriting.Wecan'twaittoreadwhatyouhaveinstoreforus.Deadline:October1,2023Rules:*Youmustbeateen(aged1319)withaTeenInkaccounttoenter.*Noinappropriatecontent.*Submissionsmustrelatetothetopic(Astory).GuidelinesandDetails:*Yourentrymustbebetweenabout515minutes(pages)long.*Thereisnolimittothenumberofplaysyoucansubmit.HowtoSubmit:*Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.AllentriessubmittedtoTeenInkareautomaticallyconsideredforthecontest.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.*SubmityourworktotheFictioncategoryofTeenInk.Youcanfindthisselectionafterselectingtheinitial“Article/Poetry”submissiontype.*Important!!Wegetalotoffictionsubmissionseverymonth.Ifyouwanttosubmityourworkforthiscontestinparticular,includethewords“TellAStory”inyoursubmission’stags(標(biāo)簽).Youcandothisbyusingthe“additionaltags”fieldinyoursubmissionform.Prizes:*Winner(andhonorablementions,ifspaceallows)willhavetheirscriptspublishedinTeenInkmagazine.*Theoverallwinnerwillreceivea$25Amazongiftcard.1.Whatisacriterionusedtoevaluatetheentries?A.Itshouldbeatruestory. B.Itscontentshouldbecreative.C.Itsthemeshouldbeaboutteens. D.Itshouldfollowaparticulargenre.2.Whichofthefollowingwillleadtofailedparticipation?A.Beinga10yearoldgirl. B.Writinganentryof10pages.C.SubmittingbeforeOctober1,2023. D.ChoosingtouseaTeenInkaccount.3.What'sthepurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toinformteenagersofacontest. B.ToencouragetheuseofTeenInk.C.Tostressthesignificanceofwriting. D.Toselecthonorableteenagewriters.【答案】1.B2.A3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了TeenInk雜志的“講故事比賽”的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，包括評(píng)選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、參賽規(guī)則、作品提交方式、以及獲獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“

Yourstorieswillbejudgedbasedonimagery,noveltyandoriginality.(你的故事將根據(jù)意象、新穎性和原創(chuàng)性來(lái)評(píng)判)”可知，提交的故事作品將會(huì)根據(jù)意象、新穎性和原創(chuàng)性來(lái)評(píng)判即根據(jù)故事內(nèi)容的創(chuàng)造力來(lái)評(píng)判。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rules部分中“Youmustbeateen(aged1319)withaTeenInkaccounttoenter.(您必須是擁有teenInk帳戶的青少年(1319歲)才能進(jìn)入)”可知，年齡在1319歲之間的青少年才能參加比賽。A選項(xiàng)“Beinga10yearoldgirl.”不符合參賽的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章介紹了TeenInk雜志的“講故事比賽”的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，包括評(píng)選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、參賽規(guī)則、作品提交方式、以及獲獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)等信息。故文章的目的是通知青少年有關(guān)比賽的消息。故選A。BAasrithaDuriseti,aneighthgradestudentatCarsonMiddleSchoolwantedtohelphergrandmotherwhostruggledtoopenbottlecaps.Shefoundasolutioninherengineeringclass,wherestudentsweretaskedwithadaptingexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottleopeningdevices.“Theshapeandsizeofacellphonearefamiliar,”shesaid.Tocreateabetterbottleopener,Aasrithausedapieceofwood.Itwasshapedlikeacellphone.Next,sheputthreeholesinthewood.Theholeswereindifferentsizessothattheycouldmatchmonbottlecapsizes.Eachholealsohadalayerofdriedhotglue,providingastrongholdforthebottlecaps.Withasimpletwistingmotion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.Whileaddressingchallengesthosewithlearningdisabilities,movementchallengesandotherissuesface,studentslikeAasrithausedmorethantheirmath,physics,andtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedaboutempathy(共情).“Empathyislookingatproblemsfromanotherperson’spointofview,”Aasritha’steacher,MarkBolt,said.“It’sanimportantpartofengineering.Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”Itwasempathy,whilewatchingfriendsandfamilydealwithdailytasks,thatpushedotherstudents’projects.StudentMichaelnoticedhowreadingdisordermadeitdifficultforhisfriendstofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Theirbrainstendtoconfusetheorderofnumbers,letters,andotherimages.SoMichaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindowblindstyledevice.“Myfriendcouldseparatesmallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.Intheprocess,studentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductstomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.Ratherthanhavingstepbystepdirectionsfortheprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.4.WhatmightbeasolutiontoAasritha’sengineeringclasstask?A.Toinventnewproducts. B.Tobetterwheelchairs.C.Toraisemoneyforthedisabled. D.Toteachlowergradestudentsengineering.5.Whyarethethreeholes’sizesdifferentinAasritha’sbottleopener?A.Toensureawideruse. B.Tomakethemostofspace.C.Tobeautifythebottleopener. D.Tomaketheopenereasiertohold.6.AccordingtoMarkBolt,whiledesigningproductsengineersshould_________.A.askfortheusers’advice B.bethoughtfuloftheirusersC.improvetheirworkeffectiveness D.focusmoreonthepeoplearoundthem7.WhatdoesMarkBoltthinkisimportantinthestudents’creation?A.Aimingtobethebestcreator.B.Havingroomforfreeexploration.C.Followingastrictsetofrulesandsteps.D.Servingdifferentfunctionsindifferentsituations.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了卡森中學(xué)的一名八年級(jí)學(xué)生AasrithaDuriseti發(fā)明開瓶器的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Shefoundasolutioninherengineeringclass,wherestudentsweretaskedwithadaptingexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.(她在自己的工程課上找到了解決辦法，學(xué)生們的任務(wù)是改造現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品，讓身體殘疾的人的日常生活更方便)”可推知，改進(jìn)輪椅可能是Aasritha工程課上的任務(wù)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Next,sheputthreeholesinthewood.Theholeswereindifferentsizessothattheycouldmatchmonbottlecapsizes.(接著，她在木頭上鉆了三個(gè)孔。這些孔的大小不同，以便與普通的瓶蓋尺寸相匹配)”可知，Aasritha開瓶器的三個(gè)孔大小不同為了確保更廣泛的使用。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中MarkBolt所說(shuō)“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.(工程師需要站在產(chǎn)品用戶的角度來(lái)構(gòu)建有效的解決方案)”可知，在設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品時(shí)工程師應(yīng)該為用戶著想。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ratherthanhavingstepbystepdirectionsfortheprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.(Bolt并沒有為這些項(xiàng)目提供循序漸進(jìn)的指導(dǎo)，而是更愿意讓學(xué)生們自由發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造力)”可推知，MarkBolt認(rèn)為在學(xué)生的創(chuàng)作中有自由探索的空間是重要的。故選B項(xiàng)。CItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocioeconomicbackgroundstendtodolesswellintheeducationsystem.Inanattempttohelpthechildrenofpoorfamilies,anationwideprogramcalled“Headstart”wasstartedintheUSin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopreschoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthemsucceedinschool.Buttheresultshavebeendisappointing,becausetheprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditatthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandintelligenceandtheparentswerenotinvolvedintheprocess.Attheendofeachday,“Headstart”childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.Toimprovetheresults,anotherprogramwasstartedinMissourithatconcentratedonparentsasthechild,sfirstteachers.Thisprogramwasbasedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamilyisthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetthebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefouryearstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandrepresenteddifferentsocialeconomicstatus,ageandfamilystructure.Theprograminvolvedtrainededucatorsvisitingandworkingwiththeparentorparentsandthechild.Theprogramalsogavetheparentssomeguidance,andusefulskillsonchilddevelopment.Atthree,thechildreninvolvedinthe“Missouri”programwereevaluatedwiththechildrenselectedfromthesamesocioeconomicbackgroundandfamilysituations.Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.Theyperformedequallywellregardlessofsocioeconomicbackgroundsorfamilystructure.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild,sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparentchildinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.The“Missouri”programparesquitedistinctlywiththe“Headstart”program.Withoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovereeducationalunfairness.8.Whatcausedthefailureofthe“Headstart”program?A.Thelargenumberofpoorfamilies.B.Thedisapprovalfromchildren.C.Thelatestartoftheprogram.D.Thelongperiodoftime.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“Missouri”program?A.Itfocusedonthechildren,sfirstschoolteachers.B.Ithelpedthechildrenreturntothesamehome.C.Itmadethechildrenimprovedinmanyaspects.D.Itgavetheparentsadviceontheirdevelopment.10.Accordingtothepassage,whatislikelytoinfluencechildren,sperformance?A.Thenumberoffamilymembers. B.Theparentchildmunication.C.Theintelligenceoftheirparents. D.Theteacherstudentrelationship.11.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bymakingparisons.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bydrawingconclusions.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.B【解析】【分析】本文屬于說(shuō)明文，為了研究促進(jìn)貧窮家庭孩子智力發(fā)展，分別進(jìn)行了Headstart和Missouri項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)果一個(gè)失敗了，一個(gè)成功了，發(fā)現(xiàn)了父母與孩子的交流更影響孩子的智力發(fā)育?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Buttheresultshavebeendisappointing,becausetheprogrambegantoolate.可知，結(jié)果不佳，因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目開始的太晚了，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.可知，參加了“Missouri“項(xiàng)目的孩子，在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展、問題解決和其他智力技能方面都比同齡人要高級(jí)，故可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在多個(gè)方面讓孩子提升很多，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild,sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparentchildinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.可知，影響孩子發(fā)展的一個(gè)因素就是父母與孩子之間交流的質(zhì)量很差，而這種交流在家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)情況較差的家庭不一定就不如人，故可知，父母與孩子的交流更影響孩子的發(fā)展，故選B?！?1題詳解】寫作策略題。根據(jù)文章可知，本文分別舉了Headstart和Missouri項(xiàng)目對(duì)孩子的發(fā)展進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)果一個(gè)失敗了，一個(gè)成功了，發(fā)現(xiàn)了父母與孩子的交流更影響孩子的智力發(fā)育，故可知，作者寫這篇文章是通過(guò)對(duì)這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行對(duì)比的，故選B。DThedeclineinmoralstandardswhichhaslongconcernedsocialanalystshasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation'smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswilleforwardtoimproveit.Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyaregainingpopularity.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitformehasbeedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegration(瓦解)oftraditionalmunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday'sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(挽歌)forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforasmashofthediscriminationthatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.andminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.Moraldeclinewillnotbereversed(扭轉(zhuǎn))untilpeoplefindwaystoopposethematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan'tbebought.”12.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans_______.A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandardsB.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddaysC.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthingsD.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards13.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby_______.A.thegrowingwealthofthecountryB.theselfcenterednessofindividualsC.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchangesD.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities14.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalmunities?A.Greatmobility. B.Emphasisonindividualeffort.C.Concernforone’sneighbor. D.Everweakeningsocialbonds.15.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed_______.A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrightsC.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudiceD.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章談?wù)摿嗣绹?guó)社會(huì)的道德淪喪問題?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThedeclineinmoralstandardswhichhaslongconcernedsocialanalystshasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.(道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——這個(gè)長(zhǎng)期困擾社會(huì)分析家的問題——終于引起了普通美國(guó)人的注意。JeanBethkeElshtain就是其中之一，她很高興。)”可知，Elshtain教授很高興看到美國(guó)人他們意識(shí)到自己的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)降低了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyaregainingpopularity.(美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義越來(lái)越流行。)”和“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitformehasbeedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness.(‘我為自己而戰(zhàn)’的想法已經(jīng)深深植根于民族意識(shí)中。)”可知，美國(guó)社會(huì)的道德淪喪主要是由于個(gè)人的自我中心造成的。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegration(瓦解)oftraditionalmunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.(她說(shuō)，其中一些可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體，在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中，鄰居們互相照顧。)”可知，關(guān)心鄰居是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特征。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Moraldeclinewillnotbereversed(扭轉(zhuǎn))untilpeoplefindwaystoopposethematerialisminsociety,shesays.(她說(shuō)，除非人們找到反對(duì)社會(huì)唯物主義的方法，否則道德衰退將無(wú)法逆轉(zhuǎn)。)”可知，Elshtain認(rèn)為，如果不那么重視物質(zhì)的東西，目前的道德衰退可能會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。七選五There’salongstandingargumentinscientificcirclesoverhowtoclassifyviruses.They’renotlifeless,becausetheymultiplyandhavegenes.Yetthey’renot“alive,”astheydon’thavecells,andcan’tsurviveontheirown.Virusesreproducebyhijacking(劫持)thehost’scells,eventuallycausingthemtoburstanddie._____16_____Inordertoprotectourselvesfromthem,wehavetoknowsomebasicfactsaboutviruses.____17____Peopleoftenthinkofjustafewviruses—influenza,HIV,andnowcoronaviruses—buttheyarethemostplentifulmicrobes(微生物)ontheplanet.Thereareabout320,000typesthatinfectmammals,butjust219areknowntoinfecthumans.Youcangetsomevirusesmorethanonce.There’sapopularmyththatonceyou’vehadavirus,you’reimmuneto(對(duì)……免疫)it._____18_____Whenyougetavirus,yourbodybuildsupantibodiestofightit.However,noteveryonemakesenoughantibodies,andtheycanwearoffovertime,whichiswhyyouneedboostershotsofsomevaccines.Youcanbecontagious(傳染性的)withoutevershowingsymptoms.Somevirusescanbespreadviapeoplewhoneverhadsignsoftheillnessorwhodon’thavesymptomsyet.Somepeoplemayevenbe“superspreaders”.____19____Takeprecautionstopreventspreadingvirusesevenwhenyoudon’tfeelsick.Ifyou’reveryoverweight,youneedtobeextracautious.Obesepeoplearecontagiouswiththefluvirus42percentlongerthanthosewhoaren’tobese.Becauseobesityislinkedtomanyhealthproblems,itmayaffectyourimmunesystem._____20_____A.Butthat’snotalwaysthecase.B.Therearemanymorevirusesthanyouthink.C.Lossoftasteorsmellisanearlywarningsign.D.Extraweightmaymaketheflushot(流感疫苗)lesseffectivetoo.E.Sleepasmuchaspossibletohelpyourbodytorecover.F.That’swhyvirusesthatinfecthumansnearlyalwayscauseillness.G.Theywillinfectdozenstohundredsofotherpeoplewithoutevenrealizingit.【答案】16.F17.B18.A19.G20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了有關(guān)病毒知識(shí)?！?6題詳解】上文“Virusesreproducebyhijacking(劫持)thehost’scells,eventuallycausingthemtoburstanddie.(病毒通過(guò)劫持宿主細(xì)胞來(lái)繁殖，最終導(dǎo)致宿主細(xì)胞破裂死亡)”說(shuō)明，病毒的繁殖導(dǎo)致宿主細(xì)胞死亡，選項(xiàng)F“這就是為什么感染人類的病毒幾乎總是會(huì)致病的原因。”和上文存在因果關(guān)系，病毒導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了疾病。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】下文“Peopleoftenthinkofjustafewviruses—influenza,HIV,andnowcoronaviruses—buttheyarethemostplentifulmicrobes(微生物)ontheplanet.(人們通常只想到幾種病毒——流感病毒、艾滋病病毒和現(xiàn)在的冠狀病毒——但它們是地球上數(shù)量最多的微生物)”說(shuō)明病毒比人們想到的幾種要多得多，選項(xiàng)B“病毒比你想象的要多得多?！备爬ㄒI(lǐng)下文。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“There’sapopularmyththatonceyou’vehadavirus,you’reimmuneto(對(duì)……免疫)it.(有一個(gè)受歡迎的荒誕說(shuō)法，一旦你感染過(guò)某種病毒，你就對(duì)它免疫了)”和下文“Whenyougetavirus,yourbodybuildsupantibodiestofightit.However,noteveryonemakesenoughantibodies,andtheycanwearoffovertime,whichiswhyyouneedboostershotsofsomevaccines.(當(dāng)你感染病毒時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生抗體來(lái)對(duì)抗它。然而，并不是每個(gè)人都能產(chǎn)生足夠的抗體，而且它們會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而消失，這就是為什么你需要加強(qiáng)注射一些疫苗)”說(shuō)明上下文發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，下文說(shuō)明情況并不總是上文所說(shuō)“感染過(guò)就免疫了”，選項(xiàng)A“但情況并非總是如此?！背猩蠁⑾拢险Z(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】上文“Somevirusescanbespreadviapeoplewhoneverhadsignsoftheillnessorwhodon’thavesymptomsyet.Somepeoplemayevenbe‘superspreaders’.(有些病毒可以通過(guò)從未有過(guò)疾病跡象或尚未出現(xiàn)癥狀的人傳播。有些人甚至可能是‘超級(jí)傳播者’)”介紹病毒的傳播性，選項(xiàng)G“他們會(huì)在不知不覺中感染幾十到幾百人?！背薪由衔模蜕衔拇嬖谝蚬P(guān)系，是上文的結(jié)果。故選G項(xiàng)。20題詳解】上文“Obesepeoplearecontagiouswiththefluvirus42percentlongerthanthosewhoaren’tobese.Becauseobesityislinkedtomanyhealthproblems,itmayaffectyourimmunesystem.(肥胖者感染流感病毒的時(shí)間比非肥胖者長(zhǎng)42%。因?yàn)檫^(guò)度肥胖與許多健康問題有關(guān)，它可能會(huì)影響你的免疫系統(tǒng))”介紹過(guò)度肥胖會(huì)造成健康問題，選項(xiàng)D“超重也可能使流感疫苗效果降低。”承接上文，說(shuō)明肥胖造成的另一問題，可能使流感疫苗效果降低。上文中obesity和選項(xiàng)中Extraweight語(yǔ)義一致，故選D項(xiàng)。二、完型填空（共15空，15分）IwastravelingonanovernightbusinMaharashtra.Thebuswasmorethanpacked;all55seatswere___21___andthereweresome20peoplestandingintheaisle.Theairinsidewashotandfilledwithstrange,unpleasantsmells.Thehotday___22___thedisfortofthe10hourjourneyontheroughandrockyroad.BecauseIwastravelingonastudentpass,Icouldnot___23___areservedseat.Ihadnooptionbuttostand—quite___24___.Afteraroundtwolonghours,Iwasbeyondexhaustedandbored.Ikepttryingto___25___myself,shiftingmybodyweightfromonelegtotheothertomanagethedisfort.Isuddenlyfeltasofthand___26___myelbow.Turningaround,Ifoundamiddleagedmanwithakindsmilelookingupatme.HestoodupandsaidIcouldtakehis___27___forsometime.Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer.After20minutes,I___28___himtotakebackhisspace.Aman,whowassittingbythewindowontheothersideofthebus,hadobservedour___29___.Justthen,somethingmagicalhappened.Ourobserver_____30_____stoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman.Thisgameofseatsharing_____31_____throughthebusand,beforelong,almostallthestandersgotachancetobeseated.Peopleevenstartedchattingwitheachotherwhileexchanging_____32_____,andsoonbegansharingjokesandsinging.Therestofthejourneywasquiteenjoyable.Thebusreacheditsdestinationintheearlymorning.Thegroupsquickly_____33_____andwenttheirway.Butthis_____34_____experiencehasstayedwithmeevenafteralltheseyears.Itrevealedtomeanimportantfactthatwecanall_____35_____whatwehave,includingourburdens,andhelpourcopassengersinthisjourneycalledlife.21.A.extended B.stolen C.occupied D.removed22.A.addedto B.belongedto C.attendedto D.turnedto23.A.admit B.fetch C.withdraw D.claim24.A.freely B.unfortably C.pleasantly D.guiltily25.A.bend B.bounce C.bow D.balance26.A.tapping B.hitting C.flipping D.dragging27.A.ticket B.seat C.venue D.chance28.A.sponsored B.instructed C.signaled D.licensed29.A.appointment B.violence C.exchange D.conflict30.A.occasionally B.especially C.properly D.voluntarily31.A.got B.spread C.saw D.went32.A.opinions B.cards C.positions D.addresses33.A.separated B.assembled C.negotiated D.resigned34.A.practical B.extraordinary C.random D.absurd35.A.reflect B.treasure C.categorize D.share【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.A27.B28.C29.C30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過(guò)敘述作者在Maharashtra乘坐夜間巴士的經(jīng)歷，展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)關(guān)于分享和互助的感人故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這輛巴士擠得滿滿當(dāng)當(dāng)；55個(gè)座位都坐滿了人，還有大約20個(gè)人站在過(guò)道上。A.extended延伸、延長(zhǎng)；B.stolen偷；C.occupied占據(jù)；D.removed去除。根據(jù)下文“thereweresome20peoplestandingintheaisle”可推測(cè)，55個(gè)座位都坐滿了人。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：炎熱天氣加上在崎嶇不平的道路上行駛的10小時(shí)旅程，讓人感到更加不適。A.addedto增加；B.belongedto屬于；C.attendedto注意、照料；D.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向。根據(jù)上文“Theairinsidewashotandfilledwithstrange,unpleasantsmells.”可知，巴士?jī)?nèi)已經(jīng)非常不舒適，而炎熱的天氣更加增添了不適。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲页钟袑W(xué)生票，所以我不能要求預(yù)留座位。A.admit承認(rèn)、允許進(jìn)入；B.fetch取回；C.withdraw撤回、撤退；D.claim要求、主張、聲稱。根據(jù)上文“BecauseIwastravelingonastudentpass”可知，作者持有的學(xué)生票，所以不能要求預(yù)留座位。故選D。【24題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我別無(wú)選擇，只能站著——非常不舒服。A.freely自由地；B.unfortably不舒服地；C.pleasantly愉快地；D.guiltily內(nèi)疚地、有罪地。根據(jù)上文“Thehotday___2___thedisfortofthe10hourjourneyontheroughandrockyroad.”可推測(cè)，作者此時(shí)非常不舒服，而長(zhǎng)時(shí)間站著則讓作者更加不舒服。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不斷嘗試著保持平衡，將身體重量從一條腿換到另一條腿，以緩解不適。A.bend彎曲、屈服；B.bounce彈起；C.bow鞠躬；D.balance平衡。根據(jù)下文“shiftingmybodyweightfromonelegtotheothertomanagethedisfort”可知，作者在努力保持平衡。故選D。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我感覺到一只柔軟的手輕輕拍了拍我的胳膊。A.tapping輕拍；B.hitting打擊、碰撞；C.flipping擲、翻轉(zhuǎn)；D.dragging拖。根據(jù)下文“Turningaround,Ifoundamiddleagedmanwithakindsmilelookingupatme.”可推測(cè)，作者感到有只手在輕拍自己的胳膊。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他站起身來(lái)說(shuō)我可以坐他的座位一段時(shí)間。A.ticket票；B.seat座位；C.venue場(chǎng)所；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)下文“Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer.After20minutes,I___8___himtotakebackhisspace.”可判斷，他是讓作者坐自己的座位。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：20分鐘后，我示意他坐回自己的位置。A.sponsored贊助；B.instructed指導(dǎo)；C.signaled發(fā)信號(hào)、示意；D.licensed特許。根據(jù)空后“himtotakebackhisspace”可知，作者是向他示意坐回自己的位置。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這時(shí)，坐在巴士另一側(cè)靠窗位置的一個(gè)男人目睹了我們的交換。A.appointment約定；B.violence暴力；C.exchange交換；D.conflict沖突。根據(jù)上文“Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer.After20minutes,I___8___himtotakebackhisspace.”可知，作者和身邊的這位男士互換了座位。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的旁觀者自愿站起身，將座位讓給了另一個(gè)站著的人。A.occasionally偶爾地；B.especially尤其；C.properly適當(dāng)?shù)?；D.voluntarily自動(dòng)地。自愿地。根據(jù)下文“Itrevealedtomeanimportantfactthatwecanall____15____whatwehave,includingourburdens,andhelpourcopassengersinthisjourneycalledlife.”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，這些人都是自愿讓出座位。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種讓座行為在巴士上迅速傳播開來(lái)，不久之后，幾乎所有站著的人都得到了座位。A.got得到；B.spread傳播；C.saw看見；D.went離開。根據(jù)下文“beforelong,almostallthestandersgotachancetobeseated.”可知，這種行為在巴士上蔓延開。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們?cè)诮粨Q位置的同時(shí)開始聊天，很快就開始分享笑話和唱歌。A.opinions觀點(diǎn)；B.cards卡片；C.positions位置、職位；D.addresses地點(diǎn)。根據(jù)上文“Ourobserver____10____stoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman.Thisgameofseatsharing____11____throughthebusand,beforelong,almostallthestandersgotachancetobeseated.”可知，人們一邊交換座位一邊聊天。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人們迅速分開，各奔東西。A.separated分開，分離，隔開；B.assembled聚集；C.negotiated協(xié)商；D.resigned辭職、放棄、順從。根據(jù)下文“wenttheirway”可知，人們迅速分開。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但這次非凡的經(jīng)歷即使過(guò)了這么多年，仍然留在我的記憶中。A.practical實(shí)用的；B.extraordinary非凡的；C.random任意的；D.absurd荒唐的。根據(jù)下文“experiencehasstayedwithmeevenafteralltheseyears”可知，即使過(guò)了這么多年，仍然留在我的記憶中，對(duì)于作者而言這是一次美好的，非凡的經(jīng)歷。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它向我揭示了一個(gè)重要的事實(shí)，那就是我們都可以分享我們所擁有的，包括我們的負(fù)擔(dān)，并在這段名為人生的旅程中幫助我們的同伴。A.reflect反映、反射；B.treasure珍視；C.categorize分類；D.share分享。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，巴士中有座位的人主動(dòng)將自己的座位提供給沒有座位的人，這是一種分享。故選D。三、語(yǔ)篇填空(10空，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Afte