2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧12段落大意的概括分析含解析

典型技巧12段落大意的概括分析【考情角度】考情分析自然生態(tài)類說明文中常包含人與動植物、自然與環(huán)境類主題，結(jié)構(gòu)層次清楚，常為總分或總分總結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾榻嵌瘸？疾榧?xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題、寫作意圖題、主旨大意題或段落大意題?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】(2024·浙江高考·C)主題語境：自然生態(tài)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawaseq\a\vs4\al(spared)oreq\a\vs4\al(unaffected)，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterseq\a\vs4\al(targeted)bigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleagueseq\a\vs4\al(documented)awidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatereq\a\vs4\al(shortage).Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingeq\a\vs4\al(incomparisonwith)howmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,eq\a\vs4\al(dampness)ofsoil,andtheeq\a\vs4\al(timing)ofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorseq\a\vs4\al(drivingup)waterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.2.Whichofthefollowingiseq\a\vs4\al(well-intentioned)eq\a\vs4\al(butmaybebadforbigtrees)？A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests. B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment. D.Firecontrolmeasures.3.Whatisaeq\a\vs4\al(majorcause)eq\a\vs4\al(ofthewatershortage)accordingtoMcIntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt. B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate. D.Dampnessoftheair.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California'sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案與解析1.A2.D3.C4.A1.由其次段中關(guān)鍵信息“declinedby50percent,fallenbymorethan55percent,thedeclinewasnearly75percent”可知，該段主要說明樹木數(shù)量削減的嚴(yán)峻性。2.由題干關(guān)鍵詞badforbigtrees，定位原文說明的大樹數(shù)量銳減的因素。由第三段最終一句過度的野火限制使加州森林長滿與大樹競爭的小樹苗，由此可推斷出答案。3.題干關(guān)鍵詞majorcause是原文biggestfactors的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，最終一段中提到的氣溫上升和積雪過早溶化是缺水的主要緣由。由此可推出正確答案。4.依據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞losthalfitsbigtrees，結(jié)合對樹木削減的緣由分析可確定文章標(biāo)題?！炯记舍屃x】抓關(guān)鍵詞，兼顧段落首尾，定段落大意?提出事實：加州大樹數(shù)量削減?利用數(shù)字說明加州森林樹木數(shù)量銳減的現(xiàn)狀?第3～6段說明樹林?jǐn)?shù)量削減的緣由：伐木建房、過度的野火限制、缺水、氣候變更。?文章多次出現(xiàn)decline,loss,fall等表“下降”的詞匯，文章主題句及標(biāo)題句應(yīng)體現(xiàn)“下降”這一點?！驹~匯積累】targetvt.把……作為攻擊目標(biāo)documentvt.記錄unaffectedadj.未受影響的shortagen.短缺dampnessn.潮氣timingn.時間sparevt.留出；勻出incomparisonwith與……比較driveup迫使……快速上升【技巧演練】（建議用時：45分鐘）1Thinkaboutwhatyoudidthismorning.Yougetoutofbedandgetyourselfreadyfortheday.Manypeopletakeforgrantedthefactthattheyareabletodothisindependently.Imagineforamomentthatyoucouldn'tdressyourselformakeyourownbreakfast.Nowimagineifthisishowyouwillwakeupfortherestofyourlife.ForIvyKrause,thisisherreality.IvyhasamedicalconditionknownasEpidermolysisBullosa(表皮溶解水泡癥)，orEB,wheretheslightesttouchcanblisterandevenremoveherskin.IvyhasthemostsevereformofEBwhereherskinisaffectedbothexternallyandinternally.Simpletaskslikegoingtothetoiletandgettingdressedaremadeverydifficult.MobilityislimitedasIvy'sskinhasbecometight,andherfingershavefusedtogether,withtheonlywaytoreversethisbeingsurgery.EBisaverypainfulcondition,andwhatismostheartbreakingisknowingthatthisbeautiful,smiling,littlegirlislivinginconstantextremepain.Thisiswherecarersandtrainedbabysitterscomein.YvonneMcMullanhasbeencaringforIvyforthepast3years,andsaidithasbeenboththeworstandbestexperience."It'shard.Forher,especiallyatthisage,sheneedscontinuityofcare.Byhavingthesamenursestreatingher,Ivyknowsthatweloveandcareaboutherasmuchasshelovesus.Butwithoutbeingthere,youdon'tknowjusthowsorrowfulitistoseeherinpain.It'sheartbreaking."Ivyisafighterinalmosteverysenseoftheword.Shehasencouragedsomanypeopletogivebacktothecommunityanddonatetocharitieswhosupportthefamiliesofyoungchildrenlivingwithdisabilities,evenjusttoshowappreciationtothegiftoflifeandopportunity.Eventhoughsheiscoveredwithbandages,herstrongwillforlifeismovingandinspiring,justlikeabutterfly,facingsomanybarrierswhichstilldoesitsbesttocomeoutofthechrysalis(蝶蛹).1.WhatiswrongwithIvyKrause?A.Shedoesn'tknowhowtocook. B.Shecan'tliveonherown.C.Sheisparticularforfood. D.Sheistoolazy.2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThereasonforIvy'sillness. B.ThesymptomofIvy'sEB.C.ThecuresoftreatingEB. D.Theresearchonskin.3.WhichwordscandecribeIvy?A.Generousandencouraging. B.Optimisticandgrateful.C.Ambitiousandcaring. D.Independentandunselfish.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Aheartbrokenbabysitter B.AstrangecaseeverfoundC.Abutterflybeneaththebandages D.Theappreciationtothegiftoflife【答案】1.B2.B3.B4.C【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。身患表皮溶解水泡癥的Ivy生活不能自理，每天生活在苦痛之中，但也依舊對生活充溢希望，激勵他人回報社會。1.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的“Imagineforamomentthatyoucouldn'tdressyourselformakeyourownbreakfast.Nowimagineifthisishowyouwillwakeupfortherestofyourlife.ForIvyKrause,thisisherreality.”（想象一下，你不能自己穿衣，也不能自己做早餐。再想象一下，假如這就是你余生醒來的方式。對IvyKrause來說，這就是她的現(xiàn)實）可知，IvyKrause生活不能自理。故選B。2.主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段的主要內(nèi)容，尤其“IvyhasthemostsevereformofEBwhereherskinisaffectedbothexternallyandinternally.......MobilityislimitedasIvy'sskinhasbecometight,andherfingershavefusedtogether,”（Ivy患有最嚴(yán)峻的一種表皮溶解水泡癥，她的內(nèi)外皮膚都受到了影響。......行動受到限制，因為Ivy的皮膚已經(jīng)變得特別緊繃，她的手指也已經(jīng)融合再一起）可知，本段主要陳述Ivy的表皮溶解水泡癥的癥狀。故選B。3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的“Byhavingthesamenursestreatingher,Ivyknowsthatweloveandcareaboutherasmuchasshelovesus.”（通過讓相同的護(hù)士看護(hù)她，Ivy知道我們對她的愛和關(guān)切正如她愛我們一樣多）可知，雖然身患疾病，但I(xiàn)vy還是對四周的人表達(dá)出愛意，由此可知她很樂觀。依據(jù)最終一段的“Shehasencouragedsomanypeopletogivebacktothecommunityanddonatetocharitieswhosupportthefamiliesofyoungchildrenlivingwithdisabilities,evenjusttoshowappreciationtothegiftoflifeandopportunity.”（她激勵許多人回饋社會，向幫助殘疾兒童家庭的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款，即使只是為了表達(dá)對生命和機(jī)會的感謝）可知，即使身患疾病Ivy仍舊激勵他人回饋社會，由此可知，Ivy是一個感恩的人。綜上所述，Ivy是一個樂觀且知道感恩的人，故選B。4.主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講解并描述身患表皮溶解水泡癥的Ivy生活不能自理，每天生活在苦痛之中，但也依舊對生活充溢希望，病激勵他人回報社會。再結(jié)合最終一段的“Eventhoughsheiscoveredwithbandages,herstrongwillforlifeismovingandinspiring,justlikeabutterfly,facingsomanybarrierswhichstilldoesitsbesttocomeoutofthechrysalis(蝶蛹).”（盡管身體纏滿繃帶，但她堅毅的生命意志卻令人感動，讓人激昂。Ivy就像一只蝴蝶，面對重重阻礙，她仍努力沖破繭的束縛）可知，雖然全身纏滿繃帶，她就像是裹在繭里的蝴蝶，憑借堅韌的毅力破繭而出。由此可知，“繃帶下的蝴蝶”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。2Fitnessjunkies(上癮者)lockedoutofgyms,commuters(上班族)fearfulofpublictransport,andfamiliesgoingcrazyinsidetheirhomesduringthecoronaviruspandemic(冠狀病毒大流行)havecreatedaboom(旺盛)inbicyclesalesunseenindecades.BicyclesalesoverthepasttwomonthssawtheirbiggestspikeintheU.S.sincetheoilcrisisofthe1970s,saidJayTownley,whoanalyzescyclingindustrytrendsatHumanPoweredSolutions.“Peoplequitefranklyhavepanicked,andthey’rebuyingbikesliketoiletpaper,”Townleysaid,referringtotherushtobuyessentialsliketoiletpaperandhandsanitizer(殺菌劑)thatstoressawatthebeginningofthepandemic.Thetrendismirroredaroundtheglobe,ascitieslikeManilaandRome,setupbikelanes(車道)toaccommodategrowinginterestincyclingwhilepublictransportremainsreduced.InLondon,authoritiesplantogofurtherbybanningcarsfromsomecentralhighways.Therearemultiplereasonsforthepandemicbicycleboom.Aroundtheworld,manyworkerswerelookingforanalternativetobusesandsubways.Peopleunabletogototheirgymslookedforanotherwaytoexercise.Andshut-infamiliestriedtofindawaytokeepkidsactiveduringstay-at-homeorders.Thepandemicisalsodrivingaboominelectric-assistbikes,callede-bikes,whichwereaminorpartoftheoverallmarketuntilnow.SalesatCowboy,aBelgiane-bikemaker,tripled(三倍增長)intheJanuary-Aprilperiodfromlastyear.Notably,theyspikedinBritainandFranceataroundthesametimeinMaythatthosecountriesstartedeasinglockdownrestrictions,saidChiefMarketingOfficerBenoitSimeray.JoeMinutolo,co-ownerofBarHarborBicycleShop,saidhehopesthesalesgrowthtranslatesintolong-termchange.“Peoplearehavingachancetorethinkthings,”hesaid.“Maybewe'llalllearnsomethingoutofthis,andsomethingreallygoodwillhappen.”5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spike”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Decline. B.Restriction.C.Increase. D.Disappearance.6.WhatcanbeknownaboutManilaandRome?A.BikeLanesaresetupforcyclists.B.Localsstillrushtobuytoiletpaper.C.Carsarebannedfromsomemainroads.D.E-bikessellmuchbetterthanothercategories.7.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theappearanceofe-bikes.B.Thereasonsforthebicycleboom.C.Thedailyactivitiesofshut-infamilies.D.Thetrafficconditionsaroundtheworld.8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toencouragereaderstobuybicycles.B.Toinformreadersofthebicycleboom.C.Topresentattitudestowardsthebicycleboom.D.Tointroducethenewdevelopmentofbicycles.【答案】5.C6.A7.B8.B【分析】本文是說明文。在冠狀病毒大流行期間催生了幾十年來未見的自行車銷售熱潮。5.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)其次段的“BicyclesalesoverthepasttwomonthssawtheirbiggestspikeintheU.S.sincetheoilcrisisofthe1970s(在美國，過去兩個月里自行車銷售見證了自20世紀(jì)70年頭石油危機(jī)以來的巨大spike)”和““Peoplequitefranklyhavepanicked,andthey’rebuyingbikesliketoiletpaper,”Townleysaid,referringtotherushtobuyessentialsliketoiletpaperandhandsanitizer(殺菌劑).(Townleysaid說：“坦白說，人們已經(jīng)恐慌了，他們像買廁紙一樣購買自行車”，他的意思是人們爭相搶購生活必需品，例如廁紙、殺菌劑)”可知，在冠狀病毒大流行期間人們感到恐慌，像搶購生活必需品一樣爭相搶購自行車。由此可知，在過去的兩個月里自行車銷量大漲，即劃線詞的意思是“上漲”。故選C。6.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的“Thetrendismirroredaroundtheglobe,ascitieslikeManilaandRome,setupbikelanestoaccommodategrowinginterestincyclingwhilepublictransportremainsreduced.(這一趨勢在全球各地都得到了反映，例如Manila和羅馬等城市建立了自行車道，以滿意人們對騎車日益增長的愛好，而公共交通仍舊在削減)”可知，在Manila和Rome建了自行車車道。故選A。7.主旨大意題。分析段落結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本段是總——分結(jié)構(gòu)，即第一句為中心句。依據(jù)第一句“Therearemultiplereasonsforthepandemicbicycleboom.(自行車大流行的熱潮有多種緣由)”可知，本段主要說明自行車銷售熱潮的各種緣由。故選B。8.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第一段的“familiesgoingcrazyinsidetheirhomesduringthecoronaviruspandemic(冠狀病毒大流行)havecreatedaboom(旺盛)inbicyclesalesunseenindecades.(冠狀病毒大流行在室內(nèi)待到發(fā)瘋的家庭創(chuàng)建了幾十年來前所未見的自行車銷售熱潮)”可知，本文是說明文，旨在向讀者介紹在冠狀病毒大流行期間出現(xiàn)的自行車銷售熱潮現(xiàn)象。故選B。3Nexttimeyougoonholiday,it'sgoingtofeelprettydifferent.Youmayhavetowearafacemask.Andthatmeansgettingyourpointacrossinanunfamiliarlanguage—allwhilekeepingyourmouthcovered—couldbecomeabitofaproblem.That'swheretheC-mask,byJapanesecompanyDonutRobotics,comesin.It'sasmart,Internet-connectedmouthcoveringthatcanmakecalls,raisethewearer’svoice,andmosthelpfullyfortravelers,translateconversationsintoeightdifferentlanguages.Ifneedbe,yousimplyplaceitoverastandardfacemaskandconnectitviaBluetoothtoasmartphone.Aspecialappwillthenallowyoutorecordliveconversations,turnthemintotextandtranslatethemintoEnglish,Chinese,French,Korean,Thai,Indonesian,SpanishorVietnamese(currentlyonlyfromJapanese)—makingiteasytounderstandwhatpeoplearesaying.Itwon'tactuallyspeakthetranslatedphrasesforyou,butitdoeshaveabuilt-inamplifier（擴(kuò)音器）tohelpyoumakeyourselfheard.“Weworkedhardforyearstodeveloparobotandwehaveusedwhatwe'veresearchedtocreateaproductthatrespondstohowCOVID-19hasreshapedsociety,''Donut'sCEOrecentlytoldreporters.Thefirmhasalreadyraisedmorethan28millionyenviacrowdfundingtodeveloptheproduct,whichwillgoonsalefor3,980yeninJapan.Thereareallmanneroffashionable,eco-friendlymasksyoucannowgetyourhandson—checkouttheseinLondon,SingaporeandBarcelona.Butincreatinganaffordable,high-techmask,Donutcouldwellbeontosomething.9.TheC-maskisdevelopedto_______.A.seekfashion. B.reshapesociety.C.replacecellphones. D.promotecommunication.10.What’sthemainideaofParagraph3?A.HowtheC-maskspeaks.B.HowtheC-maskworks.C.WhatadvantagestheC-maskbrings.D.WhatlanguagestheC-masktranslates.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"beontosomething"inthelastparagraphmean?A.takealook. B.earnaliving.C.makeadifference. D.issueawarning.12.Inwhichcolumnofawebsitedoweprobablyreadthistext?A.Health. B.Tourism. C.Fashion. D.Technology.【答案】9.D10.B11.C12.D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了日本DonutRobotics研發(fā)的一種可以促進(jìn)溝通的高科技智能口罩，包括它的工作原理和市場等。9.推理推斷題。依據(jù)一段的“Youmayhavetowearafacemask.Andthatmeansgettingyourpointacrossinanunfamiliarlanguage—allwhilekeepingyourmouthcovered—couldbecomeabitofaproblem.”（你不得不帶上口罩。那就意味著要用一種不熟識的語言表達(dá)你的觀點——同時你的嘴要捂住——這可能是一個問題。）以及其次段的“That'swheretheC-mask,byJapanesecompanyDonutRobotics,comesin.”（這就是日本DonutRobotics公司生產(chǎn)C-mask發(fā)揮作用的地方。）可推知，研發(fā)C-mask主要是為了促進(jìn)溝通。故選D。10.主旨大意題。依據(jù)第三段的“Ifneedbe,yousimplyplaceitoverastandardfacemaskandconnectitviaBluetoothtoasmartphone.Aspecialappwillthenallowyoutorecordliveconversations,turnthemintotextandtranslatethemintoEnglish,Chinese,French,Korean,Thai,Indonesian,SpanishorVietnamese(currentlyonlyfromJapanese)”（假如有須要，你只須要將它戴在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的口罩上，并通過藍(lán)牙連接到智能手機(jī)上。然后，一個特別的應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒃试S你記錄現(xiàn)場對話，把它們轉(zhuǎn)化成文本和翻譯成英語、中文、法語、韓語、泰語、印尼語、西班牙語或者越南語（目前只限日語））可知，本段主要講解并描述了C-mask的工作原理。故選B。11.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)最終一段的“Thereareallmanneroffashionable,eco-friendlymasksyoucannowgetyourhandson—checkouttheseinLondon,SingaporeandBarcelona.Butincreatinganaffordable,high-techmask,Donutcouldwellbeontosomething.”可知，你可以在倫敦、新加坡和巴塞羅那買到各種時尚、環(huán)保的口罩。但開發(fā)一個負(fù)擔(dān)得起的、高科技的口罩，Donut可能特別beontosomething。依據(jù)句意可知，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折意義，上文說時尚環(huán)保的口罩隨處能買，故推想Donut公司研發(fā)價格合理的高科技口罩真的是特別了不得的，能給人們帶來了很大的影響。即劃線部分的意思是“有影響”。故選C。12.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段“That'swheretheC-mask,byJapanesecompanyDonutRobotics,comesin.It'sasmart,Internet-connectedmouthcoveringthatcanmakecalls,raisethewearers’voice,andmosthelpfullyfortravelers,translateconversationsintoeightdifferentlanguages.”(這就是日本DonutRobotics公司生產(chǎn)C-mask發(fā)揮作用的地方。這種智能聯(lián)網(wǎng)的口罩可以打電話、提高佩戴者的聲音，同時也為旅行者供應(yīng)了幫助，可以將談話翻譯成八種語言。)可知，文章主要介紹了一種高科技的智能口罩，屬于科技范疇，因此本文很有可能出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)頁的科技版面。故選D。4WhatiftheMoonhadneverexisted?ForstartersweknowthatthegeophysicalandclimatologicalhistoryoftheEarthwouldhavebeendifferent.AlthoughthereisstilllargeuncertaintyabouthowtheMoonwasformed,themostcurrentlyfavoredtheorydescribesadisastrouscollisionbetweentheEarthandanotherplanetaryobject.ThateventforeverchangedmanyaspectsoftheEarth'sevolution.Forexample,witharelativelylargenaturalsatelliteputtinggravitationaltidalforces(潮汐力)onit,theEarth'sspinbehaviorhasbeenquitedifferentthanitwouldhavebeenotherwise.Daylengthhasincreasedmorerapidlythanwithoutamoon.AndthenaturalchangesinthedirectionoftheEarth'sspinaxis(軸)-itspoles-havebeenlessthantheywouldhavebeenotherwise.AshorterdaylengthandaxialvariationslikethesewouldhavechangedtheEarth'sclimatehistory,andalmostcertainlyhavechangedthewayanylifeevolved.Butifaspecieslikeushadstillappeared,itslandscapeforspaceexplorationwouldalsohavebeencompletelydifferent.Withoutalargenaturalsatellite,amerequarterofamillionmilesaway,therewouldhavebeenno"easy"triptomaketoanotherworld.Iftherehadbeenafirsthumanmissiontoanotherworld,itwouldlikelyhavebeentoMars.Butthiswouldsurelyhavecalledforfarmoreextensivedesigningofspacecraftandlife-supportsystemsfordeepspace.PerhapsinsteadtheinitialfocuswouldhavebeenentirelyonEarth-orbitingequipmentforpeopleandroboticmissionstootherworlds.Or,maybetheattractionoftheseeminglynearimpossiblewouldstillhaveencouragedthesehumansfromanalternaterealitytotakethegreatleaptoMarsastheirfirststepoutwards.Itisofcourse,impossibletoknowexactlywhatourworldwouldreallybelikewithouttheMoon-bothphysically,andintermsofhumanexploration.Butonethingdoesseemclear:weprobablytakeournaturalsatellite'sexistencefartoomuchforgranted.Noteveryinhabitedplanetintheunivers