新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練09 人物傳記類閱讀理解(原卷版)

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）09專練09人物傳記類閱讀理解【命題意圖】閱讀理解從能力的角度來講，考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語的能力，具體地說，就是通過閱讀有關(guān)文章提取有用信息的能力。【考試方向】記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，通常有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時(shí)間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過程中，我們一直在某個(gè)線索的引導(dǎo)下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個(gè)故事或一件事情的始末，因此會感到比較輕松。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應(yīng)特別注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，應(yīng)讀懂故事的發(fā)生，發(fā)展，高潮和結(jié)局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蘊(yùn)含的哲理意義；（3）若是＂逸聞趣事＂，應(yīng)體會對話的風(fēng)趣性，進(jìn)而才能感受幽默的精髓?！镜梅忠c(diǎn)】高考閱讀理解體裁紛繁多樣，但每套試卷通常包含一到兩篇記敘文。在所有的閱讀體裁中，記敘文的難度相對是比較低的。如果掌握了閱讀的技巧，多多實(shí)踐，閱讀能力就有可能大大提高。要熟練掌握記敘文的閱讀技巧，了解記敘文的寫作特點(diǎn)與命題特點(diǎn)也是有必要的。一、記敘文寫作特點(diǎn)記敘文是一種記載和敘述事件由來，描繪事物和人物情景狀態(tài)、過程及發(fā)展的文體。消息、通訊、傳記、游記、小說、童話、寓言以及記敘性的散文等文體，都屬于記敘文的范疇。就寫作順序而言，記敘文要么是按時(shí)間順序，要么是按事件的重要性的順序來展開。不管是哪種敘述方法，最后經(jīng)常會有一兩句話抒發(fā)作者的情緒與感悟，這是記敘文的精華所在，也是閱讀的難點(diǎn)所在，可謂＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。二、記敘文命題特點(diǎn)從命題形式上看，常見的有細(xì)節(jié)理解、詞義猜測、主旨大意、推理判斷、作者意圖等題型。除了推論或詞義辨識題，記敘文命題的順序一般都會按照文章的脈絡(luò)和故事發(fā)展的順序?qū)訉油七M(jìn)，否則就會覺得別扭，邏輯不通。同時(shí)，記敘文需要事件的發(fā)展過程作支撐，一半以上的題目都會用來檢測考生對故事的了解，因此，我們必須弄明白整件事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。而其余像主旨大意、作者意圖之類的題目，則取決于文章的落句，集中考查對作者所發(fā)的感觸的理解。總之，細(xì)節(jié)題是記敘文命題的主流題型。而寓意之類的題則是高一層次的題，有一定的難度和區(qū)分度，它們是拉開距離的題，答對了這些題，你才有可能成功地躋身高分之列。綜上所述，記敘文的應(yīng)對策略即：不漏細(xì)節(jié)，奠定基礎(chǔ)；把準(zhǔn)寓意，方能成功。三、記敘文答題技巧一把鑰匙開一把鎖。要解答好記敘文閱讀理解題，就應(yīng)該有一套針對性強(qiáng)的方法和技巧。下面是我們在閱讀教學(xué)中積累下來的一點(diǎn)心得體會，希望能對大家有所幫助。No.1順藤摸瓜記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過程中的細(xì)節(jié)，包括記敘文的5W（what,who,when,where,why）要素。因此我們作答細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候，就沒有那么復(fù)雜，一般只需要由前到后，從上到下，一題一題地做就可以了。No.2左顧右盼在做題過程中，我們大都不能在文中找到與題干一字不差的詞語或句子。這時(shí)我們需要認(rèn)真研究問題，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語，然后到文中準(zhǔn)確地找到與之相關(guān)的語句，或是疑似語句的位置，接著去左顧，或右盼，在前句或后句尋找線索。No.3刨根問底如前所述，主旨大意題或推理判斷、作者意圖題等實(shí)際上是同一類型的問題，或者說是可用同種方法解答的題型。在解答此類題目的時(shí)候，不可被題干的表象所迷惑，要像剝洋蔥一樣，一層一層地剝；在四個(gè)可選項(xiàng)中，一個(gè)一個(gè)地去證實(shí)，去排除。特別是解答推論或暗指類的題目，比如＂Whatcanbeinferredfrom…?＂或是Whatdoestheauthorimplyin…?＂之類的題目，文中所陳述的往往不是答案。我們要在文前文后去查找，在字里行間里去尋覓。有時(shí)還少不了借助自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常理來體會這言外之意。No.4撥云見日每年的高考閱讀題中，特別是記敘文的閱讀題，都會出現(xiàn)一至兩道詞義猜測題。而這些詞匯往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有點(diǎn)頭之交，在文中卻另有新意的，總之，猜的是那些在高考詞匯表要求之外的詞匯。小小的一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語，考核的不是你的語法的熟練程度，也不是你的記憶力，而是你對文章通篇或者一個(gè)段落的整體把握和變通能力。這時(shí)，你不僅需要＂左顧右盼＂，還需要在幾句話，一個(gè)段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行間中快速搜尋，看看前面、后面都發(fā)生了些什么；反復(fù)琢磨人物、事物，或者人物與事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，才可能在最后撥開團(tuán)團(tuán)迷霧，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案。【真題再現(xiàn)】【2020·新高考全國卷I，B】JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(學(xué)費(fèi)),becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(犧牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.''Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,''shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?A.Totakecareofherkidseasily. B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents. D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealth. B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation. D.Herchanceofpromotion.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?A.Timeismoney. B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff. D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大學(xué)教育的情況下，通過自己的努力，以及家人的幫助完成了四年學(xué)位。她的努力不僅讓自己以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)，還給家人，尤其是她的三個(gè)孩子樹立了榜樣，讓他們得到了激勵(lì)。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.(高中畢業(yè)后，Jennifer上了一所當(dāng)?shù)氐募夹g(shù)學(xué)院來支付她的學(xué)費(fèi)，因?yàn)榧依餂]有額外的錢用來支付大學(xué)教育)可知，高中畢業(yè)后Jennifer通過自己掙錢來完成大學(xué)教學(xué)，因?yàn)榧依餂]有額外的錢。C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.(她自食其力讀完了大學(xué))符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.(她選擇了位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫醫(yī)院的UW-EauClaire項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)樗梢栽陔x家近的地方攻讀四年的學(xué)位。她可以開車去上課，晚上可以回家照顧孩子)可知，Jennifer選擇位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫醫(yī)院的UW-EauClaire項(xiàng)目是因?yàn)殡x家近，這樣便于照顧她的三個(gè)孩子。A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.(為了方便照顧她的孩子)符合以上說法，故選A項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.(Jennifer為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)犧牲了很多，她放棄了很多個(gè)和孩子待在一起的晚上，錯(cuò)過了很多重要的活動)可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)Jennifer放棄了和家人待在一起的時(shí)光。B.Hertimewithfamily.(她與家人的時(shí)光)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Throughitall,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.(雖然經(jīng)歷了這些，但她一直保持著良好的學(xué)術(shù)地位，并以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè))和However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat’stheprettypowerful.(然而，她的孩子們在見證母親獲得學(xué)位的過程中得到了重要的一課。Jennifer是第一代畢業(yè)生，這對她的家庭來說是一種激勵(lì)--這是非常強(qiáng)大的。)可知，Jennifer在艱苦的環(huán)境中通過自己的努力不僅以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)，還給孩子樹立了榜樣，同時(shí)也讓家人得到了激勵(lì)。由此推測，我們可以從Jennifer的故事中學(xué)到:努力總會有回報(bào)。C.Hardworkpaysoff.(努力會得到回報(bào))符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)?！绢}型演練】1The2020NobelPrizeinliteraturehasbeenawardedtoformerU.S.PoetLaureate（桂冠詩人）LouiseGluck.Theprizecommitteecited“heruniquepoeticvoicethatwithplainbeautymakesindividualexistenceuniversal”.GluckisthefirstAmericanwomantowintheawardsinceToniMorrisonin1993.Gluck,77,joinsalistofliterarygiantsandpreviousNobelistswhoinclude,inthiscentury,Canadianshort-storymasterAliceMunro,Chinesemagical-realistMoYan,etc.Gluck’sworkincludes12collectionsofpoetryandafewvolumesofessaysonliterarywriting.“Allarecharacterizedbyastrivingforclarity（清晰）.Childhoodandfamilylife,thecloserelationshipwithparentsandsiblings,isathemethathasremainedcentraltoher,”AndersOlsson,thechairmanoftheNobelCommitteeforLiterature,said.“Sheseekstheuniversal,andinthisshetakesinspirationfrommythsandclassicalmotifs,”O(jiān)lssonadded,citingher2006collectionAverno,whichthecommitteedescribedas“masterly”forits“visionaryinterpretationofthemythofPersephone’s(珀?duì)柸Ｄ?fallintohellinthecaptivity(囚禁)ofHades(哈得斯),thegodofdeath”.BeingaprofessoratYaleandaresidentofCambridge,GluckalsoservedasU.S.PoetLaureatefrom2003to2004andisnostrangertoawards.ShewonthePulitzerPrizein1993forhercollectionofpoemstitledTheWildIris,inwhich“shedescribestheincrediblereturnoflifeafterwinterinthepoemSnowdrops,”theNobelliteraturecommitteesaidThursday.Shealsowonthe2014NationalBookAwardforthepoemFaithfulandVirtuousNight.In2016,PresidentObamaawardedtheNationalHumanitiesMedaltoGluckinaWhiteHouseceremony.Thepublicity-shyGluckdidnotimmediatelyissueanycommentaboutthelatesthonorforherbodyofwork,whichspansmorethanhalfacentury.Ina2012interview,sheacknowledgedthatprizescanmake“existenceintheworldeasier”butdidnotamounttotheimmortality(不朽)ofatrueartist.1.WhatcanweknowaboutGluckfromParagraph1?A.SheisaspopularastheChinesenovelistMoYan.B.ShewontheNobelPrizeforherspecialliterarystyle.C.SheisthefirstAmericantowinaNobelPrizeinliterature.D.SheistheonlyPoetLaureateinmodernAmericanhistory.2.WhatdoGluck’spoemsmainlyfocuson?A.Dailylife. B.Nature.C.Careers. D.Classicalmyths.3.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph3?A.ToshowGluck’scontributionstoliterature.B.ToproveGluck’sgreatpassionforwriting.C.TopresentGluck’soutstandingachievements.D.TostressGluck’sinfluenceonotherpoets.4.WhatdoesGluckthinkaboutthehonorshehasreceived?A.Sheiscontentwithit.B.Shetakesitveryseriously.C.Shedeservesahigherhonor.D.Shedoesn’tattachgreatimportancetoit.2ElizabethFreemanwasbornabout1742toAfricanAmericanparentswhowereslaves.Attheageofsixmonthsshewasacquired,alongwithhersister,byJohnAshley,awealthyMassachusettsslaveholder.Shebecameknownas“Mumbet”or“MumBett”.Fornearly30yearsMumbetservedtheAshleyfamily.Oneday,Ashley’swifetriedtostrikeMumbet’ssisterwithaspade.Mumbetprotectedhersisterandtooktheblowinstead.Furious,sheleftthehouseandrefusedtocomeback.WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn,Mumbetconsultedalawyer,TheodoreSedgewick.Withhishelp,Mumbetsued（起訴）forherfreedom.WhileservingtheAshleys,MumbethadlistenedtomanydiscussionsofthenewMassachusettsconstitution.Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.Eventually,Mumbetwonherfreedom—thefirstslaveinMassachusettstodosounderthenewconstitution.Strangelyenough,afterthetrial,theAshleysaskedMumbettocomebackandworkforthemasapaidemployee.ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.Mumbetdiedin1829,butherlegacylivedoninhermanydescendant（后裔）.Oneofhergreat-grandchildrenwasW.E.B.DuBois,oneofthefoundersoftheNAACP,andanimportantwriterandspokespersonforAfricanAmericancivilrights.Mumbet’stombstone,stillstandsintheMassachusettscemeterywhereshewasburied.Itreads,inpart:“Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite,yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.”5.WhatledtoMumbetrunningawayfromtheAshleys?A.Findinganewemployer. B.Wantingtobealawyer.C.Beingabusedandangry. D.Attendingtohersister.6.WhatinfluencedidthediscussionofthenewconstitutionhaveonMumbet?A.IthelpedMumbettobetterservetheAshleys.B.ItremindedMumbettowinherequalityandfreedom.C.ItcausedMumbettoviolatethenewconstitution.D.IthelpedMumbettoapplyforajobsmoothly.7.WhatdoweknowaboutMumbetafterthetrial?A.Shechosetoworkforalawyer.B.Shebecameawriterinherownfield.C.ShefoundedtheNAACPforhergrandchildren.D.Shejumpedatthechancetobeapaidemployee.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Astoryofafamouswriterandspokesperson.B.Thefriendshipbetweenalawyerandaslave.C.ThelifeofabraveAfricanAmericanwoman.D.Atrialthatshockedthewholeworld.3RoseMcGeebakessweetpotatopiesformourningcommunitiesalloverthecountry.Thisyear,shefoundherselfservingsweetreliefinherownbackyard.OnthefirstnightofthepolicecurfewinMinneapolislastsummer,RoseMcGeebarelyslept."PeopleIknowwereoutonthestreets,saysthe69-year-oldresidentofnearbyGoldenValley."Iwasworried.”McGeedecidedtostayupthefollowingnightandbakesweetpotatopies.Inthemorning,goodswerefirstsenttomournersatGeorgeFloyd'smemorialsite.Shedeliveredherbakedgoodsfirsttojust14milesaway,andthentoprotestorsandvolunteersattheMinneapolisbranchoftheNAACP.Thefollowingweekend,shetookdozensmoretoatemporaryfooddistributioncenterinSt.Paulwheremanygrocerystoreshadbeendestroyed.Sadly,McGeehasmadeSweetPotatoComfortPies,asshecallsthem,alltooofteninrecentyears.Shebakedherfirstpackin2014,afternewsofunrestbrokeoutinFerguson,Missouri,followingthepolicekillingofMichaelBrown.McGeedrovemorethan500milestoFergusontopersonallydeliverthe30piesshehadmadeinthesameyear.Thenextyear,sheshippedmoretoCharleston,SouthCarolina,wherenineworshippershadbeenshotdeadattheMotherEmanuelAMEChurch.Aftertwoyears,McGee'spiescomfortedthoseinandaroundMinneapolisafterpoliceofficersfatallyshotJamarClarkandPhilandoCastile.“Lookingatthosewhoareinsuffering,Iaminsorrow.I'mlookingforwardtocomfortingthem.Aspeoplecarrythesepies,they'reabletohavedialogues,abletolistentoeachother.”McGeesays,“Ifwedon'tstartlisteningmore,Idon'tknowhowwe'lleverbeabletomoveforward.Thepiesaresimplywhatcanpromotethat.”9.ThereasonwhyMcGeewasworriedonthatnightisthat.A.herneighborsmightstayuptoolateB.potatopieswerenotenoughtodistributeC.manyneighborswerearrestedbythepoliceD.peoplehungouttogetherinthenightagainstthecurfew10.Whathappenedintheyearof2015?A.Thepoliceandresidentscameintobattle.B.Nineworshipperswerekilledbygunshot.C.ThepolicemurderedJamarClarkpurposely.D.McGeebakedherfirstsweetpotatopiessuccessfully.11.McGeemadeSweetPotatoComfortPieto.A.warnthepolicenottomistreatcitizens B.comfortthosewhosufferedfamilyabuseC.motivatetheresidentstofightforfairness D.teachpeoplehowtobuildagoodrelationship12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.People'shelpinginsuffering. B.Therelieffromvictimsinaccidents.C.Thecomfortgiventopeopleinhardship. D.People'sbeingwillingtocommunicate.4AhistoryofvaccinationEBOLA,adeadlyvirus,hasbecomeoneoftheworld’sbiggestproblemsthissummer.SincelastDecember,ithaskilledover1,200people,mostoftheminWestAfrica.Scientistsallovertheworldareactingtostopthe“monster”.Theyaredevelopingmedicines,butmoreimportantly,theyareexperimentingwithvaccinestopreventpeoplefromgettinginfectedinthefirstplace.ThatchangehappenedlargelybecauseoftheBritishdoctorandscientistEdwardJenner,thepioneerofsmallpoxvaccination.Vaccinationhasalwaysbeenapowerfulshieldagainstdiseases.Thenamesofthosediseasesusedtobefrighteninghouseholdnames,butnowtheyareallbutforgotten.JennerwasborninEnglandin1749.Inhistime,smallpoxwasoneofthegreatestkillersoftheperiod,especiallyamongchildren.ButJennernoticedthatmilkmaidsseldomcaughtsmallpox.Whatwasthesecret?Jennerhadabraveguess:Cowssometimescaught“cowpox”,adiseasesimilartosmallpoxbutmuchlessdangerous.Thepusfromthecow’sbodygotontothemilkmaids’handsandprotectedthemfromsmallpox.In1796Jennercarriedoutanexperimentonan8-year-oldboy,thesonofhisgardener.Hefirstmadesomescratchesontheboy’sarm,andthenrubbedthepusintothem.Later,whentheboywasexposedtothesmallpoxvirus,hewasn’tinfected.Jenner’stheorywasproven:alessdangerousvirusmakesyourbodylearntodestroyit.Yourbodycanthenmoreeasilydestroyanysimilarvirusesthatitlatermeets.However,manypeoplecouldn’taccepthisideaatthetime.Tothem,itwasdisgustingtoputmaterialfromadiseasedanimalintosomeone’sbody.Anopponentdrewacartoonin1802inwhichpeoplewhowerevaccinatedbegantogrowcow’sheads.Buttheobviouseffectsofvaccinationwonout,andvaccinationsoonbecamewidespread.Theterms“vaccine”and“vaccination”camefromvariolaevaccinae,whichJennerusedtocall“cowpox”.TohonorJenner,peoplearenowusingthetermsforinoculationagainstanydisease.So,whenwillJenner’slegacysavepeoplefromEbola?Itwon’ttakelong,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.ItisexpectingtoconsidertheemergencyuseofEbolavaccinesbytheendof2014.13.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A.Howvaccinationsprotectusfromdangerousdiseases.B.ThecommoneffortsofscientiststofindacureforEbola.C.Howthefirstvaccineandvaccinationscameabout.D.EdwardJenner’sfightagainstsmallpox.14.FromthetextwecanconcludethatJenner______.A.curedpeopleaftertheyhadsmallpoxB.interviewedmanymilkmaidsbeforehetestedhistheoryC.foundthatthesmallpoxvaccineworkedbetteronchildrenthanadultsD.cameupwithatheorybasedonobservationandhisknowledgeofdiseases15.Whatcouldbeinferredfromthearticle?A.Jenner’ssmallpoxvaccinecouldbeusedtofightagainstEbola.B.Smallpoxvaccinationwasnotwidelyacceptedbythepublicatfirst.C.Thewayvaccinesworkhaschangedalotovertheyears.D.ItwillonlytakemonthsbeforeEbolavaccinesarewidelyused.5OnacoldNovembermorninginYosemiteNationalPark,onthesouth-westfaceofELCapitan,AlexHonnoldholdsontothesideofthewallwithnothingbutthetipsofhisfingersandtwothinedgesofshoes,attemptingtodosomethingthatprofessionalshavelongwantedtodo--a“freesolo”climboftheworld'smostterrifyingcliff(懸崖).Thatmeansheisaloneandclimbingwithoutaropeashemakeshiswayupmorethanhalfamileofrock.PaulPreuss,thefatherofthefreesoloing,statedthekeyoftheclimbingwastomasteramountainwithsuperiorphysicalandmentalskill,not“artificialaid".Havingmadesome150ropelessclimbsbytheageof27,hefelltohisdeathin1913whilefreesoloingintheAustrianAlps.ButPreuss'sideassurvivedandinspiredthe“freeclimbing”movementofthe1960s,whichsupportedusingropesandothersafetyequipment.Thenextfreesoloistappearedin1973,whenHenryBarberclimbedupthe1,00--feetnorthfaceofYosemite'sSentinelRockwithoutarope.In1976,JohnBacharfreesoloedNewDimensions,a300-footcliffinYosemiteandPeterCroftfreesoloedtwoofYosemite'smostcelebratedroutes---AstromanandRostrum--inthesameday.Croft'sachievementstooduntil2007,whenHonnold,then22,astonishedtheworldbyrepeatingCroft'sAstroman--RostrummasterpieceandfreesoloedtwofamouslytoughroutesinZionNationalParkandYosemite.Now,Honnoldisattemptingmuchhighergoalsandheiswellonhiswaytocompletingthegreatestrockclimbinhistory.16.WhatcanyoulearnaboutAlexHonnoldfromParagraph1?A.Heclimbedwithmanyotherpeople.B.Heattemptedtoclimbwithartificialaid.C.Hefreesoloedthesouth-westfaceofELCapitanwithenoughsafetyequipment.D.Hewasthefirstpersontoattempttofreesolothesouth-westfaceofELCaptain.17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“survived"inParagraph2mean?A.Livedlonger. B.Continuedtoexist.C.Escaped. D.Succeeded.18.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Climbersmustn'tuseaidofanykindinclimbing.B.One'sstrengthandwillmatteralotwhilefreesoloing.C.Climbersshoulduseanysafetydeviceswhilefreesoloing.D.Ropescouldonlybeusedasan“artificialaid”whilefreesoloing.19.WhatcanbestdescribeHonnoldfromthelastParagraph?A.Ambitious. B.Encouraged.C.Stubborn. D.Disappointed.6In2018,thestateofCaliforniawasonfire.AlexandriaVillasenor,whowas13atthetime,witnessedthedestructionofNorthernCalifornia’sCampFire,whichwouldgoontoburnmorethan150,000acresofland.Villasenorwasscared.“That’swhenIfoundouthowimportantclimateeducationwas,”shereflected.“Andjusthowmuchwelackedclimateeducationthesepastcoupleofyears.”Villasenor,now15,isdeterminedtohaveabiggerconversation.Shequicklyrealizedthefightrequiresinternational,government-levelchanges.Forher,whatstartedaslocalconcernturnedintoayear-longprotestinfrontoftheUnitedNations’NewYorkCityheadquartersandaglobalcampaignformorecompulsoryclimateeducation.Shesatonabenchinfrontoftheheadquarters,pleadingfortheworld'sleaderstotakeclimatechangeseriously.Heractionreceivednationalattention,withmillionsofotherstudentsaroundtheworldjoininginthemovement.“It'scompletelyunacceptabletonotlearnanythingaboutourplanetandourenvironmentinschool,afteralltheyoungpeoplewould“inherit”theEarth.”Villasenorsaid,“That’swhyIthinkthatclimateeducationissoimportant,andthat'swhyIfocusalotonitnow.”Rightnow,VillasenorisworkingwiththeBiden-Harrisadministrationonitsclimateplan,whichhaspromisedtocentertheneedsofyoungpeopleandcommunitiesmostimpactedbyclimatechange.Sheevenspokeatthe2020DemocraticNationalConvention.“ThatwasdefinitelyahugemomentwhenIrealizedthatpeoplewerelisteningtothevoicesofmeandyouthclimateactivists,”Villasenorsaid.Whensheisn'tconnectingwithherfellowyouthactivistsorholdingelectedofficialsaccountabletotheclimateconcernsoftheiryoungvoters,Villasenorislikemostotherteens.“Myfavoritethingtodo,ofcourse,issleep.”shesaid.“Iliketoreadalot.Ilikefantasybooks,normally.Ialsoliketowrite.”20.WhatmadeVillasenorrealizethelackofclimateeducation?A.ThestateofCalifornia. B.ThefiredisastersinAmerica.C.150,000acresoflandscaringher. D.ThesevereCampfireinCalifornia.21.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“haveabiggerconversation”mean?A.Totalkwithmorelocalpeopletochangetheirmind.B.Toconveyherbeliefloudlytomoreglobalstudents.C.Tocallonlocalpeopletofightwiththeleaders.D.Toprotesttoleadersathomeandabroadtomakechanges.22.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.VillasenorturnedheroriginalappealintoalastingandwidespreadoneB.Villasenorthinkstheworld’sleadershavetakenclimatechangeseriouslyC.MillionsofstudentsaroundtheworldarejoininginthemovementD.Youngpeopleshoulddomorethingsfortheearthsoastoinheritit23.WhichofthefollowingfactsgivesVillasenorasenseofachievement?A.ThatsheisworkingwiththeBiden-Harrisadministrationon1tsclimateplan.B.Thatherandotheryouthclimateactivists’opinionscaughtpeople’sattention.C.Thatshecansleepandreadinhersparetime.D.Thatmoreschoolshavesetupclimatecourses.24.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.The15-year-oldactivistfightingforbetterclimateeducation.B.Climateeducationdeserveseveryone’sattentionaroundtheworld.C.Ayounggirlandherclimateeducation.D.Youngactivistsmaketheirvoicesheard.7LouiseGluckhasbeennostrangertoawardsoverherlongandstoriedcareer,sinceherfirstpublicationin1968.In1993,shewonthePulitzerPrizeforhercollectionofpoems,TheWildIris.AndonOct8shebecamethe16thwomantowintheNobelPrizeinliteraturewiththeNobelprizesfirstawardedin1901.Gluckwashonored“forherunmistakablepoeticvoicethat,wit