全國統(tǒng)考2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)模塊一需要變形的詞名詞形容詞和副詞第1講名詞講義教案

PAGE模塊一須要變形的詞:名詞、形容詞和副詞第1講名詞Ⅰ.語法填空1.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebration(celebrate)withlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.2.(2024·浙江高考)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(澆灌)theirfields.3.(2024·浙江高考)OtherAmericanstudiesshowednoconnection/connections(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.4.(2024·全國Ⅱ卷)Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.Ⅰ.語法填空二謹(jǐn)記1.依據(jù)語境標(biāo)記詞推斷名詞(1)看到冠詞、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞時(shí),要想到名詞;(2)遇到介詞或及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)要想到名詞;(3)當(dāng)看到并列連詞所連接的前或后是名詞時(shí)要想到名詞。2.依據(jù)規(guī)則確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)(1)假如空格處被these,several,many和數(shù)詞等修飾時(shí),要考慮用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;(2)假如一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞原形或are,要考慮用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;(3)在平常學(xué)習(xí)中要熟記名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則,方能解決好此類問題。Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)1.(2024·全國Ⅰ卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.(chopstick改為chopsticks)2.(2024·全國Ⅲ卷)Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.(families改為family)3.(2024·全國Ⅰ卷)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly.(player改為players)4.(2024·全國Ⅰ卷)LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.(chicken改為chickens)Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)二定法1.名詞是否可數(shù)(1)誤把不行數(shù)名詞當(dāng)作了可數(shù)名詞;(2)在該用復(fù)數(shù)的地方誤用為單數(shù),或反之。2.推斷名詞單復(fù)數(shù)及其全部格依據(jù)名詞本身屬性及其前的修飾限定成分推斷為可數(shù)名詞,還是不行數(shù)名詞,從而確定單復(fù)數(shù);依據(jù)其前后詞匯,推斷是否用全部格;依據(jù)上下句的邏輯關(guān)系來推斷單復(fù)數(shù)和全部格。一、可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變更可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)一般在名詞后面加-s或-es。變更形式如下表:構(gòu)成方法例詞一般在詞尾加-smap→maps,sea→seasgirl→girls,day→days以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es(stomach除外)class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes以輔音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i,再加-escountry→countriesfactory→factories以元音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾干脆+-sholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-spiano→pianosphoto→photos有些在詞尾加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoes以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f或-fe為-v,再加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives,wife→wives,wolf→wolves加-sbelief→beliefs,chief→chiefs,proof→proofs,roof→roofs,gulf→gulfs,safe→safes可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變更名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變更的形式如下表:構(gòu)成方法例詞增加字母child→children,ox→oxen變更名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep,deer,series,means,fish,species表示“某國人”的名詞加-sAmerican→Americans,German→Germans,Greek→Greeks單復(fù)數(shù)同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的,將-man和-woman分別改為-men,-womenEnglishman→Englishmen二、不行數(shù)名詞不行數(shù)名詞(1)不行數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不行以與不定冠詞連用。最常見的不行數(shù)名詞有:fun,baggage,change(零錢),furniture,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress,traffic等。(2)不行數(shù)名詞的量有兩種表示方法:①用some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof等表示多少。留意:既可以與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),又可以與不行數(shù)名詞連用的有:plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。②用單位詞表示,用a...of表示。如acupoftea,apieceofpaper。不行數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化(1)有些物質(zhì)名詞表示不同種類時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。如:※Thepotatoisavegetable,notafruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,不是水果?！鵐ydoctortoldmetoavoidfattyfoodssuchasbaconorhamburgers.我的醫(yī)生叫我避開吃油膩的食物,如咸肉或漢堡包。(2)特別物質(zhì)名詞的數(shù)量表示:當(dāng)要表示“一場/段/件/種……”等意思時(shí),某些物質(zhì)名詞前可用不定冠詞,但此時(shí)通常有形容詞或of短語修飾。如:※Aheavysnowwasfalling.當(dāng)時(shí)正下著一場大雪?！鵄finerainbegantofall.起先下起一陣小雨。另外,表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等,可以用a(n)或數(shù)詞修飾,也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:※Twoteasandacoffee,please.請(qǐng)來兩杯茶和一杯咖啡?！鵌orderedtwocoffeesandanice-cream.我叫了兩杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。(3)有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞又是不行數(shù)名詞,但意思不同。如:work工作,awork著作;glass玻璃,aglass玻璃杯;wood木頭,awood小樹林;room空間,aroom房間;paper紙,apaper一份試卷(文件,報(bào)紙等)等。抽象名詞詳細(xì)化通常可分為兩類:(1)表示情感、心情的詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)詳細(xì)的人或事時(shí)常將其詳細(xì)化運(yùn)用。常用的重點(diǎn)抽象名詞可概括為如下11個(gè)字:驚(surprise)、樂(pleasure)、幸(honour)、憾(pity)、傲(proud)、慰(comfort)、險(xiǎn)(danger)、助(help)、成(success)、敗(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:※Thenewmethodhasfinallyprovedtobeasuccess.新方法最終試驗(yàn)勝利了。(2)表示“一次”“一場”“一段”等“一……”的概念,常與動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成短語,名詞前常有形容詞修飾。如:haveagoodtime,haveawonderfulsupper,haveagoodknowledge/understandingof,haveapopulationof,coveranareaof,reachaheightof等。三、名詞全部格表示有生命名詞的全部格時(shí),在詞尾加“’s”。theboy’sbag,men’srooms。若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s,只加“’”。theteachers’reading-room。此外,表示時(shí)間、距離、長度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國家、城市等無生命名詞的全部格也可在詞尾加“’s”來表示所屬關(guān)系,意為“……的”。atenminutes’walk,atwentymiles’journey,twotons’weight,fiftydollars’worth。假如兩個(gè)名詞并列,且分別加“’s”,則表示“分別有……”;若只有后一個(gè)名詞加“’s”,則表示兩個(gè)“共有”。John’sandMary’srooms(兩間);JohnandMary’sroom(一間)。of屬格:無生命名詞的全部格用of結(jié)構(gòu)。amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers。省略格:在表示店鋪、教堂、診所的名稱或某人的家時(shí),名詞全部格的后面常省略它所修飾的名詞。atthedoctor’s在診所;atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。雙重全部格:of+名詞“’s”結(jié)構(gòu)。afriendofmybrother’s,worksofMoYan’s。名詞全部格用法口訣名詞全部格,表物是“誰的”,若為生命詞,加’s即可行,詞尾有s,僅把逗號(hào)擇;并列名詞后,各自和共有,前者分別加,后者最終加;若為無生命詞,of全部格,前后須倒置,此是硬規(guī)則?！军c(diǎn)津】假如是無生命的名詞則用of表示全部格,這里須要留意它們的依次與漢語不同,“AofB”要翻譯為“B的A”?！拘☆}快練】Ⅰ.單句語法填空①(2024·北京高考)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivities(activity)onEarthDay.②(2024·浙江高考)Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’(participant)overallhealthstatus.③(2024·江蘇高考)Theytestedthemen’s(men)fitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.④(2024·天津高考)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity(curious).⑤(2024·浙江高考)MakingChinesedishes(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.⑥(2024·全國Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabelief(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)①(2024·全國Ⅱ卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.(vacations改為vacation)②(2024·全國Ⅲ卷)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.(city改為cities)③(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.(sort改為sorts)④(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(job改為jobs)Ⅰ.語法填空Chinesenetusershavefoundanewwaytobattledesertificationbyplayingvirtual(虛擬的)plantinggames.AntForest,1.__________isunderAntFinancialoftheAlibabaGroup,toldtheGlobalAntForestisthefirstsuchgameinChina.IntheAntForestplan,anyactivity2.__________(consider)lowcarbon,includingwalking,takingpublictransportandonlinepayments,willbeconvertedintovirtual“greenenergy”.Theenergywillbeusedtogrowavirtualtreeinthe“forest”ofthe3.__________(user).Theyexchange4.__________forarealtreebypayingthecorrespondingenergy.AntForestwillplanttherealtreesinspringandautumneachyear5.__________thehelpoflocalauthoritiesinthedesertareas.Thiswayofplantingtrees6.TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreat8.__________(important)totheprotectionofecosystems.Chinaaims9.__________(increase)theforestcoverto23percentby2024,andto26percentby2035.AnewstudyusingdatafromNASAsatelliteshowsthattheEarthbecomes10.__________(green)asaresultofambitioustree-plantingprogramsinChina.1.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞為AntForest,在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語,指物,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,故用which。2.【解析】considered?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知,該句中主語為anyactivity,其后所填詞匯與主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,作后置定語,故填considered。3.【解析】users?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。依據(jù)其前的定冠詞the可知,此處用名詞,依據(jù)句意“用戶”,可知用復(fù)數(shù),故填users。4.【解析】it?？疾榇~。依據(jù)句意可知,此處替代前一句avirtualtree,為特指,故填it。5.【解析】with。考查介詞搭配。該句中運(yùn)用withthehelpof...為固定搭配,意為“在……的幫助下”,故填with。6.【解析】wasrecognized?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。分析句子成分可知,該句中Thiswayofplantingtrees為主語,是單數(shù),其與所給詞匯為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語onOctober23,2024,可知用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),故填wasrecognized。7.【解析】a?？疾椴欢ü谠~。依據(jù)句意可知,此處意指“一種方式”,為泛指,means的首字母發(fā)音是輔音,故填a。8.【解析】importance?？疾槊~。該句運(yùn)用固定短語attachimportanceto...,意為“重視,認(rèn)為……重要”,故填importance。9.【解析】toincrease?？疾椴欢ㄊ?。aimtodosth.為固定搭配,意為“目標(biāo)是,旨在……”故填toincrease。10.【解析】greener?？疾樾稳菰~比較級(jí)。依據(jù)句意可知,植樹在中國取得了成效,地球變得更加綠色,暗含“比較”含義,用比較級(jí),故填greener。Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)Nowadaysmyschoolworkbecomesmuchheavierthaneverbefore,thusforcemetostayupdeepintothenight.Iseldomdosports.ForthisreasonIoftenfeltsleepinclass.Badhealthcausedmypoormemory.ThingshavebeenchangedafterIfollowedmyteacher’sadvices.Igetupearliertodomorningexercises.Duringthe10minutesbreakIgoouttheclassroomtorelaxmybrainandmuscles.Atfiveo’clockintheafternoonIoftengototheplaygroundtohavesports.Allthismakesmyselffreshandfullofenergy.Itissportsthatimprovesmyhealth.Ihavemadearapidprogressinmystudies.答案:1.【解析】第一句中force→forcing。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析此句句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本句的謂語為becomes,而后面也沒有出現(xiàn)連詞,因此,force不能用原形,而這部分表示造成的結(jié)果,所以用非謂語作結(jié)果狀語。學(xué)業(yè)壓力大,迫使我晚上熬夜,這是順其自然的結(jié)果,且表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞,故force要改為forcing。2.【解析】其次句do→did?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)語境可知本文講的是作者運(yùn)動(dòng)前后的變更,所以,不做運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)是過去,因此應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去時(shí),所以do要改為did。3.【解析】第三句sleep→sleepy?？疾樾稳菰~。因?yàn)榘疽?我上課常?；杌栌?。feel為系動(dòng)詞,后面用形容詞作表語。sleep是動(dòng)詞,所以sleep要改為sleepy。4.【解析】第五句after→since?？疾檫B詞。分析本句可知表示自從聽從了老師的建議之后,狀況發(fā)生了變更。所以after要改為since。5.【解析】第五句advices→advice。考查名詞的可數(shù)與不行數(shù)。advice為不行數(shù)名詞,因此advices要改為advice。6.【解析】第七句minutes→minutes’?？疾槊~全部格。依據(jù)語境,在10分鐘的課間休息時(shí),“10分鐘的”要用全部格,所以minutes要改為minutes’。7.【解析】第七句out后加of?？疾榻樵~?！白叱鼋淌摇睉?yīng)當(dāng)用gooutof,不加of沒法加賓語theclassroom,所以要在out后加of。8.【解析】第九句myself→me。考查代詞。依據(jù)語