超強托?？荚噺?fù)習(xí)資料語法做題筆記

肯德基語法筆記前言托福語法是件體力活，多做幾遍真題，熟中就能生巧，再在做題的間隙看看語法書總結(jié)總結(jié)規(guī)律，語法部分基本上就沒有多大問題了。但是，對于托友們來說，最稀缺的是時間，托福真題上百套，如果真的做上3遍，恐怕即耗費時間，也未必有效。我個人認(rèn)為，將9508以后的真題做熟足以。如果精力過剩，可以看看8901---9501的題。當(dāng)然，要想在語法上掙到足夠的分?jǐn)?shù)，做完題后多多總結(jié)也是極為必要的，只有不斷總結(jié)做錯的題，才能夠?qū)⒆麇e的數(shù)目逐步降下來，直到做錯數(shù)為0?？系禄Z法筆記就是出于這樣的目的一頁一頁寫下來的?？系禄Z法筆記是我自己的做題筆記。包括三部分，即9508以前的真題，9508---9910的真題和2000年以來的真題。9508以前的語法點現(xiàn)在基本不考了，所以我只是收集了一些較為基本的語法知識；9508---9910主要紀(jì)錄的是語法點，現(xiàn)在還很有用；2000年以來的主要是對考題新動向的總結(jié)，以及一些較難的新題型。此筆記適合將真題做完一遍之后看，未作完一遍看筆記作用不大；整個筆記兩三個小時就可以看完，看2遍足矣，然后再做第二遍真題。至于為什么要將肯德基牽扯進來，并非我對其中的美味情有獨鐘。我是在職考試，每天上班很忙，根本沒有時間復(fù)習(xí)，即就是偶爾有空，也得偷偷摸摸的，自我感覺很不爽，于是乎，我干脆用上班的空余時間休息。于是乎，也就只剩下下班后的時間了。每天下午6點下班后，我先打印2套語法題出來，然后帶著題在小飯館里邊吃拉面邊做題，基本上一頓飯吃完，一套語法題也就做完了；然后，我騎上自己的單車再到附近的肯德基買杯咖啡，在人數(shù)相對稀少的二樓找個偏僻的位子坐下來，做完剩下來的一套語法題，并對答案，做總結(jié)，記筆記，做閱讀；晚上11點的時候，肯德基要打烊了，我再回到自己底價租來的簡易房里，這時已經(jīng)聽不到喧鬧聲了，我開始做聽力，直到2點半以后；早晨7點30在鬧鐘聲中醒來，開始為生計奔波。周而復(fù)始一個多月下來，肯德基的waitresses基本都認(rèn)識我了，即就是到了打烊的時候，她們也不趕我走，我在一邊做題，她們在一邊一聲不吭地打掃衛(wèi)生，這幅景象，和諧得就像在天堂里。為了表示謝意，我遂給自己的語法筆記取了現(xiàn)在這個名字。但愿自己的筆記對托友們有些許幫助。也算是獻給太傻論壇的一份感謝禮。流浪的單車09/29/03語法規(guī)則第一條：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨存活，前面必須加冠詞例：Iliketheflower或者Ilikeflowers.不能說Ilikeflower.黃金規(guī)則一：謂語單一原則：一個句子有且只有一個謂語。雙謂語，必有連接詞[連詞，關(guān)系代詞、副詞]；反過來，如果出現(xiàn)了連詞、關(guān)系代詞、副詞，就必須有第二個謂語。主句從句各有一個謂語。黃金規(guī)則二：在時間、條件、讓步、方式壯語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致，并且從句的謂語構(gòu)成中有be動詞，則從句的主語和be動詞一塊可以省略。例：thebuildingwas……….，whenbuilt…………。Of的用法：of前面一定是名詞。Of的后面不一定非要是名詞，但一般是名詞。簡例：n1+of+n2As的后面可以跟一個從句：eg:asgoodassheis托福語法解題圣經(jīng)：不要懷疑題目出錯不要想方設(shè)法讀懂題目一定要把題目讀完：因為最沙蔽的錯誤可能還在后頭副詞修飾形容詞，放在形容詞前副詞一般不修飾名詞形容詞修飾名詞放在名詞前介詞后面必有賓語及物動詞后面必須有賓語形容詞性的物主代詞后面必須有名詞：it(them)+of+()必錯：--〉their10、關(guān)系代詞在從句中必定作成分作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，作主語的關(guān)系代詞永遠(yuǎn)不能省略需要背熟的幾個語法點：6個動詞可主動可被動:1）主動+雙賓:name+n1+n2;2)被動+n：n1+be-ed+n2name,call/appoint,elect,select/considerconsider的3個形式：1）+雙賓considersth+sth/assth/tobesth2）considersth+adj3)被動+n:beconsidered+n9701,38.Mostauthoritiesconsiderbothdreamingwhilesleepanddaydreamingtobeformsoffantasy.9608,29.InTheSociologyofScience,nowconsideredaclassic,RobertMertondiscussescultural,economy,andsocialforcesthatcontributedtothedevelopmentofmodernscience9712na,27.Themoderndetectivestoryinwhichadetectivesolvesacrimebydiscoveringandinterpretationevidence,isconsideredtohaveoriginatedwithEdgarAllanPoe's"TheMurdersintheRueMorgue"9805,13.WillaCatherconsideredhernoveloflifeinnineteenth-centuryNebraska,MyAntonia,---(A)washerbestwork(B) herbestwork(C) herbestworkitwas(D) beingherbestwork9801,11Colloquialisms,---ofinformalspokenlanguage,areoftenconsideredinappropriateformoreformalwrittenlanguage.(A)expressionwhicharecharacteristic(B) whichcharacteristicexpressions(C)areexpressionscharacteristic(D)expressionscanbecharacteristic0201,38.Duringthenineteenthcenturythemoleculartheoryofmatterwasdeveloped,whichconsideredallmattertobecomposedoftiny,indivisibleentitycalledmolecules.2.6個狀從引導(dǎo)詞：when,while,if/although,though,eventhough3.后面跟不定式的6個動詞:1）allow,permit/want,require/cause,enable+sb+todo2）如果其后沒有名詞，只有動詞，則+doing3）be+-ed+todosth:heispermittedtogotolearn4.后面是that引導(dǎo)的名從：I[think,believe,agree,estimate,discover,demonstrate,illustrate,show,state,indicate]+that5.常跟that同謂語的名詞：discovery,decision,evidence,observation,statement,opinion,thought,idea,truth,conclusion,news,hope,explation,doubt6.常跟doing的動詞avoid,enjoy,mind,keep(on),celebrate,finish,spend,giveupcannothelpdoingsthcannotstanddoingsthhavedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthhaveahard/difficulttime(in)doingsthbeskillful/skilledat/indoingsth7.make的4種用法：1）makesthimpossible2)makeimpossiblesth[賓語太長]3)makeitimpossibleto/that[形式賓語]4)maken1+n2雙賓Before8901:1.most的5種形式：1)mostof+n/ns2)most+n/ns3)themost+adj+n[只此+the]4)most+adj+than比較結(jié)構(gòu)5）themost+adj+介詞短語[范圍]:形容詞名詞化2.alike和like,unlikelike介詞，nolike;alike表語形容詞notalike，alike可做名詞的后置定語3.less/much+不可數(shù)few/many+可數(shù)4.比較級前面的副詞：much,alittle,far,no,5.enough的用法：1)enough+n+todo2)adj/adv+enough+todo6.復(fù)合介詞是否完整：accordingto/inaccordancewith/alongwith/apartfrom/asto/bymeansof/intermsof[根據(jù)]inspiteof/owningto/withregardto/forthesakeof/inlinewith/inviewof[由于/考慮到]inadditionto/asaresultof7.1)learn+from+n;2)learn+how/what/when/where從句8901-95051．1)much+n[不可數(shù)];many+ns2)much+比較級；very+形容詞原型3)much+過分；very+現(xiàn)分2．theAofB+v+o:v與of前的名詞A數(shù)一致，A是中心詞，B修飾A3.三個表示“而不是”的詞組，只考搭配，不考意思：otherthan;ratherthan;insteadof4.改錯:beyondfarfarbeyond5.動詞前有be,后面要么被動-ed，要么進行；看見by,往前查動詞；看見-ed,往前找be/been6．中間不加冠詞：atbirth,atadult,atfirst,atlastinfuture,innature,inhistory,inadolescence[青年時期]7.只考四種時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時[進行時不考]in+過去時間：過去時after+過去時間/事：過去時before+過去時/事：過去完成時hadsince……：現(xiàn)在完成時have,has8．a(chǎn)t----time:是固定搭配atonetime,atsometime,9．prove主動表被動：三種形式1）s+provetobe/do2)s+prove+that從句3)s+prove+n短語feedon/upon:以……為食主動表被動：theadultbeefeedsonflower.feed:n.草料v.10.冠詞+n+介詞：?？?題scholarstendtocite1831asthestartedofunitedstatesabolitionistmovement.startedstart11.比較級than前后助動詞嚴(yán)格對應(yīng)----take---than/do----havesth----than/do,have,has----is----than/is,am,was,were12.self不可以單獨使用，herself等13．后面沒有比較范圍時，形容詞最高級相當(dāng)于形容詞，前面不加theSaltlakecity,Utah’scapitalandlargestcity,is[industrial]andbankingcenterindustrialanindustrial,由于中間插入語干擾，單數(shù)名詞center前少冠詞14．Since+從句---〉原因since+時間短語—〉自從，完成時15．Fiveyearsorolder,fiveinchesortaller,依次類推，固定搭配16．Thatarepositive,negative,orboth.固定格式17．nearlyadv幾乎不near—〉介詞，接近18.四個常被動：bebasedon/belocatedin/beassociatewith/beconcertedin19．ManyofthesciencefictionpublicationsbyRayBradburydisplayadesiretorebelagainstsociety’sdependonmachines.dependdependence.publication:出版物，可數(shù)20.花費時間金錢等：1)ittakesb+sometimes+todosth2)ittakesomtimes+forsbtodosth21.年代的固定格式：between1906and1908;throughoutthe1930’s;sincethe1980’s;from1990to/until1993;datingbackto1980;inthelate1880’s，intheearly1880’s22.Paperisstrongundertensioninsteadcrumpleseasilyunderthestressofcompression.經(jīng)?？?insteadbut;while+n常錯，while是連詞，應(yīng)該跟從句或省略的從句[分詞]whileduring23.形容詞短語后置修飾名詞：n1+necessaryfor+n:theactionnecessaryforchewingandswallowingn1+typicalof+n:24.bymeansof,asameansof,intermsof，means[方式]無論在任何時候都用復(fù)數(shù)25.thearchitectruralisperhapsthemostcomplexofthearts.26.形容詞：1）單獨修飾名詞：名詞前2）形容詞短語：后置名詞后3）5個表語形容詞后置修飾名詞：afraid,aware,asleep,alone,alikeapersonalone/alonelyperson29.control:n.v.控制controlboard:控制臺control是名詞修飾名詞safetyglass:安全玻璃safety是名詞8901-9505portrait:n.肖像portray:v.描繪portrayal:n.描繪wealth:n.大量wealthy:a.health:n.avarietyof+nsvarietiesofvarious+nsmertial:n.survival:n.mineral:n.arrival:n.healthy:a.fair:a.美麗/公正的fairly:ad公正地/相當(dāng)?shù)豰ental:n.portrayal:n.rust:n.v.銹/生銹rusty:a.生銹的/腦子遲鈍的difficult:a.difficulty:n.difficultyindoingsthbase:v.bebasedonbasis:n.onthebasisofdemand:n.v.需求ademandforsupply:n.v.供應(yīng)talent:n.才能talented:a.shine:v.發(fā)光shiny:a.represent:v.代表representive:n.代表representor:n.陳述者fly:v.飛flight:n.imagine:v.想象image:n.imaginary:a.great+n非常greatly+vvery+a/adgood:a.well:ad[身體好/事情順a.]hard:a.ad努力地hardly:ad幾乎不mere:a.merely:adonthegroundinfreezingpoint凝結(jié)點boilingpoint沸點timezone時區(qū)[可數(shù)]safety[n.]glass安全玻璃—〉其它有關(guān)“安全”都用名詞safetyintellectual:n.知識分子a.知識的individual:n.個人a.個人的function:n.cess:n.v.thebrainprocessawealthofinformationtall具體的高，樹/人high抽象的高，數(shù)字/溫度/濕度/高度vapor=vapour:n.蒸汽vaporize=evaporatev.蒸發(fā)transparent透明的translucent半透明的opaque不透明的，模糊的complex:a.復(fù)雜的complexity:n.復(fù)雜complexion:n.膚色/面色/氣色complexioned:a.臉色的fair-complexion:a.氣色好的asidefromadesiretodobeessentialtodoingbeburiedinmud被埋在泥里varyinbecommontosthranginsthfrom---to---composedofbeindifferenttosb/sth漠不關(guān)心not----but-------對舉incessant:a.不斷的/不停的light:n.光/燈a.發(fā)光的/輕的v.點燃lightly:ad輕輕地9508-00102、thecalliopeisapartoffairs,gatherings,andothersuchactivities3、the–est+n/ns+of,most+n/ns,mostof+n/ns:最高級和most后可單數(shù)，可復(fù)數(shù)總結(jié)：much+不可數(shù),many+ns:much后不可數(shù)，many后復(fù)數(shù),eachof+ns普樣1.less+-er+than:比較級重復(fù)，修飾比較級用much,alittle,far,no?？?．n+n:兩個名詞不見面,中間必須加prep1)animationisatechniqueforcreativitytheillusionoflifeininanimatethings.普樣1.242)mostofthedamagepropertyattributedtothesanFranciscoearthquakeof1906resultedfromthefirethatfollowed.普樣1.383.damage:n.v.adamagetosthainspirationforsth:是產(chǎn)生---的靈感inproportiontosth:與---成比例paytributetosth/sb:歸因于----good:a.修飾名詞------well:ad.修飾動詞itabsorbsgasesgood:----verywelldense:a.密集的denseness:n.密集density:n.密度mass:n.質(zhì)量，大多數(shù)massive:a.厚重的massify:v.使成為整體maximum:a.n.[pl]maximamaximal:a.minimum:a.n.[pl]minimaminimal:a.listen—主動—listened/hear—被動---heard,heardsecret:n.a.秘密invent:v.invention:v.inventor:人avarietyof,varietiesof,various:a.vary:v.varyin--在—方面不同aneyewitnesstosthregardsthassthlightanddarkness:light:a.n.4.instage,intelevision,infilm中間不加the;intheworld中間不能缺the5.deprivesbofsth:剝奪了某人的某事6.thus是一個并列連詞amicrophoneenablesmusicaltonestobeamplified,thusmakingitpossiblethegentlerenditionsofsoftsongsinlargehall.普樣2.277.strivetodosth,strive-strove-striven8.itis/was---------that/who-------:強調(diào)句9.由whereas，after，before引導(dǎo)的狀從開始考10.改錯?？紈hileàduring:while+句子，during+n11.改錯sayàtell95081.since+某件事發(fā)生的具體時間點，不加時間短2.vote主動，sb[選民]voteforpresidentelect被動，sbbeelectedpresident3.連詞重復(fù)：新題不考主語重復(fù)，whenapearliscutinhalfandexaminedunderamicroscope,butitslayerscanbeseen4.表示兩端、頂點、極端的名詞前加the,theendof,thebeginningof,thebottomof,thetopof,5.頭尾用單數(shù)head,tail;腿牙用復(fù)數(shù)legs,teeth6.use的用法：1）人做主語sbusesthtodosth2)sthbeusedbysbtodosth 3)sthbeinusebysb4)v[find]+sth+useful+todosth/forsth5)n+usefulforsth:useful后置修飾名詞7．指人身體的某個部位時，前面加thethehumanhead,thehumanbody8.minimum:n.a.maximum:n.a.aminimumof,aminimum+n+ofminimal:a.maximal:a.9510如果空格在句首，that和動詞原形打頭的選項不選2．肯定：as---as-----,否定：so----as----3.svo-------。svo后不定式從不選主謂賓后不定式只有兩種：謂語動詞固定搭配/特殊的賓語abilitytodo,first/last—todo4.數(shù)詞與量詞中間不可隔開：anearlyhundredlargestumps----nearlyahundred/hundreds5.alotoflotsofanumberof+nsnumbersof+nsavarietyofvarietiesofasetofsetsof6.thecapitalofunitedstates,originallynewyorkcity,wasmovedtoPhiladelphiawherestayeduntil18001)修飾主語時變成對整個句子的修飾，用副詞originallynewyorkcity2)定從關(guān)系副詞where,when后應(yīng)該有主謂wherestayeduntil18003)定從關(guān)系代詞作主語時不可省itisaboyhaveeatentheapple7.among出現(xiàn)9次，8次錯amongàduring,whileàduringduringwhen9601naownn1ton2:將n1歸功于n2catchsb’sattention:引起某人的注意giveacluetosth:為---提供線索benotedforsth:因為---而出名9601[96年的題是新題的代表]托夫的三大句式1．-----svo.無逗號時，直接與后面的主語搭配：形，冠，介結(jié)，所有格[no是形容詞]-----,svo.有逗號時，次要成分填充:分詞，不定式，狀從[6個詞]，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)分詞與不定式的區(qū)別：2．svo,--------。中間有逗號，選賓語定從，狀從，同位[名詞性詞組]，分詞短語svo--------。中間無逗號，選賓語定從svo----后不用考慮不定式，不直接跟動詞原型，這兩個選項盡管排除3．s,----,vo.插入語,次要成分填充：名，形，介，定，分4．1)主動：sthneedtobedone2)被動：sthbeneededtodo5.themajorityof+ns6.分詞的區(qū)別2個：please,interest人作主語-ed;物作主語-ing7.connectn1andn2withn3:用n3連接n1和n28.?？紅hrough----〉throughoutthrough:穿過/通過throughout:所有，全部96051．-----that.that前空格：先判定that是否作成分，即that后是否svo俱全1）that后svo俱全：that不做成分，that引導(dǎo)的是后面的名從空格填：a)主謂，b)itbe+a/-ed2)that后svo不俱全，that做成分，that引導(dǎo)的是后面的定從空格處：that前必為名詞2．氣體、學(xué)科、天體名詞單獨使用，前面不加冠詞，后面有限定修飾時，可以加the序數(shù)詞前應(yīng)加the:nineteenthcenturythenineteenthcentury3.purpose/goalistodo4.findsthusefultodo5.respond[v.]to/inresponse[n.]to6.Somepsychologistsbelievethatthosewhoareencouragedtobeindependent,responsible,andcompetentinchildhoodarelikelymorethanotherstobecomemotivatedtoachieve.[29]likelymoremorelikely考過n次7.?？迹簉efined:a.[人]優(yōu)雅的/[物]精致的refine:v.提煉9608雙謂語結(jié)構(gòu):兩個動詞中間無逗號，從句充當(dāng)成分[主從/賓從]，what,how常考中間有逗號，狀從2.1）after+n/prep+doing:介詞2）after+svo連詞3．becreditedwithtakecreditfor4.改錯新題型：1）定從省主語2）定從無謂語Anygroupthatconductingitsmeetingusingparliamentaryruleswillencountersituationswhereprescribedprocedurescannotbeapplied.[34]5．farm:n.農(nóng)莊v.耕種campaign:v.參加競選n.競選活動6.時態(tài)一致：Bacterialivedinthesoilplayavitalroleinrecyclingthecarbonandnitrogenneededbyplants.[30]9610not和no同時出現(xiàn)，永遠(yuǎn)選no2.evidence,belief,fact+that同謂語從句3．1）mean:v.意味著a.卑賤的，小氣的2）means:n.方式3）meaning:n.意義4．Inmedicine,certainplasticshaveimportantusesbecausetheydonotaffectedbychemicalsinthebody,andtheydonotharmthebody.[27]助動詞混用，by是信號詞，其前應(yīng)該是被動----〉arenotaffectedby其它信號詞：and,or,but,thus,oneof,-ed,by9612naadaptedfordoingsth:適應(yīng)作某事music:n.音樂[不可數(shù)]3．Papier-machefiguresbyStephenHensen,whichtheycheerfullydepictedlifeintheInformationAge,werethefocusofanexhibitattheMuseum在定從中，which+不完整句子，prep+which+完整句子。此句which+完整句，錯4．Pharmacistfilldrugprescriptions,keepingrecordsofthedrugstheirpatientsaretakingtomakesurethatharmfulcombinationsarenotprescribed.[39]97011．Settheworldrecord:創(chuàng)造世界紀(jì)錄2．n+relatedto與—有關(guān),分詞后置修飾前面的名詞3．svo后緊跟動詞原型，不選[填空]svo后緊跟謂語動詞，改為分詞[改錯]4．substitutefor：n.替代品v.代替initiative:a.起始的/初步的n.主動性/積極性97051．bear:n.狗熊v.具有/生小孩2.bare[a.]of:缺乏,常后置修飾名詞nativetosth:本土于---,常后置修飾名詞usefulfor,relatedto,necessaryfor,highin+n,richin,unknowntosth,3.enjoy+doing97081.persuade的2種用法：1）persuadesbtodosth:勸某人做某事2）persuadesbthat+從句：使某人相信-----2．well只在表身體好時作表語形容詞，Ifeelwell[fine],其它時候都作副詞good是形容詞，在n前修飾名詞verywell是副詞，放在動詞后3.未來50年：thenext50years,thefollowing50years4．beknownfor因為---而出名=benotedforbeknownas+職位/頭銜：被當(dāng)作---而為人所知5.[21].Asmilecanbeobserved,described,andreliablyidentify,itcanalsobeelicitedandmanipulatedunderexperimentalconditions.[31]. Turquoise,whichfoundinmicroscopiccrystals,isopaquewithawaxyluster,varyingincolorfromgreenishgraytoskyblue.總結(jié)：看見-ed和過去分詞，想到被動，向前找be,been6.[14].Indigoisavatcolor,_____calledbecauseitdoesnotdissolveinwater.(A)whichit(B)itis(C)but(D)so9710固定搭配是考點：begintodosth,associatedwith,beconcernedwithsth/sb2．a(chǎn)smanyas+數(shù)詞+nsasmuchas+數(shù)詞+不可數(shù)3．locate常被動，無進行belocatedin4.align:v.排成一排beinalignment:排隊5．Inshapeof,withtheaidof,withthegiftof:具有---的天賦6.not------but------7．intense:a.強烈的---intensely:adv---intensify:v.增強---intensity:n.強烈---intension:n.緊張characteristic:n.特征a.特有的characterize:v.刻畫人物character:n.特征becharacteristicof:代表------的特征narrative:n.敘述/記敘文a.敘述的ripe:a.成熟的ripen:v.使成熟manufacture:n.v.制造/加工income,information不可數(shù)30.ThebestAmericanpopularmusicbalancesapowerfulemotionsofyouthwithtenderness,grace,andwit.a/an劃線1)元音與輔音2）后面名詞是否為單數(shù)39. Themanufactureofautomobilewasextremelyexpensiveuntilassembly-linetechniquesmadethemcheapertoproduce.[新題代詞不劃線指代的名詞劃線，只要看見代詞，向前查名詞]9712na1.fidelitytosth忠誠于[11].Thefirstpeopletolivein____HawaiiwerethePolynesians,whosailedthereinlargecanoesfromotherPacificIslandsabout2,000yearsago.(A)nowwhereis(B)whatisnow(C)itisnow(D)nowthisis[25].ThesuperintendentofwomennursefortheUnionArmyduringtheCivilWarwasDorotheaDix.因為前面是women復(fù)數(shù)，所以----nurses2．Detective:n.偵探a.偵查的superintendent:n.主管a.管理監(jiān)督的3.eachof+ns,each+n4.1)appear+adj2)appear+todo29.Eachmajorstylesofarchitectureemergedbecausenewproblemsinbuildingorchallengesindesignappearedforarchitectstoresolve.38.Althoughmostspeciesofsmallbirdsgatheringroupsatfeedersprovidedbybird-watchers,thebrightredadrenalsusuallyappearsaloneorwithitsmate.5.nature表示大自然時，不加冠詞40.HenryDavidThoreauwasanAmericanwriterwhoisrememberedforhisfaithintheeligioussignificanceofthenature.980127. In1965RodolfoGonzaleshasestab1ishedanorganizationcalledtheCrusadeForJusticeinDenver1．a(chǎn)dvocate:v.提倡/擁護n.提倡者2．a(chǎn)rea,neighborhood可數(shù)，常復(fù)數(shù)3.despite劃線，從來沒有對過4．Bepopularwith流行于--人群5.fromone+n+toanother6．Becharacteristicof:代表------的特征98051．dedicatetodoingsth2.consider的3種用法：1)consider+n1+n2/asn2[雙賓]2)consider+sth+tobesth3)consicdersth+adj4．Jupiterisagaseousplanetwithanatmospherecomposedmostofhydrogenandhelium.[19]composedofsth.most修飾介詞短語of,用副詞mostly5.Ordinarybeaverdamsvaryinlengthfromafewfeettoahundredfeetormorethan.[26]句子后面經(jīng)常加or+-er結(jié)尾6.ChallottePerkinsGilmanIsknownprimarilyasanauthorofshortstories,butshealsowroteaninfluentialbookarguedforequaleconomicopportunitiesforwomen.[30]bookargued:應(yīng)該是主動現(xiàn)分7．Insteadoftooth,thebluewhalehasarowofbonyplatesinitsmouththatfunctionsasafood-collectingdevice.[33]tooth應(yīng)該和has單復(fù)數(shù)一致8．a(chǎn)ttimes--偶爾atatime---一次[34]atthetime在當(dāng)時9．consistof固定搭配translatesthintosth/translateintosth10.only后面未必都要加單數(shù)[36]11.Sincethe1950's,folk'musichashadasignificantinfluenceonmanypopularvocalandinstrumentalmusic.[40]music是不可數(shù)，manymuch98081.believethat,statethat,indicatethat,2.beliefthat,statementthat,3.mosaic:n.馬賽克，可數(shù)4．Beinvoledin:專注于5．Ornamental:n.觀賞植物a.觀賞性的14.thelensesinanopticalmicroscopebendthelightpassingthroughaspecimentoformanimageofthatspecimenthatismuchlarger--------actuallyviewed.a.thanitb.thantheonec.onethand.thanonewhich比較級后半句的替代詞：that不可數(shù)，theone單數(shù)，those復(fù)數(shù)9808na9.Thedawnredwoodappears___some100millionyearsagoinnorthernforestsaroundtheworld.(A)wasflourished(B)havingtoflourish(C)tohaveflourished(D)haveflourishedappearto動詞不定式14.FranklinD.Rooseveltwas___thegreatforceofradioandtheopportunityitprovidedfortakinggovernmentpoliciesdirectlytothepeople.(A)asthefirstPresidentheunderstoodfully(B)thefirstpresidentthattofullyunderstand(C)thefirstPresidentfullyunderstood(D)thefirstPresidenttounderstandfully23.Inthe1970’sconsumeractivitiessucceededinpromotinglawsthatsetsafetystandardsforautomobiles,children’sclothingandawidelyrangeofhouseholdproducts.24.ZoosinNewOrleans,SanDiego,Detroit,andtheBronxhavebecomebiologicalparkswhereanimalsroamsfreeandpeoplewatchfromacrossamoat.26.TheRockyMountainswereexploredbyfurtradersduringtheearly1800’s,inadecadesprecedingtheUnitedStatesCivilWar.Preceding:prep在---之前28.Eachchemicalelementischaracterizedtothenumberofprotonsthatanatomofthatelementcontains,calleditsatomicnumber.34.Aseismographrecordsoscillationofthegroundcausedbyseismicwaves,vibrationsthattravelfromitspointoforiginthroughtheEarthoralongitssurface.找到每個代詞的指代對象40.Governmentmoneyappropriatedforartinthe1930’smadepossiblehundredsofmuralsandstatuesstilladmirationinsmalltownsallovertheUnitedStates.appropriatedfor:撥款資助-----98107.Copper______usedbyhumansandissecondonlytoironinitsutilitythroughtheages.(A)thefirstmetal(B)wasthefirstmetal(C)thefirstmetalthat(D)beingthefirstmetal14.Today______littlefossilivoryremainscomesfromAlaska.(A)what(B)which(C)thereis(D)where20.Ithasbeenestimatedthatduringeverysecondofourlife,10,000,000redbloodcellsdiedandarereplacedbynewones.時態(tài)平行die26.Incorporatedin1828,Louisville,Kentucky,wasnamedfromKingLouisXVIofrecognitionofhishelpduringtheRevolutionaryWar.nameafter29.MeridiansoflongitudeandparallelsoflatitudeformgridthatcanbeusedtolocatethepositionofanypointontheEarth'ssurface.grid33.Initspurestatealuminumisaweakmetal,butwhencombinedwithelementssuchascopperormagnesium,itisformedalloysofgreatstrength.Form:v.形成，物作主語，主動38.Greenpeace,aninternationalorganizationofenvironmentalactivistsfoundedbyCanadians,usesnonviolentmeanstoprotestandblockactivitiesitconsidersenvironmentallyharm.990114. Springwateris_____clean.,sinceithasbeenfilteredthroughpermeablerocks,butallspringwatercontainssomedissolvedminerals.(A)generallyfair(B)generallyfairly(C)ingeneralfair(D)generalandfairfair:a.美麗的，公正的fairly:adv.相當(dāng)?shù)?，公正地most:a.adv.最---[最高級]mostly:adv.主要地，大部分，通常16. Citrusfruitsthriveinquiteverytropicalclimates.climate:可數(shù)20. TheasphaltdepositsofLaBreaTarPitinCaliforniahaveyieldedfossilsofnumerousanimalofthePleistoceneepoch,includingthegiantgroundsloth.various+ns,numerous+ns26. Judgmentsmadeinacriminalcasescanusuallybeappealedtoahighercountwhichcaneitheroverturnorupholdalowercourtruling.28. Thewingspreadofvariousspeciesofbatsrangefromoverfivefeettolessthantwoinches.34. Becausematerialorganicdecaysslowlyinpeat,theremainsofprehistoricanimalsareoftenfoundinthedepthsofpeathogs. organ:n.組織/器官organic:a.35. Usuallyanatomhavingone,two,orthreeelectronsinitsvalencebandreadilycontributeslectronstoandreceiveelectronsfromneighboringatoms.39. MercuryissomuchclosetotheSunthatitisusuallyinvisibleintheglareoftheSun'srays.much的2種用法：1)much+不可數(shù)2)much+比較級在so-----that----結(jié)構(gòu)中，so,that中間只用形容詞原型9905Playanimportantpartindoingsth:n1+highin+n2:highinsth引導(dǎo)的形容詞短語后置修飾名詞foodshighinfat1.Classicallogicischaracterizedbyaconcernforthestructureandelementsofargument_______thatthought,language,andrealityareinterrelated.(A)basedonthebelief(B)onthebeliefbased(C)beliefbasedonthe(D)thebasedbeliefonbecharacterizedby,becharacteristicof[可后置修飾名詞]believe+that,belief+that3.Heatenergymaybeabsorbedorreleasedwhen______whileworkisdoneonorbythesystem.(A)changesintheinternalenergyofasystem(B)bychangingtheinternalenergyofasystem(C)theinternalenergyofasystemthatchanges(D)theinternalenergyofasystemchanges三謂語句11.Currenthealthguidelinesrecommendthatpeoplerestricttheirconsumption_______.(A)foodsofhighinfat(B)offoodsinfathigh(C)offoodshighinfat(D)infoodshighoffathighin,richin后置修飾名詞,fat:n.12.WaltWhitmanoriginatedadistinctiveformoffreeversethatsetshisworkapartfrom_______ofallotherpoets.(A)what(B)that(C)how(D)it[15].Tools,aworkshop,andsomestoragespacewere_______forearlyexperimentsinaviation.(A)requiredallthat(B)allthatwasrequired(C)alltherequirementsthat(D)suchthatalltherequirements[16].AmajorrailroadjunctioninIllinois,Decaturhasbecameanimportantcommercialhubfortheregion’sfarmproductsandlivestock.livestock:n.家畜[單復(fù)同形]cattle:n.畜牲[單復(fù)同形]become---became---become[31].Amatrilinealextendedfamilyconsistsofcoregroupofmales,theirwives,andtheirunmarrieddaughters.[34].Inthe1930’sfewmajororchestrasintheUnitedStateshiredwoman,somanychosetoperforminamateurmusicalgroupsasanalternative.alternative:n.a.[36].Whenapianokeyboardissubstitutedforbuttonsonrightsideofanaccordion,theinstrumentisknownasapianoaccordion.表示方位[前后左右]的詞前面加the,theright/left,[40].Freesiaplantsreachaheightoftwoandone-halffeetandthrivebestattemperatureof50degreesto60degreesFahrenheit.temperature是可數(shù)名詞[27].Onlythefemaleandtheworkerwaspsareequippedwithasting,whichtheyuseittoattacktheirpreyortoprotectthemselvesagainstenemies.新題?？缄P(guān)系代詞重復(fù)99081．givebirthtosh:產(chǎn)生2.playaroleinsth/doingsth:起作用3．favorite:n.最喜歡的東西a.最喜歡的/favor:n.好感v.最喜歡2.BobStephenson,abiologistinAlaskawhostudiestheCanadianlynx,atypeofwildcat,haslearned_______fromstudyingtheirtracksinthesnow.(A)howlynxhunt(B)lynxhunthow(C)howhuntlynx(D)lynxhowhunt3._______Layeggs,butsomegivebirthtoliveyoung.(A)Althoughmostinsects(B)Mostinsects(C)Despitemostinsects(D)Mostinsectsthat8.SteelmagnateAndrewCarnegieusedpartofhiswealth_______morethan2,500publiclibrariesinEnglish-speakingcountriesbetween1881and1919.(A)helpedinbuilding(B)helpedhimtobuilding(C)tohelpbuild(D)hishelpinbuildingusesthtodosth,causesbtodosth經(jīng)?？?3._______incaseswherespecialoxidantsareused,firesaretheresultofafuelrapidlycombiningwiththeoxygenintheair.(A)Thereare(B)Eventhough(C)How(D)Except19.Yogurtcontainsahigherpercentageoflacticacidthananotherfermentedmilks,anditisrichinB-complexvitamins.richin,highin后置修飾名詞23.Eachstanzaofapoemhasarepeatablepatternofmeterandrhymeandisnormallydivisionfromthefollowingstanzabyablankline.25.Inmanyareasoftheworld,peopleneedclothingforprotectiontheweather.Protectsthfrom:保護---使不受sth傷害27.Physiologically,theperiodofadolescenceismarkedbyactivegrowth,especiallyintheskeletalandmuscularsystemsandinacertainvasculartissues.32.Inthefieldofactingtheory,controversyarisesoverthequestionofwhetherisactingabehavioraloramentalprocess.33.Shortwaveradiosthatcanreceiveandtransmitsignalsareusedbypilots,thepolice,andamateuroperator.+37.Tothosewhofavoritefreetrade,therevivalofbartercansuggestnothinglessthanadisaster.+38.IntheUnitedStates,about75percentofthetotaltomatoescropisprocessedintojuice,cannedtomatoes,sauces,pastes,andketchup.名詞修飾名詞，第一個名詞用單數(shù)，除過women,men用復(fù)數(shù)++40.Petrographyconcernsprimarilywiththedetaileddescriptionandclassificationofrocks,whereaspetrologydealsprimarilywithrockformation.9910as+從句[倒裝]other/another是形容詞性的不定代詞，不單獨使用.one---another對舉除外如果前面有are等復(fù)數(shù)標(biāo)志，后面不用another,而用othersanotheràotherscomeinto+n/-ing：comeintobeing成形almost一般與all連接almostall;如果出現(xiàn)almostevery時，檢查every后n的單復(fù)數(shù)several+nscertain+ns?report:n.v./reporter:人hunt:n.v./hunter:人speed:n./speedy:a.strong:a./修飾分詞用adv,修飾動名詞用adjdealwith當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時---dealswith5.Historicallinguistsstudy______overtime.(A)languagesevolve(B)whetherlanguageevolution(C)howlanguagesevolve(D)evolutionthatlanguages13.Pureironcannotbehardenedbyheatingandcooling,as______,becauseironlacksthenecessarycarbon.(A)steelitcan(B)cansteel(C)withsteelcan(D)socansteel as+倒裝從句14.Rapidsandwaterfalls,______alongvirtuallyallMassachusettswaterways,providedpowerincolonialtimesforgristandsawmillsandlaterfortextilemills.(A)common(B)werecommon(C)which,beingcommon(D)beingcommon,were16.AlargecollectionsofmaterialsfocusedonLouisiana’shistoryandc