2020-2021學(xué)年人教版（2019）高中英語選擇性必修2學(xué)案：Unit1 Science and Scientists SectionⅡ 含答案

SectionIILearningAboutLanguage（Grammar）

基礎(chǔ)知識預(yù)習(xí)自檢

?重點詞匯

1.thinks思考；認為一thinkingn.思想；思維；見解fthinker〃.思想家

2.find。.發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到-finding發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；（法律）判決

3.solidadj.可靠的；固體的；堅實的n.固體一solidlyaQ.堅固地；結(jié)實

地

4.subscribevi.認購（股份）；定期訂購；定期交納（會費）fsubscriber（報刊

的）訂閱人，訂購者；（慈善機關(guān)等的）定期捐款者

5.substantialadj.大量的；價值巨大的；重大的fsubstantially或也大量地，

可觀地

6.statisticn.[pl.]統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學(xué)一statisticaladj.統(tǒng)計的；

統(tǒng)計學(xué)的fstatistically。曲.統(tǒng)計地；統(tǒng)計上地

7.infectvt.使感染；傳染一~infection〃.感染；傳染finfectiousa3.傳染性

的，感染的

8.proof/?.證據(jù)；證明；檢驗fprovea證明；檢驗

9.theoreticalframework理論框架

10.ahouseholdname家喻戶曉的名字

11.sideeffect副作用

?教材原句

1.Hewas（應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任）theaccidentbecausehedrove

onthewrongsideoftheroad.

答案：toblamefor

2.Sinceheartdiseaseisoften（將.連接起來）our

lifestylechoices,weneedtomakehealthylivinganimportantpartofourlives.

答案：linkedto

3.Manyscientists（贊同）theviewthatitishumanactivity

thathascausedglobalwarming.

答案：subscribeto

4.Heusedhisgreatinfluencetochangethethinkingofthe

（科學(xué)界）onthisissue.

答案：scientificcommunity

5.UKscientistsbelievetheymayhavefoundawaytofightthe

（普通感冒）.

答案:commoncold

6.Researchersareworkingonmakingaformofmedicinethatcanbetaken

directlyintooneslungs,（為了降低）thechanceofsideeffects.

答案：todecrease

7.WhatJohnSnow（向世界展示）washow

choleracouldbeovercome.

答案：showedtotheworld

8.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854

（爆發(fā)霍亂）inLondon?

答案：outbreakofcholera

9.Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsome

（扎實的工作）.

答案：solidwork

10.Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthe（關(guān)鍵特征）of

whatwecallscience.

答案：keycharacteristics

重點知識合作探究

1virusn.病毒（教材P4）

歸納

拓展

①DoyouhavevirusprotectionsoftwareonyourPC?

你的電腦有防毒軟件嗎？

②Weshouldbewatchfulofcomputervirus.

我們應(yīng)該警惕計算機病毒。

③Therearemanydifferentstrainsoffluvirus.

流感病毒有很多不同類型。

O即景活用

單句寫作

①能幫幫我嗎？我電腦中病毒了。

Couldyoudomeafavor?Mycomputersufferedfrom.

②全班幾乎人人都染上了流感病毒。

Theinfectedalmosttheentireclass.

答案：?computervirus②fluvirus

2initialadj.最初的；開始的；第一的（教材P5）

歸納

拓展

①Thismayrequirealargeamountofmaterialtobetransportedtothearea,at

leastattheinitialstage.

可能需要運往這個地區(qū)大量物資，至少在最初的階段是這樣的。

②Iftherepositoryisnew,youwillbepromptedtocreateandinitializeit.

如果該存儲庫是新的，則會提示您對其進行創(chuàng)建和初始化。

?Forecasterssaythegalesmaynotbeasbadastheyinitiallypredicted.

預(yù)報員說大風(fēng)也許不像他們起初預(yù)報的那么猛烈。

O即景活用

單句寫作

①我最初的反應(yīng)是要拒絕這個提議。

Mywastodeclinetheoffer.

②開始時系統(tǒng)運轉(zhuǎn)良好。

,thesystemworkedwell.

答案：①initialreaction②Initially

(T)Itisbecauseheisillthathecan，tcome.

是因為生病他才來不了。

②Isitbecauseheisillthathecan，tcome?

是因為生病他才來不了嗎？

③Whyisitthathecan，tcome?

他究竟為什么不能來？

[Z即景活用

⑴單句語法填空

①ItwasyesterdaywemetLiPing.

②WasitonSundayhegaveGeorgethisticket?

答案：①that②that

⑵單句寫作

①他是昨天見到李平的嗎？

WasithemetLiPing?

②你究竟是何時何地出生的？

Whenandwhereyouwereborn?

答案：（l）yesterdaythat②wasitthat

Grammer----表語從句

o思維#圖?))

在句子中擔(dān)當表語的從句就是表語從句

從屬連同whether,as,asif?though

從屬連詞because,why

連接代詞who,whom,whose,whal,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

連接副詞where,when,how,why

從屬連詞that

表潘從句一定要用陳述語序

不可以用if,而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外)

表語從句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致

出at在表語從句中不可以省掉

O語法體驗

單句語法填空

1.（2019?全國卷^）Thisismotivationorthelackofitcando.

答案：what

2.（2019-天津高考）Thisiseveryonelearnedtoread.

答案：how

3.Thereareblackcloudsinthesky.Itlooksitisgoingtorain.

答案：asif

4.Itsoundsourplanseemstobeperfect.

答案：that

5.Thatishewasborn.

答案：where

6.Thatispeopleinthosecountriestaketheirvacationsonlywhen

thereisaholiday.

答案：because

?語法講座

一、概念

在句子中擔(dān)當表語的從句就是表語從句。通常位于連系動詞之后。

二、引導(dǎo)詞

1.從屬連詞whether,as,asif/though

Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.

問題是敵人是否向我們進軍。

Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.

聽起來好像有人在敲門。

2.從屬連詞because,why

That'sbecausethepriceofrawmaterialshasgoneup.

那是因為原材料的價格上漲了。（強調(diào)原因）

That'swhyhegotangrywithme.

那正是他對我生氣的原因。（強調(diào)結(jié)果）

創(chuàng)財信?

名詞reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用

becauseo

3.連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.

他已經(jīng)成為他十年前想成為的樣子。

Theruleiswhoeverfailstodotheworkwellwillbefired.

這里的規(guī)定是不管沒有做好工作的是誰都得被開除。

4.連接副詞where,when,how,why

Theproblemiswhenwecaogetapayrise.

問題是什么時候我們可以得到加薪。

Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.

去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放它的地方。

5.從屬連詞that

ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.

麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。

(2019?江蘇高考)Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshave

extraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.

人類的第一個獨特特征是，與其他動物相比，人類的大腦特別大。

三、注意

1.表語從句一定要用陳述語序

Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.(X)

Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.(V)

問題是他什么時候能到旅館。

2.不可以用if,而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外)

Allshe'sworriedaboutisifheisallright.(X)

Allshe'sworriedaboutiswhetherheisallright.(V)

她所擔(dān)心的只是他是否安然無恙。

3.表語從句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致

Itseemsasifhedidn'tknowtheanswer.

好像他不知道答案。

ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.

問題是明天誰和我一起去北京。

4.that在表語從句中不可以省掉

WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.

我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語，that

作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，不能省略)

S3趁熱打鐵

⑴單句語法填空

①(2019?浙江高考)Onethingtorememberisifstheprocessnotthe

endproductthatmatters.

②ThatisstonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEngland

fields.

(3)Thequestion,pureandsimple,isyouwillsupportme.

④ShehasremainedIstoodyesterdayfbranhour.

⑤Thequestioniswhyhe(cry)yesterday.

答案：①that②why③whether④where⑤cried

(2)單句寫作

①問題是我們?nèi)卞X。

Thetroubleweareshortofmoney.

②那就是我想要對你講的。

ThatIwanttotellyou.

③看來他的意圖是好的。

Itwouldhisintentionwasgood.

④他今天好像不怎么舒服。

Itheisnotquitehimselftoday.

⑤他好像已經(jīng)明白了這個問題。

Ithehadunderstoodthisquestion.

答案：①isthat②iswhat③appearthat④seemsthat⑤lookedasif

學(xué)習(xí)效果隨堂演練

I.單詞拼寫

1.Nopictureswereallowedtobehungonthewallsoftheprison(牢

房).

答案：cell

2.Thereportprovidesa（框架）forfurtherresearch.

答案：framework

3.Peas,beansandlentilsareagoodsourceofvegetable（蛋白質(zhì)）.

答案：protein

4.Thereisno（疫苗）againstHIVinfection.

答案：vaccine

5.Thisprovideda（堅實的）foundationfortheirmarriage.

答案:solid

II.單句語法填空

1.Maybethisishewassosuccessful:hewasalwayshonestwith

himself.

答案：why

2.Weshouldhaveverylittledifficultygettinghimroundtoourwayof

（think）.

答案：thinking

3.Itlooksitisimpossibletostophimfromfinishingrunningthelast

200metres.

答案：that

4.Heisnolongerhewas.

答案:what

5.Thegovernmenthopesthecourtwillannounceits（find）beforethe

endofthemonth.

答案：finding

HL單句寫作

1.問題是這部電影是否值得看。

Thequestionthefilmisworthseeing.

答案:iswhether

2.據(jù)說黑客們已經(jīng)開始傳播一種新的電腦病毒。

Hackersaresaidtohavestartedanew.

答案:computervirus

3.那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。

__________________Ifirstmether.

答案：That'swhere

4.首先，我們要設(shè)計好分析的理論框架。

First,weshoulddesigntheforouranalysis.

答案：theoreticalframework

5.據(jù)說初期的反應(yīng)非常好。

It'ssaidthehasbeenexcellent.

答案：initialreaction

課后課時作業(yè)

I閱讀

A

（2020.四川省綿陽南山中學(xué)高三上一診）Breathingdirtyaircomesatahigh

price.Airpollutionlowerstheaveragelifespansbyayearworldwideandinmore

pollutedpartsofAsiaandAfrica,dirtyairshorten刊'livesuptotwicethatmuch.

ScientistssharedtheirnewfindingsinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters.

Thestudyuseddatagatheredin2016aspartofaprojectknownastheGlobalBurden

ofDiseaseandwasthefirstmajorcountry-by-countrylookattheconnectionbetween

thelengthoflifeandwhat，sknownasfinePM.

Airpollutionhasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshad

lookedathowtinyairpollutantsaffectedratesofillnessordeath.JoshuaApteisan

environmentalscientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Bylookingatlife

expectancy^2,histeamhadhopedtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.PM2.5is

whatscientistscalltinyparticlesofpollutionintheair.HigherlevelsofPM2.5can

causehealthproblemsandcutmonths,ifnotyears,fromtheaveragelengthoflife.

Thisanalysisshowshowpollutionaffectslifeexpectancyindifferentpartsofthe

world.

TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10

microgramspercubicmeterofair.Apte'sgroupcalculated^3howholdingpollution

tothislowlevelwouldhelppeople.Incountrieswithverydirtyair,meetingthis

standardwouldlengthenpeople'slives.However,incountrieswhoseairalready

meetsthisstandard,thestudyshowsnogaininlifeexpectancy.Inotherwords,

meetingtheWHOstandardwon'treducehealthcostsresultingfromydirtyairbecause

evenbelow10microgramspercubicmeter,pollutionstillcausesseriousrisks.

Meanwhile,thescientistscomparedhowotherthreatsincludingsmokingandcancer

shortenthelengthoflifeacrosstheglobe.

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家們在環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)

快報中分享了他們的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)空氣污染影響人類的壽命。

1.Whatisspecialaboutthestudy?

A.Itwonrecognitionfromaprofessionaljournal.

B.Itdiscussedhealthproblemscausedbyairpollution.

C.ItgatheredlotsofdatafortheGlobalBurdenofDisease.

D.ItanalyzedthelinkbetweenlifespansandPMbycountry.

答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Thestudyuseddatagatheredin

2016aspartofaprojectknownastheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseandwasthefirst

majorcountry-by-countrylookattheconnectionbetweenthelengthoflifeandwhat's

knownasfinePM.”可知，這個研究項目按國家分析了壽命與PM之間的聯(lián)系，

故選D。

2.WhatisJoshuaApte'steamtryingtodo?

A.Helppeoplebetterunderstandairpollution.

B.Studylifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.

C?Knowhowsmallairpollutantsaffecthealth.

D.Dealwithdifferentkindsofhealthproblems.

答案：A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句"Bylookingatlifeexpectancy,his

teamhadhopedtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.”可知，JoshuaApte的團隊試

圖幫助人們更好地了解空氣污染對人們壽命的影響，故選Ao

3.WhatwillhappenifacountrylimitsPM2.5to10microgramspercubicmeter

ofair?

A.PeopleJslifespanswillsurelyincrease.

B.ItwillgetstrongsupportfromtheWHO.

C-People5shealthmaynotbemuchimproved.

D.Itwillguaranteepeoplecleanair.

答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句"Inotherwords,meetingthe

WHOstandardwon，treducehealthcostsresultingfromdirtyairbecauseevenbelow

10microgramspercubicmeter,pollutionstillcausesseriousrisks.”（換句話說，達至ij

WHO標準不會降低因臟空氣造成的健康成本，因為即使每立方米低于10微克，

污染仍然會帶來嚴重的風(fēng)險。）可知，如果一個國家將PM2.5限制在每立方米空

氣中10微克，人們的健康狀況可能沒有太大改善，故選C。

4.Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.Howcleaninguptheaircanlengthenlives.

B.Howairpollutionshortenslivesbycountry.

C.Howotherthreatsshortenlifeexpectancy.

D.Howallthecountriesdealwithseverepollution.

答案：c推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Meanwhile,thescientists

comparedhowotherthreatsincludingsmokingandcancershortenthelengthoflife

acrosstheglobe.”可知，接下來可能會討論其他威脅人類預(yù)期壽命的因素，故選C。

W重點單詞

1.shortena（使）變短,縮短

2.expectancyn.預(yù)料；預(yù)期

3.calculatev.計算；核算

P重點短語

resultfrom產(chǎn)生于...;由....弓|起

----------------基礎(chǔ)—決定—高度----------------

B

MichaelFaradaywasthesonofablacksmith.Therewerefourchildreninhis

family,andwithhisfatheroftenillandunabletowork,MichaelFaradayhadtoearn

hislivingfromanearlyage.Thismeantlittleornoschooling.However,thefamily

belongedtoareligious^xgroup,andFaradaylearnttoreadandwriteatSunday

School.

Whenhewasonlyfourteen,Faradayfoundajobasabookbinder.Heusedtoread

thebookshewasgiventobindandhebecameveryinterestedinthescientificbooks,

particularlytheonesaboutelectricity.Hisinterestsoontookapracticalpathandhe

beganconductinghisownexperiments.ThesewereverybasicbecauseFaradayhadto

makeallofhisequipmenthimself.However,hewasverycarefulandkeptaclear

writtenrecordofallhisfindings.

OnedayhewasgivenanentrancetickettotheRoyalInstituteofChemistry

Lecture,givenbyHumphryDavy.Determinedtoworkforthisgreatscientist,hesent

Davyajobapplicationandincludedhislaboratoryreportsontheexperimentshehad

carriedoutp.In1813DavyofferedFaradayajobasoneofhislaboratoryassistants.

Faradaylearntquicklyandsoonwasrecognizedasaveryableanalyticalchemist.

LaterhewenttoworkattheRoyalInstitute.

MichaelFaradaywas,perhaps,thegreatestpracticalscientistofthe19thcentury.

Asachemist,hediscoveredthebenzene（苯），whichisnowthefocalpointofchemical

study.Healsoproved^2therelationshipbetweenelectricityandchemicalbonding.As

aphysicist,heinventedthedynamo,whichledtothelaterinventionoftheelectric

motor.Healsodiscoveredtheeffectofmagnetism（磁）onlightrays.

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了MichaelFaraday（邁克爾?法拉第）

如何成長為一名偉大的科學(xué)家（物理學(xué)家及化學(xué)家）以及他在物理和化學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得

的研究成果。

5.WhydidFaradayattendSundaySchool?

A.Hehadtoworkforabookbinderatweekdays.

B.Hehopedtoreadmanyofthescientificbooksthere.

C.Hewouldliketolearnreligiousknowledge.

D.Hisfamilycouldn，taffordhisnormalschooleducation.

答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句至段尾“Therewerefourchildrenin

hisfamily,andwithhisfatheroftenillandunabletowork,MichaelFaradayhadto

earnhislivingfromanearlyage.Thismeantlittleornoschooling.However,the

familybelongedtoareligiousgroup,andFaradaylearnttoreadandwriteatSunday

Schoo「可知，F(xiàn)araday年幼時家境貧寒，上不起正規(guī)的學(xué)校，只好上了主日學(xué)校。

故選D。

6.Whenworkingasabookbinder,Faraday.

A.publishedhisgreatfindingsonelectricity

B.madehisownequipmentforhisexperiments

C.readmanybooksbyHumphryDavy

D.gainedhisfameasapracticalscientist

答案：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二、三句"Hisinterestsoontooka

practicalpathandhebeganconductinghisownexperiments.Thesewereverybasic

becauseFaradayhadtomakeallofhisequipmenthimself.”可知,Faraday做圖書裝訂

工作的時候，為自己的實驗親自動手制作實驗器材。故選B。

7.InordertogetachancetoworkforDavy,Faraday.

A.boughtticketstoattendDavy'slecture

B.senthisexperimentreportstoDavy

C?wenttotheRoyalInstitutetovisitDavy

D.offeredtodolaboratoryworkfbrfree

答案：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"Determinedtoworkforthisgreat

scientist,hesentDavyajobapplicationandincludedhislaboratoryreportsonthe

experimentshehadcarriedout.”可知，為了能為Davy工作，F(xiàn)araday遞交了自己的

實驗報告。故選B。

8.WhichofthefollowingistherightorderofFaraday5slife?

a.Alaboratoryassistant.

b.AstudentofSundaySchool.

c.Abookbinder.

d.Ananalyticalchemist.

A.a-b-c-dB.b-c-d-a

C.b—c—a—dD.c—b—a—d

答案：C細節(jié)理解題?？v觀全文可知，F(xiàn)araday先是在主日學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，后來

成為圖書裝訂工，然后又做了實驗室助理，最后成為了一名分析化學(xué)家。故選C。

W重點單詞

1.religiousadj.宗教的2.provev.證明；證實

P重點短語

carryout實施；執(zhí)行

n七選五

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有

兩項為多余選項。

HowtoBecomeaScientist

Hereissomeadviceforstudentswhothinktheymightliketobecomescientists.

]Oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotobecomeagoodscientistis

topracticewatchingeverythingcarefully.Findacomfortablechairandputitinthe

middleofyourgardenorapark.Sitinthechairforthirtyminutesoranhour.Watch

theinsectsthatflypastorlandontheplants.Lookattheshapesofleavesandbranches.

Listentothesoundsofinsects.2Useamicroscopetolookcloselyatinteresting

objects.

Learneverythingyoucanaboutatopicthatinterestsyou.Supposeyou'dliketo

exploreflowersbyusingamicroscope.Gotothelibraryandcheckoutsomeflower

books.SeewhatyoucanfindontheInternet.Picksomeflowersandcarefullytake

themapart.3Themoreyouknowaboutflowersfromreadingaboutthemand

observingthem,themoreyou'11understandwhenyoulookatthemwithamicroscope.

Askforhelpfromaknowledgeableperson.Afteryou'velearnedeverythingyou

canonyourown,asksomeoneelsetohelpwithquestionsyoustillhave.Maybe

thereJssomeoneatanearbyschoolormuseumwhoknowsaboutinsects,spiders,or

somethingelseyou，dliketolearnabout.4

Findascientisttotalktoorfindaplacewherescientificresearchisbeingdone.If

youstillwanttolearnmore,youcanfindascientisttotalktoatanearbyuniversity,or

researchstation.5Explainwhatyou，reinterestedin.Askifyoucanschedulea

timetovisit.Mostscientistsarehappytotalktostudentswhosharetheirpassionfor

science.

A.Becomeanobserver.

B.Youmaygoseekanswersfromhim.

C.Writealetterorane-mailmessagetothescientist.

D.ResearchyourquestionsusingtheInternetorlibrary.

E.Seeifyoucanfindasightorsoundthatsurprisesyou.

F.Useamicroscopetoseehoweverythingfitstogether.

G.Beingascientististime-consumingandmentallydemanding.

錯誤！

1.A根據(jù)后面的"Oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotobecomea

goodscientististopracticewatchingeverythingcarefUHy.”（練習(xí)仔細觀察一切是你

為了成為一名科學(xué)家而所能做到的最重要的事情之一。）可知本題答案為A選項

”成為一名觀察者”。

2.E根據(jù)前面的"Lookattheshapesofleavesandbranches.Listentothe

soundsofinsects「(觀察葉子和樹枝的形狀，傾聽昆蟲的聲音。)可知本題答案為E

選項“看你是否能找到一種讓你感到驚奇的景象或者是聲音”。

3.F太艮據(jù)后面的“Themoreyouknowaboutflowersfromreadingaboutthem

andobservingthem,themoreyou，11understandwhenyoulookatthemwitha

microscope『(從閱讀和觀察中你對花了解越多，當你用顯微鏡觀察它們的時候你

就會明白更多。)可知本題答案為F選項“用顯微鏡觀察(花朵里的)一切是如何結(jié)

合在一起的”。

4.B根據(jù)前面的"Maybethere,ssomeoneatanearbyschoolormuseumwho

knowsaboutinsects,spiders,orsomethingelseyou'dliketolearnabout."(或許附近

的學(xué)?；蛘呤遣┪镳^里有人了解昆蟲、蜘蛛或者是其他你想知道的東西。)可知本

題答案為B選項“你可以去向