初高銜接語法：專題一 句子成分

初高銜接語法：十大詞類（PartsofSpeech）一、英語十大詞類詞類意義例詞名詞n表示人或事物的名稱car,mouth,year冠詞art用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或物a,an,the代詞pron用來代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞we,his,him,mine形容詞adj用來修飾名詞，表示名詞的特征red,long,angry數(shù)詞num表示數(shù)量或順序three,second動(dòng)詞v表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)hear,see,sing副詞adv修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞early,then,soon介詞prep表示名詞、代詞等和其他詞的關(guān)系from,on,for,with連詞conj用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句與句and,or,because感嘆詞interj表示說話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感oh,well,hey二、英語中的人稱代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞ImemyminemyselfweusOuroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselveshehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves作主語作賓語作定語作主語/表語/賓語作表語/賓語/同位語初高銜接語法：句子成分句子成分：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。英語中共有八大句子成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語和同位語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語都是謂語的組成部分。1、主語：是表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語和從句等充當(dāng)。JennyisanEnglishteacher.Jenny是英語教師HeteachesEnglishinNo.5MiddleSchool.他在五中教英語。Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.要當(dāng)一位好老師并不容易。Herbeloveddiedinthewar.她敬愛的人死于戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。Whathesaidisreasonable.他說的話有道理。2、謂語：是說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里的主要詞）用動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩個(gè)方面必須保持一致。WeloveChina.我熱愛中國(guó)。Mr.Chenghopestobeagoodteacher.程先生希望當(dāng)一位好教師。3、表語：是說明主語是什么或者怎么樣。由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞、短語或從句等充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。Myfatherisateacher.我父親是教師。Areyouready?你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？HisworkistoteachEnglish.他的工作是教英語。That’swhatIshoulddo.這是我應(yīng)該做的。4、賓語：是表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象。由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句等充當(dāng)賓語，和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。Heoftenhelpsme.他經(jīng)常幫助我。WestudyEnglishatschool.我們?cè)趯W(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語。Iwishtobeagoodteacher.我希望成為一位好教師。Weenjoysharingtheirworkexperience．我們喜歡分享他們的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Weseldomrealizethatmanyplantsactuallycomefromcountriesfaraway．我們很少有人知道很多植物來自遠(yuǎn)方的國(guó)家。5、賓語補(bǔ)足語：是用來對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）、過去分詞（短語）和動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）。Wemadehimmonitor.我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。Heoftenmakeshismotherangry.他經(jīng)常惹媽媽生氣。Whotookmybagawaybymistake?誰誤拿了我的書包？Whenhecametolife,hefoundhimselfinhospital.當(dāng)她醒來的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)自己住院了。IheardhersingingwhenIwentbytheroom.我從房間旁邊路過的時(shí)候聽見他在唱歌。Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天請(qǐng)人理了發(fā)。Theteachertoldustostudyhard.老師叫我們好好學(xué)習(xí)。6、定語：是用來修飾名詞或代詞。作定語的除形容詞外，還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞、短語或從句等。Theredbikeismine.紅色的自行車是我的。Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning.我們上午四節(jié)課。Whatisyourname？你叫什么名字？Thisisthedeskwhoselegisbroken.這就那張斷腿的課桌。7、狀語：是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞、短語或從句等來充當(dāng)狀語。Weareworkinghard.我們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。Sheisverybeautiful.她長(zhǎng)得很漂亮。Theyhadameetingthisafternoon.今天下午我們開會(huì)了。HecomestostudyEnglisheveryday.他每天來這里學(xué)英語。TherearelotsofsheepwhereIlive.我住的地方有很多綿羊。8．同位語：主要用作對(duì)名詞做進(jìn)一步解釋。它可以是單詞、短語或從句。MaoZedong,agreatleader,ledtheChineseinfoundingthePeople’sRepublicofChina.毛澤東一位偉大的領(lǐng)袖帶領(lǐng)中國(guó)人建立了中華人民共和國(guó)。HeaskedmeaquestionwhetherIlikedEnglish.他問了我一個(gè)問題我是否喜歡英語。句子成分練習(xí)一、劃出下列句子的主語(subject)1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Helikesdancing.3.Twowillbeenough.4.Seeingisbelieving.6.Toseeistobelieve.7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.8.Whatheneedsisabook.9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。先劃出下列句子的真正的主語，然后翻譯下列句子1)Itiswrongtotellalie.

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.二、劃出下列句子的表語(predicative)Heisateacher.Myideaisthis.Shewasthefirsttoarrive.Ifeelmuchbettertoday.Heisoutofdanger.Thenewswasexciting.WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.三、劃出下列句子的賓語(object)1.Shelivedahappylife.2.Iloveyou.3.Weneedtwo.4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.四、劃出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語(objectcomplement)IconsiderJimagoodfriend.Ialwaysfindherhappy.Peoplepraisedhimasahero.IhadtheTVfixed.Isawhimenteringthebuilding.Whatmadeyouthinkso?Doyouwantmetogo?五、劃出下列句子的定語(attribute)It’saredcar.Theyliveintheroomabove.Mybrotherisateacher.Webelongtothethirdworld.Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.Theswimmingboyismybrother.Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?ThisistheverybookthatIneed.六、劃出下列句子的狀語(adverbial)Heisoftenlateforclass.Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.Hesattheresmoking.Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.句子成分練習(xí)2013-09一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成份。1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Hesawamanleavethehotel.20.Theapplestastedsweet.句子成分和五大基本句子類型練習(xí)劃出下列句子的主語1.Seeingisbelieving.2.“Dirty”canbeusedasaverb.3.WhatIwanttosayisthis.4.Whethertheywilljoinushasn’tbeenmadeclear.5.Toovercomelazinessispossible,thoughnoteasy.劃出下列句子的謂語1.Hersuggestionsoundsquitereasonable.2.Thechickendoesn’ttastedelicious.3.Ithankedherforherkindness.4.Sheleftalargenumberofmoneyaftershedied.5.Hewasthoughttobeaspy.劃出下列句子的表語1.Herideasoundsquitenice.2.Weshouldalwayskeepcalm.3.Thatseemsagoodidea.4.Theirexaminationresultsaredisappointing,5.WhatIwanttoknowiswhowonthecompetition.劃出下列句子的賓語,如果有雙賓語請(qǐng)分別指出直接賓語和間接賓語1.Theybeathimblackandblue.2.Shetaughtthegirltoplaythepiano.3.I’dliketoaskyouaquestion4.Pleasetakecareofyourlittlesister.5.Ican’ttellwhichisbetter.QuizName__________Partone:指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成份。1.ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilmtonight.2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.4.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?8.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.PartTwo:Multiplechoice(單項(xiàng)選擇).1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.Nowtheretheman B.ThemanherenowC.Themanisherenow D.Themanisherenow2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold3.Theapp