新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)一遍過專題09-定語從句（原卷版）

考點(diǎn)09定語從句（原卷版）【命題趨勢】考生在定語從句的學(xué)習(xí)過程中存在著以下幾個問題：(1)考生不能區(qū)分定語從句；(2)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇混亂，不清楚關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的使用情況；(3)習(xí)慣性以翻譯的方式來理解定語從句、同位語從句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于對句型結(jié)構(gòu)分析不到位，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)代詞與關(guān)系代詞錯用的情況?！局匾枷颉恳?、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句；二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句；三、“介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句；四、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句；考向一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句【典例】【2021浙江卷語法填空】BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool______givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.【關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句提分秘籍】引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，關(guān)系代詞可作主語、賓語、定語等。1．who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我已與去年在英語演講比賽中遇到的我校的幾個學(xué)生成為了好朋友。2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時，“whose＋名詞”可用“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名詞”來代替。①Doyouknowtheboywhosehandwritingisverybeautiful?你認(rèn)識那個書法非常漂亮的男孩嗎？②Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.＝Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.＝Thisisthehouse,ofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.這就是昨晚窗戶被打破的那所房子。3.which,that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。①Thereusedtobemuchshadeofanoldtreeinthemiddleoftheyard,whichgaveusmuchcoolinsummer.過去，院子中央的一棵古樹遮成的大片樹蔭使我們在夏季非常涼爽。②Wehopethemeasurestocontrolhouseprices,whicharetakenbythegovernment，willsucceed.我們希望政府采取的控制房價的措施會成功。4.指物時，關(guān)系代詞that和which一般情況下可換用，但以下幾種情況下一般用that，而不用which。(1)先行詞是all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代詞，或先行詞被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等修飾時。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.你給我的書我都已經(jīng)讀過了。注意：當(dāng)something確指某物或某事時，用that或which都可以。Thereissomethingthat/whichkeepsworryingme.有一件事一直令我不安。(2)先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞thefirst，thesecond,...，thelast修飾時。Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.這是我看過的最好的電影。(3)先行詞被theonly，thevery，theright等修飾時。Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.唯一一件要緊的事情是找到我們回家的路。(4)先行詞既有人又有物時。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.他們談?wù)撈鹚麄冇浀玫膶W(xué)校里的人和事。5．在以下情況中，只能用which，不能用that。(1)在非限制性定語從句中，如從句中缺少主語或賓語指物，只能用which。Ourfootballteamwonthefinal,whichmadeusexcited.我們的足球隊贏得了決賽，這使我們非常興奮。(2)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時，只能用which。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.過去我居住的房子變成了鞋店?？枷蚨P(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句【典例】【2020全國卷Ⅰ語法填空】Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.【關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句提分秘籍】當(dāng)定語從句中不缺少主語、賓語、定語和表語時，要選用關(guān)系副詞。其中when,where,why是常見的三個關(guān)系副詞。when＝表時間的介詞(in,on,at,during等)＋which。where＝表地點(diǎn)的介詞(如in,at,on,under等)＋which；why＝表原因的介詞(如for)＋which。1．關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。①Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwheretheylive.現(xiàn)代人更加關(guān)心他們居住的環(huán)境。②ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。當(dāng)定語從句中不缺少主語、賓語、定語和表語時，要選用關(guān)系副詞。其中when,where,why是常見的三個關(guān)系副詞。when＝表時間的介詞(in,on,at,during等)＋which。where＝表地點(diǎn)的介詞(如in,at,on,under等)＋which；why＝表原因的介詞(如for)＋which。x^kw2．way和time后接定語從句的情況。(1)當(dāng)先行詞是way(意為“方式、方法”，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語)時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞可以是that,inwhich或省略。如：Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)helooksatme.我不喜歡他看我的方式。(2)先行詞是time時，若time作“次數(shù)”講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that可省略；若time作“一段時間，時代”講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或“介詞at/during＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：①Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavetalkedwithaforeignerfacetoface.這是我第一次和一個外國人面對面交流。②TherewasatimewhenIhatedgoingtoschool.曾經(jīng)有一段時間我討厭上學(xué)?？枷蛉敖樵~＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句【典例】【湖北省九師聯(lián)盟2021屆高三質(zhì)量檢測】Long,longago,theKingoftheSkieshadalovelydaughter,to______hemademanycarefulplansforherfuture.【“介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句提分秘籍】掌握“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1關(guān)系代詞的確定在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞只有which和whom。如果先行詞是物，引導(dǎo)詞用which；如果先行詞是人，則引導(dǎo)詞用whom。如：①ThisisthetrainonwhichIwenttoShanghai.這就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火車。②ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthedictionary.這就是我為他買詞典的那個學(xué)生。2介詞的位置介詞一般放在關(guān)系代詞which和whom之前，但也可以放在原來的位置上。如：①Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.＝Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisverylarge.我們住的房子很大。②ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearnedthenews.＝Thisistheman(that/whom)Ilearnedthenewsfrom.就是這個男人，我從他那里得到的這個消息。注意：如果介詞和句中動詞組成固定詞組時，這個介詞一般不前置。如：Myyoungestbrother，whomIhavetolookafter，isdemanding.我得照看我的小弟弟，真是讓人費(fèi)神。3關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定(1)依據(jù)定語從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定。如：ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.我與之說話的那個人起初沒有回答。(speakto)TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.西湖是一個美麗的地方，杭州以此而聞名。(befamousfor)(2)根據(jù)先行詞來確定。如：I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的童年時光。(duringthetime)(3)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。如：Air,withoutwhichmancan'tlive,isreallyimportant.空氣真的很重要，沒有它人類就不能生存。(livewithout)4“名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有“some/many/most/all/none/thelargest＋of＋which/whom”等。如：①Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthinkaredifficultforyou.問題都在這兒，其中一些我認(rèn)為對你來說很難。②Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomaredoctors.他有三個兒子，沒有一個是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。5“復(fù)合介詞短語＋關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其從句部分常與先行詞用逗號隔開，且從句部分常用倒裝語序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大樹。6“介詞＋which/whom＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.＝Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.＝Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那個窮人沒房子住。考向四as引導(dǎo)的定語從句考察較少，學(xué)生可以做擴(kuò)展知識學(xué)習(xí)?！镜淅緾hildrenunderfifteenarenotpermittedtoseesuchkindoffilm________isbadfortheirmentaldevelopment.【as引導(dǎo)的定語從句提分秘籍】1．a(chǎn)s作為關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時使用，通常先行詞由thesame,as,such,so等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as。①TheycouldonlyreadsuchstoriesashadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.他們只能讀類似這樣的一些簡易英語改寫的故事。(as作主語)②Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.這些房子以人們期望的低價出售。(as作賓語)③ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.這把小刀和我丟的那把一樣。注意：such...as...與such...that...的區(qū)別such...as...中的as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，而such...that...中的that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句。當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時，as在從句中一般作主語或賓語，而that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，that在從句中不作任何成分。①Thisissuchadifficultproblemasallofuscan'tworkout.這是一個我們所有人都不能解決的難題。從句中的workout缺少賓語，前面的as是關(guān)系代詞，用作workout的賓語。②Thisissuchadifficultproblemthatallofuscan'tworkitout.這個問題很難，我們中無人能解決它。從句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，在從句中不作成分。2．關(guān)系代詞as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別(1)位置不同as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句之后。如：①Asisoftenthecase,littleboystendtobeveryactiveandoutofcontrol.小男孩總是很活潑好動，很難控制，這是常見的情況。②Einstein,asiswellknown,isafamousscientist.眾所周知，愛因斯坦是一位著名的科學(xué)家。③TherewasabankaroundhereasIremember.我記得過去這兒附近有一家銀行。④Hefailedintheexam,whichwasunexpected.他考試沒及格，這是意料之外的。(2)意義不同as常譯作“正如，像”，多用于下列習(xí)慣用語中：asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣；asiswellknown＝asisknowntoall眾所周知；aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣；as(it)oftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣；asisoftenthecase正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣；ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述；asismentionedabove正如上面提到的；asIremember(it)正如我所記得的那樣。which常譯作“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”，此時指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：①Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.不出所料，他反對這個意見。②Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmakeshisparentsveryhappy.湯姆進(jìn)步很大，這使他父母很高興。(3)用法不同①當(dāng)非限制性定語從句是否定句或表示否定時只能用which。如：Hecamehereverylate,whichwasunexpected(notexpected)．他來得很晚，這是未預(yù)料到的。②當(dāng)as在句中作主語時，后常接動詞的被動語態(tài)。如：beknown,besaid,bereported等。如果從句中動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語。如：Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.她又缺席了，正如預(yù)料的那樣。1.【2020全國卷Ⅲ語法填空】InancientChinalivedanartist______paintingswerealmostlifelike.2.【2020新高考全國卷Ⅰ語法填空】The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum______openedin1759.3.【2019全國卷Ⅱ語法填空】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.【2019全國卷Ⅲ語法填空】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.5.【2019浙江卷6月語法填空】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth______givesofflightinthedark.6.【2018全國卷Ⅰ語法填空】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014______showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.7.【2018全國卷Ⅱ語法填空】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005–whenthegovernmentstartedasoil–testingprogram______givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers–and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.8.【2018全國卷Ⅲ語法填空】I’mnotsure______ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.9.【2018浙江卷6月語法填空】Manywesterners______cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.10.【2017全國卷Ⅰ語法填空】Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,______isnotgoodforthehealth.11.【2017全國卷Ⅲ語法填空】______toprove12.【2017浙江卷11月語法填空】Likemanythingsinlife,it’sanongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere’senoughroomforimprovement,_______meansyou’lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.13.【2017浙江卷語法填空】Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,______itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.1.【重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三仿真】GranddaughterGayleParks,31—______worksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.2.【重慶市一中2021屆高三適應(yīng)性考試】HeisadoctorinGuangdong,______savedmanypeople'slivesin2003.3.【遼寧省沈陽市2021屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測】TheCrescentSpring,______beautyattractstouristsfromhomeandabroad,hasbecomearomanticparadiseforvisitors.4.【遼寧百校聯(lián)盟2021屆高三質(zhì)監(jiān)】PassengersnowcantravelfromBeijing'scentertoXionganNewAreawithin50minutes,thankstotheBeijing-XiongIntercityRailway,______wasofficiallyputintouseonSunday,asignificantstepinboostingtheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeicitycluster.5.【湖南師范大學(xué)附中2021屆高三模擬】NowasaChineseinternational,Wuisworkinghardtoshowthat“thereareplayersinChina______canshineinthebestleaguesintheworld”,hetoldGlobalTimes.6.【湖南省永州市2021屆高三二模】Thesample,______includes1,700gramsoflunarrocksandsoil,islargerthanpreviousones.7.【遼寧省朝陽市建平縣2021屆高三9月聯(lián)考】Whileit’swonderfulforpeople______Wanttoseewhatthesemuseumsofferandteachthem,it’snotalwaysthebestforthemuseumsfacingincreasinghardshipsintermsofFunding.8.【湖北省2021屆高三聯(lián)考】ItmarkedthesuccessfulconclusionofChina’scurrentthree-steplunarexplorationprogramoforbitingandlanding,andbringingbacksamples,______beganin2004.9.【河北省張家口市2021屆高三一?！縏hetablesquicklyturnedforan89-year-oldpizzadeliverydriver______receivedasurprisedeliveryofhisownfrom"regulars".10.【河北省衡水中學(xué)2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Similarly,fishandbirds,______areactiveduringtheday,gototheirnightrestingplaceswhilebatscomeout.11.【河北省保定市2021屆高三模擬】Therisingnumberofwildbirdsinthereservehasbroughtabenefitforbirdwatchers,______areabletospotorientalstorks(東方白鶴)andotherwildbirdsevenoutsidethereserve.12.【廣東湛江一中2021屆高三模擬】Youngadults______havebeenexposedtoloudnoiseoveraperiodoftimemayhavesomehearinglosssymptoms.13.【廣東實驗中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Astheweathergetswarmerandtheairbecomesdrier,peopletendtofeeltheirmouthsandtonguesaredry,______cancausecoldsorcoughs.14.【廣東省深圳市2021屆高三調(diào)研】AsGan’sfamegrew,theybegantosellfruitfromtheirfamilyorchard,______soonfellshortofdemand.15.【廣東省六校2021屆高三聯(lián)考】PractisingyogaorTaiChicanhelptokeepourbodiessupple,______inturncanlowerjointpainandhelptoprotectusfrominjury.16.【廣州2021屆高三一?！縊riginallytheleaveswerebakedintoabrick,apartof______couldbebrokenoffandmadeintoapowder.17.【廣東省佛山市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】The2020SummerOlympics,______wereplannedforthissummerinTokyo,havebeenformallyputoffuntil2021becauseofCOVID-19.18.【福建省廈門市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】Learnhowtomakeuseofeyecontactandotherbodylanguageflexiblysothatyouareperceivedtobepolite,andsothatyoucanbetterconnectwithpeople______areforeigntoyou!19.【福建省龍巖市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】InAug2019,Liangwonthegoldmedalatthe45thWorldSkillsCompetitioninElectronicsinKazan,Russia,______isthebiggestvocationaleducationandskillsexcellenceeventintheworld,organizedeverysecondyearbytheWorldSkillsInternationalwithanaimtoshowtheskillsandpromotecareerofyouth.20.【福建省福州一中2021屆高三模擬】AccordingtoastudypublishedintheUKrecently,those______likejogginganddothiskindofexerciseregularlyforatleastonehouraweekhaveveryhighchancestolivealongerlife.21.【福建省福州市2021屆高三一?！縏hepoemimpliesthatLuXunwouldservethepeopleheartandsoulandwouldnevergiveintoenemies,______fullyexpressesthepoet’sloyaltytothepeople.22.【重慶市育才中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Still,whenyoustartyourjourneyofpositivethinking,youshallmeetwonderfulnewpeople,with______youcansharepositiveattitude.23.【重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Notonlythat,itwasleftintheexactspot______hefedthecrows.24.【重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Theroaditselfhasalreadybeencompleted,andnowit’sonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid（輸電網(wǎng)）,______isexpectedtobefinishedbytheendoftheyearalongsidethecompletionoftheJinanExpressway’ssouthsection.25.【山東省青島市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】TaiChiChuan,______isfamousasakindofmartialart,hasbeenpracticedChinaf