2024-2025學(xué)年浙江Z20名校聯(lián)盟高三第一次聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

高中英語試卷浙江Z20名校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三第一次聯(lián)考英語試題第Ⅰ卷(選擇題部分)第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)：(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Buyanewrefrigerator. B.Cleantherefrigerator. C.Havetherefrigeratorfixed.【答案】C【原文】M:I’mnoexpert.Butthatnoiseinyourrefrigeratordoesn’tsoundgood.Maybeyoushouldcallandhaveitcheckedout.W:You’reright.AndIsupposeI’veputitofflongenough.2.Whatdoesthemanplantodotomorrow?A.Havearest. B.Attendameeting. C.Watchamatch.【答案】B【原文】W:TakethemedicineandI’msureyouwillgetwellagaininacoupleofhours.M:Ihopeso.OrIwon’tbeabletotakepartinthemeetingabouttomorrow’sbasketballmatch.3.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Angry. B.Disappointed. C.Excited.【答案】B【原文】M:Honey,I’mhome.W:Didyouremembertobuythetickets?M:Well,Iremember,buttheyweresoldout.W:Ohno.Iwasreallylookingforwardtotheplay.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell. B.Shelikesgymnasticsalot. C.Sheisunabletojointheteam.【答案】C【原文】M:Ifyouareinterestedingymnastics,theuniversityhasanoutstandingteam.W:Ican’tevenclimbthestairswithouthavingtostopandcatchmybreath.5.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Atnoon. C.Intheafternoon.【答案】A【原文】W:Haveyougivenoutyourmonthlyreportyet?M:No,Ihaven’t.Iwasplanningtogiveitoutthisafternoon.W:Pleasedoitassoonaspossible.Themonthlyreportissupposedtobegivenoutbeforelunchhour.M:I’msorry.Ididn’tknowthat.I’lldoitrightaway.第二節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.WhatdoweknowaboutCaroline?A.Shedoesballetexercises. B.Sherunsastudio. C.Sheisadancer.7.Wheredoesthemanprefertoexercise?A.Inagym. B.Inapark. C.Inastudio.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】M:Wow!Youlookamazing,Caroline!W:Thanks!I’vebeentakingballetclasses.Theexercisesareverychallenging.Theyhavehelpedmegetintogreatshape.M:Ididn’tknowyouwereadancer.W:Oh,I’mnot.Butthere’sastudionearmyhousethatletsregularpeopletakeclassesanddoballetexercises.Ithelpsthestudiomakemoney,anditgivesusachancetogetfit.M:Arethereonlywomenintheclasses?W:No,therearemen,too.Doyouwanttocomewithmesometime?M:No,thanks.Ipreferrunninginthepark.Thesunshineandfreshairaregoodforme.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Waiterandcustomer.9.WhatdoesthemanusuallydoonTuesdayafternoons?A.Hetakesclasses. B.Heworkspart-time. C.Hegoestolibrary.10.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.OnTuesday. B.OnThursday. C.OnFriday.【答案】8.A9.A10.C【原文】M:Hey,Marina!How’sitgoing?W:Great!It’snicetoseeyou.How’syourschoolgoing?M:Oh,fine.Butit’stoobusy.I’mtakingfourclasses,butI’malsoworkingintheStudentUnionCafeteria.IworkthereMondaythroughFridayfrom6:00amto8:30am.W:Yousoundbusy.Doyouhavetimetogettogetherandhavecoffee?IcometotheuniversityformyclassesonTuesdayandThursdayafternoons.M:I’dloveto.Ifinishworkatnoon,butthenIhaveclasses.W:Oh.WhataboutFriday?Isometimescometousethelibrary.DoyouhaveclassesintheafternoononFriday?M:No.Wecangettogetherthenandcelebratetheendoftheweek.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.WhydoesElizabethlookworriedtoday?A.Herwalletwasgone. B.Shedidn’tgethervisa. C.Shegotlostinthetheater.12.WhathasElizabethdone?A.She’scontactedthetheater. B.She’sputanadinChinaDaily. C.She’sturnedtothepoliceforhelp.13.WhatwillthemandoforElizabeth?A.Treathertobreakfast. B.Callhisuncle. C.Lendsomemoneytoher.【答案】11.A12.C13.B【原文】M:Hello,Elizabeth.Howareyou?Youlookabitworriedtoday.W:Well,thereissomethingwrongactually.Perhapsyoucangivemesomeadvice.LastnightwhenIreturnedfromthetheater,IfoundthatIlostmywallet.M:Ohdear!Whatwasinyourwallet?W:Somemoney,ofcourse,myvisa,allmyidentitycardsandsomephotos.M:Well,ifIwereyou,I’dgotothepolicestationstraightawayandreportit.W:Yes.I’vealreadydonethat,andtheysaidthey’dlookforit.Butwe’releavingsoonandIneedmyvisaandidentitycardbadly.M:IthinkyoushouldputanadvertisementinChinaDaily,sayingwhenandwhereyoulostit.W:Butthattakestoolong.M:Waitaminute!Myunclelivesveryclosetothetheater.I’lltelephonehimandaskhimtogotheretoinquireaboutit.You’dbetterhavebreakfastnowandI’llmeetyoulater.W:Oh,thankyou.Ihopehefindsit.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodofirst?A.Touraroundthecity. B.BookticketstoAmsterdam. C.ReserveahotelonGotherstreet.15.Whatisthewoman’sexpectationofthehotel?A.Itwon’tcostmuch. B.It’scleanandgreen. C.It’sclosetotheshoppingmalls.16.WhatdoweknowabouttheRoyalFactory?A.It’sstate-owned. B.Itproducesgreatsilk. C.Itwasbuilt100yearsago.17.Whydothespeakerscometothecity?A.Totakeavacation. B.Togoonbusiness. C.Tovisitafriend.【答案】14.A15.C16.B17.A【原文】M:Wow!Whatagreatcity!It’sasbeautifulasAmsterdam.W:IthinkI’mgoingtolikeit,too.Canwejustdrivearoundbeforewecheckintoahotel?M:Sure.WhileinAmsterdam,IphonedaheadtomakereservationsinonehotelonGotherStreet.It’sinthecenterofthecity.W:Good!Ihopeit’snottoofarfromtheshoppingdistrict.Ididn’tbuythatmuchinAmsterdam,soIhavesomeextramoneytospendhere.M:Lookatalltheparks.It’swonderfultoseehowcleanandgreentheseEuropeancitiesare.Andlook!There’stheRoyalFactory.W:Whataboutit?M:Theroyalfamilyownsit.Ithasbeenmakingworld-classsilkforhundredsofyears.W:Isee.Andwhat’soverthere?Lookatallthepeople!M:That’stheCentralStationnexttoCentralGarden.TheCentralGardenisfamousaroundtheworldasanamusementpark.W:Willwehavetimetogothere?M:Ofcourse!We’reonvacation,remember?聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.Whatisthespeaker?A.Anarchitect. B.Ahostess. C.Atourguide.19.WhatisuniqueaboutMichealJackson’shome?A.Therearesixcars. B.Itofferscoursesinsports. C.Variousanimalslivethere.20.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutMichealJackson?A.Hishomebroughthimfame. B.Hisprivatelifewaswellknown. C.Hedeservedhiswonderfulhome.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【原文】W:WelcometoFantasticHomesoftheRichandFamous!Inthisprogramwewillexplorethebeautifulhomesoffamouspeoplefromallaroundtheworld.Today,wearelookingatthehomeofthelateMichaelJackson.MichaelJackson’shomeiscalledNeverlandRanch.Itisahomelikenoother.Ithasallthethingsthateverystar’shomeshouldhave:asix-cargarage,ahugebasketballcourt,andagolfcourse.Whatmakesitspecialisthatitisalsohometotwenty-sevendifferenttypesofanimals,andtherearetonsofridesandgames.Jacksonbelievedthathishomeshouldbeaplaceforkidstohavefunandrelax.Therearealsomanygreatplacesforadults,includingahugeballroom,aspaceformusicandart,andalargetheater.Jackson’shomewasmainlyaplaceforhimtoescapefromhisfameandrelaxbyhimselfandwithfriends.Hewantedtobuildhisownprivateworldtoenjoyandhecertainlymanagedtodothat.Afterall,MichaelJacksonwastheKingofPop,andhedeservedtoliveinaniceplace.第二部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AJoinusonajourneyofdiscoverythissummeratTheNewYorkPublicLibrary!Discoverfreeprogramsforkids,teensandadults.SkillsfortheWorkplaceTeensreviewprofessionalworkplaceskillstopreparefortheirentryintotheworkforce.We’llreflectonchallengingworksituations,discusshowtorespondtothem,andlearnaboutresourcesavailableforsupport.Date:Wednesday,July10Location:ParkchesterLibraryAudience:Teens/YoungAdultsAdultArtWorkshopJoinusforabasicpaintingusingwatercolorsorcoloringpencils.Coloringpromoteswellness,andalsostimulatesbrainareasrelatedtomotorskills,thesenses,andcreativity.Allmaterialswillbeprovided.NoRegistrationrequired.Date:Monday,August12Location:CastleHillLibraryAudience:AdultsSTEAMCraftsandChatLearnhowto3Dprintyourowndesigns,expressyourcreativitythroughdrawingandpainting,makejewelrybyhand,andmoreatourweeklySTEAMCraftsandChatworkshop.Firstcome,firstserved.Date:Wednesday,September4Location:HarryBelafonteLibraryAudience:Teens/YoungAdultsFamilyStorytimeJoinusforsongs,rhymes,andfavoriteread-aloudbooksinthisstorytimethat’sfunforthewholefamily.Foryoungchildrenofallages.Idealforcaregiverswithmultiple-agedchildren.Date:Friday,September6Location:RiverdaleLibraryAudience:Pre-schoolersIfyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheeventslistedabove,pleasecontactthebranchformoreinformation.SeehereforserviceupdatesattheLibrary.21.Whichbranchlibraryshouldteenschooseiftheywanttopracticeessentialjobskills?A.ParkchesterLibrary. B.CastleHillLibrary.C.HarryBelafonteLibrary. D.RiverdaleLibrary.22.WhatcanparticipantsdointheprogramSTEAMCraftsandChat?A.Designa3Dprinter. B.DIYhand-madejewelry.C.Learntoserveothers. D.ExploretheNewYorkcity.23.Whatdotheprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyaretargetedatteenagers. B.Theyarefreeofcharge.C.Theyareavailableallsummer. D.Theyneedtoberegisteredinadvance.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【語篇解讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了紐約公共圖書館的幾個(gè)免費(fèi)項(xiàng)目?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章SkillsfortheWorkplace中的“Teensreviewprofessionalworkplaceskillstopreparefortheirentryintotheworkforce.(青少年復(fù)習(xí)職場技能，為進(jìn)入職場做準(zhǔn)備。)”以及“Location:ParkchesterLibrary(地點(diǎn)：帕克切斯特圖書館)”可知，帕克切斯特圖書館，能夠練習(xí)必要的職業(yè)技能。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章STEAMCraftsandChat中“Learnhowto3Dprintyourowndesigns,expressyourcreativitythroughdrawingandpainting,makejewelrybyhand,andmoreatourweeklySTEAMCraftsandChatworkshop.(了解如何3D打印自己的設(shè)計(jì)，通過繪畫和涂鴉表達(dá)你的創(chuàng)造力，手工制作珠寶，以及更多活動(dòng)，都在我們每周舉辦的STEAM工藝與交流工作坊中。)”可知，在這里能自己動(dòng)手制作的手工珠寶。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“JoinusonajourneyofdiscoverythissummeratTheNewYorkPublicLibrary!Discoverfreeprogramsforkids,teensandadults.(今年夏天，加入我們?cè)诩~約公共圖書館的探索之旅！發(fā)現(xiàn)為孩子們、青少年和成年人提供的免費(fèi)項(xiàng)目。)”可知，這些項(xiàng)目都是免費(fèi)的。故選B。BGrowingupasakidintheUK,Iwasfascinatedbyinsects.Wantingtoprotectthem,Istartedbuildinghousesforants,usinglittlepiecesofwoodandleaves.Ithenmovedontomakinglittlecupsandsaucersfromsilverfoil(箔紙)forthemagicalcreatures.Whenseeingmywork,mymothertoldmethatthesmallerImadethings,thebiggermynamewouldbecome.Astheyearswentby,mydesignsbecamemorecomplicated.Makingsculpturesisn’tactuallyenjoyable.Isometimesworkfor16hoursadaywithoutbreaks,andittakesmeuptothreemonthstofinishasculpture.Ihavetoholdmybreathduringthesculptingprocess.Onetime,aflylandedonaCinderellacarriagesculptureIwasworkingon.Thefly’swingsblewitaway,anditwaslost.Iwasheartbroken.Anothertime,IaccidentallybreathedinamicroscopicAlicefromAliceinWonderland.AliceisnowintheWonderlandforever.Butitdidgivemethechancetomakeanevenbetteronethesecondtimearound.Mysculptureshavetakenmetoincredibleplaces.In2012,Imetthequeen,givingheracrownontheheadofapin.In2013,IreceivedmyfirstGuinnessWorldRecordforcreatingthesmallestsculpturebyhand,a24-caratgoldmotorbikethatfittedinsideahair.In2017,Ibeatmyrecordwithasculptureofahumanfetus(胎兒)thatmeasured0.078mmby0.053mm.Iwasdiagnosedwithautism(自閉癥)asanadult.Inschool,myteachershadpointedmeoutasanexampleoffailure;now,Iseemyautismasagift.It’spushedmetobethebestIcanbe.Iholdworkshopsinschoolsforneurodiversechildren,sharingmystoryandhelpingthemcreatetheirownminiaturefigures.Themicroscopicworldhasalwaysbeenmyhappyplace.I’vetriedtomakebiggersculptures,butsmallisbestforme.Weneedtoappreciatethelittlethingsinlife.Smallthingscanalsobemighty,too.24.Whatdrovetheauthortomaketinysculptureatthebeginning?A.Hisinterestininsects. B.Hisdesiretomakeaname.C.Hisdreamofsettingarecord. D.Hisawarenessofwildlifeprotection.25.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’ssculptingprocess?A.Eventfulandenjoyable. B.Complexandfrustrating.C.Money-wastingbutentertaining. D.Time-consumingbutfulfilling.26.Howdoestheauthordealwithhisautismnow?A.Hereceivesmedicaltreatment. B.Hetakesfulladvantageofit.C.Heregardsitasthesourceoffailure. D.Hesharesitandaskshelpfromothers.27.Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlyconveythroughthetext?A.Greatartcomesatacostofloss. B.Childhoodexperiencessculptacareer.C.Minorthingsinlifecancarryweight. D.Hardworkcontributestogreatachievements.【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者利用自己的自閉癥來讓自己變得更好的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“GrowingupasakidintheUK,Iwasfascinatedbyinsects.Wantingtoprotectthem,Istartedbuildinghousesforants,usinglittlepiecesofwoodandleaves.(我小時(shí)候在英國長大，對(duì)昆蟲很著迷。為了保護(hù)它們，我開始用小塊木頭和樹葉為螞蟻建造房屋)”可知，對(duì)昆蟲的興趣驅(qū)使作者在一開始制作雕塑作品。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Isometimesworkfor16hoursadaywithoutbreaks,andittakesmeuptothreemonthstofinishasculpture.(我有時(shí)一天工作16個(gè)小時(shí)，不間斷地工作，完成一件雕塑需要3個(gè)月的時(shí)間)”；第三段“Butitdidgivemethechancetomakeanevenbetteronethesecondtimearound.(但它確實(shí)給了我第二次做一個(gè)更好的機(jī)會(huì))”以及第四段“In2017,Ibeatmyrecordwithasculptureofahumanfetus(胎兒)thatmeasured0.078mmby0.053mm.(2017年，我用一個(gè)0.078毫米乘0.053毫米的人類胎兒雕塑打破了我的記錄)”可知，作者的雕刻過程耗時(shí)但令人有成就感。故選D。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inschool,myteachershadpointedmeoutasanexampleoffailure;now,Iseemyautismasagift.It’spushedmetobethebestIcanbe.(在學(xué)校里，我的老師把我當(dāng)作失敗的例子；現(xiàn)在，我把我的自閉癥看作是一份禮物。它促使我成為最好的自己)”可知，作者充分利用了自己自閉癥。故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Weneedtoappreciatethelittlethingsinlife.Smallthingscanalsobemighty,too.(我們需要欣賞生活中的小事。小事情也可以是強(qiáng)大的)”可知，作者通過文章想表達(dá)的是生活中的小事也很有分量。故選C。CHere’saquickquiz.PersonAdoesafavorforyou.PersonBasksyoutodoafavorforhim.Whodoyoutendtolikemore?Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthis.ButhowcanweexplaintheBenFranklinEffect?Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失調(diào)).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.Weresolvethistensionbychangingourmind.“Idon’tlikeJoe,butIamdoinghimafavor,”wemightthink.“SomaybeIdolikehim.”Whilecognitivedissonanceexplainsalot,italonedoesn’texplaintheBenFranklinEffect.One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(親和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.Thisexplainsalotaboutaltruisticbehavior.Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.28.WhydoestheauthormentionBenjaminFranklin’sexperience?A.Toillustrateadilemmainmakingchoices. B.Tosuggestawayofstrikingupfriendships.C.Tostresstheimportanceofstrategicrequests. D.TointroducetheoriginoftheBenFranklinEffect.29.Whatisareasonforpeople’stendencytolikethoseaskingforfavors?A.Reducingthetensioncausedbysocialcontact.B.Increasingthechanceofgettinghelpinreturn.C.Avoidingthediscomfortfromconflictingthoughts.D.Establishingacooperativecommunityofsharedtrust.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”probablymeaninparagraph4?A.Selfless. B.Impolite. C.Aggressive. D.Responsible.31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheBenFranklinEffect?A.Itmakeslittlesense. B.Itappliestomostcultures.C.Ithassituationallimitations. D.Ithasgreatpracticalsignificance.【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.(令人驚訝的是，答案是B型這種人性的怪癖被稱為本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)。)”和第二段的“BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”(本杰明·富蘭克林(BenjaminFranklin)在1736年擔(dān)任賓夕法尼亞州議會(huì)書記員時(shí)遇到了這種現(xiàn)象。一個(gè)有權(quán)有勢(shì)的成員不喜歡富蘭克林，并威脅要讓他的生活很痛苦。該怎么辦？富蘭克林沒有用甜言蜜語來說服他，而是問他是否可以借他擁有的一本珍貴的書。這個(gè)請(qǐng)求改變了男人的態(tài)度，為他們的友誼鋪平了道路。富蘭克林的結(jié)論是：“曾經(jīng)善待過你的人，會(huì)比你所善待的人更愿意為你做另一件事。”)”可推斷，作者提到本杰明·富蘭克林的經(jīng)歷為了介紹“本杰明·富蘭克林效應(yīng)”的起源。故選D?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失調(diào)).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.(一些心理學(xué)家稱之為認(rèn)知失調(diào)。同時(shí)持有兩種相互矛盾的思想是很難的。這讓我們感到不舒服。)”

可知，人們傾向于喜歡尋求幫助的人是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)知失調(diào)，即避免持有矛盾的想法帶來的不適。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(親和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.(2015年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，更確切地說，這是請(qǐng)求所傳達(dá)的親和動(dòng)機(jī)。也就是說，我們?nèi)祟愊Ｍc他人保持良好的關(guān)系，而實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的一種方式就是幫助他人。)”以及下文“Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.(我們喜歡成為有用的人，推而廣之，我們喜歡那些給我們這樣做機(jī)會(huì)的人。這是我們的基因。)”可推斷，劃線詞所在句說明人類希望通過幫助他人來保持良好的關(guān)系，這解釋了無私的行為，因此推斷畫線詞與selfless“無私的”意思相近。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.(然而，我們對(duì)本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)還有很多不了解的地方。它在不同文化中都適用嗎？有沒有一個(gè)點(diǎn)，超過了這個(gè)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)求別人幫忙會(huì)讓你更不討人喜歡，而不是更討人喜歡？借書是一回事；向別人借車是另一回事。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)有情境限制。故選C。DAtonetime,ourgrowingpopulationwasseenascentraltowildlifeextinction,resourceexhaustion,pollutionandenvironmentaldestruction.Buttoday,ourconcernsshifttodecliningbirthratesduetoincreasedreproductivechoiceforwomen.Thisisapositivedevelopment,butisoftendescribedasa“crisis”inthemedia,highlightingeconomicandseniorcarechallenges.Lostintheconversationarethemanypositiveaspectsofanagingsociety,whichistheresultofpeoplelivinghealthierandlongerlives,andcommon-senserealitieslikereducedneedsforinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andlowerecologicalimpacts.Alsolostisthefactthatourpopulationstillgrowsby80millionpeopleeveryyear.Andtheconsequencesofhighbirthratesaresevere.Amongthemisglobalwarming.Infact,increasedemissions(排放)frompopulationgrowthhavecanceledmorethanthreequartersoftheemissionssavedthroughenergyefficiencyandrenewablesoverthepastthreedecades.Yet,nomatterhowwelldocumentedthelinkbetweenpopulationandclimate,loweringourpopulationisnotablyabsentfromtheconversationonsolutions.Instead,thefocusisontechnologythatwillsupposedlyallowourentiregrowingpopulationtoenjoytheenergy-intensivelifestylesnowenjoyedbytherich,andwithnoclimateimpacts.But“green”technologyisnotthesolutionitisadvertisedtobe.Itsexpansiontothedegreeneededtopoweragrowingpopulationatadecentstandardoflivingwoulditselfrequireashockinginvestmentinfossil(化石)fuels.Italsorequiresmassiveminingoperations,manyofwhichtakeplaceonthebacksoflow-wageworkersinAfricawhereitisdrivingdestructionofrainforestscriticaltothesurvivalofgreatapes.Besides,itrequires10timesthelandareaasfossilfuelplantsforthesameamountofenergygenerated.Whenglobalwarmingthreatenstopushbillionsintounsafetemperatures,itisnotimetopanicthatweareaddingfewertothosebillions.Infact,decliningbirthratesshouldbecauseforcelebrationastheysignifyadvancesingenderequalityandareducedburdenonEarth.32.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Theglobalpopulationisdecreasingeveryyear.B.Thebenefitsofanagingsocietyareoverlooked.C.Theecologicalenvironmentisturningforthebetter.D.Themediamakeupmisleadingnewsaboutthepopulation.33.Whatishighlightedasadisadvantageofhighbirthrates?A.Reducedinfrastructureneeds. B.Challengesinseniorcareservices.C.Aslowdownineconomicgrowth. D.Increasedgreenhousegasemissions.34.Whyis“green”technologyquestionedinthetext?A.Itdoesdamagetotheecosystem. B.Itisnotpopulararoundtheworld.C.Itisunaffordableforpoorregions. D.Ithaslittleeffectonreducingpollution.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AgingSocieties:AGlobalCrisis B.TheMysteryof“Green”TechnologyC.TheTrendofPopulationGrowth D.DecliningBirthRates:AHopefulSign【答案】32.B33.D34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是人口高出生率的危害以及出生率降低帶來的積極影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisisapositivedevelopment,butisoftendescribedasa“crisis”inthemedia,highlightingeconomicandseniorcarechallenges.(這是一個(gè)積極的發(fā)展，但媒體經(jīng)常將其描述為“危機(jī)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)和老年人護(hù)理方面的挑戰(zhàn)。)”以及下文中介紹的人口老齡化帶來的積極影響被人們忽略的事實(shí)可知，在第二段我們了解到的是老齡化社會(huì)的好處被人們忽略。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Andtheconsequencesofhighbirthratesaresevere.Amongthemisglobalwarming.(高出生率的后果是嚴(yán)重的。其中之一就是全球變暖。)”以及下文中介紹的高出生率導(dǎo)致排放量增加的情況可知，高出來率的缺點(diǎn)是造成溫室氣體排放增加。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Itsexpansiontothedegreeneededtopoweragrowingpopulationatadecentstandardoflivingwoulditselfrequireashockinginvestmentinfossil(化石)fuels.Italsorequiresmassiveminingoperations,manyofwhichtakeplaceonthebacksoflow-wageworkersinAfricawhereitisdrivingdestructionofrainforestscriticaltothesurvivalofgreatapes.(它的擴(kuò)張要達(dá)到為不斷增長的人口提供體面生活所需的程度，本身就需要對(duì)化石燃料(化石)進(jìn)行驚人的投資。它還需要大規(guī)模的采礦作業(yè)，其中許多是在非洲的低工資工人的支持下進(jìn)行的，這正在破壞對(duì)類人猿生存至關(guān)重要的熱帶雨林。)”可知，“綠色”技術(shù)的擴(kuò)張需要對(duì)化石燃料進(jìn)行大量投資，大規(guī)模的釆礦作業(yè)，破壞了對(duì)類人猿生存至關(guān)重要的熱帶雨林，由此可知，“綠色”技術(shù)被質(zhì)疑的原因是它破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容及最后一段中“Infact,decliningbirthratesshouldbecauseforcelebrationastheysignifyadvancesingenderequalityandareducedburdenonEarth.(事實(shí)上，出生率下降應(yīng)該是值得慶祝的，因?yàn)樗鼈儤?biāo)志著性別平等的進(jìn)步和地球負(fù)擔(dān)的減輕)”可知，本文主要討論了出生率下降的積極意義，所以D選項(xiàng)“出生率下降：一個(gè)充滿希望的跡象”概括全文主題，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)：(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyarePoliceOfficersCalledCops?Policeofficersareoftenreferredtoascops.____36____Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.____37____SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.____38____AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.____39____Anditisnolongerconsideredrude.However,certainothertermsforpoliceofficersaredefinitelyunwelcome.WhileBritishPolicemightnotmindbeingcalled“bobbies”,nopolicemembersliketobereferredtoas“pigs”orthe“fuzz”.Somedon’tmindthetermthe“heat”asappliedtothewholepoliceforce,butthepoliceforcedoesnotgenerallytakekindlytotermsgiventothembycriminals.Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.____40____A.Thetermisslightlylessfamiliartopeople.B.So,theLatin,Dutch,andFrenchtermsareallsimilar.C.Thesewordsdefinesomeofwhatapoliceofficerdoes.D.Theprofessionofapoliceofficerwasnotrespectedthen.E.Buttheoriginsofthisnicknamearesomethingofadebate.F.However,theterm“policeofficer”isgenerallymostcorrect.G.Todayitisappropriatetocallmembersofthepoliceforcecops.【答案】36.E37.C38.B39.G40.F【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章講述了警察為什么被稱為cops的由來。【36題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.(一些人認(rèn)為這個(gè)詞是“copper”的縮寫，來自警察佩戴的銅徽章。也有人說它代表“警察總隊(duì)”。)”可知，關(guān)于“cop”這個(gè)昵稱的起源存在爭議。因此推斷E項(xiàng)“但這個(gè)綽號(hào)的起源卻存在爭議?！狈险Z境。故選E。【37題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.(然而，關(guān)于“cop”一詞起源的普遍共識(shí)表明，這個(gè)詞更多地是基于警察的工作，而不是他的服裝或頭銜。在拉丁語中，動(dòng)詞capere可以被定義為“捕獲”。在法語中，動(dòng)詞是caper?！癟ocop”在英語中的意思是抓住或拿走。)”可知，在不同的語言中有不同的詞定義了警察的部分工作，因此推斷C項(xiàng)“這些詞定義了警察的部分工作”總結(jié)上文，thesewords指代前文的詞匯。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.(SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,wh