第四單元語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句

英語(yǔ)：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)（2011-10）在復(fù)合句中，修飾句中的某一名詞或代詞，充當(dāng)這一名詞或代詞的定語(yǔ)的從句，就叫做定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞，叫做先行詞，從句放在所修飾詞（即先行詞）之后由關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。定語(yǔ)從句中可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom，所有格whose),as。下面我們根據(jù)它們的特點(diǎn)及其應(yīng)用分別從一下六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行講解。一、that與which的區(qū)別當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，一般情況下that,which都可以用，但是二者并不是全部通用，這就要求我們同學(xué)們要明確在什么情況下只能用that，在什么情況下只能用which。1．定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that，不能用which，常見(jiàn)的有如下幾種情況：①.被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞，如all,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等。如：Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?②.先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,oneof,just等詞修飾時(shí)。如：That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.③.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：ItwasthelargestmapthatIeversaw.④.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that。如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell-known.⑤.主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如：Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?2．定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which，不能用that，常見(jiàn)的有如下幾種情況：①介詞＋關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，例如：Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowfacesouth.②先行詞是that,those時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用which。例如：What’sthatwhichwasbrightinthecar?③一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，一個(gè)用that，另一個(gè)用which。例如：LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnearlytoopentous.1—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes，there'sonepoint_____wemustinsiston.A．whyB．whereC．howD．/2Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm________wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what二、who與whom的區(qū)別who在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，whom在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中只能作賓語(yǔ)。1．定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能who，不能用whom，常見(jiàn)的有如下幾種情況：①當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,anyone,all,those指人時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用who。例如：Anyonewhodidn’tcomemustbepunished.②在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是人，引導(dǎo)詞只能用who。例如：Thereisapersonwhowantstoseeyou.③句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，避免重復(fù)，引導(dǎo)詞用who。例如：Theteacherthatwaspractisedatyesterday’smeetingwhoisourEnglishteacherwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.④間隔性定語(yǔ)從句（先行詞指人并有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)），例如：Hewastheonlyoneintheofficewhowasinvitedtothehall.⑤當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時(shí)，要用who，例如：Hewhodoesn’tmakemistakesmakesnothing.(二)定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能whom，不能用who，常見(jiàn)的有一種情況：介詞＋關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，則只可以用whom,不能用who，例如：Heisthepersontowhomwecanturnhelp.3Womendrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosedon’t.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填三、關(guān)系代詞whose的用法：1．whose既可以指代“……人的”，也可以指代“……物的”，并且還要在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，例如：Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.2．whose可與其表示所屬關(guān)系的ofwhom/ofwhich相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：OurEnglishteacherlivesinthehousethewindowsofwhichfacetothenorth.4Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse__________roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that四、關(guān)系代詞as的用法：1．當(dāng)thesame與名詞連用時(shí)，通常用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，例如：Ihadthesamedifficultythatyouhadlastyear.注意：區(qū)分thesame...as和thesame...that兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。前者表示"與……同樣的",不是同一個(gè);而后者表示"同一個(gè),就是那個(gè)"。例如:ThisisthesamepenasIlostlastweek.這同我上周丟失的那枝鋼筆一樣。(但不是同一支)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostlastweek.這就是我上周丟失的那枝鋼筆。2．用于固定搭配，當(dāng)先行詞與as,so,such,連用時(shí)，例如：Youcanwaitformeatthesameplaceaswedid.Asmanypeopleaswerepresentstoodfortheplan.五、關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)的問(wèn)題當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，那么定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要注意數(shù)的形式應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致，這時(shí)要注意the(only)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，例如：Thosewhohavefinishedmaygohome.Iamtheonlyonewhohasbeenacceptedtheinvitationtotheparty.5Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen六、關(guān)系代詞的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常關(guān)系代詞可以省略，例如：Canyoutellmethenameofthefactoryyouvisitedlastweek?Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?6----Whyhealwaysaskyouforhelp?----Thereisnooneelse______,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.fromwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn解析：例1答案為D。有一點(diǎn)（point）我們必須要堅(jiān)持的。先行詞point在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞that省略，故答案為D。例2答案為C。在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞是chickenfarm，that作賓語(yǔ)。故答案為C。3解析：答案為C。第一空先行詞women在從句中作主語(yǔ)，要選用who；第二空先行詞those也是在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，選用who，故答案為C。4解析：答案為A。小心！不要靠近那座房子，它的屋頂正在修理之中。關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作roof的定語(yǔ)，先行詞是house。5解析：答案為D。theonlyoneofthestudents中的先行詞是theonlyone，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。6解析：答案為B。turntosb.意思為“求助于某人“。介詞后要接關(guān)系代詞whom做賓格而省略。故答案為B。定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題（附參考答案及解析）1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen

參考答案及解析1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。2．C."和誰(shuí)講話”要說(shuō)speaktosb.本題全句應(yīng)為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。5．A.which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語(yǔ)。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語(yǔ)。6．C.解析同第5題。7.A.解析見(jiàn)第3題。8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則theone應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9.A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說(shuō)talkaboutsth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語(yǔ)，不能用that。10.A.withwhich是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語(yǔ).12.D.withwhom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)family的定語(yǔ).14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本句話中,as作從句的主語(yǔ).16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本題中,as作表語(yǔ).17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語(yǔ).18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語(yǔ)從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用sucha……..,本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,who作從句的主語(yǔ).22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)?whom作從句中met的賓語(yǔ),可以省略.第二個(gè)從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語(yǔ),不可省略.24.A.whosetitle引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,whosetitle也可以說(shuō)成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,使用介詞for,是來(lái)自于從句中的固定短語(yǔ)befamousfor"以……..而聞名".26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語(yǔ).27.A.兩個(gè)先行詞theday都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語(yǔ)從句中，常用that來(lái)代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷浴?9.D.