2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語課時素養(yǎng)評價十五Unit5WorkingtheLandUsingLanguage含解析新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGE十五Unit5UsingLanguageⅠ.單詞拼法1.Urban(城市的)dwellersoftenacceptnoiseaspartofcitylife.2.Choosefromsixpopularflavours(味道)oficecream!3.Hiswholelifeisafightagainstpoverty(貧困)andunemployment.4.Theplanreceivedwidespread(普遍的)supportthroughoutthecountry.5.MrsCaanneedsalittlehelpgettinghergroceries(食品雜貨)home.6.Theyarenotentirely(完全地)happywithhiscriticismofthepresident.7.HefirstenteredBritainonasix-monthvisa,andwasgivenafurtherextension(延長)ofsixmonths.8.Hehasadelicatedigestion(消化實(shí)力)andcannoteatoilyfood.9.Thereality(實(shí)際狀況)isthatthereisnotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.10.WhentheygottoMontana,theyputdownroots(根)andbuiltalife.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.Whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.2.Pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.3.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusing(use)anychemicals.4.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethods(method)toproducerichsoil.5.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoiding(avoid)damagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.6.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely(entire).7.Weshouldn’tlosesightofthefactthateducationisimportantforitsownsake.8.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.9.Itistruethatshehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.10.Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Ⅲ.完成句子1.Veryloudnoisecanmakepeopleillordrivethemmad.

很大的噪音會使人身體不適,或使他們發(fā)狂。2.Recentlycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhenshoppingatthelocalgrocery.

最近,顧客在當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店購物時,已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向購買有機(jī)食品。3.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.例如,很多種植有機(jī)農(nóng)作物的農(nóng)夫運(yùn)用來自動物的自然廢棄物作為肥料。4.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeettheneed.

有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)完全不能滿意那樣的需求。5.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.因此,要找到一個合適的解決方案,在保持人和環(huán)境盡可能健康的同時,把足夠的食物放在餐桌上,還有很長的路要走。

Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheorganicfoodshavegainedalotofpopularityastheyarebeingconsideredashealthierandtastier.Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnotseemwell-founded.Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootofland,whichcanmeanlesswildernessneedstobetransformedtofarmland.Tomakefarmingmoreefficient,conventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountofsyntheticfertiliser(合成肥料)eachyear,andallthatnitrogen(氮)enablesmuchfasterplantgrowth.However,thecostispaidinvastpolluteddeadzonesatthemonthsofmanyoftheworld’srivers,becausemuchofthenitrogenendsuprunningoffthesoilandintotheoceans.Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.Toweakentheenvironmentalimpactofagriculture,improvesoilqualityaswellasproducehealthierfoods,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming.Environmentalistshavealsowelcomedorganicfoodasbetterfortheplanetthanthefoodproducedbyagriculturalcorporations.Organicpractices—refusingartificialfertilizersandchemicalpesticides—areconsideredfarmoresustainable.Salesoforganicfoodrose7.7%in2010,upto$26.7billion—andpeoplearemakingthosepurchasesfortheirmoralsensesasmuchastheirtongues.Yetanewmeta-analysisinNaturedoesthemathandcomestoahardconclusion:organicfarmingproduces25%fewercropsonaveragethanconventionalagriculture.IntheNatureanalysis,scientistsperformedananalysisof66studiescomparingconventionalandorganicmethodsacross34differentcropspecies,fromfruitstograins.Theyfoundthatorganicfarmingdeliveredaloweroutputforeverycroptype,thoughthedifferencevariedwidely.Forcropslikefruittrees,organictrailed(落后于)conventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworld’smaincalories—conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicsbymorethan25%.Whatthatmeansisthatwhileorganicfarmingmaybemoresustainablethanconventionalagriculture,therearetrade-offs(此消彼長)witheach.Soanidealglobalagriculturesystemmayborrowthebestfrombothsystemsratherthanupholdingmerelyorganicorconventionalpractices.【文章大意】有機(jī)食品越來越受歡迎,人們認(rèn)為它們更健康、更美味。一個志向的全球農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)可以從有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)中獲得最好的利益,而不是僅僅支持有機(jī)或常規(guī)的做法。1.Whatdoweknowaboutconventionalfarming?A.Itproducesmorecropswithfewerfertilisers.B.Itachievesefficiencyatahugecosttotheenvironment.C.Ifoffersalong-termsolutiontoglobaldemandforfood.D.Itperformsfarbetterforeachcroptypethanorganicfarming.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.和第三段最終一句Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.可知,傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)以犧牲環(huán)境的巨大代價來實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)效率。2.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.Employingorganicfarmingtoplantrice.B.Adoptingorganicpracticestogrowpotato.C.Usingconventionalmethodstoplantcabbage.D.Applyingconventionalfarmingtogrowapple.【解析】選C。推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段最終兩句Forcropslikefruittrees,organictrailedconventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworld’smaincalories—conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicsbymorethan25%.可知作者最可能同意用傳統(tǒng)的方法種植卷心菜。3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))C:Conclusion【解析】選A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。第一段是文章的中心論點(diǎn),有機(jī)食品越來越受歡迎,因?yàn)樗鼈儽徽J(rèn)為更健康、更美味;文章第2—3段闡述了對conventionalagriculture的觀點(diǎn),4—6段闡述了從conventionalagriculture向organicfarming的轉(zhuǎn)變及新的探討?yīng)殑?chuàng),兩部分分別闡述了兩種農(nóng)業(yè)的利弊;最終一段得出結(jié)論,一個志向的全球農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)可以從兩個系統(tǒng)中獲益,而不是僅僅靠支持有機(jī)或常規(guī)的做法。4.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tocomparetwotypesoffarming.B.Tocriticizeconventionalagriculture.C.Todiscussthedevelopmentoffarming.D.Toargueforarealisticagriculturesystem.【解析】選D。寫作意圖題。依據(jù)最終一段可知作者寫本文的目的是主見建立一個現(xiàn)實(shí)的農(nóng)業(yè)體系。BImagineyou’reatthesupermarketcheckout.Youpaythecashier,loadyourfoodintothecart,thentakeonethirdofyournewlypurchaseditemsoutsideandthrowthemintothetrash.Thismaysoundunbelievable,butmillionsofusworldwidedothisregularly,althoughinamorenon-directway.IntheWest,mostofthisfoodisthrownawaybybusinessesthatareunabletosellit,orbyconsumerswhobuytoomuch.Andthemajorityofthisfood,despitebeingpastitsshelflife,isstillperfectlyfitforhumanconsumption.Sowheredotheseexcessproductsendup?

“Wereceivefoodfromvarioussources,includingfoodbanks,restaurants,cafes,foodphotographers,andevents”saysAdamSmith,founderofTheRealJunkFoodProject.TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountry’sfirst“foodwastesupermarket”,offeringproductsthatwouldotherwisehaveendedupinwaste.Mostofitscustomersarelow-incomefamilies,orevencollegestudentswhofinditdifficulttoaffordfood.“Weaskourcustomerstopaywhattheyfeelintime,moneyorskills.Wedohavepeoplecomingwiththeintentionofpayingandifitcarriesonlikeitdoes,itwillpayforthecostofthewarehouse,”Smithexplains.SomeshopsacrossEuropearealsotakingaction.Francerecentlypassedalawthatsaysallsupermarketsmustnowdonatealloftheirunsoldproducetocharities,whiletheItaliangovernmenthasalsoputsimilarmeasuresinplace.Hundredsofcafesthatservemealsmadefromsurplusfoodhavebeensetupacrossthecontinenttoo,sellingdishesatbottompricesorevengivingthemawayforfree.Sowhatcanwedotopreventourdinnerendingupinthebin?“Buyless.Oratleastshopsmarter,”saidSmith.Afterall,thebestplaceforfoodisinourstomachs,notthetrash.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。全世界現(xiàn)在存在一種奢侈現(xiàn)象:超市里有近三分之一的東西會因?yàn)槌^保質(zhì)期而淪為垃圾,而事實(shí)上這些商品還是可以運(yùn)用的。針對這種狀況,歐美一些國家正在實(shí)行行動。5.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“beingpastitsshelflife”inParagraph2?A.Beingpastits“sell-by”date.B.Beingfarfromenough.C.Beingpastthelengthofbeingeatable.D.Beingoutofdate.【解析】選A。詞義揣測題。劃線部分的意思是“超過貨架壽命”,下一句說仍舊適合消費(fèi),因此推斷此處表示超過了最佳售賣的日期,故選A。6.WhatdoweknowaboutTheRealJunkFoodProject?A.Itgetsfoodfromthewaste.B.Itwantstomakeafatprofit.C.Itdrewmassiveattentionlately.D.Itsmainaimistodocharities.【解析】選C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlines”可知,這家公司因?yàn)榛厥丈唐返男袨榭焖傥巳藗兊牧粢狻?.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.SomecountriesinEuropeareactivelyhelpingpoorpeople.B.SomecountriesinEuropearetryingtoaddressfoodwaste.C.RelatedshopsinEuropearewillingtogiveawaytheirfood.D.AllthecountriesinEuropehavemadelawstohandlefoodwaste.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。第四段提到了法國、意大利等歐洲國家針對商品奢侈的現(xiàn)象實(shí)行了措施,故選B。8.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TurningTrashintoTreatsB.BuyingLessandSmarterC.FoodTrashIndustryD.WarnagainstFoodWaste【解析】選A。標(biāo)題概括題。整篇文章介紹的是針對大量過了最佳銷售日期的商品如何避開淪為垃圾的狀況,分別列舉了幾種好的做法,因此A選項(xiàng)是最符合文章主旨的標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.語法填空WhenSarasotastudentstook1biteofafreshlypickedwatermelonormango,theyknewthefruitcamefromafive-acrefarmrightinSarasotainsteadofthousandsofmilesaway,2(fresh)andmorenutritional.

TheSarasotaFarmtoSchoolprogramis3(actual)partofaninitiative(倡議)headedbytheFloridaDepartmentofAgricultureandConsumerServices,4(plan)toincreaseFlorida-basedproduceservedinschoolsandofferhealthierchoicestostudents.Inadditiontonutritionalvalueitoffers,theprogramis5(education)aswell,allowingstudentstogetinvolvedintheagriculturalsideofworkinginthegardens.

StudentsfromtheprogramcomeouteachMonday6(harvest)cropsthatwilleventuallygoto67SarasotaCountycafeterias.Thefarmiscrowded7variouskindsoffruits,squash,sunflowersandcorn.Fornow,thefarmisinitsfirstgrowingseason.Cropsthat8(grow)inMayarejuststartingtobeharvested.Outsideofthefarm,studentsareengagingin(參加)sometastetestswith9theygetfromthegardens.It’sthroughthesetastingsessionsthateitherastudentorafarmercangetsome10(inform)aboutwhatcropsshouldpopulatethefarm.

【文章大意】本文為一篇說明文。介紹了美國薩拉索塔縣的“農(nóng)場到校內(nèi)”項(xiàng)目。1.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。此處bite是可數(shù)名詞,表示“(咬下的)一口”。依據(jù)語境可知,此處表示泛指,故填不定冠詞a。2.【解析】fresher?？疾楸容^級。依據(jù)句意和空后的“andmorenutritional”可知,空處填所給詞的比較級形式。3.【解析】actually。考查副詞。此處修飾整個句子,故用副詞actually作狀語,表示“事實(shí)上”。4.【解析】planning?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處作伴隨狀語,故用非謂語動詞。plan“安排”與句子主語program是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。留意:不要受前面作定語的過去分詞短語的影響而誤以為此處也要填過去分詞。5.【解析】educational。考查形容詞。上文提到這個項(xiàng)目供應(yīng)nutritionalvalue,此處描述的是它的教化價值,故空處應(yīng)當(dāng)填跟nutritional一樣詞性的形容詞作表語。educational“教化的,具有教化意義的”。6.【解析】toharvest?？疾榉侵^語動詞。空處作目的狀語,故用不定式。此處harvest是動詞,表示“收割(莊稼)”。7.【解析】with?？疾榻樵~。依據(jù)becrowdedwith“充溢”短語可知,空處應(yīng)當(dāng)填介詞with。8.【解析】weregrown。考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一