英語語法之主謂一致

第頁英語語法之主謂一致英語語法之主謂相同本文關(guān)鍵詞：主謂，英語語法

英語語法之主謂相同本文簡介：主謂相同定義：是指句子中的謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)上必需相同。一般說來，主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式確定著謂語動(dòng)詞采納相應(yīng)的形式。例如：lHeisacleverstudent.lTheyareEnglishmen.lWefoundtheboysbrightpupils.lWefoundtheboyabrightpu

英語語法之主謂相同本文內(nèi)容：

主謂相同

定義：是指句子中的謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)上必需相同。一般說來，主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式確定著謂語動(dòng)詞采納相應(yīng)的形式。例如：

l

He

is

a

clever

student.

l

They

are

Englishmen.

l

We

found

the

boys

bright

pupils.

l

We

found

the

boy

a

bright

pupil.

二．在實(shí)際運(yùn)用上，往往會遇到困難的狀況，因此，我們在處理主謂相同問題時(shí)可依據(jù)以下三種原那么。

1．語法相同原那么

2.意義相同原那么

3.就近原那么

1.語法相同：是指在形式上看，主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，請語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

l

This

is

a

book.

l

These

are

books.

2.意義相同：是指從意義上來處理主謂相同問題。有時(shí)，主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義上為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)語依意義而定，也采納復(fù)數(shù)形式；有時(shí)主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但意義上為單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。

l

Our

class

like

English

very

much.

l

Our

family

are

fond

of

the

film.

說明：這兩個(gè)句子中的class和family，都是集體名詞，在這里都指集體中的各個(gè)成員。因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

l

Four

thousand

dollars

is

more

than

she

can

afford.

說明：four

thousand

dollars外表看是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式，而事實(shí)上被子看作一個(gè)總數(shù)，即一筆錢，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用了單數(shù)形式。

3就近原那么：是指謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和最近的主語保持相同。

l

There

is

a

chair

and

ten

desks

in

the

room.

l

Not

only

he

but

also

I

am

a

teacher.

面對這三種原那么，到底何時(shí)采納何種原那么為好，應(yīng)視習(xí)慣用法而定。在運(yùn)用中，假如對三種原那么的選那么捉摸不定，最好還是運(yùn)用語法相同的原那么。

三、有關(guān)主謂相同的問題用法歸納總結(jié)如下：

1．某些表示有定數(shù)量和不定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語的主謂相同問題。

1〕當(dāng)名詞詞組的中心詞是表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、重量，價(jià)值等復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。

l

Twenty

years

in

prison

was

long.

l

Fifteen

miles

seems

like

a

long

walk

to

me.

l

Ten

dollars

is

a

big

sum

to

him.

2〕當(dāng)名詞詞組的中心詞是由all，

most,half,the

rest,分?jǐn)?shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞時(shí)，假如of后的名詞所指的為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，假如of后的名詞為單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

l

Half

of

the

students

in

our

class

are

boys.

l

Half

of

the

time

is

spent

in

learning

English.

l

The

rest

of

the

students

are

going

to

the

cinema.

l

The

rest

of

the

money

is

paid

for

books.

留意：all作主語指人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)；指物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。

All

in

our

class

are

here.(我們的全部人都到了)

All

in

the

front

line

is

quiet.(前線的一切都很靜謐)

3〕假如主語是由kind

of,type

of,of,a

portion

of,a

sort

of,a

series

of等+名詞構(gòu)成，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)視kind,type,的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。

l

This

kind

of

man

annoys

me

l

This

kind

of

men

annoys

me.

l

This

kind

of

oranges

is

highly

priced.

l

These

kinds

of

tests

are

good.

假如以apples,men作為名詞詞組的中心詞，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

l

Apples

of

this

kind

are

highly

priced.

l

Men

of

this

kind

are

dangerous.

假如kind

of

之前的限定詞和之后名詞都用了復(fù)數(shù)形式，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

These

kinds

of

men

annoy

me.

4〕用于數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的數(shù)字作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)形式。

l

Eighteen

plus

five

is

twenty

two.

l

15

Minus

11

is

4.

l

Five

times

eight

is

forty.

l

Fifteen

divided

by

three

is

five.

假如兩數(shù)相加，采納的是并列形式，并列主語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)形式即可。

Five

and

five

make(makes)

ten.

2.由and和

both……and連接兩個(gè)成分作主語時(shí)的主謂相同問題

1〕由and和

both--

and連接兩個(gè)成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

l

The

secretary

and

treasurer

have

agreed

to

be

present.

l

Many

visitors

and

I

find

the

fast

pace.

l

Behind

the

wall

stand

a

house

and

a

garage.

2〕由and連接兩個(gè)名詞，假如指同一概念時(shí)，即指同一個(gè)人或同一件事時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。指同一概念時(shí)的標(biāo)記是，and后的名詞前沒有冠詞。

l

The

secretary

and

schoolmaster

is

going

to

give

a

talk

this

afternoon.

l

The

assistant

and

gradate

student

helps

check

the

rcise-books.

假如and后面的名詞有定冠詞，就意味著兩上人或兩件事了。

l

The

secretary

and

the

schoolmaster

are

going

to

give

a

talk

this

afternoon,.

l

The

assistant

and

the

graduate

student

help

check

the

rcise-book.

l

The

bread

and

the

butter

are

on

sale.牛油和面包正在出售。

類似表示同一概念的習(xí)語還有

the

bread

and

butter(奶油面包)

a

cart

and

horse(車馬)

the

needle

and

thread(針線)

a

cup

and

saucer(碟子茶杯)

cause

and

effect(因果)

3〕由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語，并且前面有each,every,manya,no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

l

Each

soldier

and

each

sailor

was

given

a

gun.

l

Every

hour

and

every

minute

is

precious

to

us.

l

Many

a

boy

and

many

a

girl

has

seen

the

film.

3假如名詞作主語時(shí)，后面有with,as

well

as,rather

than,along

with,like,besides,more

than,together

with,including,in

addition

to,accompanied

by(由……陪伴)等，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要和這些詞前面的名詞保持相同，與這些詞后面的名詞無關(guān)。

l

He

as

well

as

I

is

a

teacher.

l

Dr.

Smith,together

with

his

wife

and

two

sons

is

going

to

arrive

here.

l

Mary,accompanied

by

her

brother,was

warmly

welcomed.

l

Some

of

the

workers,as

well

as

the

manager,work

during

the

holidays.

4由or,neither……nor,either……or,not

only……but

also連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采納就近原那么，還有there

be構(gòu)造

l

Not

only

he

but

also

I

am

a

teacher.

l

Neither

the

teacher

nor

the

students

were

going

to

see

the

film.

5單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞，不定式，以及句子作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

1〕Climbing

hills

is

good

rcise.

To

see

is

to

believe.

What

he

said

is

true.

What

interests

the

workers

most

is

better

wages.

2〕假如用and連接上述兩個(gè)成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Climbing

hills

and

swimming

are

good

rcises.

3〕what是個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列構(gòu)造時(shí)，或者表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞采納復(fù)數(shù)形式.

l

What

I

say

and

think

are

no

business

of

yours.

l

What

he

says

and

does

don’t

agree.

l

What

he

left

me

are

old

books,6．當(dāng)不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.

(something,anything,everything,nothing,,everybody,anybody,somebody,anyone,everyone)

說明：當(dāng)none,neither作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

l

Neither

of

us

wants/want

to

go

there.

7．書刊名和專出名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

l

His

Selected

Poems

was

first

published

in

1960.

l

The

Arabin

Nights

is

a

popular

reading

with

the

young

people.

8．定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)

1〕定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)由先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)面定。特殊是先行詞“one

of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”，以復(fù)數(shù)名詞為先行詞，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而且the

one

of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句，應(yīng)以the

one為先行詞，，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

l

This

is

one

of

the

best

books

that

have

been

published

this

year.

l

This

is

the

one

of

the

best

books

that

has

been

published

this

year.

2〕假如定語從句所修飾的先行詞是代詞，那么從句中的謂語的數(shù)要與此代詞相同。

l

I,who

am

your

friend,will

try

my

best

to

help

you.

9．集體名詞的主謂相同問題

family,class,police,committee,crew,government,audience,public,team,crowd

等集體名詞，

假如指整個(gè)集體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；假如指集體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

l

My

family

is

going

to

move.

l

My

family

like

the

book.

l

The

committee

consists

of

12members.

l

The

committee

are

having

a

meeting

to

discuss

am

important

problem.

l

The

cattle

are

grazing

in

the

fields.

10．有些名詞，如people,mitilia,cattle,poultry〔家禽〕等，

單數(shù)形式具有復(fù)數(shù)意義，

謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

l

The

Chinese

people

are

brave

and

hard-working.

l

The

mitilia

are

drilling

on

the

ground.

但people作“民族”講時(shí)，有單數(shù)形式。

l

The

Chinese

people

is

a

brave

and

hard-working

one

世界上有很多運(yùn)用英語的民族。

11．有些名詞，外表是復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上是單數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(news,,maths,mathematics,physics,politics,works)

l

The

news

is

good.

l

Maths

is

her

weak

points.

12有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如goods〔貨物〕，scissors〔剪刀〕,trousers〔褲子〕,spectacles〔眼鏡〕,glasses,scales〔天平〕，clothes,compasses因此，他們作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

l

Goods

produced

by

the

factory

are

good.

l

Where

are

my

glasses?

They

are

on

the

desk.

說明：假如用a

pair

of來修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要取決于pair的單復(fù)形式。

l

His

trousers

were

torn,so

a

pair

of

trousers

was

not

enough.

l

Two

pairs

of

glasses

are

enough.

13.有些形容詞，分詞與the連用，表示一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

(blind,dead,deaf,sick,poor,rich,old,young,wounded)

14．one

or

two

+

復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，

謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但a/one+單數(shù)名詞+or

two謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。

l

There

are

one

or

two

books

on

the

desk.

l

A

word

or

two

is

/are

needed

here.

注：表示數(shù)量的one

and

a

half,后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

l

One

and

a